Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Development of a model to identify oil spills using supervised deep learning for semantic segmentation using DeepLabV3-MobileNetV3

Do Hoang Dat, Truong Thanh Hai, Pham Van Ngo, Rowiński Lech, Hidayat Rahmat, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Chung Nghia

Polish Maritime Research

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2026

|

nr 2

134--144

EN

Crude oil spills caused by maritime transport are major threats to marine ecosystems and require quick detection and classification for an effective response. The use of deep learning for oil spill detection using UAV/SAR imagery is making consistent advancements. There remains a gap in pixel-wise semantic segmentation to handle complex scenarios in port, generalization to heterogeneous backgrounds, and multi-class delineation (e.g., water, oil thickness, background). This paper proposes a lightweight DeepLabV3-MobileNetV3 framework with focal loss to solve the class imbalance problem, which is trained using high-resolution UAV images from working harbors (2021-2023) annotated for 4 classes: background (4.33%), oil (33.04%), others (38.17%), and water (24.46%). The model converges very fast (train loss: 0.071-0.020 and validation loss: 0.031-0.017 over 5 epochs) and results in 93.63% overall accuracy, macro F1-score of 0.8155, and weighted F1 of 0.9332 on test data. Per-class results are best for oil (F1: 0.9485) and others (F1: 0.9788) with close to perfect ROC/PR curves. Confusion matrices reveal very few inter-class errors, and qualitative predictions define spill boundaries accurately, in accordance with ground truth. Outperforming previous UAV/SAR approaches in mIoU and efficiency, this architecture allows for real-time edge-deployable monitoring to support targeted clean up, accountability, and compliance with marine protocols. Results highlight region-specific training and explainable metrics for operational resiliency in high-traffic ports.

2

Feasibility of low-cost UAV-based gamma radiation surveys for environmental monitoring : a case study from the Třebsko Site, Czech Republic

Takáč Marian, Kletetschka Gunther

Nukleonika

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2026

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Vol. 71, No. 1

9--15

EN

This study investigates the feasibility of using a low-cost, rapidly deployable UAV-based system for gamma radiation monitoring. A UAV equipped with a GammaRAE II R dosimeter was used to conduct radiation surveys at the Třebsko site, Czech Republic. The system mapped spatial variations in gamma radiation and identified hotspots, showing strong correlation with previous high-resolution surveys of the area. Data analysis, conducted using open-source software, included altitude corrections, spatial interpolation, and statistical techniques to visualize radiation distribution patterns. Peak gamma dose rate values reached 1.276 μSv/h (altitude-normalized), with 11 locations showing statistically significant elevation (Z-score >3). While the system’s sensitivity is lower than professional-grade equipment, it demonstrated sufficient accuracy for preliminary surveys and rapid assessments. This approach, combining consumer-grade technology with open-source tools, provides a practical solution for environmental monitoring, emergency response, and educational applications, particularly valuable in resource-limited or time-sensitive scenarios. The results validate the potential of affordable radiation monitoring systems as complementary tools to traditional high-cost methods.

3

Identyfikacja tablic rejestracyjnych, przy użyciu sztucznej inteligencji i bezzałogowych statków powietrznych

Kasperczak Alan, Górski Krzysztof, Owsianny Artur, Szymański Sebastian

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2026

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Vol. 67, Nr 3

21--24

PL

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję oraz rezultaty wdrożenia systemu identyfikacji tablic rejestracyjnych z wykorzystaniem bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (BSP). Opisano proces integracji kamery z systemem wizyjnym opartym na modelu YOLOv8 oraz bibliotece EasyOCR. Przeprowadzono testy terenowe, których celem była ocena skuteczności rozwiązania w kontekście automatyzacji kontroli pojazdów w przestrzeni miejskiej.

EN

The paper presents the concept and results of implementing a license plate recognition system using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It describes the process of integrating a camera with a vision system based on the YOLOv8 model and the EasyOCR library. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution in the context of automating vehicle inspection in urban areas.

