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1

Trends and variability of seasonal rainfall in Ethiopian River basins: implications for water resource management

Mekonnen Melkamu Belay, Wondie Menale, Addisu Solomon

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2026

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Vol. 14, Iss. 1

27--46

EN

This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall across Ethiopia’s major river basins using gauge observations and CHIRPS data for the period 1981-2023. Ethiopia’s estimated mean annual rainfall is ~813.8 mm, but its distribution is highly uneven. The western basins Abay, Baro, and Omo receive more than 52% of the national total, highlighting their central role in the country’s hydrology. Kiremit (June-September) is the dominant rainy season, contributing about 58.2% of annual rainfall nationwide. In contrast, Belg (February-May) and Bega (October-January) rainfall amounts are especially important in southeastern basins such as Genale and Shebele-Ogaden, where agriculture and pastoral livelihoods depend heavily on seasonal rainfall outside the main rainy period. Trend analysis shows that rainfall has generally increased across Ethiopia, with about 88% of the time series exhibiting positive trends. The strongest increases are observed in the Abay and Baro basins, where annual rainfall has risen by up to 8.1 mm per year. In contrast, Belg rainfall shows declining trends in the Awash, Genale, and Shebele-Ogaden basins, and the Shebele-Ogaden basin also exhibits decreases in both Kiremit and annual rainfall. Variability analysis indicates that rainfall is most stable in the Abay and Baro basins (CV ≈ 0.09) and most variable in the Tekeze-Mereb and Denakil basins (coefficient of variation, CV >0.3). Overall, the results highlight growing basin-to-basin differences in rainfall behavior and point to the need for basin-specific water and agricultural management strategies to strengthen climate resilience.

2

Financial inclusion and territorial cohesion: contributions of Polish credit cooperatives

Jorge-Vazquez Javier, Sastre-Hernandez Beatríz María, Nañez Alonso Sergio Luis, Kolegowicz Konrad, Ziębicki Bernard, Prusinowski Michał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 229

235--251

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the role of credit unions (SKOKs – Spółdzielcze Kasy Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowe) in promoting financial inclusion and their impact on regional economic development in Poland. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the spatial distribution of these institutions and identifying their contribution to improving access to financial services in areas at risk of financial exclusion. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a quantitative approach, combining spatial analysis techniques with econometric modeling using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The analysis covers data on the number of SKOK branches in Poland from 2010 to 2020, along with selected socio-economic variables (income levels, employment, entrepreneurship, population density) at the voivodeship (regional) level. The objective is to identify the relationships between the presence of SKOKs and indicators of local development and financial inclusion. Findings: The findings confirm a significant positive impact of credit unions on financial inclusion and regional economic development thus directly supporting SDG 1.4 (access to basic services) and SDG 8.10 (strengthen capacity of domestic financial institutions). SKOKs are more frequently present in regions with lower GDP per capita, higher unemployment, and lower business density, indicating their role in compensating for the lack of commercial financial institutions. Correlation and regression analyses reveal negative relationships between SKOK density and levels of economic development, which supports the hypothesis that credit unions perform a supportive function in economically disadvantaged areas. Research limitations/implications: One limitation of the study is its macro-regional character, as the analysis was conducted at the voivodeship level, which may not capture micro-regional or local effects. Additionally, the regression model is based on cross-sectional data, which limits the ability to draw causal inferences. Future research should consider panel data analysis and extend the spatial scope to include counties or municipalities.Practical implications: The study provides practical insights for public policy in combating financial exclusion. The results support the need to strengthen the role of SKOKs in regional development policies and to support their presence in areas at risk of financial marginalization. From the perspective of policymakers and financial market regulators, the findings justify the promotion of the cooperative model as an effective tool for supporting local development. Social implications: The research highlights the potential positive role of SKOKs in reducing territorial disparities and fostering socio-economic integration of residents in less developed regions. By providing access to basic financial services, these institutions can stimulate economic activity, improve quality of life, and strengthen social cohesion. More broadly, the presence of SKOKs contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in terms of poverty reduction and the promotion of inclusive economic growth. Specifically, SKOK's greater presence in impoverished rural areas facilitates the achievement of goal 1.4 (universal access to basic financial services). Similarly, the density of SKOK branches per 100,000 inhabitants acts as a proxy for institutional capacity to promote inclusive growth. Originality/value: This study adds new value to the literature by offering the first nationwide analysis of the impact of SKOKs on regional development and financial inclusion in Poland, using spatial and econometric methods. Previous studies have typically focused on selected regions or qualitative aspects; this study identifies systemic relationships and provides empirical evidence valuable for academics, policymakers, and economic practitioners.

