Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 241

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 13 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  gasification
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 13 next fast forward last
PL
Zgazowanie odpadów komunalnych stanowi alternatywę dla dużych spalarni odpadów. Optymalna wydajność takich instalacji oscyluje w granicach 2 – 3 Mg/h. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wstępne badania przeprowadzone na instalacji o wydajności 500 kg/h, działającej w skali technicznej. Analizowano właściwości fizyko-chemiczne frakcji nadsitowej (o grubości >80 mm) odpadów komunalnych, które następnie poddano procesowi zgazowania w obrotowej komorze. Przeprowadzono również pobór próbek gazu procesowego generowanego podczas zgazowania i dokonano analizy chromatograficznej jego składu. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników określono wartość opałową wytwarzanego gazu.
EN
Gasification of municipal waste is an alternative to large waste incinerators. The optimum efficiency of such installations is around 2-3 Mg/h. This paper presents preliminary studies conducted on an installation with a capacity of 500 kg/h, operating on a technical scale. The physicochemical properties of the oversieve fraction (>80 mm thick) of municipal waste were analyzed, which was then subjected to the gasification process in a rotating chamber. Samples of the process gas generated during gasification were also taken and its composition was analyzed chromatographically. The calorific value of the gas produced was determined on the obtained results.
EN
The growing global energy demand has driven the exploration of alternative, more environmentally friendly energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Palm kernel shell (PKS), a biomass waste, and coal, a primary fossil fuel, have distinct thermochemical characteristics, which present both challenges and opportunities in gasification processes. This study aims to analyze and compare the thermochemical properties of both feedstocks, including proximate and ultimate analyses, gasification efficiency, calorific values, and syngas composition. The research involved raw material characterization, gasification in a reactor, and gas composition analysis using gas chromatography. Results indicated that PKS has a significantly higher volatile matter content (68.31% adb) compared to coal (41.75%), resulting in a higher H2CO ratio (24.19% at 500 °C). Conversely, coal exhibited a higher gross calorific value (HHV) at lower temperatures, reaching 25.38 MJ/Nm3 at 350 °C. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (%CCE) of PKS remained more stable at moderate temperatures, achieving 89.19% at 350 °C, compared to coal, whose efficiency dropped drastically to 7.07% at 650 °C. In conclusion, PKS demonstrates significant potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly renewable energy feedstock at moderate to high temperatures, and it could replace or complement coal in clean energy applications.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki walidacji istniejącego stanowiska eksperymetalnego zgazowania tlenowego w programie EBSILON Professional. Pierwszym etapem była analiza wrażliwości modelu komputerowego, drugim - walidacja, a trzecim – analiza wyników. W pracy skupiono się na doborze parametrów pracy reaktora oraz zasilania czynnika zgazowującego tak, aby uzyskać oczekiwany skład syngazu. Paliwem do reakcji zgazowania był pelet drzewny. Przedstawiono strukturę analizowanego modelu, założenia oraz opisano wykonywane elementy walidacji. Na końcu porównano ostateczne wyniki modelu komputerowego oraz rzeczywistego stanowiska. Uzyskanie oczekiwanego składu syngazu w modelu komputerowym jest możliwe (z niewielką różnicą), a potencjalne różnice wynikają ze niewielkiej skali instalacji eksperymentalnej.
EN
The paper presents a validation of experimental oxygen gasification installation 1n Ebsilon. First stage as sensitivity analysis, second— validation, and third — results analysis. The work focuses on the determining perating reactor parameters and gasification medium flow in order to achieve convergence results comparing to xperimental installation. Fuel for gasification was softwood pellet. Structure of analyzed model, assumptions and lement of validation has been described. Finally, the final results of the computer model and the actual position ere compared.
