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1

Risk and quality management in maritime transport of live animals – Analysis of EU regulations and challenges in occupational safety and animal welfare

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 82 (154)

48--57

EN

The aim of this article is to identify and assess environmental, organizational, and technical risks associated with the maritime transport of live animals, with a particular emphasis on their impact on the quality of transport processes, animal welfare, and the occupational health and safety of ship crews. Despite the existence of European Union regulations such as Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/372, which establish minimum standards for space, ventilation, access to water, contingency planning, and port infrastructure, significant shortcomings in the organization and quality of transport persist in practice. Inadequate onboard infrastructure, failures of ventilation, feeding and watering systems, and overcrowding lead to stress, dehydration, and disease in animals, which increase the risk of injuries. At the same time, crew members are exposed to harmful factors such as toxic gases, animal waste, slippery surfaces, and extreme temperatures. Poorly organized loading and unloading procedures further escalate the risk of accidents and negatively affect the quality of service provided during transport. This article proposes quality-oriented management actions to improve transport safety and animal welfare, such as the implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, mandatory presence of animal welfare specialists on board, regular technical inspections of vessels, and systematic training for crew members.

2

Development of a New Instrument for Measuring Psychological Factors Specific to the Activity of Seafarers

Arslan Aykut, Usluer Hasan Bora, Akturan Abdulkadir, Efiloğlu Başak Ersin

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 1

39--46

EN

Researchers are increasingly recognizing the importance of seafarers' psychological well-being in maritime contexts, reflecting the profound mental health challenges associated with life at sea. Seafarers endure extended periods of isolation, demanding work schedules, and restricted access to psychosocial support, all of which contribute to elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Although these issues are well-documented, the field lacks a standardized psychological assessment tool specifically designed for this occupational group. Existing instruments, such as the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), offer limited insight into the unique stressors faced by seafarers. Consequently, this paper advocates for the development of a psychometrically sound, occupation-specific psychological scale to assess seafarers’ mental health. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the study identifies core psychological constructs relevant to seafaring, including occupational stress, isolation, resilience, job satisfaction, and mental health symptoms. The proposed methodology encompasses a multi-phase approach, involving construct identification, item development, scale validation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and pilot testing with a representative sample of seafarers. Cultural and contextual sensitivity is emphasized throughout, acknowledging the diversity of maritime crews. The development of this specialized tool is crucial for improving mental health interventions, enhancing operational safety, and supporting the long-term well-being of maritime personnel. A validated instrument would enable maritime organizations, researchers, and policymakers to systematically evaluate psychological risks, implement timely support mechanisms, and foster healthier work environments. Furthermore, it holds the potential to inform policy reforms and occupational health practices, ensuring that seafarers receive the targeted mental health care they require. In doing so, this research aims to valorise the importance of psychology in maritime affairs in order to promote sustainable workforce well-being across the global maritime industry.

3

Identification of the electromagnetic field of a laboratory bench with a low-temperature plasma generator

Dróżdż Tomasz, Kiełbasa Paweł, Akinsunmade Akinniyi

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2025

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R. 101, nr 1

140--143

EN

The aim of the study was to identify the electromagnetic field generated by a cold plasma generator in the working space of the personnel operating this apparatus. The cold plasma generator is constructed with two half-bridges in an H configuration on MOSFET transistors feeding a resonant circuit with a high-voltage transformer. The secondary winding supplies the ionising electrode with 7.5 kV. The sinusoidal waveform of the generator is modulated with an adjustable frequency in the range 0 - 350 Hz and an adjustable pulse filling in the range 0-100%. Tests were carried out with a frequency of 50Hz and a pulse fill factor of 10%. It was noted that EMF levels do not pose a risk to personnel operating the cold plasma generator. However, it should be noted that the device's parameter settings were set to the minimum, which translated into the propagation of the electromagnetic field, both the electric component, the magnetic component and the power density. It was found that the highest variation was characteristic of the magnetic component of the analysed electromagnetic field propagation. In the case of the electric component, the variation of values was much smaller.