3

3D Modeling of Emergency Helicopter Landing Sites or HEMS Using Integrated LiDAR and Photogrammetric Data

Żukowska Marta, Miduch Piotr, Szczepański Paweł

Safety & Defense

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2025

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2

54--63

EN

This article presents a method for 3D modeling and an analysis of potential emergency helicopter landing sites using integrated LiDAR and photogrammetric data to support Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) operations. This method integrates airborne laser scanning data, high resolution digital terrain and surface models, and advanced GIS tools to evaluate terrain conditions, detect obstacles, and model obstacle limitation surfaces in accordance with ICAO and national aviation regulations. This method was also tested on a section of the A4 motorway (Wrocław–Opole), identifying the most operationally favorable location. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining 3D geospatial data with GIS based analytical procedures in supporting decision making processes related to helicopter landing site planning. This approach can be applied to other regions and transport infrastructures to enhance emergency response capabilities. Moreover, it provides a robust framework for integrating geospatial analysis into aviation safety and urban planning initiatives.

4

Methodology for geoinformation modeling of microelement distribution in surface waters: Case study of the Poltava Region (Ukraine)

Klypa Andrii Volodymyrovych, Karpinskyi Yurii Oleksandrovych

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2025

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Vol. 120

25--30

EN

The article presents an analysis of current research focused on the use of geoinformation technologies for environmental monitoring. A methodology for geoinformation modeling of microelement distribution in surface waters was developed and tested using the example of the Poltava region. The methodology includes stages of preliminary data processing, interpolation using the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) method, and spatial analysis of the obtained results. Based on the modeling outcomes, a cartographic model was created that enabled the identification of areas with elevated barium content. It was established that the area of such zones increased from 4.24% to 37.55% in the period 1991-1993 compared to 1985-1988. A generalized scheme for the environmental assessment of impact on natural components was proposed, which can be adapted to monitoring the condition of water bodies in various regions. The proposed approach can be used to assess anthropogenic pressure, including the impact of military actions, on the quality of surface waters.

5

Analiza potencjału surowcowego w otoczeniu Centralnego Portu Komunikacyjnego

Machniak Łukasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 7

659--665

EN

The planned construction of the Central Transport Hub (CTH) requires securing vast quantities of mineral resources, particularly for the execution of large-scale earthworks. This article analyess the estimated demand for material, which, in the most likely scenario, exceeds 30 million tonnes, with the peak expected to occur in 2027-2028. An assessment was conducted to dermine the availability of mineral resources within a radius of 20-80 kilometres of the project site. The results indicate that the immediate vicinity of the CTH lacks the extraction capacity required to meet the projected demand. Effectively meeting these needs will require the exploitation of selected, currently undeveloped deposits. However, the development of these deposits is constrained by existing spatial planning regulations, which, in many cases, prevent extraction from beginning within the anticipated timeframe.

6

Geospatial analysis of the sand market as a factor in selecting the location of a plant producing dry mortar mixtures

Machniak Łukasz, Łochańska Dorota

Materiały Budowlane

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2025

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nr 8

89--100

EN

The purpose of the study was to apply GIS to analyze sand availability in selecting the location of a dry mix plant. Geospatial analysis showed that only 18% of the country’s area met the minimum assumed location criteria. This proves that the sand availability factor can be important in site selection together with other factors, i.e.: availability of transportation infrastructure, demand for final products, competitive analysis, as well as land use, regulatory and environmental aspects.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy zastosowania GIS do analizy dostępności piasku przy wyborze lokalizacji zakładu produkcji suchych mieszanek. Analiza geoprzestrzenna wykazała, że tylko 18% powierzchni kraju spełnia minimalne założone kryteria lokalizacyjne. Dowodzi to, że czynnik dostępności piasku może mieć istotne znaczenie w doborze lokalizacji wspólnie z innymi czynnikami, tj. dostępność infrastruktury transportowej, popyt na produkty końcowe, analiza konkurencji, a także aspekty związane z zagospodarowaniem przestrzennym, regulacjami prawnymi oraz ochroną środowiska.

