Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Problems of reuse of building materials in façade systems

Kopyłow Ołeksij, Domański Roman, Marchwiński Janusz, Leszczyńska-Domańska Małgorzata

Materiały Budowlane

|

2025

|

nr 9

217--224

EN

The article presents the problems and challenges associated with the reuse of building materials in façade systems. Presenting the technical and functional characteristics of building products derived from demolitions and intended for reuse during the design and construction of the most common modern façade systems (ventilated façades, cladding walls, and cavity walls). The reuse of building materials in façade systems involves numerous technical issues that require detailed research. The decision to reuse building products in façade systems is possible after evaluating their technical properties in accordance with applicable standards and technical regulations. Laboratory testing of reused building materials is crucial to ensure the durability, safety, and energy efficiency of the designed façade systems.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problemy i wyzwania związane z ponownym zastosowaniem materiałów budowlanych w systemach elewacyjnych. Omówiono cechy techniczno-użytkowe wyrobów budowlanych pochodzących z rozbiórek, planowanych do ponownego wykorzystania w projektowaniu i wykonawstwie najbardziej rozpowszechnionych we współczesnym budownictwie elewacji (ścian wentylowanych; ścian osłonowych i ścian szczelinowych). Powtórne zastosowanie materiałów budowlanych w systemach elewacyjnych wiąże się z wieloma problemami technicznymi, wymagającymi szczegółowych badań. Decyzja o powtórnym zastosowaniu wyrobów budowlanych w systemach elewacyjnych jest możliwa po dokonaniu oceny ich właściwości technicznych wg obowiązujących norm i przepisów technicznych. Badania laboratoryjne powtórnie wykorzystywanych materiałów budowlanych są kluczowe dla zapewnienia trwałości, bezpieczeństwa i efektywności energetycznej projektowanych systemów elewacyjnych.

2

Analysis of the potential for reusing end‑of‑life wind turbine blades as acoustic barriers

Broniewicz Filip, Dec Karolina, Broniewicz Mirosław

Materiały Budowlane

|

2025

|

nr 7

119--125

EN

Uncertain legal solutions make it more difficult to solve the major issue of managing wind turbine blades after their service life. Existing recycling methods are either energy‑intensive or do not produce valuable recyclates. Making acoustic screen panels out of composite material derived from blades could be an alternative. An study of the potential applications of this solution is included in the article. The primary component of a road acoustic screen, an acoustic panel prototype, was examined for this purpose. The panel’s strength analysis using the Finite Element Method demonstrated that it had adequate stiffness and strength. The prototype’s experimental tests validated the numerical analysis’ findings. Under load, the highest deflection was 29 mm, which was 58% of the allowable value. Furthermore, examination of the composite panel following load removal revealed that the panel’s structure remained unaltered, free of composite material cracks and delaminations. Acoustic tests of the panel will be the next step in the investigation of the potential use of blade components as screens. Their successful outcome will make it possible to start working on this solution’s broader introduction.

PL

Zagospodarowanie łopat turbin wiatrowych po ich okresie użytkowania stanowi ważny problem, w rozwiązaniu którego nie pomagają przepisy prawne. Dostępne metody recyklingu są energochłonne lub nie pozwalają na uzyskanie wartościowych recyklatów. Alternatywą może być wykorzystanie materiału kompozytowego z łopat turbin wiatrowych do paneli ekranów akustycznych. W tym celu przeanalizowano prototyp panelu akustycznego, będącego głównym elementem drogowego ekranu akustycznego. Wykorzystanie metody elementów skończonych do analizy wytrzymałości panelu pokazało, że charakteryzuje się on wystarczającą sztywnością oraz nośnością. Badania doświadczalne prototypu potwierdziły wyniki analizy numerycznej. Maksymalna wartość ugięcia pod obciążeniem normowym wyniosła 29 mm, co stanowi 58% wartości dopuszczalnej. Ponadto, oględziny panelu kompozytowego po usunięciu obciążenia wykazały, że struktura panelu nie została zmieniona, nie stwierdzono pęknięć i rozwarstwień materiału kompozytowego. Kolejnym etapem analizy możliwości wykorzystania elementów pochodzących z łopat turbin wiatrowych jako ekranów będą badania akustyczne panelu. Ich pozytywny wynik pozwoli na rozpoczęcie prac nad wprowadzeniem tego rozwiązania technicznego na szerszą skalę.