PL

Celem badań była identyfikacja pola elektromagnetycznego generowanego przez generatora zimnej plazmy w przestrzeni pracy personelu obsługującego tą aparaturę. Generator zimnej plazmy jest zbudowany z dwóch półmostków w konfiguracji H na tranzystorach MOSFET zasilających obwód rezonansowy z transformatorem wysokiego napięcia. Uzwojenie wtórne zasila elektrodę jonizującą napięciem 7,5 kV. Przebieg sinusoidalny generatora jest modulowany z regulowaną częstotliwością w zakresie 0 - 350 Hz i regulowanym wypełnieniem impulsu w zakresie 0 100%. Testy zostały przeprowadzone z częstotliwością 50Hz i współczynniku wypełnienia impulsu wynoszącym 10%. Odnotowano, że poziomy pól elektromagnetycznych nie stanowią zagrożenia dla personelu obsługującego generator zimnej plazmy. Należy jednak pamiętać, że ustawienia parametrów pracy urządzenia były ustawione na minimum, co przekładało się na propagację pola elektromagnetycznego, zarówno składowej elektrycznej, składowej magnetycznej oraz gęstości mocy. Stwierdzono, że najwyższe zróżnicowanie było charakterystyczne dla składowej magnetycznej analizowanej propagacji pola elektromagnetycznego. W przypadku składowej elektrycznej zróżnicowanie wartości było znacznie mniejsze.

4

The effects of Lean and people’s behaviours on Occupational Safety

Carlos Sá José, Oliveira Ana, Hines Peter, Mourão Filipa, McDermott Olivia, Marques Pedro Alexandre, Zouari Alaeddine, Pathania Abhilash, Ulewicz Robert

Production Engineering Archives

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2025

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Vol. 31, Iss. 1

1--14

EN

Lean methodologies have been implemented in various sectors, helping to improve the overall efficiency and performance of organisations. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between Lean and occupational safety and its impact on people's behaviour. To this end, a survey was developed and a statistical study carried out. The survey was sent to 4381 companies, from which 289 responses were received from 12 different countries. The Cronbach's alpha value obtained was greater than 0.86, which indicates that the internal reliability/consistency of the results is very good. Through the statistical study it was possible to conclude that the approaches with the greatest contribution to cultural change in terms of occupational safety are 5S, Standard Work and TPM. It was also concluded that the implementation of Lean practices has a positive impact on people's behaviour, and that these results differ depending on whether the company is located in Portugal or not. Furthermore, Lean proved to have a very positive impact on performance indicators, especially in companies located in Portugal, regardless of the sector of activity. The results also show that the contribution of Lean management to occupational safety system is very important in different sectors and is influenced by the sector of activity and by the company's location, and that the impact of the occupational safety system on people's behaviour was considered very important, with little influence from the company's location and no influence from the sector of activity. This comprehensive research provides a body of knowledge that is expected to provide positive insights for Lean practitioners, managers and academics

5

Occupational safety and construction and operational solutions for green roofs

Dawczyński Szymon

Materiały Budowlane

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2025

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nr 9

192--200

EN

The paper addresses occupational safety in the context of the design, construction and operation of green roofs. Key design solutions to reduce occupational risks are presented, including belay systems, technical paths and edge protection. The specifics of operational work and the associated risks are also discussed. The need to integrate health and safety principles right from the design stage and the importance of systematic inspection and training of personnel was emphasised.

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę bezpieczeństwa pracy w kontekście projektowania, wykonawstwa i eksploatacji dachów zielonych. Przedstawiono kluczowe rozwiązania konstrukcyjne ograniczające ryzyko zawodowe, w tym systemy asekuracyjne, ścieżki techniczne oraz zabezpieczenia krawędziowe. Omówiono także specyfikę prac eksploatacyjnych i związane z nimi zagrożenia. Podkreślono konieczność uwzględnienia zasad BHP już na etapie projektowania oraz znaczenie systematycznej kontroli i szkoleń dla personelu.