7

Method for determining influence of proximity to lake on undeveloped land prices : A case study of the Czorsztyn Reservoir

Bitner Agnieszka, Frosik Małgorzata A., Bożek Piotr

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 67

264--271

EN

Empirical studies consistently demonstrate a positive correlation between proximity to environmental amenities - particularly blue spaces such as lakes and coastlines - and property values. This study aims to assess how proximity to a lake influences the prices of undeveloped investment land using an averaging method to isolate this specific attribute. The research methodology based on spatial analysis and linear regression was designed to maximise automation in determining the relationship between land prices and the distance from the lake through standardisation and algorithmisation of the process. This standardisation enhances the applicability of the results to other areas with similar characteristics. The study area encompasses a 3,000-metre-wide buffer zone surrounding Lake Czorsztyn, located in southern Poland. The results indicate that with every 100-metre increase in distance from the lake, the price of land within the study area decreases by an average of 2.1%. This quantitative relationship can be directly applied in real estate valuation. The findings can also support spatial planning aligned with the principles of sustainable development. Accounting for economic factors - such as the impact of proximity to the lake on land values - enables more rational land-use decisions that consider both environmental and economic aspects of the region.

8

Assessing solid waste mismanagement in Tripoli, Lebanon, using GIS: a spatial analysis with the SWEPT model

Akkari Douha

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2025

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Vol. 5, no. 1

139--166

EN

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of solid waste management in Tripoli, Lebanon, using the SWEPT model a suitability model incorporating multiple criteria to assess potential sites for recycling and waste management initiatives. The SWEPT model considers socio-economic factors, waste characteristics, environmental pollution, and topographical conditions, assigning each location a suitability score that ranges from unsuitable to very high suitability. The model allows for a comprehensive evaluation of potential sites for recycling and waste management infrastructure in Tripoli, taking into account the complex urban and socio-economic conditions that affect the city's waste management system. The model's validation is achieved through a matrix analysis, which compares the suitability of the selected sites for recycling with existing waste collection points. This approach ensures that the chosen sites are both strategically located and viable for implementation. By integrating GIS technology and spatial analysis, the study provides a clear visualization of the relationships between various urban planning challenges and waste management issues in Tripoli. Through these analyses, the paper offers evidence¬based recommendations for improving waste management practices, enhancing the city's infrastructure, and addressing broader environmental concerns.

9

Quantifying the Digital Divide: A Data-Driven Approach with EFA, Shannon Entropy and Sensitivity Testing

Petkovski Ivana, Vranić Petar

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 50, No. 4

511--536

EN

In the digital world, inequalities in digital participation often arise as a consequence of the uneven distribution of digital resources. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a digital divide index (DDI) that facilitates the temporal and spatial examination of disparities in the availability and quality of internet access, internet use and outcomes. Empirical data for 27 European countries were collected from online available datasets for 2014 and 2022. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify factors in DDI, while the weight values were calculated using the Shannon entropy method. The average difference in DDI scores indicates a spread of the digital divide facilitated by Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Germany, Poland and Slovakia. States in Northern and Central Europe like Norway, Austria and the Czech Republic are at the forefront of achieving digital equality. Spatial analysis reveals that Benelux countries along with Scandinavian countries show the highest levels of DDI, while Southern Europe lags behind. Sensitivity testing results show a stable index structure with variations in the importance of factors not significantly affecting the ranking results.