4

Analiza działania systemów GN SS oraz wpływu dryfu i geometrii konstelacji satelitarnych na precyzję lokalizacji w BSP

Górski Krzysztof, Kowal Maciej, Szymański Sebastian, Wiśniewski Jakub, Ciągło Kacper

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2026

|

Vol. 67, Nr 3

16--20

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ dryfu oraz geometrii konstelacji satelitarnych na precyzję pozycjonowania w systemach GNSS wykorzystywanych w bezzałogowych statkach powietrznych (BSP). Przedstawiono zasady działania systemów GNSS, znaczenie współczynników DOP, liczby widocznych satelitów oraz jakości sygnału C/N₀. Przeprowadzono badania empiryczne z użyciem odbiorników u-blox M8Q i Blitz Mini M10 GPS V2 w warunkach statycznych. Na podstawie zebranych danych dokonano analizy dryfu pozycji, rozmieszczenia satelitów oraz wpływu braku wielosystemowości na stabilność lokalizacji. Wyniki badań mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w projektowaniu systemów wspomagania GNSS, integracji z INS oraz ocenie przydatności odbiorników GNSS w autonomicznej nawigacji BSP.

EN

This article analyzes the impact of positional drift and satellite constellation geometry on the accuracy of GNSS positioning systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It presents the operational principles of GNSS, the significance of DOP factors, satellite count, and signal quality (C/N₀). Empirical measurements were conducted using u-blox M8Q and Blitz Mini M10 GPS V2 receivers in static conditions. Based on collected data, the drift of position, satellite distribution, and the effect of lacking multiconstellation support on positional stability were examined. The findings are applicable to GNSS enhancement strategies, GNSS-INS integration, and the evaluation of receiver reliability in autonomous UAV navigation.

5

Unmanned ground vehicle for swampy area reconnaissance with unmanned aerial vehicle support: A conceptual framework

Nowakowski Marek, Łukaszewicz Andrzej

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 1

373--386

EN

This paper explores the application of unmanned vehicles for reconnaissance purposes, specifically to verify potential threat in inaccessible and swampy areas. The study introduces a novel integration of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with AI-driven fire detection algorithms, enabling automated wildfire monitoring in sensitive ecosystems. The proposed framework enhances terrain adaptability by optimizing nominal ground pressure for UGV mobility and limple-mentation UAV-based computer vision for real-time risk assessment. Nowadays, the supervision of ecosystems has acquired significance, with a special focus on the man-agement of national parks. One the largest areas is Biebrza National Park, sprawls across 59,223 hectares, preserving pristine wetland ecosystems and housing remarka-ble biodiversity. Regular patrols are essential to enforce regulations and thwart illegal activities. It should be highlighted that destructive fire in the year 2020 ravaged a por-tion of the park, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and protection. This work aligns with conservation policies by enabling data-driven interventions for wildfire risk mitigation. Integrating Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and remote sensing with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms allows national park safety improvement. This study analyzes the movement requirements of ground platforms in swampy and marshland areas and explores the reliability requirements for UAVs. Additionally, metrics for fire threat detection are discussed.

6

Photogrammetric and light detection and ranging data analysis for digital terrain modeling in linear infrastructure

Bilski Marcin, Małek Anna

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 3

98--110

EN

In the article, elevation data along the axes of a dirt road and an asphalt road in flat terrain were compared. For this purpose, data obtained from airborne laser scanning and from a photogrammetric survey using an unmanned aerial vehicle were used. The acquired data, in the form of a 1 m × 1 m grid of terrain elevation points, were applied to create a digital terrain model in the form of a grid or triangles. The grid of elevation points was also resampled to resolutions of 2 m, 5 m, and 10 m. The analyses performed showed very good agreement of the acquired measurement data in the case of the asphalt road (particularly for grids with resolutions up to 5 m). Due to the uneven surface of the dirt road, photogrammetric data and the digital terrain model based on triangles provided a better representation of its terrain. For elevation differences between ALS and UAV data along road centrelines, the gravel road showed higher errors (RMSE from 0.09 m to 0.13 m) than the asphalt road (RMSE 0.04 m). The study introduces a new comparative workflow that provides a practical solution for linear infrastructure designers, supporting the selection of appropriate data sources and spatial resolutions depending on the project characteristics.