6

Zero wypadków...Co na to psychologia?

Znajmiecka-Sikora Marta

Kierunek Spożywczy

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2025

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Nr 2

40-42

PL

Czy możliwa jest dzisiaj - w zakresie kreowania bezpiecznego środowiska pracy - realizacja słynnego celu „zero wypadków”? Odpowiedź na to pytanie możemy znaleźć m.in. w psychologii, a szczególnie w jej wąskiej specjalizacji - psychologii bezpieczeństwa.

7

Lokalizacja i wymagania dotyczące pomieszczeń technicznych dla instalatorów

Gogojewicz Przemysław

Chłodnictwo i Klimatyzacja

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2025

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nr 4

32--34

PL

Zgodnie z Rozporządzeniem Ministra Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej z 28 sierpnia 2003 roku w sprawie ogólnych przepisów bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy, obowiązek utrzymywania pomieszczeń pracy dla instalatorów i innych pracowników w należytym stanie należy do pracodawcy. Pracodawca powinien także utrzymywać w czystości i porządku takie pomierzenia pracy jak maszynownie czy duże pomieszczenia biurowe oraz zapewnić ich okresowe remonty i konserwacje w celu zachowania wymagań bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy.

8

Praca w przestrzeniach zamkniętych - charakterystyka, identyfikacja zagrożeń

Wyrwik Szymon, Rokicka-Zielińska Joanna, Kossobudzka Anna

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 4 (86)

84-86

9

Work safety during the injection molding process of polymer materials

Caban Renata, Dudek Agata, Pietraszek Jacek

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

320--329

EN

Injection molding is one of the fundamental processes used in the processing of widely utilized engineering materials, such as polymer materials. The injection molding method is commonly employed in the processing of both thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Despite the various technical measures implemented by manufacturers to mitigate risks to operators and the environment, injection molding machines still present potential hazards that could lead to accidents. This paper will describe the hazards associated with operating injection molding machines, as well as the preventive measures used by designers and those involved in the injection molding process. In the context of material modification, particularly polymer materials, injection molding plays a crucial role not only in shaping components but also in modifying the material properties. The ability to modify polymers during the injection molding process, such as through the inclusion of additives or reinforcements, allows for the creation of materials with enhanced mechanical properties, thermal resistance, or other desired characteristics. The safe and efficient execution of these processes requires a thorough understanding of both the material behavior and the potential operational hazards associated with the molding machines. This paper will also touch on how these material modifications impact the safety protocols and preventive measures in place to ensure smooth operation.

10

The impact of Agriculture 4.0 on workplace safety in animal handling

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

60--68

EN

The article examines the impact of Agriculture 4.0 technologies on workplace safety in animal handling. Agriculture 4.0, inspired by the concept of Industry 4.0, incorporates innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, and automation, which streamline production processes and promote sustainable development. Despite the benefits of automation, such as reducing physical injury risks and enabling animal health monitoring, new challenges arise concerning potential health and psychological hazards for workers. These challenges stem from the need to adapt to advanced technologies and decreased vigilance in monitoring animal behaviors. The article highlights the necessity for comprehensive worker training and the implementation of safety standards that minimize risks associated with modern agricultural technologies.

11

AI integration and economic divides: analyzing global AI strategies

Gualandri Fabio, Kuzior Aleksandra

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

46--53

EN

This study investigates the impact of socio-economic factors on national AI strategies in India, Bangladesh, Germany, UAE, Egypt, and the USA through quantitative content analysis. The analysis explores the correlation between GDP per capita, the share of manufacturing, and the frequency of risk-related terms in AI strategy documents. It is found that wealthier nations emphasize AI risks more, correlating with deeper technological integration into their societal structures. Conversely, the emphasis on AI risks shows a weak correlation with the share of manufacturing, indicating broader AI impacts in service-oriented sectors. Lower-middle-income countries appear more optimistic, focusing on AI's economic benefits. The study underscores the need for balanced AI strategies that promote innovation while ensuring worker well-being, advocating for adaptive governance frameworks that enhance workplace safety and efficiency.

