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1

The impact of the modernisation of the drainage system on the water retention in ditches

Bajkowski Sławomir, Urbański Janusz, Oleszczuk Ryszard, Brandyk Andrzej, Siwicki Piotr

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

86--95

EN

The paper presents a study on the retention ditch system characterised by varying hydraulic and geometric parameters, especially longitudinal slopes as well as dimensions and cross-sectional profiles. During the pre-modernisation inventory of the site, only one concrete structure was found on the R-E ditch, with fixed, circular outlet openings. The existing weir height provided a dead retention capacity of 2% geometric capacity of all ditches in the system, and a usable capacity of 23%. It allowed to use only 25% of the full geometric capacity, without water level control. As part of the modernisation, the existing concrete structure was removed, and replaced by seven new damming structures, including three structures on the R-E and R-E1 ditches and one on the R-E4 ditch. These were four plastic structure weirs with movable closures that allowed to regulate the water level, two permanent crest weirs and a disc regulator built into the culvert pipe. These changes reduced the dead storage volume to 1%, and increased the usable storage to 41% of the geometric storage of all ditches in the system. This ensured 42% utilisation of the geometric capacity. The increased water damming in indicated places, it was possible to use the geometric capacity of the ditches up to 65%.

2

Identification of eddy viscosity parameter and depth-averaged secondary flow in a compound channel with and without emerged vegetation on floodplains

Kozioł Adam Paweł, Kiczko Adam, Krukowski Marcin, Majewski Grzegorz, Brandyk Andrzej

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 4

85--100

EN

The Shiono–Knight method (SKM) was used to calculate a lateral profile of the depth-averaged velocity and determine the flow rate for a compound channel, both in the presence and absence of emergent vegetation on the floodplains. The SKM is an analytical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. The effect of vegetation (trees) on flow was simulated using two approaches: with an averaged friction factor and by adding a drag force term in the Navier–Stokes equation. Based on flume and field experiments in compound channels with and without emergent vegetation, values of parameters for the dimensionless eddy viscosity and the secondary flow term were identified using the Monte Carlo sampling technique. The surface of the main channel bed was smooth and made of concrete, whereas the floodplains and all sloping banks were covered by cement mortar composed of terrazzo. Calculations were performed using various models, applied to both laboratory and field data sets. The obtained velocity and flow rate distributions were consistent with observations.

3

Assessment of the risk of flooding in an urbanized area in response to heavy rains: case study of the Warsaw Chopin Airport

Barszcz Mariusz, Paweł, Baryła Anna, Stańczyk Tomasz, Brandyk Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2023

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Nr 87

121--139

EN

The paper presents the adaptation of the hydrodynamic Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for the subcatchment area of the Służewiecki Stream in Warsaw, the major part of which is the area of the Chopin Airport. The SWMM model was used for calculating the water outflow from the studied urbanized area in response to rainfall with the probabilities of 20 and 10%, and then to assess the possibility of flooding as a result of rainwater spillage from the Airport drainage system. The scope of the work also comprised assessing the impact of the existing retention tanks at the Airport on the reduction of maximum flows in the Służewiecki Stream channel. Simulations in response to the rainfall event with a probability of 10% have shown that there are locations (sewer manholes) within the airport area where short-term rainwater overflows may potentially occur. Retention of rainwater in tanks and flow control through gate valves have a significant impact on a reduction of flows in the Słuzewiecki Stream, thus reducing the risk of flooding in the studied catchment area.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono adaptację hydrodynamicznego modelu Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) dla zlewni cząstkowej Potoku Służewieckiego w Warszawie, której przeważającą część stanowi teren Lotniska im. Chopina. Model SWMM zastosowano do obliczania odpływu wód z badanego obszaru zurbanizowanego w reakcji na opady deszczu o prawdopodobieństwach wystąpienia 20% i 10%, a następnie do oceny możliwości występowania podtopień w wyniku wylewania się wód deszczowych z systemu odwodnienia Lotniska. Zakres pracy obejmował również ocenę wpływu istniejących zbiorników retencyjnych na terenie lotniska na redukcję przepływów maksymalnych w kanale Potoku Służewieckiego. Symulacje dla opadu o prawdopodobieństwie 10% wykazały, że na terenie lotniska są miejsca (studzienki kanalizacyjne), w których potencjalnie mogą występować krótkotrwałe wylewy wód deszczowych. Retencjonowanie wód deszczowych w zbiornikach i sterowanie przepływami za pomocą zasuw ma duży wpływ na redukcję przepływów w Potoku Służewieckim, a tym samym na zmniejszenie zagrożenia występowania podtopień na obszarze badanej zlewni.

4

Moisture content of peat-moorsh soils with special attention to periods of drought

Oleszczuk Ryszard, Jadczyszyn Jan, Urbański Janusz, Zając Ewelina, Brandyk Andrzej, Niedźwiecki Jacek

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

234--247

EN

The paper presents the course of variability of the moisture content of the top layers in shallow (45 cm) and medium-deep (90 cm) peat-moorsh soil profiles in the years 2015-2019 against the background of the same meteorological conditions and a similar level of the groundwater table. The relative precipitation index (RPI) classifies the years 2015 and 2016 as dry, 2017 as wet, and 2018 and 2019 as average. For periods of atmospheric droughts, the average daily climatic water balance (CWB) ranged from -5.30 to -1.35 mm∙d-1. The water table did not fall below 90 cm b.g.l. during the entire study period, and the range of its fluctuations was 8 cm greater in the shallow than in the medium-deep profile. The range of moisture at different depths varied significantly and ranged from approx. 6% in periods of drought to about 80% in wet periods. Soil moisture throughout the measurement period was above the plant available water range (pF > 4.2). The occurrence of soil drought in the shallow peat-moorsh soil profile had a range of up to 40 cm, and in the medium-deep profile of up to 30 cm. The sequence of no-precipitation days and the maximum amount of daily evapotranspiration during them determine the possible timing of drought; however, it is the precipitation distribution in individual months, considered in the current CWB values, that ultimately determine the formation of soil water resources at the research site.

