Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Microwave assisted production of biodiesel using CaO nano-catalyst produced from mango fallen leaves extract

Mahmood Sarah S., AL-Yaqoobi Atheer M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 26, nr 1

248--259

EN

With technological development, the use of modern methods in producing biofuels, especially biodiesel, has become necessary to make the process more sustainable and time-efficient. In this study, the feasibility of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using CaO nanocatalyst produced from mango fallen leaves extract with the aid of microwave was explored. The effect of key parameters such as microwave power, methanol to oil w/w ratio, reaction time, and catalyst loading was studied. The results demonstrated that the highest yield of 96% was obtained at 10% microwave power at 15 minutes, 40% methanol to oil w/w ratio, and 3% catalyst loading. In addition, the augmentation in the temperature may cause to reduced yield of biodiesel. The physical and fuel characteristics of the produced biodiesel were measured; it had a viscosity of 5 mm2/s, a density of 0.889 g/cm3, and a flash point of 130 °C. In addition, the produced biodiesel was characterized by FTIR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis which ensured the presence of methyl ester.

2

Investigation of Waste Cooking Oil processing using HAAS automated reactors system

Tomikowska Róża, Tomikowski Rafał, Łapiński Krzysztof, Goderski Szymon, Kopiński Maciej, Siedlecki Marcin, Ochowiak Marek, Czernek Krystian

Green Sciences

|

2025

|

Vol. 27, nr 2

1--10

EN

The processing of waste cooking oils (WCO) is a complex process that heavily depends on their chemical and physical properties. The work described in this article includes research on the processing of WCO samples using transesterification methods. An automated reactor system Matrix9 HAAS was used to perform process studies and FT-IR measurements. Transesterification of oils in the presence of KOH might be directly applied as the optimal one for oils with a low acid number, while for oils with a higher acid number an additional esterification step is advisable in the presence of an acid catalyst or under conditions of high temperature and pressure.

3

Performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by Tiska 68-based synthetic fuel blends

Mouzong Bongne Francis, Bencherif Mohamed, Ayissi Merlin Zacharie

Combustion Engines

|

2025

|

R. 64, nr 2

34--43

EN

This work compares and studies the performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled by diesel and blends of a fuel derived from used industrial oil. Tiska 48 used industrial oil is used as raw material. By transesterification of this oil, biodiesels were created and combined with diesel in proportions of 15%, 30% and 45%. Diesel engine emissions, performance, and combustion were calculated at a nominal speed of 1600 rpm and load variation. The procedure and experimental design for extracting the new fuel by transesterification are described in detail. The first part of the study focused on the identification and physicochemical characterization of the fuels in order to establish selection criteria for direct use on an engine test bench. The characteristics studied were liquid density, kinematic viscosity, dynamic liquid viscosity, acid number and flash point. A set of three mixing ratios was selected for fuel synthesis. The second part was devoted to bench tests carried out on a Kipor 178F diesel engine. Synthetic fuels were tested with 15%, 30% and 45% BT 68 fuel blends. A comparative study was carried out, highlighting engine performance and NOx, CO, BFCS and EGT emissions for each fuel used. Blending pure diesel with synthetic fuel reduced carbon monoxide and NOx emissions by 85% and 65%, respectively. The BFCS of the biodiesel combinations is in perfect agreement with that of pure diesel but slightly higher (around 9.12%) overall.

4

Comparing adding Co3O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles to improve the performance and emission of biodiesel fuel prepared from waste oils in diesel engines

Hassan Qais Hussein, Alalwan Hayder Abdulkhaleq, Alminshid Alaa Hani, Mohammed Malik M.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 10

150--161

EN

This study examined the effect of adding 50 parts per million [ppm] of either Co₃O₄ or Fe₃O₄ metal-oxide nanoparticles to biodiesel produced from used sunflower oil via transesterification on diesel-engine performance and exhaust pollution reduction. The two powders were first examined using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area tests. Next, the nanoparticles (NPs) were fed into a four-stroke, single-cylinder engine running at a steady 2500 rpm, and their effect was measured across a range of loads. Measurements included brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake power (B.P.), brake-thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), exhaust gases (CO, HC, CO₂, NOₓ, and soot), and noise. Adding either NPs improved BSFC by up to 6.6% and 3.3% for cobalt and iron oxides, respectively, and improved efficiency compared to straight biodiesel by 2.7%, 1.4%, respectively. Co₃O₄ outperformed Fe₃O₄, likely because it carries more oxygen and a higher calorific value. Both additives reduced CO and HC by up to 23% and 18%, respectively, yet increased NOₓ; Fe₃O₄ caused a smaller increase. Overall, metal-oxide NPs show promise as simple, low-dose boosters for cleaner, more efficient diesel engines.