3

Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym w ochronie zdrowia. Strategie redukcji odpadów i śladu węglowego w szpitalach

Rolewicz-Kalińska Anna

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

|

2025

|

T. 56, nr 3

6--11

PL

W artykule omówiono wpływ sektora opieki zdrowotnej na środowisko, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problematyki wytwarzania odpadów medycznych oraz emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Zwrócono uwagę na zależności pomiędzy stosowaniem jednorazowych narzędzi i urządzeń medycznych a koniecznością wdrażania zasad gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym (GOZ). Przedstawione analizy wskazują, że implementacja praktyk ponownego wykorzystania materiałów oraz racjonalizacja zarządzania zasobami mogą znacząco ograniczyć ilość odpadów i redukować emisję CO2. Podkreślono, że instrumenty wielokrotnego użytku, przy zachowaniu odpowiednich procedur sterylizacji, mogą zapewnić poziom bezpieczeństwa porównywalny z jednorazowymi odpowiednikami, jednocześnie zmniejszając koszty operacyjne placówek ochrony zdrowia. Wskazano, że przejście na model cyrkularny w medycynie wymaga przezwyciężenia barier regulacyjnych oraz obaw związanych z ryzykiem zakażeń szpitalnych.

EN

The article discusses the environmental impact of the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on the generation of medical waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Attention is drawn to the relationship between the widespread use of single-use medical instruments and devices and the need to implement circular economy (CE) principles. The analyses presented show that the implementation of material reuse practices and the rational management of resources can significantly reduce the amount of waste and CO2 emissions. It is emphasised that reusable instruments, if appropriate sterilisation procedures are maintained, can provide a level of safety comparable to disposable counterparts, while reducing the operating costs of healthcare facilities. It is pointed out that the transition to a circular model in medicine requires overcoming regulatory barriers and concerns about the risk of hospital-acquired infections.

4

Ponowne wykorzystanie i recykling kompozytowych łopat turbin wiatrowych : przegląd obecnych praktyk i perspektywy. Część 1, Badania naukowe

Błędzki Andrzej, Urbaniak Magdalena, Adamcio Andrzej, Sobczyk Marcin, Demski Szymon, Boczkowska Anna, Seidlitz Holger, Köhler Mathias

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 2

225--233

PL

Dokonano przeglądu nowych materiałów stosowanych do produkcji łopat turbin oraz procesów monitorowania konserwacji i stanu strukturalnego tych łopat, a także technologii chemicznego, termicznego i mechanicznego ich recyklingu.

EN

A review, with 34 refs., of new materials for manufacturing the turbine blades, processes for monitoring maintenance and structural health of the blades as well as chem., thermal and mech. blade recycling technologies.

5

Ponowne wykorzystanie i recykling kompozytowych łopat turbin wiatrowych : przegląd obecnych praktyk i perspektywy. Część 3, Różne propozycje oferowane przez małe i średnie firmy

Błędzki Andrzej, Urbaniak Magdalena, Adamcio Andrzej, Sobczyk Marcin, Demski Szymon, Boczkowska Anna, Seidlitz Holger, Köhler Mathias

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 2

241--250

PL

Przedstawiono sposoby ponownego wykorzystania łopat turbin wiatrowych przez małe i średnie firmy (m.in. polską firmę Anmet) oraz dokonano przeglądu różnych propozycji recyklingu. Zaprezentowano nowe możliwości systemów rozdrabniających oraz obiekty architektury, budownictwa drogowego, a także bloki geotechniczne, platformy pływające i wieże widokowe. Uwzględniono także kompozytowe płyty wiórowe oraz odzysk włókien węglowych w procesie pirolizy odpadów.