10

Underground Spaces as Part of Sustainable Urban Development - Functional and Spatial Analysis

Abramiuk Inna, Oliynyk Olena, Hubanishchev Oleh

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2025

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Vol. 35, no. 3

33--47

EN

In many countries of the world, there is a growing interest in underground construction, which is considered an effective solution for improving the efficiency of urban infrastructure and public transport. In addition, it allows the increasing of limited spaces in cities, enables the development of public spaces, and also contributes to solving air and groundwater pollution problems. In the context of the current war situation in Ukraine, there is growing interest in the adaptation of existing underground spaces, in particular those related to urban transport, for educational, cultural, commercial and tourist purposes. This article provides a spatial analysis of selected underground urban structures as an alternative solution in urban design, with a special emphasis on the integration of functions and spatial configuration in the context of sustainable development goals. A spatial analysis based in particular on Space Syntax theory was used to understand the compositional structure of the underground facilities and to identify the relationships between different spaces, including those that shape user movement patterns. Spatial analysis of selected underground objects shows that the design of spaces with cultural and educational functions in an underground context should take into account the appropriate balance between stationery and transit zones. The article also discusses the compatibility of the development of underground urban structures for cultural and educational functions with sustainable development goals, such as resource efficiency, reuse of materials and construction, reducing negative environmental impacts and improving the quality of life of people.

11

Spatial differentiation of the level of ecological development of polish voivodeship

Bluszcz Anna, Tobór-Osadnik Katarzyna, Wyganowska Małgorzata, Mansor Nur Suhaili, Awang Hapini

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

77--88

EN

Purpose: The aim of the research is the evaluation of the ecological state of development based on statistical data from voivodeships in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses selected methods of multivariate comparative analysis, in particular, linear ordering. The analysis of the differentiation of the level of ecological development by voivodeships in Poland made it possible to order the provinces according to the indicators that represent the state of the environmental situation. After the process of ordering, the process of grouping voivodeships was possible. The relevant calculations were made using QGIS and Statistica software. Findings: The result of the analysis presents a tree main cluster with similar voivodeships according to ecological situation. Practical implications: The presented methods enable continuous monitoring and control of progress in the implementation of the assumed ecological goals. Green development assessment methods can also help monitor progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals over time. This can help identify trends and patterns and provide feedback on the effectiveness of policies and programs. The results of the analyses may be a useful tool for monitoring and evaluating Poland's progress in achieving the assumed ecological goals of the European Union by 2030. Originality/value: These studies are a very useful tool in identifying the ecological situation and directing administrative activities to the appropriate regions in the country.

12

Analiza dostępności transportu kolejowego na terenie miasta Chorzów

Janowiec Filip, Soboń Mariusz, Kurzydło Michał

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2024

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nr 10

3--9

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę dostępności pieszej do przystanków i stacji kolejowych na terenie miasta Chorzów, uwzględniając zmiany związane z modernizacją linii kolejowej nr 131. W ramach analizy dokonano charakterystyki poszczególnych kolejowych punktów wymiany podróżnych. Uwzględniono przy tym różne elementy związane z miejscami obsługi pasażerów oraz bezpośrednie ich otoczenie mające wpływ na bezpieczeństwo, komfort oraz sposób przemieszczania się i zachowywania w danej przestrzeni. Na podstawie oceny przestrzennej określonych obszarów możliwe było przeprowadzenie analizy dostępności dla wskazanych punktów odpraw podróżnych. Prace oparto na założeniu, że badania będą porównywać wygląd sieci kolejowej i stacji przed rozpoczęciem przebudowy linii kolejowej nr 131 z jej stanem po zakończeniu modernizacji, kiedy utworzony zostanie docelowy układ stacji i przystanków na terenie Chorzowa. Wyniki analizy dostępności pozwoliły na zaprezentowanie możliwości rozwoju transportu kolejowego, a także przedstawienie propozycji zmian w nowym układzie sieci kolejowej w mieście. Propozycje te dotyczą zarówno istniejących, jak i modernizowanych oraz nowo powstałych stacji/przystanków kolejowych, a także nowych lokalizacji, które mogą przyczynić się do zwiększenia dostępności do transportu kolejowego. Dodatkowo wskazano na inne działania, które warto wdrożyć, aby wpłynąć na popra wę dostępności pieszej do pasażerskiej infrastruktury punktowej.

