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1

Refractory metals as alloying additives for metallic materials formed via powder metallurgy techniques

Duda Alicja, Kopyciński Bartosz, Matula Grzegorz, Wrona Adriana

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2024

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nr 3

68--76

EN

Methods for the fabrication of metallic sinters via powder metallurgy techniques have been widely discussed in materials engineering for many years. Depending on the final purpose of the finished products, it is primarily important to ensure their appropriate mechanical properties. Numerous works on this topic are devoted mainly to the modification of conventional metallic materials, and one of the promising research directions is the addition of refractory metals to metal alloys. Thanks to the advantageous impact on thermal stability, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance, the proposed solutions fit perfectly into the trends of searching for new, functional engineering materials. This work presents a review of scientific reports on the modification of metal alloys with the addition of refractory metals published over the last 15 years. First, a brief characterization of refractory metals along with a description of the basics of processing metallic materials using powder metallurgy are presented. In the following part of the article, the research results on the influence of the addition of high-melting metals on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of heavy and light metal alloys are discussed. The conclusion consists of data on the global metal alloys market, taking into account its current state and forecasted changes for the next few years.

PL

Metody spieków metalicznych technikami metalurgii proszków są szeroko omawiane w inżynierii materiałowej od wielu lat. Niezależnie od przewidywanego przeznaczenia gotowych wyrobów istotne jest przede wszystkim zapewnienie produktom odpowiednich własności mechanicznych. Liczne prace poświęcone tej tematyce skupiają się głównie na modyfikacji konwencjonalnych materiałów metalicznych, a jednym z obiecujących kierunków badań jest wzbogacanie stopów metali dodatkiem metali wysokotopliwych. Dzięki korzystnemu wpływowi na stabilność termiczną, własności mechaniczne i odporność na korozję proponowane rozwiązania doskonale wpisują się w poszukiwania nowych, funkcjonalnych materiałów inżynierskich. Praca stanowi przegląd doniesień naukowych opublikowanych w ciągu ostatnich 15 lat, traktujących o modyfikacji stopów metali dodatkiem metali wysokotopliwych. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę metali wysokotopliwych wraz z omówieniem podstaw przetwarzania materiałów metalicznych z wykorzystaniem metalurgii proszków. W dalszej części artykułu przeprowadzono analizę wyników badań nad wpływem dodatku metali wysokotopliwych na własności mechaniczne oraz odporność korozyjną stopów metali ciężkich i lekkich. W podsumowaniu przybliżono dane dotyczące stanu globalnego rynku stopów metali wraz z uwzględnieniem zmian prognozowanych na najbliższe lata.

2

Effect of U-FAST Technology on Basic Properties of WC-Co Composites Designed for Particleboard Milling Tools

Wachowicz Joanna, Bałaga Zbigniew, Dembiczak Tomasz, Náprstková Nataša, Kuśmierczak Sylvia

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2024

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Vol. 73, nr 2

9--13

EN

Cemented carbides WC-Co are one of the basic tool materials. They constitute over half of the currently used tools intended for machining. The main advantages of WC-Co cemented carbides are their high hardness and abrasion resistance. The properties of WC-Co sinters depend mainly on the content of the binding phase, the sintering method, and the grain size of the powder from which the sinters were made. The aim of the study was to produce WC-Co nanocomposites using U-FAST (Upgraded Field Assisted Sintering Technology), as well as to examine the basic properties of WC-Co sinters: microstructure, hardness, and phase composition. In the sintering processes carried out, no additives affecting the reduction of grain growth were used. The obtained results were compared with similar sinters produced using SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) technology.

PL

Węgliki spiekane WC-Co są jednym z podstawowych materiałów narzędziowych. Stanowią ponad połowę obecnie stosowanych narzędzi przeznaczonych do obróbki skrawaniem. Głównymi zaletami węglików spiekanych WC-Co są wysoka twardość i odporność na ścieranie. Właściwości spieków WC-Co zależą głównie od zawartości fazy wiążącej, metody spiekania i wielkości ziarna proszku, z którego wykonano spieki. Celem badań było wytworzenie nanokompozytów WC-Co przy użyciu technologii U-FAST (Upgraded Field Assisted Sintering Technology), a także zbadanie podstawowych właściwości spieków WC-Co: mikrostruktury, twardości, składu fazowego. W przeprowadzonych procesach spiekania nie stosowano dodatków wpływających na ograniczenie rozrostu ziarna.