EN

A review, with 32 refs., of various new proposals for recycling and reusing of wind turbine blades by small companies (including the Polish Anmet company). New projects on shredding blades as well as on architecture objects, road construction, geotechn. blocks, floating platforms and observation towers were presented. Prodn. of composite chipboard panels and recovery of carbon fibers by waste pyrolysis were also included.

6

Ponowne wykorzystanie i recykling kompozytowych łopat turbin wiatrowych : przegląd obecnych praktyk i perspektywy. Część 2, Działalność przemysłowa

Błędzki Andrzej, Urbaniak Magdalena, Adamcio Andrzej, Sobczyk Marcin, Demski Szymon, Boczkowska Anna, Seidlitz Holger, Köhler Mathias

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 2

234--240

PL

Przegląd 33 źródeł odnoszących się do projektów obecnie realizowanych oraz planowanych przez duże konsorcja, dotyczących odzysku materiałów kompozytowych do ich ponownego wykorzystania.

EN

A review, with 33 refs., of projects currently implemented and planned by large consortia in the area of recovering variety of composite materials for their reuse.

7

O ponownym zastosowaniu dachówki ceramicznej z obiektów historycznych

Ryżyński Władysław, Motulewicz Łukasz

Materiały Budowlane

|

2024

|

nr 4

76--81

8

Recovery of the Properties of Spent Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membrane Elements and Ways of their Reuse

Tyvonenko Artem, Ivanova Tetiana, Halkina Kateryna, Mitchenko Tetiana, Vasilyuk Sergey, Kosogina Iryna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 6

322--333

EN

In connection with the rapidly growing market of reverse osmosis membrane elements, particularly those intended for use in commercial water treatment installations, the problem of their regeneration and reuse has become acute. Today, the service life of such elements does not exceed 6–12 months, after which they turn into plastic waste and end up in landfills in the amount of no less than 60.000 tons per year, which leads to the emergence of serious environmental problems. This paper proposes methods and conditions for achieving almost complete restoration of the properties of used commercial reverse osmosis membrane elements by means of their regeneration and modif ication. The possibility of using restored elements in vending machines for filling safe physiologically complete drinking water has been demonstrated.

9

Assessment of Urban Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation–Environmental Feasibility and Sustainable Development–A Case Study in El Jadida

Assal Aicha, Bensemlali Hafssa, Mortadi Halima, Nasrellah Hamid, Aarfane Abdellatif, Bakasse Mina, El Mahi Mohammed, Lotfi El Mostapha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 10

31--41

EN

Morocco, like other arid and semi-arid countries, faces a growing water shortage, necessitating the exploration of alternative solutions. This study investigates the potential use of untreated urban wastewater for irrigation and environmental impact mitigation, focusing on El Jadida as a case study. Throughout the year 2023, from January to December, a comprehensive characterization of physico-chemical, heavy metal, and biological parameters of this unconventional water source was conducted to account for seasonal variations, particularly between rainy and sunny periods. Samples were collected at the inlet of the El Jadida wastewater pre-treatment plant (WWTP) to assess the city’s net pollution levels. Results indicate high values for chemical oxygen demand (COD=741 mg/L), biological oxygen demand (BOD5=344 mg/L), organic load (BOD5/COD ratio=2.2), and biodegradability, suggesting a strong need for biological treatment. Despite compliance with discharge standards, concentrations of heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and fluoride ions (F–) exceed Moroccan irrigation water quality thresholds by 90%, 66.7%, 21.8%, 33.3%, and 86.1%, respectively. Therefore, advanced chemical treatment is highly recommended to mitigate environmental impact and ensure safe reuse for irrigation. The novelty of this study lies in evaluating the suitability of El Jadida’s wastewater for irrigation and environmental impact mitigation, underscoring the critical need for effective treatment solutions to enhance water sustainability in Morocco. Future research will focus on optimizing water treatment processes.