EN

The article analyses pedestrian accessibility to train stops and stations within the city of Chorzów, taking into account changes related to the modernization of railway line No. 131. The analysis includes short description of train stations and stops. Various elements related to passenger service areas and their immediate surroundings affecting safety, comfort and the way of moving and behaving in space were taken into account. Based on the spatial evaluation of the areas, it was possible to analyse accessibility for passenger service points. The research was based on the assumption that the study would compare the appearance of the rail network and stations before the start of the reconstruction of rail line No. 131 with its condition after the completion of the modernisation, when the target system of train stations and stops in Chorzów will be created. The results of the accessibility analysis made it possible to present opportunities for the improvement of rail transport, as well as to make suggestions for changes in the rail network system in the city. Other improvements that can be made to affect pedestrian accessibility to rail passenger point infrastructure are also indicated.

13

Generating an image of the city structure with the use of mock-ups, 3D models and artificial intelligence on the examples of models of the structure of selected cities of the GZM metropolis

Bradecki Tomasz, Bal Daria, Mól Błażej, Sanigórska Marta

Structure and Environment

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2024

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Vol. 16, no. 4

194--212

EN

Spatial analysis of cities and regions in the field of urban-architectural planning is usually presented in the form of drawings and diagrams. With the development of spatial information and the capabilities of GIS software and the use of database resources, the creation of illustrations of spatial analysis has become more accessible and easier. According to Kevin Lynch’s theory, the image of a city cannot be determined in an automated way, and their identification requires an authorial approach and research. The article presents a series of experiments series, in which an attempt is made to represent the image of the city using mock-ups, 3D models, using augmented reality, as well as artificial intelligence. The authors put forward the thesis that a contemporary, proprietary representation of the city image in the form of models can be an alternative to traditional diagrams representing the basic elements that make up the city image.

PL

Analiza przestrzenna miast i regionów w zakresie planistycznym i urbanistyczno-architektonicznym najczęściej jest przedstawiana w postaci rysunków i schematów, które bazują na podkładach mapowych. Wraz z rozwojem informacji przestrzennej i możliwościami stosowania oprogramowania GIS i wykorzystywaniem zasobów baz danych tworzenie ilustracji analiz przestrzennych stało się bardziej dostępne i łatwiejsze. Według teorii Kevina Lyncha na obraz miasta składają się krawędzie, dominanty, obszary, ścieżki oraz punkty węzłowe, których nie można jednak wyznaczyć w sposób zautomatyzowany, a ich identyfikacja wymaga autorskiego podejścia oraz badań. W artykule przedstawiono serię eksperymentów realizowanych w ramach cyklu modele struktury miasta, w których podjęto próbę reprezentacji obrazu miasta z wykorzystaniem makiet, modeli 3D, z wykorzystaniem rzeczywistości rozszerzonej, a także sztucznej inteligencji. Autorzy stawiają tezę, że współczesne, autorskie przedstawienie obrazu miasta w formie modeli może być alternatywą dla tradycyjnych schematów przedstawiających podstawowe elementy składające się na obraz miasta. Wnioski z badań mogą mieć zastosowania w analizie przestrzennej miast i regionów oraz być wskazówką do rozwoju metod prezentacji ich struktury.

14

Problematyka potencjalnej lokalizacji karpackich grodzisk wczesnośredniowiecznych w oparciu o modelowanie GIS

Konstantinovski Puntos Cyryl

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2024

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T. 22, z. 1(101)