3

Badania nad przygotowaniem nowego ekologicznego granulatu ceramicznego dla budownictwa

Wang Yifei

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 8

795--798

PL

Poferment z fermentacji biomasy (DR) i popiół lotny (FA) zmieszano z biowęglem z osadów ściekowych (SSC) w stosunku 10:10:80 i spiekano w temp. 1050°C. Produkt został zgranulowany z przeznaczeniem na materiały budowlane i przetestowany zgodnie z chińskimi normami krajowymi. Wszystkie wskaźniki jakości granulatu spełniły wymagania chińskich norm krajowych dla granulatu budowlanego. Wskaźnik potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego związanego z obecnością metali ciężkich był niski, a produkt był bezpieczny.

EN

Biomass fermentation digestate and fly ash were mixed with sludge biochar in the ratio of 10:10:80 and sintered at 1050°C. The product was pelletized to building materials and tested according to China national stds. All the qual. indicators of the pellets met the requirements of the China national stds. for construction pellets. The potential ecol. risk index of heavy metals was low, and the product was safe.

4

Phase transformations in Ni-rich additively manufactured NiTi alloys

Ratajski Jerzy, Bałasz B., Mydłowska K., Pancielejko Mieczysław, Laskowska D., Szparaga Łukasz

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 121, nr 1

118--130

EN

The objective of the research outlined in the article was to evaluate the conventional parameter known as volumetric energy density (VED), which serves as the primary indicator determining the quality of products manufactured using the additive technique with the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method. An independent goal was to examine the impact of secondary phase precipitates (Ni4Ti3) on the temperature ranges of phase transformations in nickel-rich NiTi alloys. Design/methodology/approach The assessment of Volumetric Energy Density (VED), was conducted based on the measurement of sample density, analysis of phase transformation sequences determined by scanning differential calorimetry (DSC), and phase composition determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). VED was calculated based on laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and single-layer thickness in the study on the influence of secondary phase precipitates (Ni4Ti3), formed during the ageing of the samples at 500°C for 20 and 100 hours, on the sequence of phase transformations, as well as the initiation and completion temperatures of martensitic (Ms, Mf) and austenitic (As, Af) transformations, scanning differential calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed. Findings It has been demonstrated that the value of Volumetric Energy Density (VED) is not a decisive parameter for the quality of the result. The primary influences on the quality of samples after the SLS process were found to be the laser energy and hatching space values. By varying the ageing time at a temperature of 500°C for NiTi alloy samples with excess nickel content (51.7 at.%), it is possible to influence the temperature of thermoelastic martensitic transformation effectively. This allows for utilising its unique functional properties for various advanced applications. Research limitations/implications The absolute condition for determining the temperature and post-processing time, which dictates specific phase transformation temperatures in NiTi alloys produced by additive techniques (SLS), is the selection of process parameters. The parameters include laser power and hatch spacing, ensuring an appropriate scanning speed and layer thickness. The factors guarantee certain product properties characterised by specific density and direct austenite-to-martensite transformation occurring during the cooling of samples. Practical implications Influencing the Ni/Ti ratio and microstructure of NiTi alloy through appropriate post-processing allows for the utilisation of its functional features, such as the shape memory effect combined with superelasticity, for advanced applications. Originality/value Based on the conducted research, it has been demonstrated that the quality of the product after the SLS process primarily depends on laser power and hatch spacing. It has also been shown that, for precise tuning of phase transformation temperatures in additively manufactured NiTi alloys, the selection of post-processing parameters is essential and is influenced by the initial composition of the powder used.

5

Effect of sintering temperature and isostatic pressure on selected properties of selected electrical contact materials manufactured by hot isostatic pressing

Kołacz Dariusz, Kulasa Joanna, Krukowski Karol, Hury Anna, Muzia Grzegorz, Osadnik Małgorzata, Kalabis Jarosław

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

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R. 23, nr 2

67--75

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the consolidation of metallic and composite powders by the hot isostaticpressing (HIP) process intended for electrical contact materials. Ag, Cu metallic powders, as well as AgW48Re2, AgRe1 and CuW47Re3 composite powders were used in the investigations. Green compacts for consolidation and hot sintering under pressure were prepared by double-sided axial pressing in steel dies. The density, electrical conductivity, and hardness were measured on the obtained sinters after the HIP process, and the microstructure was examined on selected ones. The research indicates that applying this technology allows good quality electrical material to be obtained, intended for electrical contact material.