10

Building on the Build. Unfinished Architecture and Confiscated Property as New Palinsesto for the Contemporary Architecture

Tavoletta Concetta

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2024

|

Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 78

EN

The co-presence of multiple temporalities opens a narrative space that includes the biography of each object, the context of its reuse, the intentions of those who wanted it and its reception. The materiality of objects, with the traces they bear of their events, welds these aspects together more and better than the eloquence of a text or the impact of a museum exhibition». Over time, the designer has taken on the role of 'defuser' of bad practices that have changed the appearance of places through dynamics that have escaped the action of even the most attentive scholars of social and urban practices. The need emerged to ask we how to change course with respect to the multitude of anonymous, abandoned and unfinished spaces precisely because of the intrinsic potential of what has emerged as a residue, but which contains within itself all the potential of the repertoire. As George Simmel wrote in his essay dedicated to Auguste Rodin when speaking of what appears unfinished, «If there were some truth in the theory according to which the user must repeat the creative process within himself, this could not happen more energetically than when the imagination of spectator must complete what is unfinished, transferring into him the productive movement between the work as it appears and what should be its final effect». In fact, precisely in what is crystallized in time, the potential of the possible is present, the vision of a future that can come true in the eyes of the beholder. Pre- existence presents itself as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein where «you can give shape to dark and amorphous substances, but you cannot give birth to the substance itself». This research aims to analyse the methods of good practices of designing with pre-existence, useful tools for imagining a new and poetic way of "building on the built"

11

Drugie życie sprężonych płyt kanałowych - czas na działanie

Derkowski Wit

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2024

|

R. 80, nr 5

292--297

PL

Szacuje się, że sektor budowlany odpowiada za około 50% globalnej emisji dwutlenku węgla oraz zużycia zasobów naturalnych, a także olbrzymią ilość odpadów składowanych na wysypiskach. Konieczne stało się zatem znacznie silniejsze zaangażowanie naszej grupy zawodowej w realne zmiany proekologiczne. Idea budownictwa o obiegu zamkniętym stwarza ogromne możliwości dekarbonizacji, szczególnie jeśli rozważane jest ponowne użycie strunobetonowych elementów prefabrykowanych. W referacie omówiono możliwości ponownego wykorzystania już wbudowanych stropów ze sprężonych płyt kanałowych, jak i zasady projektowania nowych, uwzględniającego przyszły demontaż i ponowny ich montaż. Drugie życie płyt kanałowych jest możliwe, co zostało już potwierdzone praktycznymi realizacjami w Holandii, Szwecji czy Finlandii.

EN

The construction sector contributes to approximately 50% of global carbon dioxide emissions and natural resource consumption, along with generating a significant amount of landfilI waste. Thus, there is an urgent need to actively involve our professional community in fostering real environmental change. Embracing circularity in construction presents significant opportunities for decarbonization, particularly in the context of prestressed precast concrete structures. This paper explores the potential for reusing prestressed hollow core slabs already built-in, as well as the principles of designing for future dismantling and reassembly. A second life for hollow core slabs is possible, as has already been confirmed by practical realisations in the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland.

12

Treatment and Valorization of Slaughterhouse Wastewater in Agriculture

Boughou Nisrine, Qoutbane Anas, Hadji Mohamed, Cherkaoui Essediya, Khamar Mohamed, Nounah Abderrahman