EN
The lignite resource has been under consideration for the subsurface cultivation and gasification (SCG) method to produce biomethane from lignite in Hokkaido, Japan. The primary phase of the method entails initiating the oxidative transformation of lignite using an H2O2 solution, resulting in the formation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a pivotal component. To examine the effects of induced oxidation on lignite's mechanical properties, artificial oxidation tests were conducted to form DOC. While there was a slight decrease in P-wave velocity and density, the uniaxial compression and indirect tensile strengths, as well as stiffness, did not decrease. These results were obtained at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, further examination of the results under pore and confining pressures and at a higher temperature is necessary. However, it is expected that a significant strength decrease due to H2O2 oxidation would not need to be considered in the SCG method. This would lead to a reasonable design of the SCG site, saving time and costs. Moreover, DOC, strengths, and Young’s modulus showed positive correlations with P-wave velocity. Its measurement could be an effective tool for designing the site and predicting the performance of the SCG method.
EN
Indonesia is a country that has abundant natural resources such as palm oil, coal and so on. These two types of coal mining and palm oil plantation sectors have provided many benefits for community welfare. The aims of research is to utilize palm oil industry waste in the form of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and fine coal waste (FCW) into synthetic gas (syngas) through a catalytic gasification process which is then used as a source of energy and/or synthesis chemicals. Gasification temperatures are 450 °C, 550 °C and 650 °C. Gasification time 20, 30 and 40 minutes. The ratio between pillared bentonite catalyst and EFB is 0.125 and 0.25. The resulting syngas is analysed for the content of H2, CO, CH4 and CO gases. At gasification temperatures of 450 °C, 550 °C and 650 °C, the H2 /CO gas ratio is 1.90; 2.05 and 2.27. The increase in this ratio is not very significant, because the increase in the H2 /CO ratio increases only 19.47% from a temperature of 450 °C to a temperature of 650 °C. The comparison value between combustible gas (H2, CO and CH4) and non-combustible gas (CO2), namely the CG/NCG ratio shows the quality of a syngas. The higher the CG/NCG value, the better syngas is as a gas fuel because it has a higher heating value. The CG/NCG value at a temperature of 450 °C is 14.18, while at a temperature of 550 °C it is 17.16 and at 650 °C it is 21.41. With an increase in temperature from 450 °C to 650 oC the increase in CG/NCG value is 51%. Therefore, by increasing the CG/NCG value, the quality of the syngas will increase and the calorific value of burning the syngas will improve. The HHV value at a temperature of 450 °C is 8.34 MJ/Nm3, at a temperature of 550 °C is 12.32 MJ/Nm3 and at a temperature of 650 °C is 15.53 MJ/Nm3. Thus, increasing the temperature from 450 °C to 650 °C, there is an increase in HHV of 86.21%. This result is economically beneficial because the increase in calorific value will increase the benefits of syngas. The higher the HHV value, the better the syngas is used as gas fuel. The HHV value at a temperature of 450 °C is 7.49 MJ/Nm3, at a temperature of 550 °C is 11.06 MJ/Nm3 and at a temperature of 650 °C is 13.91 MJ/Nm3. Thus, by increasing the gasification temperature from 450 °C to 650 °C, there is also an increase in LHV of 85.71%, meaning it has increased quite significantly. When compared with the use of 0.125% catalyst, the increase in catalyst concentration of 0.25% is smaller than 91.90%. From the experimental results it can be concluded that increasing temperature will improve the quality of syngas. Improving the quality of syngas can be done through the syngas enrichment process through the conversion of CO2 gas reacting with carbon to produce CO gas. The concentration of CO2 gas can be reduced by absorbing CO2 gas by the Ca(OH) 2 solution.
PL
Jednym z warunków prawidłowego zarządzania pracą sieci wyspowej zasilanej z stacji regazyfikacji LNG jest planowanie dostaw opartych o prognozy zużycia. Na podstawie zgromadzonych danych atmosferycznych oraz zużycia gazu z wybranej stacji na przestrzeni dwóch lat określono wpływ czynników atmosferycznych na konsumpcję gazu ziemnego za pomocą sztucznych sieci neuronowych. Wyznaczono wpływ miesiąca oraz dnia (parametr sztuczny) na konsumpcję gazu. Wyznaczono model sieci neuronowych dający najlepsze dopasowania za pomocą współczynnika korelacji.