6

Spark plasma sintering of Al-SiC composites with high SiC content: study of microstructure and tribological properties

Leszczyńska-Madej Beata, Madej Marcin, Wąsik Anna, Garbiec Dariusz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 4

art. e229, 1--13

EN

The article presents the results of the microstructure and tribological properties of Al-xSiC composites (x =70 and 90 wt% SiC) produced in spark plasma sintering (SPS). Due to their attractive thermal, physical, and mechanical properties, aluminum matrix composites with high-volume fractions of silicon carbide (> 50%) have become a major area of interest as a potential material for multifunctional electronic packaging and cryogenic applications. The SPS process was carried out in a vacuum atmosphere under various conditions. Composites with a density close to theoretical (96-98%) were obtained. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis were used to characterize the microstructure. Mechanical properties were determined by hardness measurements and a three-point bending test. The tribological properties of the composites were determined utilizing a block-on-ring tribotester. As a criterion for wear resistance, weight loss measured under specific friction conditions, that is, depending on the type of material and the applied load, was adopted. The researched materials were characterized by an even distribution of the carbide phase in the matrix. Composites with the highest SiC phase content (90 wt%) had higher hardness (2537 HV1) and flexural strength (242} 15 MPa) with worse wear resistance at the same time. The weight loss of this composite was 0.43 and 0.76% for friction under loads of 100 and 200 N, respectively, and was 360 and 270% higher than that determined for the composites with the lower content of the SiC phase (70 wt%). The wear rate was three times higher for the Al-90wt%SiC composites.

7

Influence of HIP sintering technique on the reliability of the mechanical properties of brass-an experimental study

Alnomani Salah N.

Diagnostyka

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2022

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Vol. 23, No. 3

art. no 2022311

EN

The reliability of the mechanical properties of any product plays an important role in the longevity of the product to work properly under various working conditions. In the present study, the effect of preparing brass alloy on its mechanical properties was experimentally studied. Samples of brass (60% Cu-40% Zn) were prepared by hot iso-stating pressing (HIP) sintering method and some main mechanical tests were performed on them included porosity, density, hardness and compression tests. Results of these tests were compared with corresponding tests on commercial brass alloys produced by casting in order to show the effect of the method of preparing on their mechanical properties. There was a significant improvement in the hardness and strength of the sintered alloy due to the increasing in density and decreasing in porosity comparing with the corresponding other casting's alloys. Results showed an improvement in the density values by 8.4% as a result of the significant reduction in the porosity values from 8.65% to about 0.43%. As a result, the strength of the alloys prepared by the heat pressing method has jumped to a value of 600MPa compared to the traditional castings that have a strength of 343MPa.

8

Wykorzystanie rentgenowskiej analizy dyfrakcyjnej do oceny stałości składu zestawu surowcowego do syntezy C3S

Ciołek Lidia, Gąsiński Arkadiusz

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 1

38--40

PL

W pracy przedstawiono badania odpowiednie do wytworzenia głównego składnika cementu portlandzkiego − krzemianu trójwapnia. Przeprowadzone badania obejmowały ujednorodnienie zestawu, ocenę stałości jego składu z wykorzystaniem rentgenowskiej analizy fazowej w połączeniu z metodą Rietvelda oraz wyniki XRD wytworzonego spieku. Zaprezentowane wyniki potwierdzają adekwatność przyjętych metod badawczych do wytworzenia jednorodnego spieku zawierającego alit (krzemian trójwapnia).

EN

The paper presents tests suitable for the production of the main component of Portland cement - tricalcium silicate. The tests carried out included homogenization of the batch of raw material sets, assessment of the constancy of its composition with the use of X-ray phase analysis in conjunction with the analysis of the results using the Rietveld method, and the XRD results of the sinter produced. The presented results confirm the adequacy of the adopted research methods for the production of a homogeneous sintered alite (tricalcium silicate).