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 11

389--398

EN

The reuse of wastewater, after treatment, is part of the country’s water resource mobilization and development strategy. In irrigation and compared to conventional resources, the contribution of treated wastewater remains low, accounting for less than 1% of irrigated areas. However, the reuse of treated wastewater can be an important alternative to the use of untreated freshwater in the agricultural sector, particularly in a country like Morocco, where irrigation uses up to 90% of the consumed water. This study aims to assess the effect of treated wastewater reuse on the growth of beans (using stem length and leaf number). The experiment was conducted by irrigating bean plants with four types of water: raw slaughterhouse wastewater, biologically treated water with light, sand-filtered water, and well water used as a control. The effects of these waters on bean development and production were compared to determine the impact of different treatments. The results indicate that irrigation with treated wastewater can be a viable alternative to the use of untreated water in agriculture, particularly in Morocco, where irrigation represents a significant portion of water consumption. However, prior treatment of wastewater, especially that from slaughterhouses, is crucial to avoid negative effects on crop growth. These results highlight the importance of wastewater treatment before reuse, offering a new perspective on the sustainable management of water resources in Morocco.

13

The reuse of ceramic materials in architectural design - case studies

Magosz Agata

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2024

|

Vol. 17, no. 3

35--42

EN

The global construction industry, notorious for resource consumption and waste production, has found an interest in the circular economy and sustainable development practices. This paper examines the reusability of ceramic building materials within architectural designs, emphasizing the principles of the circular economy and the 3R concept with a special focus on reuse. By performing a comparative analysis of 26 buildings the research explores the strategies for reusing ceramic materials. It categorizes reuse into two approaches: recreation and transformation, while also considering the prevention of materials from becoming waste. The analysis scrutinizes the origin and function of materials, their placement in new designs, and the reasons behind their reuse. The study delineates recurring design patterns of using reclaimed building materials. It also categorizes three main approaches to incorporating reused elements into new structures.

14

Multi-Level Language Architectures as a Foundation for Advanced Enterprise Systems

Frank Ulrich

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

|

2024

|

Vol. 39

9--20

EN

Enterprise systems are the backbone of many companies. Most operational activities are usually not feasible without them. In addition, enterprise systems may also constitute remarkable competitive advantage - or turn out to be a threat to competitiveness, depending on their quality. Enterprise systems in general, ERP systems in particular, have been around for some decades. During this time, they have undoubtedly undergone a maturing process. However, hardly any significant progress has been made regarding foundational architectures and corresponding functions. Based on an analysis of widely undisputed objectives and corresponding shortcomings of current enterprise systems, this paper presents an advanced architecture that enables the construction of self-referential enterprise systems (SRES). SRES promise substantial progress with respect to various essential objectives of enterprise systems. The proposed architecture is based on a multi-level language architecture. Among other things, it allows for the integration of enterprise models and corresponding software at run-time. Thus, it does not only boost reuse and adaptability, but substantially fosters user empowerment, too.

15

Koncepcje ograniczania negatywnego oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne w projektowaniu i realizacji budynków

Michalak Hanna, Torberntsson Aleksandra

Materiały Budowlane

|

2023

|

nr 4

20--24

PL

W artykule przedstawiono współczesne koncepcje projektowania i realizacji obiektów budowlanych uwzględniające w różnym zakresie zasadę 3R Reduce-Reuse-Recycle gospodarowania odpadami. Scharakteryzowano przykłady inwestycji, w których przyjęte rozwiązania projektowe mają wpływ na ograniczenie szkodliwego ich oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne w ciągu całego cyklu życia obiektu budowlanego. Podano wnioski z przeprowadzonych analiz.

EN

The article presents contemporary concepts for the design and implementation of buildings that take into account, to varying degrees, the 3R principle of Reduce-Reuse-Recycle waste management. Building examples described in the article, contain design solutions with a impact on reducing their harmful impact on the environment throughout the life cycle of the building object. Conclusions from analysis are given.