EN
One of the conditions for proper management of the islanded network supplied by LNG regasification stations is planning deliveries based on consumption forecasts. Based on collected meteorological data and gas consumption from a selected station over a two-year period, the impact of atmospheric factors on natural gas consumption was determined using artificial neural networks. The influence of the month and day (artificial parameter) on gas consumption was identified. A neural network model was developed to achieve the best fits using correlation coefficients.
PL
Zgazowanie parą wodną stanowi innowacyjny proces przekształcania odpadów elektronicznych, oparty na termicznym przekształcaniu materii organicznej w gaz syntezowy. W przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnych metod spalania, zgazowanie to wykorzystuje parę wodną, co pozwala na efektywne odzyskiwanie surowców oraz minimalizację emisji substancji szkodliwych. Proces ten ma potencjał, by zrewolucjonizować przemysł recyklingu elektroniki, zapewniając bardziej efektywną i ekologiczną alternatywę dla konwencjonalnych metod przetwarzania.
EN
The decarbonisation of transport is one of the key aspects in the context of environmental protection. These emissions are particularly noticeable in highly urbanised areas, where the possibility of dispersal of harmful substances is much lower. A way to improve emission factors is the introduction of hydrogen vehicles. Burning hydrogen in engines significantly reduces emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere compared to the combustion of conventional fuels used today. Hydrogen can be obtained by gasifying waste in a steam atmosphere. Electronic waste is a special type of waste characterised by a high degree of commingling, which makes it difficult to treat. The volume of this type of waste is increasing year on year. As a result of this process, we are able to obtain syngas. This gas, after separation processes, can be a source of hydrogen, an energy carrier that could prove crucial in low-carbon energy or transport applications. This paper presents the results of the gasification of electronic waste, the composition of the syngas obtained in the process and an assessment of the potential of this waste treatment technology to power means of transport.
9
Content available remote Zielony wodór : krótka monografia. Część 1, Procesy wytwarzania
PL
Dokonano przeglądu metod wytwarzania zielonego wodoru z wykorzystaniem odnawialnych surowców i źródeł energii. W szczególności przedstawiono przemysłowe procesy elektrolizy wody, prowadzonej w elektrolizerach zasilanych energią słoneczną lub energią turbin wiatrowych, oraz procesy konwersji organicznych odpadów (w tym komunalnych) do wodoru.
EN
A review, with 65 refs., of methods for prodn. of H₂ by using renewable raw material and energy sources. In particular, industrial processes for electrolysis of H₂O with renewable elec. energy (photovoltaics or wind farms) and for org. waste-to-H₂ conversion were taken into consideration.
PL
Opisano katalityczno-utleniającą konwersję palnych substancji węglonośnych w fazie gazowej, parowej, ciekłej, a nawet pyłowej do gazu syntezowego, czyli mieszaniny wodoru H₂ i tlenku węgla CO. W przypadku materii stałej zastosowano najpierw jej uproszczoną pirogazyfikację do fazy lotnej.
EN
A mixt. of wood chips and bark (approx. 2 cm) from deciduous and coniferous trees in equal proportions was gasified in a horizontal counter-current gasifier, and the resulting gas was subjected to catalytic oxidative conversion using a Ce/Ni catalyst. A mix. of H₂ and CO was obtained, which contained less than 0.1 g/m³ of tar.