5

Investigation of mustard seed biodiesel as alternative fuel for compression ignition engine

Bena Welteji, Hasan Nasim, Stręk Tomasz

Vibrations in Physical Systems

|

2024

|

Vol. 35, nr 2

art. no. 2024218

EN

The global demand for energy is exponentially increasing, driven by population growth and technological advancements. Most of the sources of energy used worldwide are fossil fuels and natural gas. However, the limited availability of these energy resources is a significant challenge faced currently. In the present work, an investigation of mustard seed biodiesel is carried out as an alternative energy source. The transesterification process was employed to prepare biodiesel and experimental method were implemented to determine fuel properties. The density and viscosity of pure mustard oil were high compared to pure diesel. Additionally, the amount of load applied and the different blend types determine the overall engine performance. This study showed that mustard seed biofuel blended with diesel is capable of running the diesel engine and can be used as the best alternative energy sources.

6

Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production by Double-Pipe Static Mixer Reactor

Attahiran Wissarut, Prasertsit Kulchanat, Photaworn Songtham

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 4

142--157

EN

This study investigates continuous biodiesel production from refined palm oil (RPO) using a 250-cm-length double-pipe static mixer (DPSM), mixing elements were employed first with the low-pressure drop static mixer (LPD-SM) and second with the Kenics Static Mixer (K-SM). Four key independent parameters in the transesterif ication reaction–methanol (MeOH) to RPO molar ratio, KOH concentration, static mixer length, and residence time – were optimized to achieve the desired methyl ester content (%E, wt.%), set at 96.5 wt.%. From response surface methodology (RSM), The optimal conditions of LPD-SM were MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5:1, KOH concentration at 0.76 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.7 min residence time. Conversely, K-SM showed optimal conditions with MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5.5:1, KOH concentration at 0.81 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.2 min residence time. Statistical analysis revealed KOH concentration as the most influential parameter, followed by residence time, static mixer length, and MeOH to RPO molar ratio, respectively. In summary, LPD-SM outperformed K-SM in reducing the amount of alcohol and catalyst consumption while maintaining %E at the set point, highlighting its potential as an efficient, sustainable approach for biodiesel production from RPO using a DPSM.

7

Synthesis and characterisation of biobased grease derived from chemically modified waste cooking oil

Sankarannair Sabarinath, Prasannakumar Pranav, Padil Vinod V. T., Gayathri Sabarinadh Baburaj, Babu Appu, Gopal Aswin, Rajasekharan Akash

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2024

|

Vol. 31, nr 4

551--568

EN

As the global population rises, the dependency on edible oils also rises. The used oil possesses environmental concerns due to improper waste oil disposal. This study emphasises the feasibility of repurposing waste cooking oil (WCO) for eco-friendly lubricating grease production, emphasising enhanced stability and performance through chemical modifications. Chemical modifications, primarily transesterification, enhance the oxidative stability and chemical properties of WCO. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analyse the fatty acid profile, and the hot oil oxidation test (HOOT) assesses the oxidative characteristics of WCO. The formulated grease using WCO undergoes tribological testing and penetration value testing. Results indicate post-transesterification improvements in chemical and oxidative stability, with lowered acid and peroxide values. Modified waste cooking oil (MWCO) exhibits enhanced thermal stability with higher flash and fire points. Viscosity results suggest the potential of MWCO as a lubricant with superior oxidative stability. Tribological properties reveal an improved characteristic value for MWCO, establishing its potential as an eco-friendly grease. Cone penetration tests categorise the formulated grease as NLGI grade 2, indicating a softer consistency with potential advantages for specific applications. The findings offer insights into the sustainable development of the lubricant industry, presenting MWCO as a promising alternative to conventional lubricants.

