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1

Zeolite-hydrogel composites for lithium and arsenic extraction from geothermal waters

Koza Milena, Mukti Mentari, Tomaszewska Barbara

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2026

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Vol. 52, no. 1

16--27

EN

The rapid increase in lithium demand, driven by the growth of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, has raised concerns about future supply. To support the lithium supply chain, it is necessary to explore new sources, one of which is geothermal water. In this study, we review the current state of adsorption methods for lithium extraction from geothermal water and present our own approach. A zeolite-hydrogel composite was prepared using natural clinoptilolite, sodium alginate, and chitosan through a direct mixing method. Adsorption tests were performed using untreated geothermal water from the Dieng Geothermal Power Plant in Central Java to reflect natural conditions. The material’s performance was evaluated by comparing ICP-MS analysis results of the water before and after adsorption. The results showed no significant reduction in lithium content. However, the use of 1.5 g of the composite, prepared from 5 g of clinoptilolite and a solution containing 0.5% sodium alginate and 0.5% chitosan- reduced arsenic concentration by approximately 52%. To enhance lithium adsorption, further optimization is required, including pH adjustment, silica removal, or modification of the composite structure. Further research is also needed to further explore the material’s potential for arsenic removal.

2

Development of an algorithm for calculating ion exchange processes using the Python ecosystem

Chub Iryna, Proskurnia Oleksii, Demchenko Kateryna, Miroshnyk Oleksandr, Shchur Taras, Halko Serhii

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2025

|

T. 15, nr 4

95--99

EN

Ion exchange plays a key role not only in eliminating water hardness and reducing the concentration of unwanted ions, but also in protecting the environment. Due to its versatility, it is an indispensable tool in modern environmental technologies. Calculation methods are an important component of the implementation of ion exchange technologies, as they play a crucial role in their effective operation. There are calculation methods used in the design of ion exchange systems, but similar methods have not yet been developed to determine operating parameters during operation. This complicates the optimization of the process in real conditions and requires further research and development. The calculation method should be easy to use, but at the same time provide high accuracy of results, taking into account such important factors as water composition, filtration rate, temperature and type of ion exchange resins. It is especially important that the method be developed based on open Python libraries to ensure accessibility and versatility. The differential mathematical approach using Python provides significantly higher accuracy, efficiency and flexibility in calculations. Therefore, the development of an algorithm for solving systems of nonlinear equations by Newton's method will allow achieving maximum accuracy of results. The article develops an algorithm for solving a nonlinear system of equations by Newton's method, which allows determining the distribution of ions in the working zone of the filter in both liquid and solid phases. The implementation of the developed algorithm is carried out using the Python ecosystem. Based on the calculation results, a graph of the output curve is constructed and a complex software module is developed that allows controlling the most important operating parameters of ion-exchange filters. Also, the use of a complex software module will contribute to reducing the operating costs of ion-exchange filters and increasing the efficiency of processes.

PL

Wymiana jonowa odgrywa kluczową rolę nie tylko w usuwaniu twardości wody i redukowaniu stężenia niepożądanych jonów, ale takżew ochronie środowiska. Ze względu na swoją uniwersalność jest niezastąpionym narzędziem w nowoczesnych technologiach ochrony środowiska. Metody obliczeniowe stanowią istotny element wdrażania technologii wymiany jonowej, gdyż odgrywają kluczową rolę w ich efektywnym działaniu. Istnieją metody obliczeniowe wykorzystywane przy projektowaniu układów wymiany jonowej, lecz podobne metody służące określaniu parametrów roboczychw trakcie pracy nie zostały jeszcze opracowane. Utrudnia to optymalizację procesu w warunkach rzeczywistych i wymaga dalszychprac badawczo-rozwojowych. Metoda obliczeniowa powinna być prosta w użyciu, a jednocześnie zapewniać wysoką dokładność wyników i uwzględniać takie istotne czynniki, jak skład wody, szybkość filtracji, temperatura i rodzaj żywic jonowymiennych. Szczególnie ważne jest, aby metodę tę opracowano w oparciuo otwarte biblioteki Pythona, co zapewni dostępność i wszechstronność. Podejście matematyczne oparte na różniczce z wykorzystaniem języka Python zapewnia znacznie większą dokładność, wydajność i elastyczność obliczeń. Zatem opracowanie algorytmu rozwiązywania układów równań nieliniowych metodą Newtona pozwoli na osiągnięcie maksymalnej dokładności wyników. W artykule opracowano algorytm rozwiązywania układu równań nieliniowych metodą Newtona, który pozwala na określenie rozkładu jonów w strefie roboczej filtra zarówno w fazie ciekłej, jak i stałej. Implementację opracowanego algorytmu przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem ekosystemu Python. Na podstawie wyników obliczeń skonstruowano wykres krzywej wyjściowej oraz opracowano kompleksowy moduł programowy umożliwiający sterowanie najważniejszymi parametrami pracy filtrów jonowymiennych. Ponadto zastosowanie kompleksowego modułu programowego pozwoli na obniżenie kosztów eksploatacji filtrów jonowymiennych i zwiększenieefektywności procesów.