5

Skuteczność usuwania zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych pochodzących z wód spływających z uszczelnionych powierzchni w oddzielaczu cieczy lekkich

Krukowski Marcin, Siwicki Piotr, Brandyk Andrzej, Kubrak Janusz, Kozioł Adam, Kiczko Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2022

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Nr 81

47--61

PL

Przedmiotem przeprowadzonych badań technologicznych był zaprojektowany prototyp oddzielacza cieczy lekkich (własne rozwiązanie producenta krajowego) – urządzenia powszechnie stosowanego w inżynierii sanitarnej do usuwania (podczyszczania) ze ścieków węglowodorów ropopochodnych. Warunkiem dopuszczenia urządzenia do stosowania go w praktyce inżynierskiej w instalacjach kanalizacyjnych jest uzyskanie odpowiednich pozwoleń. W tym celu na potrzeby producenta zostały wykonane odpowiednie badania oddzielacza na przygotowanym stanowisku doświadczalnym, zgodnie z obowiązującymi wytycznymi (normą). Zasadniczym celem była ocena efektywności usuwania (podczyszczania) węglowodorów ropopochodnych przez prototyp oddzielacza, w którym zastosowany został system podczyszczania w postaci lamelowego pakietu zaprojektowanego na przepływ nominalny Q = 1,5 l/s, oraz zaprojektowanego przez producenta (własna koncepcja) zbiorczego układu odpływowego ścieków z urządzenia. Dodatkowo określono sprawność oddzielacza przy zmiennym przeciążaniu hydraulicznym oraz sprawdzono odporność urządzenia na wymywanie zgromadzonej objętości węglowodorów ropopochodnych przy przepływie maksymalnym (zaprojektowany na pięciokrotne zwiększenie przepływu nominalnego). Uzyskane wyniki z przeprowadzonych badań technologicznych pozwoliły wykazać, czy zaprojektowany prototyp (koncepcja producenta) oddzielacza został zaprojektowany prawidłowo, spełniając wymagania określone w obowiązujących przepisach oraz dodatkowo wybranych kryteriach technologicznych.

EN

The subject of conducted technological research was the designed prototype of a light liquids separator (own solution devised by a domestic manufacturer). The device is commonly used in sanitary engineering to remove (pretreat) petroleum hydrocarbons from wastewater. Approval of the device for use in engineering practice in sewerage systems necessitates obtaining the relevant permits. For this purpose, appropriate tests of the separator were carried out on a prepared test bench for needs of the manufacturer, in accordance with the applicable guidelines (standard). The main objective was to evaluate the efficiency of removal (sub-treatment) of petroleum hydrocarbons by the prototype separator, in which the sub-treatment system was applied in the form of a lamella package, designed for a nominal flow of Q = 1.5 l/s and the original drainage system of the device. Additionally, the efficiency of the separator was determined at variable hydraulic overloading and the resistance of the device to washing out the accumulated volume of petroleum hydrocarbons at maximum flow (designed for five times the nominal flow) was controlled. The results obtained from the conducted technological tests allowed proving whether the designed prototype (producer’s concept) of the separator has been designed properly, in a way meeting the requirements specified in valid regulations and additionally selected technological criteria.

6

Estimation of Organic Soils Subsidence in the Vicinity of Hydraulic Structures – Case Study of a Subirrigation System in Central Poland

Brandyk Andrzej, Oleszczuk Ryszard, Urbański Janusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

64--74

EN

The consequences of organic soil subsidence gained considerable importance in a wide range of scientific literature. Since most of the works focused mainly on the subsidence of the land surface, less attention was paid to the effects on hydraulic structures, either to their malfunctioning or to the proper management of the subirrigation systems. For the reasons mentioned above, the paper considers the selected technical parameters (underground pipelines covering thickness and soil subsidence behind inlet and outlet protections) of 37 culverts (communication structures) and 42 culvert-gates (communication and water damming). All the structures were located within the area of a subirrigation system on the previously drained organic soils (Solec system, Mazovian Voivodship, 30 km south of Warsaw). They underwent field measurements of the pipelines covering subsidence and land surface lowering behind their protections on the left and right side of the inlet and outlet section. The achieved results were confronted with the adopted limit and admissible values. Due to the progressing congestion and subsidence of organic soil, the covering thickness of pipelines did not exceed the limit value for 38.5% of the culverts and 36% of culvert-gates. From a long-term perspective (1971–2014) the average subsidence rates in the vicinity of the structures and surrounding peatland surface were found as comparable, ranging from 0.63 to 0.83 cm/year. Particular attention was paid to the influence of water damming that was evident for the inlet sections of culvertgates showing considerably lower subsidence and damage degree.