7

Accuracy analysis of Galileo code positioning for UAV

Cybulska-Gac Klaudia, Krasuski Kamil, Ciećko Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 127

39--55

EN

Official ICAO certification for the Galileo satellite navigation system is currently being implemented for aeronautical applications. Hence, experimental studies are needed to verify the performance of Galileo for kinematic positioning of the user in aviation. The main objective of this work is to present an optimal computational strategy for determining the user's position and the accuracy parameter of Galileo positioning in civil aviation. The paper uses the least squares method and Kalman filtering to calculate the user position. The calculations were performed in two independent Galileo observation processing software, i.e., RTKLIB and Emlid Studio. Galileo navigation and observation data acquired from a DJI Matrice RTK300 unmanned platform was used in the calculations. The Galileo SPP code method algorithm was used to determine the UAV coordinates. The RTKLIB application uses a solution based on the least squares method model to determine user coordinates using the SPP method. The Emlid Studio application, respectively, is based on the Kalman filtering algorithm. On this basis, the UAV positions were determined for the two computational strategies, and the Galileo positioning accuracy was then determined in the form of position errors and RMS errors. The study shows that Emlid Studio software improves Galileo's kinematic positioning accuracy by between 15 and 65% over the results obtained from the RTKLIB solution. The flight tests carried out, the software used, and the computational strategies can be utilized for other global GNSS systems.

8

Strategic analysis of implementing UAVs in organisational safety processes

Ewertowski Tomasz, Ludwiczak Daniel

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

|

Nr 96 (tom 2)

123--149

EN

The study explores the strategic possibilities, benefits and barriers of implementing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the safety management processes of an industrial organisation. The research integrates a SWOT/TOWS analysis with a process-based evaluation of safety operations, examining both internal and external determinants of UAV adoption. The study was based on a specific industrial organisation located in Poland and was limited to Polish conditions only. Results indicate that UAVs can be effectively integrated into most safety processes, particularly in risk identification and assessment, technical monitoring and supervision, incident response, and safety culture development. Their use contributes to faster and safer inspections, reduced exposure to occupational hazards, enhanced situational awareness, and improved decision-making. The analysis confirmed the dominance of Strength–Opportunity (S–O) interactions, suggesting a strong alignment between internal organisational capabilities and external opportunities such as digital transformation and technological innovation. The findings support the adoption of an aggressive (maxi–maxi) strategy, leveraging organisational strengths to exploit favourable environmental conditions while simultaneously addressing economic, legal and technical barriers. The study concludes that UAV technology represents a strategically justified and operationally effective tool for improving organisational resilience, safety and the protection of critical resources.

9

Comparative analysis of multispectral bands acquired by UAV for the construction of a digital bathymetric model in the shallow waters

Łącka Małgorzata, Łubczonek Jacek

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

|

nr 83 (155)

98--107

EN

This article presents a comparative analysis of the creation of digital bathymetric models using multispectral bands. The case analyzed involves images acquired from low altitude using an unmanned aerial vehicle in an area of shallow inland waters. The use of an underwater photogrammetric network enables georeferencing of the datasets at a level no worse than 0.013 m (mean RMSE). The green and red bands make it possible to generate a dense point cloud in the full bottom area and create DBMs, the accuracy of which is examined on the basis of 22 bottom check points and the obtained accuracies for the RMS error are no worse than 0.24 m. The results of this study indicate that the green and red bands can be used for bathymetry acquisition in shallow and very shallow waters, which can be applied to work that requires accurate bathymetry reconstruction in these types of water bodies.