3

Removal of high-concentration fluoride wastewater by calcined hydrated calcium aluminate with a two-step process

Sheng Guanghong, Liang Weijian, Luo Shiyu, Wang Shisheng, Liu Yiyun, Liu Leping

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 3

83--100

EN

Hydrated calcium aluminate for fluoride removal of high-concentration fluoride-containing wastewater was prepared by thermal activation. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), The Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry (FT-IR) were used to study the adsorption process. The results showed that the main component of the modified calcium aluminate cement (CAC) was 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), and a large amount of calcium and aluminum ions were released during the fluoride removal process. The calcination of hydrated calcium aluminate improved the removal rate of fluoride. After a two-step treatment, adsorption and pH modification, the concentration of fluoride-containing solution from 300 mg/dm3 was reduced to less than 1 mg/dm3. Fluoride removal relies primarily on adsorption at low concentrations, whereas chemical precipitation dominates at high concentrations. The process involves three mechanisms: chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction.

4

Application of sulfonate polymer for detection of cations in industrial wastewater by capillary liquid chromatography

Rahayu Aster, Hakika Dhias Cahya, Amrillah Nafira Alfi Zaini, Rafi Mohamad, Fajri Joni Aldilla, Lim Lee Wah

Polimery

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2024

|

Vol. 69, nr 6

343--349

EN

Poly(3-sulfopropylmethacrylate) was obtained and used for the separation of monovalent inorganic cations (Na+, NH4+ and K+) in industrial ion exchange chromatography of wastewater. The influence of monomer, porogen and polymerization time on the performance of the capillary column was investigated. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and back pressure in high flow rate systems were determined. Optimal column preparation conditions were obtained using 40% monomer (30% SP : 10% EDMA), 60% porogen, 60°C temperature and 24-hour polymerization time.

PL

Otrzymano poli(3-sulfopropylometakrylan), który zastosowano do rozdziału jednowartościowych kationów nieorganicznych (Na+, NH4+ i K+) w przemysłowej chromatografii jonowymiennej ścieków. Zbadano wpływ monomeru, porogenu i czasu polimeryzacji na wydajność kolumny kapilarnej. Określono pojemność wymiany kationów (CEC) i ciśnienie wsteczne w systemach o dużym natężeniu przepływu. Optymalne warunki przygotowania kolumny uzyskano, stosując 40% monomeru (30% SP : 10% EDMA), 60% porogenu, temperaturę 60°C i 24-godzinny czas polimeryzacji.

5

Developmet the complex technology for highly concentrated acid solutions of electroplating industry

Ivanenko Olena, Dovholap Sergii, Nosachova Yuliia, Plashykhin Sergii, Pavliuk Nonna, Skladannyy Denys

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2024

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Vol. 17, no. 1

83--90

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the application of ion-exchange processes for the extraction of iron (II) and copper (II) ions from liquid acid wastes of electroplating production. In the course of experimental studies, it was shown that with an increase in the concentration of sulfuric acid, the total exchangeable dynamic capacity (TEDC) of the cationite significantly decreases both during the sorption of iron ions and during the sorption of copper ions. At the same time, an increase in the iron (II) ions concentration leads to a significant increase in TEDC - even with a sulfuric acid concentration of 8-13 g/dm3, TEDC reached the level of 1.35 g-eq/dm3, which corresponds to the sorption level of neutral dilute solutions. However, it can be seen from the total concentration that the efficiency of sorption of metals from acidic solutions remains quite high and increases with the increase of the initial total content of sorbed ions. The main indicator used when choosing an ion exchange method is the possibility of effective regeneration of the cation exchange material. When using a 5% solution of sulfuric acid already at the specific consumption of the regeneration solution, it was possible to achieve a degree of regeneration at the level of 95-98%, and when using a 10% solution, the degree of regeneration reached 100%. According to the research results, a technological scheme for processing regeneration solutions by precipitation of metals from regeneration solutions into magnetites in a ferritizer reactor was proposed.