9

Nowa metoda wtryskowego formowania szkła jak polimerów

Ż. E.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 2

71--72

10

Ocena technologii montażu tranzystorów IGBT w obudowie TO-220 przez testy trwałości

Brzozowski Ernest, Sadowski Oskar, Górecki Paweł, Górecki Krzysztof, Kisiel Ryszard, Guziewicz Marek

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 11

117--121

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki testów starzeniowych tranzystorów bipolarnych z izolowaną bramką (IGBT) typu STGP10NC60KD, dostępnych komercyjnie oraz tranzystorów SIGC11T60NC zmontowanych do przepustów TO-220 następującymi metodami: 1) spiekania mikroproszku srebra, 2) klejenia żywicą, 3) lutowania, 4) lutowania z podkładką Ag. Przeprowadzono dwa kolejne testy: 1) obciążenie prądem stałym 10 A przez 100 h, 2) włączanie i wyłączanie na 5 i 10 minut, 850 przełączeń. Najlepszą trwałość wykazały przyrządy zmontowane metodą lutowania.

XX

The paper presents aging test results of commercial insulated gate bipolar (IGBT) transistors STGP10NC60KD and SIGC11T60NC transistors mounted onto Ni-plated TO-220 packages by four different methods: 1) sintering of silver micropowder, 2) by resin bonding, 3) soldering and 4) soldering with distancer. Two aging tests were performed: 1) dc load 10 A for 100 h, 2) 850 ON / OFF cycles for 5 and 10 minutes respectively. The best aging durability was observed in devices mounted by soldering.

11

The role of institute of ferrous metallurgy in the development of materials for the power industry

Zieliński Adam

Journal of Metallic Materials

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2021

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Vol. 73, no. 1

3--8

EN

The article presents an outline of the development of the domestic energy sector from the very beginning of its operation. It discusses the impact of the research conducted at the Stanisław Staszic Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy in Gliwice on the selection of steel grades for operation at elevated and high temperatures for applications in the Polish power industry. The article presents the research and implementation achievements of the research workers of the Institute with the discussion and the purpose of their creation. The article presents the area of joint scientific and research achievements of the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy with affiliated domestic and foreign research centres, documented by numerous research projects and publications in renowned scientific journals.

PL

Przedstawiono zarys rozwoju krajowej energetyki od początku jej funkcjonowania. Omówiono wpływ badań prowadzonych w Instytucie Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica w Gliwicach na dobór gatunków stali do pracy w podwyższonej i wysokiej temperaturze do zastosowań w polskiej energetyce. Zaprezentowano dorobek badawczo-wdrożeniowy pracowników naukowych Instytutu z omówieniem i celowością ich powstania. Przedstawiono obszar wspólnych dokonań naukowo-badawczych Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza z zaprzyjaźnionymi krajowymi i zagranicznymi ośrodkami badawczymi, udokumentowanymi licznymi projektami badawczymi i publikacjami w renomowanych czasopismach naukowych.

12

Study on removal of copper, tin and arsenic from iron ore, scrap and steel in the light of the latest state of metallurgical technology

Zdonek Bogdan, Różański Piotr, Borecki Mariusz, Stecko Janusz, Szypuła Ireneusz

Journal of Metallic Materials

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2021

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Vol. 73, no. 1

16--21

EN

The study investigates the ability to remove copper, tin and arsenic from iron ore, scrap and liquid steel based on the literature and thermodynamic calculations using the FactSage 7.2 software. Methods of removing Cu, Sn and As from iron-bearing materials, feasible in industrial conditions in the near term, were selected. Simulation tests with the use of the FactSage 7.2 software showed that under reduced pressure conditions Cu and Sn can be removed from the steel bath, while As evaporation is not possible. Laboratory tests were carried out, including the removal of Sn and Cu in the process of degassing of liquid steel in a deep vacuum in a vacuum induction furnace and the removal of Sn from iron ore in the sintering process. Under conditions of deep vacuum (below 40 Pa), high temperature (1670°C) and a correspondingly long vacuum treatment time (over 30 minutes), the efficiency of removing the copper and tin contents from the liquid steel of approximately 14 and 17% respectively was obtained. The iron ore sintering test with a high Sn content showed the effectiveness of reducing the Sn content during this process, amounting to approx. 30%.