10

Overview of Mutual Localization Techniques Between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Swarm

Czaja Bartosz, Maślanka Krzysztof, Skokowski Paweł, Kelner Jan

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2025

|

Vol. 19 No. 1

317--323

EN

The market for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), along with their associated applications and services, has been developing at a rapid pace in recent years. One of the key emerging trends is the use of UAV swarms, which enable the execution of complex tasks more efficiently than single platforms. Effective control of such a swarm, whether by a human operator or autonomously, requires maintaining safe distances between individual UAVs. This, in turn, necessitates precise navigation and mutual localization within the swarm, posing both technical and operational challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in relative localization techniques within UAV swarms. With the increasing interest in UAV swarm applications for tasks such as search and rescue, surveillance, and delivery, accurate and reliable localization methods have become critical for maintaining formation and avoiding collisions. The paper categorizes localization approaches into cooperative methods and autonomous sensing and further classifies them by the type of sensor used: optical, radio frequency, and acoustic. For each category, representative technologies, and algorithms, such as ultra-wideband (UWB), received signal strength indication (RSSI), angle of arrival (AOA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based vision systems, are discussed, along with their strengths, limitations, and suitability for Global Positioning System (GPS)-denied environments. The paper concludes with an identification of current research gaps, including the challenges of sensor array integration on UAV platforms and the influence of environmental interference on localization accuracy.

11

Dead Reckoning Method for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Conditions of Limited GPS Signal

Szykuła Bartłomiej, Furtak Janusz

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

|

Vol. 19 No. 4

1063--1068

EN

The article presents a dead reckoning navigation method dedicated to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), enabling position determination under limited GNSS signal access. The method is based on the analysis of data from inertial measurement units (IMUs) and mathematical algorithms, allowing for precise monitoring of UAV trajectories. The study outlines the theoretical foundations of dead reckoning navigation, the derivation of key formulas, and the results of simulation tests of the method based on real inertial sensor data logs. The tests demonstrated promising effectiveness, highlighting its potential in military and civilian applications. The method can serve as a complement to traditional navigation systems.

12

Low-Fidelity Static Aeroelastic Analysis for Jig Shape Optimization of a Solar-Powered Hale Aircraft Wing

Bugała Pamela

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2025

|

Nr 2 (279)

40--56

EN

This study investigates the static aeroelastic behavior of a lightweight, high-aspect-ratio wing designed for a solar-powered High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) aircraft. The primary objective is to demonstrate that simplified, low-fidelity models can be effectively used to define the wing’s jig shape and stiffness distribution, ensuring optimal aerodynamic performance during cruise flight. High-aspect-ratio wings (HARWs) are susceptible to significant deformations under aerodynamic loading, which can alter the lift distribution and compromise performance. Therefore, accurate modeling of aeroelastic effects is essential, particularly in the early stages of the design process. The numerical analysis presented in this work uses a low-order, two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method, combining the Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) and the Euler-Bernoulli beam model. This approach offers a balance between computational efficiency and physical accuracy. Validation was carried out by comparing simulation results with wind tunnel data, confirming the method's ability to predict lift coefficients and structural deformation with satisfactory accuracy. The study also introduces an innovative flat-upper-surface airfoil, optimized for solar panel integration and evaluated for static aeroelastic effects. Results show that, with a known distribution of stiffness and mass, the jig shape can be tailored to achieve the desired in-flight geometry. The proposed method provides a fast, reliable, and practical tool for early-stage wing design and is well-suited for engineering applications.

13

Aerodynamic Design Methodology for Air Propellers of Swarm UAVs under Variable Mission Payloads

Bezpalyy Viacheslav, Ukrainets Yevgen, Myronenko Kostyantyn, Loginov Vasyl

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2025

|

Nr 3 (280)

41--61

EN

This study presents an aerodynamic design methodology for fixed- and variable-pitch air propellers (APs) for swarm unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), based on vortex theory. The methodology integrates design calculations with system analysis, mathematical modeling, and parametric simulations to evaluate aerodynamic and flight characteristics under diverse operational scenarios. The results demonstrate that UAV flight range and endurance are strongly influenced by payload configuration, flight altitude, and velocity, with bomb load having a particularly significant impact. Verification calculations confirm that one of the most critical factors in improving UAV performance is the design of mission-specific propellers. To address this, we propose a modular approach in which UAVs are equipped with sets of interchangeable APs, each optimized for distinct combat tasks and payloads. This approach enables flexible mission adaptation while maintaining efficiency across flight regimes, providing a practical pathway toward enhancing the performance of tactical swarm UAVs.