11
EN
The coal gasification process in this study aimed to increase the quality of low-rank coal (LRC) from lignite type to coal with semi-anthracite and anthracite grades with higher fixed carbon values. The gasification process was carried out at temperatures between 700-900 °C. In the initial stages of the study, the relationship between the increase in gasification temperature with the mass of coal and the gasification process time was investigated. The proximate and ultimate analysis was carried out to determine the characteristics of the raw materials used and the coal char produced from combustion. The analysis results are used to calculate the fuel ratio, where the fuel ratio is a parameter to determine the grade of coal. In addition, an SEM-spot EDS analysis was carried out on the gasified coal solids to ensure the fixed carbon content produced from the above process. The results showed that the gasification process could raise the grade of LRC into char products with semi-anthracite to anthracite, where the fuel ratio reached 10.84. From the product analysis results, the LRC coal gasification results using SEM-EDS showed that carbon reached 98.58%. The remaining inorganic elements in the product are less than 1.5%, such as Al, Si and K.
PL
W części pierwszej publikacji skupiono się na przeglądzie istniejących instalacji LNG na świecie, możliwości gazyfikacji wyspowych z wykorzystaniem LNG oraz omówiono budowę stacji gazyfikacji LNG. Proces prognozowania zostanie przedstawiony w drugiej części artykułu. W ciągu ostatnich lat proces gazyfikacji przebiegał bardzo intensywnie w zakresie zwiększenia liczby odbiorców gazu oraz rozwoju infrastruktury sieciowej. W Polce są obszary, które nie posiadają sieci gazowej a jej budowa jako inwestycja liniowa jest nieopłacalna lub nie ma odpowiedniej przepustowości w istniejącej i relatywnie blisko danego obszaru położonej sieci gazowej. W takiej sytuacji pojawia się możliwość wykorzystania stacji regazyfikacji LNG, które zasilają wyspowe obszary w paliwo gazowe.
EN
The first part of the publication focused on a review of existing LNG installations in the world, the possibilities of island gasification using LNG, and the construction of LNG gasification stations was discussed. The forecasting process will be presented in part 2 of the article. Over the past few years, the gasification process has been intensively developing in terms of increasing the number of gas consumers and expanding the infrastructure of the gas network. In Poland, there are areas that do not have a gas network, and constructing a linear investment for this purpose is not profitable or the existing gas network nearby does not have sufficient capacity to serve the given area. In such a situation, the possibility arises to utilize LNG regasification stations to supply gas fuel to isolated areas.
EN
Syngas has a promising future as alternative to petroleum products and as a fuel for combustion engines. This study provides an overview on the feasibility of using syngas to power internal combustion engines. It presents technological process solutions for producing syngas toward minimizing the formation of tars as the most undesirable component for engine applications.. The combustion process characteristic of syngas composition has been tackled including critical criteria such as the flammability limit, ignition delay, laminar velocity, turbulent velocity, and the subsequent challenges in determining a numerical methods that best matches the experimental datas. The syngas usage as alternative resource, while tackling the uncertainty issue of its composition, for Compression Ignition (CI) and Spark Ignition (SI) with the emission and performance effectiveness has been studied as well. The results of the review showed that syngas can be a viable alternative for some stationary applications, such as advanced integrated systems (ICCG), but its application is, however, relatively limited, for example as a secondary fuel in engines (CI) for automotive applications. However, significant discrepancies between numerical (simulation) and experimental results have been noted. This suggests that there are many scientific and experimental challenges in the area of syngas combustion processes in internal combustion engines. However, given the potential of this group of fuels, especially in the face of the energy crisis, this research is highly desirable and has a significant application perspective.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, których celem było wykazanie możliwości wykorzystania pomiotu drobiowego, jako surowca energetycznego. Dzięki temu skutecznie zostanie ograniczone zużycie paliw kopalnych na potrzeby własne, ulegną obniżeniu koszty produkcji drobiu oraz zostanie ograniczony problem ekologiczny wynikający z możliwości zagospodarowania pomiotu. Badania przeprowadzono na prototypie instalacji zgazowania, której zasadę działania dokładnie opisano. Opisano również wykorzystane metody pomiarowe oraz użytą do badań aparaturę pomiarową. Wykonano badania właściwości fizyko-chemicznych pomiotu drobiowego, składu gazu, jego wartości opałowej oraz przeprowadzono pomiary emisji spalin. Z analizy przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że ciepło spalania suchej masy pomiotu wynosi 17,04 MJ/kg i jest to wartość porównywalna z ciepłem spalania drewna oraz słomy. Niestety pomiot cechuje się wysoką zawartością popiołu, wynoszącą 9,11% oraz dużym udziałem części lotnych, wynoszącym 78,4 %. Stwierdzono bardzo niską zawartość siarki. Pomiot zawiera duży udział części lotnych, co wykazano w czasie badania za pomocą analizatora TGA. Po odgazowaniu masa próbki zmniejszyła się o 71%.