PL

Zbadano możliwości usuwania miedzi, cyny i arsenu z rudy żelaza, złomu i ciekłej stali na podstawie literatury oraz termodynamicznych obliczeń za pomocą oprogramowania FactSage 7.2. Wybrano sposoby usuwania Cu, Sn i As z materiałów żelazonośnych możliwe do realizacji w warunkach przemysłowych w najbliższej perspektywie czasowej. Badania symulacyjne z zastosowaniem oprogramowania FactSage 7.2 wykazały, że w warunkach obniżonego ciśnienia można usunąć Cu i Sn z kąpieli stalowej, natomiast nie jest możliwe odparowanie As. Przeprowadzono próby laboratoryjne, obejmujące usuwanie Sn i Cu w procesie odgazowania ciekłej stali w głębokiej próżni w próżniowym piecu indukcyjnym oraz usuwanie Sn z rudy żelaza w procesie spiekania. W warunkach głębokiej próżni (poniżej 40 Pa), wysokiej temperatury (1670°C) i odpowiednio długiego czasu obróbki próżniowej (powyżej 30 minut) uzyskano skuteczności usunięcia zawartości miedzi i cyny w ciekłej stali, wynoszące odpowiednio około 14 i 17%. Próba spiekania rudy żelaza z wysoką zawartością Sn wykazała skuteczność zmniejszenia zawartości Sn w czasie tego procesu, wynoszącą ok. 30%.

13

Simulation and Analysis of Sintering Furnace Temperature Based on Fuzzy Neural Network Control

Chaoxin Zou, Rong Li, Zhiping Xie, Ming Su, Jingshi Zeng, Xu Ji, Xiaoli Ye, Ye Wang

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 1

23--30

EN

Aiming at the problems of delay and couple in the sintering temperature control system of lithium batteries, a fuzzy neural network controller that can solve complex nonlinear temperature control is designed in this paper. The influence of heating voltage, air inlet speed and air inlet volume on the control of temperature of lithium battery sintering is analyzed, and a fuzzy control system by using MATLAB toolbox is established. And on this basis, a fuzzy neural network controller is designed, and then a PID control system and a fuzzy neural network control system are established through SIMULINK. The simulation shows that the response time of the fuzzy neural network control system compared with the PID control system is shortened by 24s, the system stability adjustment time is shortened by 160s, and the maximum overshoot is reduced by 6.1%. The research results show that the fuzzy neural network control system can not only realize the adjustment of lithium battery sintering temperature control faster, but also has strong adaptability, fault tolerance and anti-interference ability.

14

Zirconium alloyed tungsten borides synthesized by spark plasma sintering

Grabiec Dariusz, Wiśniewska Maria, Psiuk Rafał, Denis Piotr, Levintant-Zayonts Neonila, Leshchynsky Volf, Rubach Rafał, Mościcki Tomasz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 1

617--631

EN

Tungsten borides (WBx; x = 2.5 or 4.5) with an increasing substitution of tungsten by zirconium from 0 to 24 at.% were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) for the first time. The influence of the holding time (2.5–30 min) on the densification behavior, microstructure evolution and development of the properties of W–Zr–B compounds were studied. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, Vickers micro-indentation for microhardness measurements, tribological tests to determine the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate, as well as measurements of electrical conductivity. The XRD results confirm the presence of the WB4 phase in the microstructure, despite the high sintering temperature (1800 °C) and small overstoichiometric excess of boron (4.5) addition in the sintered samples. This is caused by the high heating rate (400 °C/min), short holding time (2.5 min) and addition of zirconium. The Vickers hardness (HV) values measured at 1 N are 24.8 ± 2.0 and 26.6 ± 1.8 GPa for 24 at.% zirconium in WB2.5 and for 0 at.% zirconium in WB4.5, respectively. In addition, the hardest sample (W0.76Zr0.24B2.5) showed electrical conductivity up to 3.961·106 S/m, which is similar to WC–Co cemented carbides. The friction and wear test results reveal the formation of a boron-based film which seems to play the role of a solid lubricant.