11--40

EN

The research gap is still in studies on the location of Early Medieval hillforts in mountainous areas in Poland. It concerns the difficulties with automatic detection of strategically important places - which are particularly important to geoarchaeological analysis. The most important goal of this study is: to indicate a potential hillfort could be located on the map of Early Medieval Poland. The second goal is: to develop a model of detecting potential archaeological objects and to determine whether these points correlate with current hillforts and the correlation to its extent. After that it's important to find potential archaeological sites based on the developed model. The Polish Carpathians provided a diversified landscape with favourable strategic conditions. For analysis using modern GIS tools, an algorithm was developed based on the Digital Elevation Model, allowing the classification of hills that could have been used by the early medieval population and the Piast Monarchy. The use of this classification makes it easier to recognize whether a given stronghold is in a favourable location for topographic reasons and can be used to search for structures of this type that have not yet been discovered in the field works. Additionally, checking the location conditions and visibility analysis were used to find examples of places outside strategic use in space (lack of protection due to the lack of a nearby hillfort) where an appropriate stronghold should be located. Using the example of one of the potential strongholds (Łososina Dolna), the model was verified to check how well the created model works in practice. In terms of defence, it is a border area, which makes it logical that it was huge in many defensive structures. This opens a lot of research opportunities within this region. As a result, the discussed original model, showing the locations of hillforts and hills, can be more broadly applied to other analysis - conducted by researchers with various specializations. The developed algorithm (after certain changes) can also be used for other mountainous regions.

PL

W studiach nad lokalizacją wczesnośredniowiecznych grodów obszaru górskiego na terenie Polski istnieje ciągle luka poznawcza. Spowodowana jest ona trudnościami z automatycznym wyznaczaniem miejsc istotnych strategicznie, co jest szczególnie ważne do badań geoarcheologicznych. Jednym z wielu niezbadanych terenów pod tym względem są Polskie Karpaty, mające urozmaicony krajobraz, a ponadto sprzyjające warunki strategiczne. Najważniejszym celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie miejsc, gdzie potencjalnie mogłyby znajdować się grody na mapie wczesnośredniowiecznej Polski, dopiero co się tworzącej. Drugim celem jest opracowanie modelu detekcji potencjalnych obiektów archeologicznych oraz określenie czy punkty te korelują z obecnymi grodziskami i w jakim stopniu, a także znalezienie potencjalnych miejsc archeologicznych (na podstawie opracowanego modelu). Za pomocą współczesnych narzędzi GIS, służących do szczegółowych analiz terenów, opracowano algorytm bazujący na Numerycznym Modelu Terenu. Pozawala on na klasyfikację wzgórz, które mogły być wykorzystywane przez wczesnośredniowieczną ludność i tworzącą się w tym czasie monarchię piastowską. Zastosowanie tej klasyfikacji ułatwia rozpoznanie czy lokalizacja danego grodu jest korzystna z powodów topograficznych i może przysłużyć się do poszukiwania nieodkrytych jeszcze konstrukcji tego typu na badanym terenie. Aby sprawdzić warunki lokalizacyjne, wykorzystano analizę widoczności, by znaleźć przykładowe miejsca poza wykorzystaniem strategicznym w przestrzeni, gdzie powinien znajdować się odpowiedni gród (brak okolicznego grodu - brak ochrony), Na przykładzie jednego z potencjalnych grodzisk (Łososina Dolna) zweryfikowano na ile utworzony model sprawdza się w praktyce. Ze względu na to, że jest to teren przygraniczny, logiczne jest, że obfitował w wiele konstrukcji obronnych, a to daje sporo możliwości badawczych w jego obrębie. W rezultacie omawiany, autorski model, ukazujący lokalizacje grodzisk i wzgórz, może być szerzej zastosowany do wielorakich analiz, prowadzonych przez badaczy o różnych specjalizacjach. Opracowany algorytm (po wprowadzeniu pewnych zmian) można będzie wykorzystać również do badania innych, górskich regionów.

15

Analysis of Ammonia Emissions from Thermal Sludge Treatment Plants

Dobrzański Maciej, Cichowicz Robert

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

|

Tom 26

716--727

EN

The article presents an analysis of the spatial dispersion of ammonia in the troposphere, emitted from the thermal treatment of sludge from the sewage treatment plant in Łódź. The study aimed to assess the impact of the emitter on the air quality in the nearby single-family housing estate. The results of field measurements of ammonia concentration were compared with computer simulations based on data measured at the emitter. Mobile measuring equipment mounted on a transport platform and an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to conduct field measurements, which were then subjected to analytical processing in ArcGis Pro software. Computer simulation of ammonia dispersion from two 25 m high chimneys was conducted in the OPA03 program. Both field measurements and simulation data showed a negligible impact of the emitter on the ammonia concentration in the air. This is primarily due to the low concentration of emitted ammonia at the chimney outlet and the emitter's location relative to the buildings, considering the dominant wind directions. Field studies have shown that the emission of ammonia in the analyzed area may be to a greater extent caused by the sewage collection station from sewage disposal vehicles and the composting plant, which are located close to the analyzed emitter and the residential area.