EN
The article presents the results of research aimed at demonstrating the possibility of using poultry manure as an energy raw material. Thanks to this, the consumption of fossil fuels for own needs will be effectively limited, the costs of poultry production will be reduced and the environmental problem resulting from the possibility of managing the manure will be limited. The tests were carried out on a prototype of a gasification installation, the principle of which was described in detail. The measurement methods used and the measuring apparatus used for the tests were also described. Physical and chemical properties of poultry manure, gas composition and calorific value were tested, and exhaust emissions were measured. The analysis of the conducted research shows that the combustion heat of the dry matter of manure is 17.04 MJ / kg, which is a value comparable to the combustion heat of wood and straw. Unfortunately, the manure is characterized by a high ash content, amounting to 9.11%, and a large share of volatile parts, amounting to 78.4%. A very low sulfur content was found. The manure contains a high proportion of volatile matter, as shown by testing with a TGA analyzer. After degassing, the sample weight decreased by 71%.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono tezy związane z oceną zasadności podjęcia badań nad procesem pozyskiwania paliw przy wykorzystaniu instalacji zgazowania biomasy oraz elektrolizerów wysokotemperaturowych. Opisano założenia dotyczące podjętej tematyki, przedstawiono schemat technologiczny zaproponowanego rozwiązania systemowego jak i przedstawiono plany realizacji badań.
EN
The article presents the theses related to the assessment of the validity of undertaking research on the process of fuels production with the use of biomass gasification installations and high-temperature electrolysers. Assumptions regarding the undertaken subject are described, a technological diagram of the proposed system solution is presented, as well as plans for the implementation of the research is shown.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania możliwości zastosowania filtra ceramicznego w instalacji zgazowania biomasy oraz sprawdzenie skuteczności odpylania w przypadku odpylania powstającego gazu procesowego zamiast odpylania spalin. Dzięki temu można uzyskać znacznie niższy poziom emisji pyłu, niż w przypadku odpylania spalin. Badania przeprowadzono na oryginalnym stanowisku do zgazowania biomasy, w którym jako materiał wykorzystano trociny z drzew iglastych. Opisano zasadę działania stanowiska, metodykę pomiarów oraz wykorzystane przyrządy pomiarowe. Zmierzono zapylenie gazu przed i za filtrem, określając skuteczność odpylania gazu na poziomie 99,1%. Przeprowadzono analizę gazu procesowego oraz odseparowanego pyłu. W oparciu o wyniki tych analiz oszacowano zapylenie spalin za komorą spalania gazu. Wyliczono, że zawartość pyłu w spalinach zmniejszyła się 11-to krotnie w stosunku do zapylenia gazu procesowego za filtrem. W trakcie badań przeprowadzono pomiar zapylenia spalin opuszczających komorę spalania. Stwierdzono dobrą zgodność obliczonej wartości zapylenia z wartością zmierzoną za komorą spalania. Metoda szacowania pozwoliła obliczyć całkowitą skuteczność odpylania spalin za pomocą filtra ceramicznego. Na jej podstawie określono skuteczność odpylania filtra na poziomie 99,9%.