14

A Low-Cost Anechoic Chamber for Rotor Aeroacoustics Research: Design and Validation

Kekus-Kumor Pawel, Sieradzki Adam

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2025

|

Nr 2 (279)

18--39

EN

A new anechoic chamber was built at the Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation in Warsaw, Poland, for the purpose of research on aeroacoustics of rotor systems. In order to minimize costs and construction time, a drywall-based design was employed, consisting of a steel frame placed on vibration isolators, mineral wool insulation, and plasterboard cladding. The interior of the chamber was lined with acoustic foam wedges to ensure the anechoic condition. The average background noise level in the chamber was measured at 18.1 dB(A), and the anechoic condition was confirmed down to 315 Hz, and under certain conditions down to 125 Hz, in accordance with the ISO 3745 standard. The acoustic performance of the chamber was further validated through aeroacoustic tests of a benchmark rotor. The results showed very good agreement of the rotor’s acoustic characteristics with the reference data, including precise replication of key harmonics, confirming the chamber’s suitability for aeroacoustic testing.

15

Taktyczne użycie bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych przez siły zbrojne Ukrainy w aspekcie możliwości implementacji w siłach zbrojnych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej

Napora Adrian Czesław

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2025

|

R. 15, Nr 37

111--135

PL

Celem prezentowanych wyników podjętej próby badawczej jest ustrukturyzowanie i uporządkowanie zebranych danych na temat taktycznego użycia bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych oraz przedstawienie rekomendacji do implementacji w Siłach Zbrojnych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Dane pochodzą bezpośrednio od oficerów ukraińskich. Byli oni w kontaktach roboczych ze stroną Polską w ramach misji EUMAM w roli instruktorów, szkolonych jak i oficerów programujących szkolenie sztabów brygad. Te treści stały się też przedmiotem badania w zakresie taktycznego użycia systemów bezzałogowych. W procedurze badawczej przyjęto następujące pytanie badawcze: które z ukraińskich rozwiązań zastosowania BSP mogą zostać zaimplementowane do Sił Zbrojnych RP? Problem badawczy pomógł wyostrzyć procesy analityczne dostępnego materiału, jak również był cennym punktem odniesienia do sformułowania tezy roboczej. Tym samym, hipotetyczną odpowiedzią na powyższy problem zostało przyjęte przypuszczenie, że zdecydowana większość rozwiązań i zastosowań stosowanych przez Ukraińców jest przydatna w Siłach Zbrojnych RP. Do uporządkowania i ustrukturyzowania zebranych informacji posłużyły teoretyczne metody badawcze takie jak: monograficzna oraz klasyfikowanie proste. Metoda monograficzna została w praktyce zastosowana jako ostatnia i posłużyła do napisania zwięzłych treści niniejszej publikacji. Klasyfikowanie proste umożliwiło na precyzyjne rozróżnienie i wskazanie przeznaczenia taktycznego systemów bezzałogowych, klas systemów bezzałogowych oraz rekomendacji dla Sił Zbrojnych RP. Natomiast selekcja tych danych z obszernego materiału nastąpiła wskutek zastosowania abstrahowania izolującego oraz metod analitycznych. Abstrahowanie izolujące pozwoliło na identyfikację treści, które nie zostały zastosowane w procedurze badawczej. Natomiast metody analityczne pozwoliły na zidentyfikowanie i wyodrębnienie struktur organizacyjne BSP, ich przeznaczenie i połączenie z innymi rodzajami wojsk stosowanymi od szczebla brygady w dół. Identyfikacja możliwie przydatnych elementów dla Sił Zbrojnych RP oraz sformułowanie rekomendacji nastąpiło za sprawą: wnioskowania oraz syntezowania. Na bazie dostępnych danych, porównano stan rozwoju i zastosowania BSP w Siłach Zbrojnych Ukrainy oraz stan rozwoju tych platform w Siłach Zbrojnych RP. Kierunki rozwoju i rekomendacje zostały sformułowane poprzez wnioskowanie i syntezowanie wymagań i praktyk łączących różne systemy walki. Wysublimowano treści dotyczące bojowego użycia bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych jak również sformułowano szereg rekomendacji. Co więcej, rozważania doprowadziły do identyfikacji kolejnych kierunków badawczych, mianowicie użycie pojazdów bezzałogowych jak i łodzi bezzałogowych, a w konsekwencji rozważenie implementacji w Siłach Zbrojnych RP. Hipoteza badawcza została potwierdzona, a nawet wnioski znacząco wyszły poza jej obręb. Obserwacje wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej, lektura publikacji jej poświęconych pozwalają proponować i wzmacniać śmiałe koncepcje rozwoju zastosowania platform bezzałogowych.