15

Silicon carbide nanocomposites reinforced with disordered graphitic carbon formed in situ through oxidation of Ti3C2 MXene during sintering

Petrus M., Woźniak J., Cygan T., Lachowski A., Rozmysłowska-Wojciechowska A., Wojciechowski T., Ziemkowska W., Chlubny L., Jastrzębska A., Adamczyk-Cieślak B., Olszyna A.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 3

1--12

EN

This article describes the manufacturing of silicon carbide composites with the addition of quasi-two-dimensional titanium carbide Ti3C2, known as MXene. The composites were obtained by the powder metallurgy technique, consolidated with the use of the Spark Plasma Sintering method at 1900 °C and dwelled for 30 min. The influence of the Ti3C2 MXene addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The structure of the MXene phase after the sintering process was also analyzed. The results showed a significant increase (almost 50%) of fracture toughness for composites with the addition of 0.2 wt% Ti3C2 MXene. In turn, the highest hardness, 23.2 GPa, was noted for the composite with the addition of the 1.5 wt% Ti3C2 MXene phase. This was an increase of over 10% in comparison to the reference sample. The analysis of chemical composition and observations using a transmission electron microscope showed that the Ti3C2 MXene phase oxidizes during sintering, resulting in the formation of crystalline, highly defected, disordered graphite structures. The presence of these structures in the microstructure, similarly to graphene, significantly affects the hardness and fracture toughness of silicon carbide.

16

Effect of polyethylene glycol on surface coating of Ta2O5 onto titanium substrate in sol-gel technique

Dommeti Vamsi, Pramanik Sumit, Roy Sandipan

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 1

197--206

EN

Purpose: Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in dental and surgical implants in the last few decades. However, there is a loosening effect over a long period usage. Therefore, the present study aimed to increase life of an implant by its surface modification. Methods: In present study, sol-gel process has been applied to create tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) layer coating on Ti-substrate. In this technique, polyethylene glycol (PEG) plays an important role to form uniform porous coating, which can have potential application in formation of strong bonding to the natural bone. Results: Microstructural, elemental, structural and binding energy results showed that the material with 100% PEG-enhanced sol-gel Ta2O5 with spin coating onto Ti substrate followed by an optimized sintering temperature (500 °C) has better porous structure than that of 5% PEG-enhanced sol-gel Ta2O5 coating, and would be suitable for tissue in-growth properties. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that the present spin coated 100% PEG-enhanced Ta2O5 coating onto Ti, having the most suitable morphology with enhanced roughness, could be noteworthy for potential tissue in-growth and it could provide desired bonding at the interface of Ti-implant coating and host tissues in biomedical applications.

17

Zmiana właściwości wytrzymałościowych popiołu z biomasy i węgla w trakcie procesu spiekania

Król Karol, Nowak-Woźny Dorota

Zeszyty Energetyczne

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2020

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T. 7

213-222

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania wytrzymałości mechanicznej próbek popiołu z biomasy (słoma pszenna) i węgla kamiennego w trakcie procesu spiekania. Celem pracy była obserwacja zmian właściwości mechanicznych – wartości naprężeń niszczących – sprasowanych próbek popiołu z wybranych paliw stałych o różnym pochodzeniu i różnym składzie chemicznym oraz wyjaśnienie mechanizmu odpowiedzialnego za obserwowane zmiany. Próbki z biomasy i węgla kamiennego spiekano w odpowiednio szerokim zakresie temperatur. Badanie naprężeń niszczących uzupełniono o badania chemiczne (analiza techniczna, elementarna i tlenkowa), ciśnieniowe (test ciśnieniowy) oraz termiczne (test Leitza). Na podstawie analizy otrzymanych rezultatów stwierdzono, że obserwowana gwałtowna zmiana wytrzymałości mechanicznej spiekanego popiołu jest wywołana zmianami gęstości popiołu na skutek zmian mikrostrukturalnych, wywołanych topnieniem powierzchni pojedynczych ziaren popiołu i tworzeniem się większych aglomeratów. Wyniki pomiarowe oraz wyniki analiz wykonane dla biomasy są analogiczne jak dla węgla.