8

Synteza węglanu dimetylu metodą transestryfikacji węglanu propylenu metanolem z zastosowaniem czwartorzędowych soli oniowych i cieczy jonowych jako katalizatorów

Kotyrba Łukasz, Siewniak Agnieszka, Chrobok Anna

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 11

1217--1222

PL

Węglan dimetylu stanowi ważny półprodukt i rozpuszczalnik w wielu gałęziach przemysłu. Istnieje kilka metod syntezy tego związku, z których obecnie największe znaczenie mają oksydatywne karbonylowanie metanolu oraz transestryfikacja cyklicznych węglanów alkilenowych i metanolu. Przedstawiono przegląd literaturowy dotyczący syntezy węglanu dimetylu przez transestryfikację węglanu propylenu metanolem wobec czwartorzędowych soli oniowych i cieczy jonowych jako katalizatorów.

EN

A review, with 62 refs., of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis methods, along with their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, the process of transesterification of propylene carbonate with MeOH in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts and imidazolium ionic liquids as catalysts was presented. The use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were discussed, among which polymeric materials, MCM41, chitosan, activated C, silica gel and graphene oxide were used as supports.

9

Modeling of Waste Vegetable Oil Biodiesel for Tractor Engine Utilization

Al-Aseebee Munaf D. F., Ketata Ahmed, Gomaa Ahmed E., Moussa Olfa, Driss Zied, Abid Mohamed Salah, Naje Ahmed Samir, Emaish Haitham H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

293--303

EN

Biodiesel is regarded as a clean fuel alternative to fossil diesel fuel for fewer pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. The biodiesel type can be made from waste frying oil, thus it has to be done right. Waste vegetable oil can be provided for free or at a low cost by restaurants and food processors that often use frying oils. Animal fat is also available for free or for a nominal fee from grocery stores, restaurants, and butchers who use lots of fats in their cooking. The methyl ester of oleic acid methyl ester (OAME) biodiesel was produced from used vegetable oil using the transesterification process in order to compare the performance of the 67 kW KUBOTA tractor diesel engine when utilizing OAME and fossil diesel. OAME biofuel was used without being mixed. The engine’s reliability metrics and important indicators, including the brake torque, indicated power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and burn duration, were identified. Optimal implementation was met by fossil diesel and the tested characteristics were very close. The OAME biofuel performs better in terms of volumetric efficiency and duration of combustion than the conventional diesel. The decision to choose a specific biofuel that is produced from a particular source so largely hinges on its availability and economic feasibility wherever it is used.

10

Energy Valorization of Olive Mill Waste Cake – Extraction of Vegetable Oil and Transesterification

Mehdaoui Imane, Majbar Zineb, Hassani El Mokhtar Saoudi, Mahmoud Rachid, Atemni Ibrahim, Ben Abbou Mohamed, Taleb Mustapha, Rais Zakia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 5

306--315

EN

The olive mill wastewater, effluents from the trituration of olives, are treated in most Mediterranean countries by natural evaporation. However, this method of treatment is a source of air and soil pollution by the generation of solid waste, called olive mill waste cake. This work focused on extracting of vegetable oil from this by-product for biodiesel production by transesterification. The extraction took place with a Soxhlet extractor, using hexane as solvent. The vegetable oil and biodiesel were characterized by measuring the physicochemical parameters that identify them according to AFNOR standards. The extraction results show that the oil yield is 21.28%. The oil obtained is characterized by density, water and ash content, acidity, saponification, peroxide and ester. The yield of the oil esterification reaction is 86.41% or about 185 Kg of biodiesel/ton of olive mill waste cake, and in terms of energy 2783.7 MJ or 2 GW.t-1. The biodiesel produced is comparable to petroleum diesel according to EN 14214, 2013.

11

Biodiesel Production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Using Hydrotalcite Catalyst

Agustina Tuty Emilia, Heraldy Eddy, Hadiah Fitri, Hasanudin, Arita Susila, Prakoso Tirto, Sari Tuti Indah, Suprapto Bhakti Yudho, Putra Muhammad Firdaus Kusuma, Ramadhani Dimas Luthfi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 6

172--181

EN

Biodiesel is currently preferred for consumption and has been widely used as a substitute for diesel. This study aimed to determine the effect of various methanol-to-oil ratios in the esterification process and also the effect of hydrotalcite catalyst weight on the transesterification product. The catalyst was characterized with SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TG-DTG-DTA. The esterification process was operated at various oil-to-methanol ratios, i.e., 1:12–1:36 and the transesterification was performed using several catalyst weights, 0.5%–2.5%. The results showed that the optimum conditions of esterification were at the 1:30 molar ratio of oil-to-methanol, which decreased the amount of acid number by 95.75%, while the optimum condition of transesterification was at 1.5% catalyst weight. The characteristics of biodiesel using 0.5–2% hydrotalcite catalyst (acid number, total glycerol, free glycerol, ester levels, viscosity, density, oxidation stability) have met the Indonesian biodiesel standard of SNI-04-7182-2012.