EN

The aim of the presented research results is to structure and organize the collected data on the tactical use of unmanned aerial systems and to present recommendations for implementation into the Polish Armed Forces. The data comes directly from Ukrainian officers. They were in working contact with Poland as part of the EUMAM mission, serving as instructors, trainees, and officers programming the training of brigade staffs. This information also became the subject of research on the tactical use of unmanned aerial systems. The research procedure addressed the following research question: which Ukrainian solutions for the use of UAVs can be implemented in the Polish Armed Forces? The research question helped sharpen the analytical processes of the available material and provided a valuable reference point for formulating a working thesis. Therefore, the hypothetical answer to the above problem was the assumption that the vast majority of solutions and applications used by Ukrainians are useful in the Polish Armed Forces. Theoretical research methods such as monograph and simple classification were used to organize and structure the collected information. The monograph method was applied in practice last and served to write the concise content of this publication. Simple classification enabled precise differentiation and indication of the tactical purpose of unmanned systems, classes of unmanned systems, and recommendations for the Polish Armed Forces. The selection of this data from the extensive material was achieved through the use of isolating abstraction and analytical methods. Isolating abstraction allowed for the identification of content that was not used in the research procedure. Analytical methods, in turn, allowed for the identification and separation of the organizational structures of UAVs, their purpose, and their connection with other branches of the military used from the brigade level down. The identification of potentially useful elements for the Polish Armed Forces and the formulation of recommendations were achieved through inference, and synthesis. Based on available data, the state of development and application of UAVs in the Ukrainian Armed Forces was compared with the state of development of these platforms in the Polish Armed Forces. Development directions and recommendations were formulated by reasoning and synthesizing requirements and practices combining various combat systems. The content regarding the combat use of unmanned aerial systems was refined, and a number of recommendations were formulated. Furthermore, the deliberations led to the identification of further research directions, namely the use of unmanned vehicles and unmanned boats, and consequently, consideration of their implementation in the Polish Armed Forces. The research hypothesis was confirmed, and the conclusions even extended significantly beyond its scope. Observations of the Russian-Ukrainian war and publications devoted to it allow us to propose and reinforce bold concepts for the development of unmanned platforms.

16

Koncepcja innowacyjnego systemu ratunkowego do wykrywania osób zasypanych śniegiem z wykorzystaniem BSP (dronów)