18

Mikroskopia wysokotemperaturowa w badaniach szkieł i ich kompozytów

Pawlik Justyna, Sarnek Katarzyna, Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna, Pichór Waldemar

Świat Szkła

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2020

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R. 25, nr 2

38--39

19

DEC – węgliki wzmocnione diamentem: nowy supertwardy materiał o zwiększonej odporności na zużycie

Tsybulia Iurii, Przygucki Hubert, Kasonde Maweja, Mątewski Damian

Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering

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2020

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R. 58, nr 4

65--70

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie metody spiekania impulsowo-plazmowego (PPC) w dziedzinie spiekanych kompozytów diamentowych w warunkach termodynamicznej niestabilności diamentu do wytwarzania narzędzi przeznaczonych do cięcia i urabiania różnych kamieni. Węgliki wzmocnione diamentem (DEC – ang. Diamond Enchanced Carbide), w dalszej części tekstu nazywane skrótowo DEC, jako materiał kompozytowy zawierający 30 obj. cząstek diamentu wytworzono, stosując mieszaninę submikronową WC6Co [ wag.]. Dzięki warunkom spiekania PPC uzyskano spieki o wysokiej gęstości z silnym wiązaniem pomiędzy cząstkami diamentu a osnową węglika spiekanego. Badano wartości energii właściwej skrawania i współczynnika tarcia pozornego frezu DEC w porównaniu z podobnymi narzędziami z PCD i zwykłego węglika wolframu. Wyniki badań materiałów DEC spiekanych przez GeniCore potwierdziły dobre perspektywy rynkowe dla tych materiałów do zastosowań w cięciu i górnictwie.

EN

The paper presents the application of the pulse plasma consolidation (PPC) method in the field of diamond composites sintered under conditions of thermodynamic instability of diamond for the manufacture of tools intended for the cutting of different stones. Diamond enhanced carbides (DEC) are a composite material containing 30 vol of diamond particles and were produced using a mixture of submicron WC6Co (wt ). Due to PPC sintering conditions, dense sinters with a strong bond between the diamond particles and the sintered carbide matrix were obtained. The values of the specific cutting energy and the apparent friction coefficient of DEC cutter were investigated in comparison with the similar devices from PCD and ordinary tungsten carbide. DEC materials sintered in GeniCore confirmed the good market prospects for these materials in both cutting and mining applications.

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DEC – diamond enhanced carbides: a new super-hard material with enhanced wear resistance

Tsybulia Iurii, Przygucki Hubert, Kasonde Maweja, Mątewski Damian

Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering

|

2020

|

R. 58, nr 4

59--64

EN

The paper presents the application of the pulse plasma consolidation (PPC) method in the field of diamond composites sintered under conditions of thermodynamic instability of diamond for the manufacture of tools intended for the cutting of different stones. Diamond enhanced carbides (DEC) are a composite material containing 30 vol of diamond particles and were produced using a mixture of submicron WC6Co (wt ). Due to PPC sintering conditions, dense sinters with a strong bond between the diamond particles and the sintered carbide matrix were obtained. The values of the specific cutting energy and the apparent friction coefficient of DEC cutter were investigated in comparison with the similar devices from PCD and ordinary tungsten carbide. DEC materials sintered in GeniCore confirmed the good market prospects for these materials in both cutting and mining applications.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie metody spiekania impulsowo-plazmowego (PPC) w dziedzinie spiekanych kompozytów diamentowych w warunkach termodynamicznej niestabilności diamentu do wytwarzania narzędzi przeznaczonych do cięcia i urabiania różnych kamieni. Węgliki wzmocnione diamentem (DEC – ang. Diamond Enchanced Carbide), w dalszej części tekstu nazywane skrótowo DEC, jako materiał kompozytowy zawierający 30 obj. cząstek diamentu wytworzono, stosując mieszaninę submikronową WC6Co [ wag.]. Dzięki warunkom spiekania PPC uzyskano spieki o wysokiej gęstości z silnym wiązaniem pomiędzy cząstkami diamentu a osnową węglika spiekanego. Badano wartości energii właściwej skrawania i współczynnika tarcia pozornego frezu DEC w porównaniu z podobnymi narzędziami z PCD i zwykłego węglika wolframu. Wyniki badań materiałów DEC spiekanych przez GeniCore potwierdziły dobre perspektywy rynkowe dla tych materiałów do zastosowań w cięciu i górnictwie.