12

Processing and Performance of Blended Biodiesel Produced from Microalgae Pediastrum Boryanum

Chellappa Thiago, da Silva Raphael Eliedson, Filgueira Mário Sérgio Gomes, Rabelo Daniela Aisha Silva de Souza, Lira Isadora Patriota de Aguiar, Bremgartner Afra Raquel de Almeida, Bragato Marcos, Santos Dino Lincoln Figueirôa, Rosa José Guilherme da Silva Santa, Chellappa Naithirithi T., Sanábio Robson Guimarães, Nascimento Rubens M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2021

|

Tom 23

243--262

EN

In this present study, biodiesel was synthesized as per ASTM method by using algae as a raw material, which in the environment is considered as being a harmful waste and of a nature that blooms in ponds, lakes and reservoirs. In order to improve fuel quality, the transesterification process was carried out in this study so as to remove fatty acids and thereafter, analyze several fuel parameters of the biodiesel were determined. The calorific value of the biodiesel and its specific gravity was 42660 kJ/kg and 0.803 g/cm3 respectively. The viscosity of the sample was found to be 1.99. The cetane number of diesel fuel ranged from 40 to 55 and for the biodiesel it was found to be 47. The flashpoint and firepoint of the sample was recorded as 80°C and 94°C respectively. The conclusion is that it is worthy to mention that this process does not require high-end technology; hence, it could be used in the energy generation process in remote areas and as an alternative resource, as well.

13

Biodiesel Production using Oil Extracted from Cooling Pond Wastewater with Esterification of Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst and Transesterification of Na2CO3 Catalyst

Kolakaningrum Chandra Fitri, Agustina Tuty Emilia, Hadiah Fitri

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 10

51--62

EN

While high production of palm oil improves the community economy, it has the potential to damage the environment because it produces the waste containing quite a lot of residual oil. The wastewater generated by this production process flows into the cooling pond before it is further processed in aerobic and anaerobic ponds. The residual oil contained in the cooling pond can be collected and used, e.g. as raw material for biodiesel production. This research aimed to produce biodiesel by utilizing the oil extracted from cooling pond wastewater through the esterification method with a sulfonated carbon catalyst and a transesterification method with the Na2CO3 catalyst. The sulfonated carbon catalyst was made from the palm kernel shells as a solid waste of the palm oil plant. In order to study the optimum amount of catalyst usage, the catalyst ratio was varied, i.e. 8–16% for the esterification process and 1–3% for the transesterification process. The reuse performance of sulfonated carbon catalysts was varied three times. On the basis of the research results, sulfonated carbon catalysts were proven to be effective as heterogeneous catalysts in the esterification process because they can reduce acid level to below 5 mg KOH/g oil. The sulfonated carbon catalyst ratio of 12% was the optimum ratio which can reduce the acid level to 4.62 mg KOH/g oil. The reuse of sulfonated carbon can reduce the acid level to 6.9 mg KOH/g oil at the first reuse. In the transesterification process, the optimum ratio of the Na2CO3 catalyst of 3% was found. The biodiesel produced has met the biodiesel characteristics of National Indonesian Standard (SNI of 7182:2015) with the saponification number of 197.18 mg KOH/g oil, free glycerol of 0.09%, FAME content of 96.79%, and density of 886 kg/m3.

14

Application of in-line ATR FTIR spectroscopy in the denvelopment of coating materials

Kędzierski Michał, Ofat-Kawalec Izabela, Bończa-Tomaszewski Zbigniew

Farby i Lakiery

|

2019

|

nr 3

6--14

EN

Selected examples of using in-line ATR FTIR technique to control the synthesis of coating materials and analyze the interactions of coating components and functional additives will be presented. React IR™ system (Mettler Toledo), composed of portable ATR FTR spectrometer, fiber conduit probe tipped with diamond sensor and software Processing the acquired spectroscopic data, was successfully applied for monitoring of real-time conversion of reactants during the addition of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and maleic acid, emulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, synthesis of polyester resin for powder coatings by transesterification and study on the interaction of isophorone diisocyanate with hydrotalcite nanofiller.