Pieprzycki Adam, Srebro Bartosz

Science, Technology and Innovation

|

2025

|

Vol. 22, no. 3

1--8

PL

Przedstawiony system jest projektem naukowo-wdrożeniowym realizowanym w Katedrze Informatyki Akademii Tarnowskiej we współpracy z Tatrzańskim Ochotniczym Pogotowiem Ratunkowym (TOPR). Celem projektu jest opracowanie systemu ratunkowego dla osób zasypanych w lawinach śnieżnych, wykorzystującego platformę bezzałogowego statku powietrznego (BSP/UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), zintegrowaną z aktywnym detektorem lawinowym LVS (LawinenverschüttetenSuchgerät), a także (w dalszej kolejności) z pasywnym reflektorem ratowniczym Recco Rescue Reflector. Zastosowanie BSP (dronów) do szybszego i bardziej precyzyjnego wykrywania osób zasypanych w lawinie może znacząco usprawnić proces ich ratowania. Do operatora (pilota lub osoby wspomagającej) mogą być przesyłane różne dane, w tym położenie bezzałogowego statku powietrznego (BSP), określane na podstawie sygnału GPS, oraz informacje dotyczące poziomu i kierunku odbieranego sygnału LVS i/lub Recco (odbitego od płytki/reflektora Recco montowanej w odzieży lub butach). Analizowany system może dodatkowo wspomagać działania ratowników poprzez oznaczenie miejsca o największym natężeniu sygnału detektora, na przykład z wykorzystaniem zwalniaka lub oznaczenia farbą.

EN

The presented system is a scientific and implementation project carried out at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow in cooperation with the Tatra Volunteer Search and Rescue (TOPR). The aim of the project is to develop a rescue system for individuals buried in snow avalanches, utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle platform (BSP/UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) integrated with an active avalanche transceiver LVS (Lawinenverschütteten-Suchgerät) and, at a later stage, with a passive Recco Rescue Reflector. The use of UAVs (drones) for faster and more precise detection of avalanche-buried victims may significantly enhance the efficiency of rescue operations. Various data may be transmitted to the operator (pilot or supporting personnel), including the UAV’s position determined from GPS signals, as well as information regarding the level and direction of the received LVS and/or Recco signals (reflected from a Recco plate/reflector embedded in clothing or footwear). The analyzed system may additionally support rescuers by marking the location of the highest detected signal intensity, for example by using a release mechanism or color marking.

17

The Impact of Weather on Counter-UAS DTII: Effects on Detection and Effectiveness

Sobolewski Michał

Safety & Defense

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2025

|

2

28--36

EN

The paper examines how meteorological conditions affect all components of the DTII chain (Detection–Tracking–Identification– –Incapacitation) in counter-UAS operations and tests whether the Russian Armed Forces deliberately time mass Shahed strikes to exploit favorable atmospheric phenomena. The review section summarizes the weather vulnerabilities of radar, EO/IR, acoustic, and RF sensing, highlighting near-surface temperature inversions and radar ducting (range extension/radar “holes,” increased false echoes, EO/IR degradation, and relatively improved acoustic propagation). The research section performs a hindcast analysis of strikes on Ukraine from August 1, 2024 to September 15, 2025 (strike counts from official Ukrainian releases/Telegram; weather from ICON and ERA-5 reanalyzes). “Salient strikes” are defined as episodes exceeding at least twice the monthly mean number of UAS. Over that period, 44,390 UAS were launched and 26,701 neutralized (~60%). Of 158 strikes with >100 UAS, 78% occurred under inversion; all 39 strikes with >200 UAS took place during inversion conditions. From February 2025 onward, the correlation is unambiguous: inversion days represent roughly half of the calendar but account for 76% of all launched UAS (February to September). City-level results show that 25/26 (96%) of Kyiv’s largest strikes, 14/15 (93%) in Odesa, and 8/8 (100%) in Lviv coincided with inversions. We infer systematic Russian selection of “inversion windows,” even though reported Ukrainian C-UAS effectiveness (~60%) does not markedly drop on those days. We recommend multi-sensor fusion, operational “risk-window” forecasting, and institutionalizing an “owning-the-weather” approach in C-UAS planning, alongside continued validation of system thresholds and methods.