16

The spatial development valuation method

Świtalska Alicja

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2024

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nr 59

79--96

EN

The Spatial Development Valuation Method was developed as part of a doctoral dissertation. It is a component of the dissertation, which also encompasses other aspects of spatial development. The Spatial Development Valuation Method assesses the quality of space in a specific area (city, village, or other selected area). It considers factors such as green areas, education, housing conditions, culture, and hazards, selected due to the multifaceted development of urbanized space. This method allows for the evaluation of the overall condition of the area in terms of key aspects relevant to spatial policy and environmental conditions. The method enables the flexible selection of factors based on the needs of the analysis and the comparison of data from different years. It is easy to apply and allows for the assessment of both current and projected development strategies.

PL

Metoda Wartościowania Rozwoju Przestrzennego została opracowana w ramach pracy doktorskiej. Jest ona częścią doktoratu, który obejmuje również inne aspekty rozwoju przestrzennego. Metoda Wartościowania Rozwoju Przestrzennego ocenia jakość przestrzeni na określonym obszarze (miasto, wieś, inny wybrany obszar). Uwzględnia czynniki takie jak zieleń, oświata, warunki mieszkaniowe, kultura i zagrożenia, dobrane ze względu na wieloaspektowy rozwój przestrzeni zurbanizowanej. Dzięki opisywanej metodzie można ocenić ogólną kondycję terenu pod względem kluczowych aspektów dla polityki przestrzennej i uwarunkowań środowiskowych. Metoda pozwala na elastyczny wybór czynników w zależności od potrzeb analizy i porównanie danych z różnych lat. Jest ona łatwa w aplikacji i umożliwia ocenę zarówno obecnych, jak i prognozowanych strategii rozwojowych.

17

Skala projektów elektrowni fotowoltaicznych w Polsce – wstępne badanie geostatystyczne na podstawie bazy OOŚ

Pelczar Szymon

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 2

53--62

PL

Moc zainstalowana systemów fotowoltaicznych w Polsce systematycznie wzrasta. Choć w strukturze rodzajów jednostek wytwórczych tego typu dominują mikroinstalacje, to swój udział ustawicznie zwiększają także instalacje wielkoskalowe – elektrownie fotowoltaiczne. Systemy te nie pozostają bez wpływu na środowisko, a ich realizacja niejednokrotnie napotyka konflikty społeczne. Praca miała na celu oszacowanie skali elektrowni fotowoltaicznych w Polsce przy zastosowaniu danych dostępnych w bazie ocen oddziaływania na środowisko (z wykorzystaniem analizy geostatystycznej). Wyniki badania potwierdzają znacząca liczbę planowanych do realizacji elektrowni fotowoltaicznych, przy czym widoczne jest ich zróżnicowanie przestrzenne w skali regionalnej. Ponadto wynik analizy geostatystycznej dowodzi, że najliczniejszą grupę projektów stanowią te o mocy poniżej 20 MW. Pomimo stosunkowo małej liczby projektów o mocy powyżej 50 MW, mogą mieć one istotny wkład pod względem mocy zainstalowanej systemów fotowoltaicznych.

EN

The installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in Poland is steadily increasing. Although micro-installations dominate in the structure of the types of generating units of this type, large-scale installations - photovoltaic power plants - are also steadily increasing their share. These systems are not without environmental impact, and their implementation often encounters social conflicts. The work aimed to estimate the scale of photovoltaic power plants in Poland using data available in the environmental impact assessment database (using geostatistical analysis). The results of the study confirm a significant number of photovoltaic power plants planned to be built, with apparent spatial variation on a regional scale. In addition, the result of the geostatistical analysis proves that the most numerous group of projects are those with a capacity of less than 20 MW. Despite the relatively small number of projects with a capacity of more than 50 MW, they can make a significant contribution in terms of the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems.