PL

Zaprezentowane zostaną wybrane przykłady zastosowania techniki ATR FTIR in-line do kontroli syntezy materiałów powłokowych i analizy wzajemnego oddziaływania składników wyrobów lakierowych i dodatków funkcjonalnych. System React IR™ (Mettler Toledo), składający się z przenośnego spektrometru ATR FTIR, sondy światłowodowej zakończonej czujnikiem diamentowym i oprogramowania przetwarzającego uzyskane dane spektroskopowe, z powodzeniem zastosowano do monitorowania konwersji reagentów w czasie rzeczywistym podczas dodawania dicyklopentadienu (DCPD) i kwasu maleinowego, polimeryzacji emulsyjnej oktametylocyklotetrasiloksanu, syntezy żywicy poliestrowej do farb proszkowych przez transestryfikację i badania wzajemnego oddziaływania diizocyjanianu izoforonu z nanowypełniaczem w postaci hydrotalcytu.

15

Physicochemical properties of fuel compositions obtained from diesel fuel and different kinds of fatty raw material

Duda K., Piętak A.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 3

137--143

EN

Increased interest in development of alternative fuels used to power combustion engines is caused by excessive use of fuels obtained from mineral sources. Depletion of resources, political aspects as well as the negative impact on the environment are commonly discussed issues in relation to fossil fuels. On the other hand, biodegradability, lower toxic components emissions and interchangeability with mineral fuels are commonly described benefits related to biodiesel, interpreted as fatty acid methyl esters obtained from fatty raw material. Also the multiplicity of raw materials that can be used for production promotes popularization of the biodiesel. However the variety of raw materials can have significant impact on the number of physicochemical properties of alternative fuels due to the differences in molecular structures forming given type of raw material. The article presents analysis of properties of different types of biodiesel and its mixtures with diesel according to the outlines presented in the quality standards for mineral and alternative fuels. Alternative fuels were produced in the laboratory setup from swine, poultry, rape and sunflower fatty raw material. Such parameters as: density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, acid value, oxidation stability, cold filter plugging point, sulphur content, water content and total contamination were examined, based on the results, the quality of the biofuels was evaluated. Study confirms that biofuels derived from plant origin fatty raw material present favorable results in the aspect water content, total contamination, acid value and cold flow properties, thus biofuels derived from animal origin raw fatty material presents lower density and sulphur content.

16

Wpływ wybranych depresatorów na temperaturę zablokowania zimnego filtra dla estrów metylowych z procesów transestryfikacji odpadowych tłuszczów roślinnych i zwierzęcych

Marcinkowski D., Rukowicz B., Golimowski W., Czechlowski M., Krzaczek P., Piekarski W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2017

|

T. 96, nr 9

1927--1930

PL

Zbadano wpływ wybranych depresatorów przeznaczonych do poprawy niskotemperaturowych właściwości biopaliw na jakość biodiesla otrzymywanego z surowców odpadowych. W wyniku transestryfikacji tłuszczów różnego pochodzenia uzyskano biopaliwa o zmiennych parametrach jakościowych. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie wybranych depresatorów nie ma znacznego wpływu na temperaturę zablokowania zimnego filtra (CFPP) badanego biodiesla. Dodatkowo wykazano, że nie ma istnych różnic w CFPP dla estrów metylowych otrzymywanych z tłuszczów posmażalniczych i zwierzęcych.

EN

Three depressants were added (1–15% by mass) to 18 biofuels made by transesterification of frying and animal fats studied then for cold filter plugging points. The temps. decreased with increasing contents of the depressants in the range from -14°C to 18°C depending on the biofuel but the use of depressants did not have any significant effect on the biodiesels.