18

Recommendations for planning UAV flight missions for geodata collection

Hutsul Taras, Lysko Bogdan, Zhezhera Ivan, Tkach Vladyslav, Tsvyk Tetyana

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2025

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Vol. 119

62--70

EN

A number of different types of information are generally associated with places. It is estimated that about 75-90 % of information may contain an official link to a specific area, expressed as, for example, coordinates, or addresses, and therefore has a spatial character, making data collection a responsible and important stage, which reasonably affects the quality of its results. Information and its sources are treated with particular care and rigor in the scientific field: in most cases, the data must be relevant, reliable, technically simple, and collected quickly at reasonable costs. The analysis of geographic information makes it possible to obtain qualitatively new information and reveal previously unknown patterns. Modern data collection methods are divided into three distinct groups: terrestrial, cartographic, and remote. Remote or aerospace methods are considered to be those that allow information to be collected. It refers to objects on the Earth's surface, phenomena, or processes from space or the atmosphere, recorded by detecting electromagnetic radiation on the ground across various spectral ranges. The involvement of various platforms (providers) of surveillance equipment makes it possible to divide them into: space, aerial photography, and images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). As a technology justified on security grounds, UAVs show great promise in many areas of application. Effective planning of drone missions allows for the collection of larger sets of data with a higher level of detail and in a shorter period of time. The continuity of information collection for a given territory allows for the most accurate and reliable three-dimensional modelling, spatial analysis and geostatistics of the local situation.

19

Geomatyka górnicza w praktyce: 50 lat map, GIS i dronów w służbie cyfrowej Bogdanki

Krawczyk Artur, Bojarczuk Sławomir

Przegląd Górniczy

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2025

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T. 82, nr 3

89--93

PL

Artykuł przedstawia dorobek działu mierniczego LW „Bogdanka” S.A., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego roli w procesach pomiarowych, dokumentacyjnych i zarządzania informacją przestrzenną. Opisano rozwój technologiczny od klasycznych metod geodezyjnych po współczesne wdrożenia UAV, LiDAR oraz aplikacji SoftMine. Podkreślono znaczenie działu w aspekcie społecznym, współpracę z jednostkami naukowymi, a także wdrażanie systemów informatycznych wspierających eksploatację i bezpieczeństwo górnicze. Wskazano także kierunki dalszej cyfryzacji i rozwoju w stronę inteligentnej kopalni.

EN

The article presents achievements of the surveying department at LW “Bogdanka” S.A., with particular emphasis on its role in measurement, documentation and spatial information management. The paper describes technological progress from classical geodetic methods to modern implementations of UAV, LiDAR, and SoftMine applications. The department’s social impact, cooperation with research institutions, and the use of IT systems supporting mining exploitation and safety are highlighted. Future directions of digitization and development towards an intelligent mine are also indicated.

20

Wysokociśnieniowy elektrolizer alkaliczny HiPE200 jako polowa ładowarka wodorowa do BSP zasilanych wodorem

Sierpowski Korneliusz, Bałaga Dominik, Siegmund Michał, Debita Grzegorz, Górski Krzysztof, Ptak Przemysław

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2025

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R. 101, nr 10

90--95

PL

Obecne realia nowoczesnej wojny wskazują na bardzo wysokie wykorzystanie Bezzałogowych Systemów Powietrznych w warunkach bojowych. W związku z rozwojem technologii Bezzałogowych Systemów Powietrznych zasilanych sprężonym wodorem zaistniała nowa potrzeba dla wojska – polowe ładowarki wodorowe. Układ ładowarki polowej musi spełniać wymogi niskiego gabarytu, cichej pracy, wysokiego bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji, prostej konstrukcji oraz wysokiej pewności ruchowej. Odpowiedzią na te wymogi jest wysokociśnieniowy elektrolizer alkaliczny opracowywany w projekcie HIPE200.

EN

The current realities of modern war indicate a very high use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in combat conditions. Due to the development of the technology of Unmanned Aerial Systems powered by compressed hydrogen, there is a new need for the army - hydrogen field chargers. The field loader system must meet the requirements of small dimensions, quiet operation, high operational safety, simple structure and high operational reliability. The response to these requirements is the high-pressure alkaline electrolyzer developed in the HIPE200 project.