16

Experimental Study of Produced Water Treatment Using Activated Carbon with Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Hussein Mudhaffar Yacoub, Al-Naemi Amer Naji Ahmed, AlJaberi Forat Yasir

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 5

78--87

EN

This work inspected the produced water discharged from the Amara oil field in (Misan-Iraq) to improve the quality of water before reuse and reinjection or disposal. The process of treatment included a pretreatment step using activated carbon and post-treatment using flat polymeric nanofiltration membrane (NF) (1.0 nm) and reverse osmosis membrane (RO) (0.3 nm), respectively. Therefore, activated carbon without aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and with (Al2O3) nanoparticles (20 nm) was used to examine the removal efficiency of the total organic compound (TOC). The height of the fixed bed of activated carbon and its diameter were 35 cm and 2.5 cm, respectively. The volumetric flow rates of the produced water flowing through the activated carbon column were taken as (25, 20, 15, 10 and 5)×10-4 m3/h respectively, at transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 1.0 bar, pH equals 6, and the temperature of 25 °C. The TOC removal efficiencies attained using activated carbon without Al2O3 nanoparticles were (52, 64, 77, 83 and 87%), respectively, and (65, 72.7, 83.4, 92.5 and 95.2%) with the use of Al2O3 nanoparticles, respectively. Produced water effluent from the activated carbon column was treated by flat NF and RO membranes to reduce the total dissolved solids (TDS). The cross-flow rates through NF and RO membranes were 0.1 and 0.25 m3/h, TMP (1–12 bar) and 60 bar, respectively. The removal efficiency of TDS was enhanced up to 40% and 99.67%, respectively. In addition, the TOC removal efficiency was 100% in the effluent of the RO membrane.

17

Testing and Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Waste from Desanding

Czop Monika, Petryk Agnieszka, Balcerzak Luzia, Jamry Agata, Kopiec Weronika, Nowak Katarzyna, Piwowarczyk Marta, Zackiewicz Weronika

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 2

129--134

EN

The study concerns evaluating the physical and chemical properties of sand from sand separators of wastewater treatment plants in terms of requirements for construction aggregates. Thus, an analysis of the physical properties of sand was carried out, i.e. its moisture content, bulk density, and grain density, as well as an analysis of the chemical composition of sand. The intention of the research is to find an alternative to the dwindling supply of this type of raw material, which is essential for the construction sector. It is currently estimated that within 20 years there will be a shortage of sand of suitable quality for use in construction. The article presents the results of physicochemical tests and leachability of selected harmful substances (P, F, N-NH4 +, Cl, SO4 2-) and heavy metals (Ba, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni) from waste from desanding

PL

W artykule dokonano oceny właściwości fizykochemicznych piasku z piaskowników oczyszczalni ścieków pod kątem wymagań stawianych kruszywom budowlanym. W związku z tym przeprowadzono analizę właściwości fizycznych piasku: wilgotność, gęstość nasypową, a także analizę składu chemicznego piasku i poziom wymywalności substancji szkodliwych oraz metali ciężkich. Celem badań było znalezienie alternatywy dla malejącej zasobów tego cennego surowca, niezbędnego dla sektora budowlanego. Obecnie szacuje się, że w ciągu 20 lat zabraknie piasku odpowiedniej jakości do wykorzystania w budownictwie. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań fizykochemicznych oraz wymywalności wybranych substancji szkodliwych (P, F, N-NH4 +, Cl, SO4 2-) i metali ciężkich (Ba, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni) z zawartości piaskownika.

18

Identification of constraints for an effective application of construction waste management plan in Poland