17

Wpływ ultradźwięków na produkty transestryfikacji olejów roślinnych

Grabowski P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2017

|

T. 96, nr 4

752--755

PL

Zbadano wpływ ultradźwięków na produkty transestryfikacji olejów roślinnych. Sprawdzono zmianę takich właściwości fizykochemicznych, jak gęstość i lepkość, oraz możliwość tworzenia się pierwotnych i wtórnych produktów utlenienia, mających wpływ na stabilność oksydacyjną otrzymywanego biodiesla. Dodatkowo zbadano wpływ ultradźwięków na stężenie estrów metylowych w badanym produkcie. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie ultradźwięków nie wpływa na gęstość, lepkość oraz skład biodiesla, wpływa jednak na pogorszenie stabilności oksydacyjnej, co wynika z powstawania pierwotnych i wtórnych produktów utleniania.

EN

Fatty acid Me ester was treated with ultrasounds at 40°C (energy input 20–100 Wh) and studied for oxidn. stability after 4 and 8 days. The anisidine values of the ester increased with increasing energy input. No substantial changes of the peroxide no., kinematic viscosity and d. were obsd.

18

Kinetics of Enantiomerically Enriched Synthesis of Solketal Esters Using Native and SBA-15 supported P. Fluorescens Lipase

Zniszczoł A., Szymańska K., Kocurek J., Bryjak J., Walczak K., Jarzębski A.

Chemical and Process Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 38, nr 2

209--215

EN

The studies showed that alkaline lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens enables an irreversible transesterification of vinyl esters to give enantiomeric excess (eeR) of about 80% using vinyl butyrate as acyl donor and diisopropyl ether as a solvent, at partially optimized conditions. For the native lipase the process was adequately described by a five-parameter Ping-Pong Bi Bi model for both enantiomers plus expression accounting for the formation of enzyme-acyl donor complex, but for the same lipase supported on mesoporous materials of SBA-15-Oc type, R-product inhibition also had to be taken into account. The use of hydrophobic support increased by more than two-fold the rate of the S-solketal conversion but even more that of R-solketal. Thus the immobilization of lipase had very positive effect on the process kinetics but decreased its enantioselectivity.

19

The effect of the ultrasounds treatment on frying oils intended for biodiesel production

Ambrosewicz-Walacik M., Szostak P., Nitkiewicz S., Tańska M., Walacik M.

Journal of KONES

|

2016

|

Vol. 23, No. 3

19--24

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the ultrasounds treatment of frying oil on their properties important in order to biodiesel production. The research material was a frying oil, which prior to transesterification oil was treated with ultrasounds (37 kHz) during 15, 30 and 60 min. In next step, prepared samples were analysed in terms of fatty acid composition, acid value, FFA % and then subjected to alkali transesterification process. After producing methyl esters the yield of biodiesel was analysed with thin liquid chromatography technique (TLC), and then samples were characterized in terms of viscosity in 40 °C, density at 15 °C, acid value, sulphur content and flash point. The results showed that an ultrasonic treatment had a little impact on the fatty acid composition of the test samples. The yield of biodiesel was the higher the longer time of ultrasounds treatment were used. One the other hand, determined with thin liquid chromatography technique yield of biodiesel was the higher the longer time of ultrasounds treatment were used. What is more, the ultrasounds treatment of oil before transesterification process had no impact on viscosity, density and acid value of these samples, while flash point values and sulphur content were changed.

20

Transestryfikacja enzymatyczna oleju słonecznikowego z wykorzystaniem promieniowania mikrofalowego

Narowska B., Kułażyński M., Łukaszewicz M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2015

|

T. 94, nr 8

1424-1427

PL

Olej słonecznikowy poddano reakcji transestryfikacji z udziałem metanolu oraz biokatalizatora enzymatycznego (Lipaza B z Candida antarctica immobilizowana na Immobead 150) lub homogenicznego katalizatora zasadowego (KOH). W reakcji transestryfikacji stosunek molowy metanolu do oleju wynosił odpowiednio 4:1 i 6:1. Proces prowadzono w układzie tradycyjnego ogrzewania oraz w układzie reaktora przepływowego z ogrzewaniem mikrofalowym. Ogrzewanie energią mikrofalową znacząco skraca czas reakcji przy jednoczesnym wzroście jej wydajności.

EN

Sunflower oil was transesterified with MeOH to biodiesel on homogenous KOH catalyst or on an enzymatic catalyst (lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on Immobead 150) in microwave and conventionally heated reactors. The microwave irradiation resulted in an acceleration of the reaction and increasing the product yield.