12

Zero wypadków...co na to psychologia?

Znajmiecka Marta

Kierunek Chemia

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2024

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Nr 3

42-44

PL

Czy możliwa jest dzisiaj - w zakresie kreowania bezpiecznego środowiska pracy - realizacja słynnego celu „zero wypadków”? Odpowiedź na to pytanie możemy znaleźć m.in. w psychologii, a szczególnie w jej wąskiej specjalizacji - psychologii bezpieczeństwa.

13

Research on the Distribution of Axial Excitation of Positive Pressure Ventilators in the Aspect of Stability Safety of the Load-Bearing Frame

Wieczorek Bartosz, Kaczmarzyk Piotr, Warguła Łukasz, Giedrowicz Marcin, Bąk Damian, Gierz Łukasz, Stambolov Grigor, Kostov Boris

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 1

142--154

EN

Positive pressure ventilators are exposed to self-shifting during their operation. The aim of the article was to perform research analysing dynamic excitations resulting from vibrations caused by the operation of the drive system. The tests included four different fans, including one with an electric drive. The tests carried out made it possible to determine the effective RMS R value of vibrations, which is a maximum of 0.970 G, and the direction of the excitation relative to the vertical and horizontal axes. In addition, the values of vibration amplitudes on individual axes of the adopted reference system were determined. In this case, the highest values were measured on the vertical axes for combustion-powered ventilators (vibration value from 20 to 35 m/s2 ) and in the axis along the fan rotor for electric-powered ventilators (vibration value from 1.1 m/s2).

14

Wyniki kontroli małych placów budów na Dolnym Śląsku

Siegieda Jarosław

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

144--148

PL

W artykule zamieszczono wyniki kontroli przeprowadzonych na małych placach budowy na terenie województwa dolnośląskiego w 2022 i 2023 roku. Za małą budowę należy uznawać miejsce prowadzenia prac budowlanych, na którym pracę wykonuje do 20 osób w tym samym czasie. Zakres kontroli obejmował: zagospodarowanie terenu budowy, przygotowanie do pracy, przygotowanie i organizacja budowy, stanowiska pracy, roboty ziemne i wykopy, prace na wysokości, rusztowania, maszyny i urządzenia techniczne, substancje i mieszaniny chemiczne, urządzenia i instalacje elektryczne. Najwyższy odsetek stwierdzonych nieprawidłowości dotyczył przygotowania pracowników do pracy, prac na wysokości oraz rusztowań budowlanych. Skala naruszeń przepisów, a także liczba bezpośrednich zagrożeń ujawnionych podczas kontroli małych placów budów wskazuje na konieczność działań mających na celu dostosowywanie do standardów europejskich mniejszych przedsiębiorstw budowlanych.

EN

The article includes the results of inspections carried out at small construction sites in the Lower Silesian province in 2022 and 2023. The audit scope included: development of the construction site, preparation for work, preparation and organization of construction, workstations, Earthworks and excavation, work at height, scaffolding, machinery and technical equipment, chemical substances and mixtures, electrical equipment and installations. The highest percentage of irregularities found concerned the preparation of workers for work, work at height and construction scaffolding. The scale of violations as well as the number of direct hazards revealed during inspections of small construction sites indicates the need for measures to bring smaller construction companies up to European standards.