EN
This paper presents a study on the application of a ceramic filter in the biomass gasification process and its efficiency in particulate matter removal from the process gas and flue gas. A significant advantage of this type of filter is its high efficiency in small particle removal (< 1 µm). This feature allows us to reach the much lower emissions that are required by the applicable standards. The study was performed using an original biomass gasification installation, where conifer scobs were used as feedstock. The installation, its operation and measurement methodology are described in the article. The study included the analysis of process gas and particulate matter, as well as particulate matter content before and after the filter was applied. The measurements indicate that the efficiency of particulate matter removal reaches 99.1%. The analysis of particulate matter in the process gas allowed us to determine that its content was 18.26%, and additionally it was indicated that it contained combustible parts, which undergo combustion in the combustion chamber. It was found that the content of particulate matter is reduced 11 times when compared to the process gas before the filter. An accurate estimation of particulate matter content in flue gas has been also shown for the system without the ceramic filter. As a result, the method allowed us to determine the overall efficiency of particulate matter removal using the ceramic filter, which is equal to 99.9%.
EN
The article presents a new approach to forecasting producer gas composition. Thermochemical treatment of biomass was presented as an effective method of producing flammable gas. The methods of predicting the gas composition of the generator are described, and then its efficiency depends on the device’s parameters. In order to create a method for forecasting gas composition, the authors’ works were used as the basis on which the energy characteristics of the gases obtained were assessed. It was assumed in this paper that it is essential to understand the influence of each parameter on the energy characteristics of the gas. It made it possible to optimize the composition and predict thermal characteristics. This article presents the results of experimental studies on biomass gasification and a mathematical model based on Gibbs free energy.
PL
Problem opłacalnej energetycznie i ekonomicznie utylizacji biomasy odpadowej – w szczególności osadów ściekowych oraz innych zanieczyszczonych typów biomasy jest przedmiotem wielu analiz i badań. W przypadku porządku prawnego, panującego w Polsce, szczególne znaczenie ma fakt uznania osadu ściekowego za biomasę, potwierdzony przez nowelizację ustawy o Odnawialnych Źródłach Energii. Ponadto, Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki z dn. 16/07/2015 w sprawie dopuszczania odpadów do składowania na składowiskach zabrania składowania ustabilizowanych osadów ściekowych (kod 19 08 05) o wartości opałowej większej niż 6 MJ/kg - w praktyce uniemożliwia to ich składowanie.
EN
The catalytic conversion of a model tar compound, namely: naphthalene contained in a simulated producer gas from wood gasification process was investigated. The sol-gel approach was used to create a mesoporous Cepromoted Ni/alumina catalyst with high surface area. A surface area of 333 m2g was achieved by calcination of the mesoporous catalyst (17 wt% Ni and 2.8 wt% Ce) under air conditions at 1123 K. The catalysts were characterized using the N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, and SEM techniques, and their promotion effect on producer gas reforming and tar removal was studied under dry, steam, and partial oxidation conditions. The Ni-based catalysts effectively converted naphthalene and increased the proportion of H2 and CO in the reformed gas. Incorporating Ce into the catalyst increased the proportion of H2 and CO in the reformed gas, while lowering the amount of CH4 and CO2. In the absence of oxygen, catalytic reforming of the producer gas resulted in 79.6% naphthalene conversion, whereas catalytic partial oxidation conditions resulted in 99.1% naphthalene conversion.
EN
Rapid urbanization combined with high economic growth, industrialization, and changes in socio-economic conditions increase the quantity of municipal solid waste. Cities located in South-Asia are facing serious issues due to waste, with countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan top of the list of bad waste management. The increasing generation of solid waste and also the improper management of waste in Bangladesh leads to environmental degradation. Current waste management practice in Bangladesh is so weak that day by day it is harming the climate and creating a lot of unwanted situations. This research consists of an examination of the current administrative measures and presents another proposition for the executive cycle to decrease ecological contamination. The research study aims to decrease the amount of waste being dumped into municipal sanitary landfill sites & converting the waste into energy which is both financially and environmentally suitable by involving unemployed people in the management system. The results of this study will give an idea of how waste can be utilized as a resource and how this resource can be a capital good as well as how the local level problems can be solved by taking some strategies and making our environment suitable for future generations.
first rewind previous Strona / 13 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.