18

Mapping of morphological coastline changes based on aerial photographs and Discrete Fourier Transform, Hel Peninsula, Poland

Stachurska Barbara

Oceanologia

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2024

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No. 66 (3)

art. no. 66301

EN

The coast is a dynamic zone where constantly occurring hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes affect the shape of the shore. The paper presents a method based on spatial and spectral analysis of changes in the coastline position based on data obtained from aerial photographs interpretation and Fourier analysis, on the example of the Hel Peninsula. The Hel Peninsula is one of the most interesting accumulation forms of the Polish Baltic coast, where dynamic changes of the seashore cause the occurrence of time-varying sections of accumulation-abrasion of the coastline. For the purpose of detecting the coastline changes, historical aerial photographs from the years 1947, 1957, 1963, 1991 were used. It was assumed that the over-40-year research period, which includes the obtained series of aerial photographs, would allow for a sufficient study of the long-term shoreline changes, which allow for distinguishing the length of characteristic coastline undulations. The quasi-wave signal of the shoreline changes obtained from the aerial photographs interpretation, after using Fourier analysis, enabled an effective and precise identification of the coastline undulation. The spatial analyses, showed that the Hel Peninsula is clearly divided into a part subjected to accumulation processes and an abraded one. Furthermore, the dynamics of coastline changes was determined, showing that the abrasive processes were intensifying. Moreover, spectral Fourier analysis allowed for the precise identification of coastline undulations with dominant lengths. The obtained results of spatial and spectral analysis indicate that abrasive-accumulation sections with a length of about 0.3–4.5 km dominate on the Hel Peninsula shoreline.

19

Design Criteria for a Cycleway Network Using GIS, Topographic Levelling and Spatial Analysis

Lycourghiotis Sotiris, Crawford Elizabeth Paraskevi

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

247--253

EN

The current need for the creation of cycleways in traditional cities often presents problems. Converting existing roads into cycleways frequently creates serious traffic issues without leading to the expected increase in bicycle use. In order to overcome some of these problems, this paper presents a composite methodology using GIS, topographic levelling and spatial analysis. Upon application of this methodology in a case study in the city of Patras, Greece, problems with the city’s existing, recentlyconstructed cycleway are identified. After applying topographical, qualitative and population criteria, an alternative network of cycleways is proposed. This proposed new network does not create traffic congestion, as the basic criterion for selecting roads is their low traffic load. At the same time, topographic leveling is employed to select routes with a very low gradient (<2%), which is a determining factor in making the network attractive to users. Using spatial analysis, the network is spread in order to serve all areas of the city, making it available to the vast majority of residents. Finally, the findings of a social research poll (through the use of a questionnaire) indicate that the creation of such a network could increase bicycle use by a factor of up to18, which would make bicycles the main mode of transport for 22% of residents.

20

Spatial analyses as support for road real estate management processes – case study on the paid parking zone in Krakow

Brzozowska Anna, Mazela Katarzyna

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2024

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Vol. 4, no. 2

27--50

EN

The implementation of paid parking zones is one of the tools used to regulate parking policy in modern cities. This is primarily aimed at increasing vehicle turnover and encouraging residents to use alternative modes of transportation in their daily travels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of extensions to Krakow's paid parking zone on traffic calming in its center, and to see if there is a chance to give back the downtown exclusively to pedestrians and micromobility users. The study was carried out in three stages, using GIS tools, including: an analysis of the widening of Krakow's paid parking zone, an assessment of the degree of traffic calming in the center based on a comparison of available environmental noise immission maps, and an analysis of the Park and Ride system as a tool to support the reduction of vehicular traffic in the city center, along with proposed directions for its development. The final results of this research are maps representing: an analysis of the surface changes of the paid parking zone, the difference in the level of noise immission in 2012 and 2017 in Krakow, as well as time and distance analyses made for existing and designed parking lots in the Park and Ride system.