15

Wykorzystanie bezzałogowych statków powietrznych w procesie zarządzania bezpieczeństwem pracy w budownictwie

Nowobilski Tomasz, Hoła Bożena

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

126--130

PL

Bardzo istotnym elementem wpływającym na poziom bezpieczeństwa pracy w budownictwie jest stosowanie właściwych narzędzi wspomagających zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem pracy podczas prowadzenia prac budowlanych. W ostatnich latach coraz częściej wykorzystuje się w tym celu nowe technologie, do których należy zaliczyć bezzałogowe statki powietrzne. Celem artykułu jest analiza możliwości wykorzystania dronów w procesie zarządzania bezpieczeństwem pracy w budownictwie, z uwzględnieniem korzyści i ograniczeń płynących z zastosowania tej technologii w praktyce. Dodatkowo autorzy artykułu zwrócili również uwagę na nowe, niewystępujące dotychczas, źródła zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa pracy jakie generuje wykorzystanie dronów w procesie budowlanym.

EN

A very important element affecting the level of occupational safety in construction is the use of appropriate tools to assist in the management of safety during construction work. In recent years, new technologies, which include unmanned aerial vehicles, have been increasingly used for this purpose. This article aims to analyse the possibility of using drones in the construction safety management process, taking into account the benefits and limitations of using this technology in practice. In addition, the authors of the article also highlighted new sources of occupational safety risks generated by the use of drones in the construction process, which have not occurred before.

16

Wirtualne środowisko szkoleniowe dla zrobotyzowanych i zautomatyzowanych terenów budowy

Szóstak Mariusz, Hoła Bożena, Nowobilski Tomasz, Grzempowski Piotr

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

167--170

PL

Nieustanny postęp technologiczny prowadzi do coraz większego uzależnienia pracowników budowlanych od zrobotyzowanych i zautomatyzowanych maszyn budowlanych. Pomimo wielu korzyści płynących z automatyzacji i robotyzacji sektora budowlanego istnieje wiele zagrożeń związanych ze stosowaniem zaawansowanych technologii. Pojawiające się nowe zagrożenia, które wynikają z interakcji maszyna/robot-człowiek, mogą zostać zminimalizowane poprzez poprawę jakości prowadzonych szkoleń pracowników. Jedną z możliwości podniesienia jakości takiego procesu jest prowadzenie szkoleń w warunkach wirtualnej rzeczywistości. W artykule przedstawiono wirtualne środowisko szkoleniowe dla zrobotyzowanych i zautomatyzowanych terenów budowy oraz wyniki uzyskane na podstawie kursu pilotażowego przeprowadzonego w ramach projektu o akronimie SafeCROBOT.

EN

Constant technological progress leads to an increasing dependence of construction workers on robotic and automated construction machines. Despite the many benefits of automation and robotization in the construction sector, there are many risks associated with the use of advanced technologies. Emerging new threats resulting from machine/robot-human interaction can be minimized by improving the quality of employee training. One of the possibilities to improve the quality of such a process is to conduct training in virtual reality. The article presents a virtual training environment for robotic and automated construction sites and the results obtained on the basis of a pilot course conducted as part of the project acronym SafeCROBOT.

17

Formalne i praktyczne kwalifikacje koordynatora bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy na terenie budowy

Smoliński Dariusz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

153--156

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań odnoszące się do kwalifikacji, wiedzy i umiejętności kierowników budowy w obszarze zarządzania bezpieczeństwem i higieną pracy, w tym sporządzania planów bezpieczeństwa i ochrony zdrowia. Przedstawiono także propozycję ram kształcenia dla koordynatorów w obszarze bezpieczeństwa i ochrony zdrowia w budownictwie.

EN

The article presents the results of research relating to the qualifications, knowledge and skills of site managers in the area of occupational health and safety management, including the preparation of health and safety plans. A proposal for a training framework for coordinators in the field of safety and health in construction was also presented.