Emmanuel Oluwasegun, Nikolaiev Vsevolod, Gajzler Marcin

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 69, nr 3

475--489

EN

The aim of this study is to identify the constraints that affect the effective usage of the site waste management plan (SWMP). A substantial review of the literature was carried out to identify the constraining factors that affect the site waste management plan tool. Questionnaires were administered based on a five-point Likert scale and the data were assessed and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 28. The outcome showed that the knowledge of the SWMP is still very low in the Polish construction sector. Only 6% have a written SWMP while 16% have used this tool in their previous project. Hence, the need for the increased awareness of the SWMP as one of the waste management strategies. The lack of adequate monitoring and control of the SWMP, lack of awareness, time required for the preparation of the tool were identified as the top constraints. The solutions identified include; increased level of awareness and education, the inclusion of the SWMP as part of the contract documentation requirement, adequate training of the site personnel, and presence of waste manager.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja ograniczeń, które wpływają na efektywne wykorzystanie zakładowego planu gospodarki odpadami (SWMP). Dokonano gruntownego przeglądu literatury w celu zidentyfikowania czynników ograniczających, które wpływają na narzędzie planu gospodarowania odpadami na terenie zakładu wytwarzającego odpady. Następnie przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe z formularzami, w których zastosowano pięciostopniową skalę Likerta. Pozyskane dane zostały poddane ocenie i analizie przy użyciu systemu IBM SPSS wersja 28. Wyniki badań ankietowych pokazały, że w polskim sektorze budowlanym wiedza na temat SWMP jest nadal bardzo niska. W kolejnych badaniach tylko 6% i 16% badanych podmiotów posiada program SWMP i odpowiednio używało tego narzędzia w którymkolwiek ze swoich poprzednich projektów. Wynika stąd potrzeba zwiększenia świadomości SWMP jako jednej ze strategii gospodarki odpadami. Jako główne ograniczenia uznano brak odpowiedniego monitorowania i kontroli programu SWMP, brak świadomości, czas potrzebny na przygotowanie narzędzia. Zaproponowane rozwiązania obejmują; podniesienie poziomu świadomości i edukacji, uwzględnienie SWMP jako elementu wymogu dokumentacji kontraktowej, odpowiednie przeszkolenie personelu budowy oraz obecność osoby zarządzającej odpadami.

19

Public attitude towards graywater reuse : Gaza Strip as a case study

Alkhatib Ramadan

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

no. 55

212--219

EN

The use of graywater in households has become increasing popular. Socio-economic aspects of graywater vary from one place to another and they need to be investigated in order to predict whether graywater use can be accepted by people. The aim of this study is to investigate the social response in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, toward the reuse of graywater in households. Results of 511 surveys among residents of the Gaza Strip revealed that about 84% of the interviewed people accepted the idea of using graywater. Knowing that installing a graywater system would cost about USD500.00 per family, people reversed their acceptance of 84% and the rejection rate reached about 90%. The situation returned back to the 84% acceptance rate when it was known that the cost paid by the resident would only be USD50.00, with the rest of the cost to be contributed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The study also revealed that water outage seemed to be the most compelling reason behind the feeling of having a water problem, which is encouraging for the future of graywater use because graywater can be a good alternative during times of water outage.

20

Application of the pentagonal W-ECO model for manufacturing based on "SDGs"

Tanabe Ikuo

Journal of Machine Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

25--42

EN

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were proposed to ensure the well-being of everyone on earth, a purpose to which all the fields, including manufacturing, must contribute. However, although industry is implementing this laudable concept in a piecemeal fashion, it is currently unlikely to achieve all 169 targets in the 17 Goals by the SDG deadline of 2030. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative achievement indicators and effective evaluation methods are needed to achieve the 17 goals of the SDGs when developing industrial products. Therefore, in this study, the manufacturing in response to the 17 goals and the 169 targets of the SDGs is considered, and the application of the pentagonal W-ECO model for manufacturing based on the SDGs was proposed. First, the current situation of manufacturing was considered from an environmental perspective, which is also important for the SGDs. Secondly, product’s lifespan which is deeply related to the environment, was discussed in terms of the correlation between time, technology and environment, and "Re" technology was proposed to extend product's lifespan and save resources. Then three cases of development for environmental conservation were introduced to understand the current situation, and it was confirmed that the new technologies in the three cases can contribute to the achievement of SDGs, however the degree of their contribution couldn't be evaluated quantitatively. Finally, the previous three cases using the proposed pentagonal W-ECO model quantitatively evaluated and confirmed that the results of the evaluation provide a quantitative indicator for achieving the SDGs. As a result, the effectiveness of the pentagonal W-ECO model for manufacturing based on SDGs is evaluated.