18

Wspólnotowe regulacje prawne dotyczące bezpieczeństwa pracy na budowie i ich implementacja do prawa polskiego

Harat Andrzej

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

|

2023

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Vol. 6 (26)

46--56

EN

There is no doubt that the issues related to safety and health protection as well as accident prevention should be considered an important element of every investment and construction process. For this reason, numerous regulations in both the Community and Polish legal order have been imposed in this area. The Community regulations include numerous Community directives. The most important from the point of view of work safety in the construction process is the so-called framework directive of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to im-prove occupational safety and health, and the eighth individual directive of 24 June 1992 on the implementation of minimum safety and health requirements at temporary and mobile construction sites. Owing to the above-mentioned legal acts, the minimum requirements re-garding occupational safety in the investment process have been unified at the Community level. This is very important due to the principle of free movement of workers introduced on the basis of Art. 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The Community legal regulations clearly emphasize the full responsibility of employers in this respect and, in relation to the investment and construction process, the responsibility of investors or substitute inves-tors. The EU regulations were implemented into the Polish legal order by adopting the generally applicable legal acts - the Construction Law, and the regulation on information regarding health and safety, as well as the health and safety plan. The aforesaid regulations and, above all, the health and safety plan prepared on their basis are aimed at identifying hazards in the workplace and implementing solutions to prevent them at the investment implementation stage.

19

Assessment of the impact of working risks in the exploitation of raw materials

Seňová Andrea, Pavolová Henrieta, Škvareková Erika

Management Systems in Production Engineering

|

2023

|

nr 1 (31)

86--94

EN

The presented article deals with the use and evaluation of individual risks of work in the environment of Slovak mining company. The mining company is also a manufacturing company. The company mines the raw material and the final product (clinker). The main goal of the article is to monitor the incidence of accidents over the last 10 years, to analyse the group of risks that have a significant impact on accidents in mining companies and to evaluate them. The Risk Matrix, shows the relationship between estimated consequences and probability of risks formation. The next step is to use the workplace Risk Assessment Method to define acceptable risks and minimize the impact on workers. Another method we used is the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) model. The output of the FTA model is the creation of a faulty tree, which resulted in the individual traumatized accidents that resulted in the definition of the resulting risk - namely a load injury.

20

Środki komunikacji wizualnej wykorzystywane w kształtowaniu postaw wobec bezpieczeństwa pracy

Szczygielska Agnieszka

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2023

|

nr 4

15-21

PL

Związek komunikacji wizualnej z problematyką bezpieczeństwa pracy i ochrony zdrowia ma w Polsce długoletnią tradycję. Jej początków upatruje się w okresie międzywojennym, kiedy to artyści reprezentujący sztuki plastyczne zaczęli podejmować w swoich pracach tematy ważne społecznie i tworzyć materiały wizualne o charakterze informacyjnym i edukacyjnym, m.in. w formie plakatów dotyczących bezpieczeństwa pracy. Obecnie materiały takie powstają m.in. w wyniku działań Centralnego Instytutu Ochrony Pracy - Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego oraz współpracujących z nim instytucji i przedsiębiorstw. W artykule podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania środków wizualnych stosowanych obecnie w działaniach z zakresu kształtowania postaw wobec bezpieczeństwa pracy. Tego typu materiały odgrywają bowiem istotną rolę w kształtowaniu kultury bezpieczeństwa pracy - są źródłem informacji z zakresu bhp, odbieranych wzrokowo. W artykule omówiono: plakaty bezpieczeństwa pracy, infografiki, fotografie, filmy oraz animacje.

EN

The connection between visual communication and occupational safety and health has a long tradition in Poland. The beginnings are seen in the interwar period, when artists representing the visual arts began to take up socially important topics in their works and create visual materials of an informative and educational nature, e.g. in the form of occupational safety posters. Currently, such materials are being developed, e.g. as a result of the activities of the Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute and institutions and enterprises cooperating with it. The article attempts to characterize visual tools currently used in activities in the field of shaping pro-safe attitudes towards workplace safety. They play an important role in shaping attitudes towards work safety by providing visual information on workplace safety. The article discusses: occupational safety posters, infographics, photographs, videos and animations.