6

Application of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Drinking Water Softening

Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Vakulenko Anna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

154--162

EN

The processes of water purification with increasing selection of permeate were studied, considering selectivity and productivity of membranes, dynamics of changes of contents of components in the concentrate. It is shown that when chlorides and sulfates are removed from water, the increase in their content in the concentrate does not differ practically from the measured and calculated values. At the same time, the nature of dependences on the change in hardness, concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, alkalinity obtained experimentally differ significantly from the dependences obtained by theoretical calculations at permeate selection levels of > 70%. А significant difference in the determined and calculated concentrations of hardness ions in the concentrates was observed after hardness values greater than 30–40 mg-eq/dm3. This indicates the partial removal of hardness ions and carbonates from the concentrates, which may be the reason for the formation of deposits on the membrane. Permissible values of the degree of permeate selection were determined, at which there is no intense deposition of carbonates and hydroxides of hardness ions on the membrane. With the initial water hardness > 8 mg-eq/dm3, the degree of permeate selection could reach 60–70% without the risk of sedimentation on the membrane. Effectiveness of the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane in the purification of mine water with an increased level of mineralization and hardness was determined. A significant difference between the determined and calculated hardness in concentration was observed already at the degree of permeate selection of 22–33%.

7

Low waste technology for the removal of nitrates from water

Trus Inna, Gomelya Mukola, Halysh Vita, Tverdokhlib Mariia, Makarenko Iryna, Pylypenko Tetiana, Chuprinov Yevhen, Benatov Daniel, Zaitsev Hennadii

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 1

74--78

EN

As a rule, nitrates are present in all natural water bodies. Their increased concentrations are connected with the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater from industrial and communal enterprises, agricultural and livestock complexes. Recent scientific publications concerning treatment methods for nitrates removal from natural water and wastewater were analyzed in order to create effective and low-waste technology for obtaining high quality water. It has been established that the ion exchange method is quite effective for removing nitrates from water. In the paper, the processes of ion exchange removal of nitrates from water on low-axis anionite in DOWEX Marathon WBA in Сl- form were investigated. During the sorption of nitrates with a concentration of 186, 205, 223 and 2200 mg/dm3, it was established that the full exchangeable dynamic capacity was 1.075, 1.103, and 1.195, 1.698 g-eq/dm3, respectively. To regenerate anionite, solutions of ammonia as well as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and potassium carbonate were used in this work. The choice of potassium and ammonium compounds is due to the prospect of further use of regeneration solutions for the production of liquid fertilizers.

8

Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis and Ion Exchange in Water Purification from Nitrates

Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Makarenko Iryna, Vakulenko Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

172--180

EN

The process of extracting nitrates from water by the methods of reverse osmosis and ion exchange was investigated in the paper. In the formation of reverse osmosis, low-pressure membranes were used, and in ion-exchange processes, highly alkaline anionite AB–17–8 was applied in salt form. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of nitrates in the permeate and the concentration with an increase in the degree of permeate selection from 9 to 90% at initial nitrate concentrations of 18, 50 and 100 mg/dm3 were determined. The indicators of selectivity and productivity of membranes were calculated depending on the degree of permeate selection. It was shown that the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane is characterized by low selectivity values at high productivity values in the selected part of the nitrate concentration. It was established that the ion exchange method is significantly more effective than reverse osmosis in removing nitrates from water. It ensures the reduction of nitrate content in purified water to a value of less than 1 mg/dm3 when the degree of their extraction is reached at the level of 99%. As the ionite is saturated with nitrates, the efficiency of their extraction decreases. Anionite sorbs nitrates effectively enough, being both in the chloride mixture and in the sulfate form. Nitrates are effectively desorbed by 2H solutions of sodium chloride and sodium or ammonium sulfate.

9

Development of New Water Deoxidization Systems for Heat and Power Plants

Shabliy Tetyana, Gomelya Mykola, Pohrebennyk Volodymyr, Ivanenko Olena, Nosachova Yuliia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

193--205

EN

The analysis of water conditioning methods for closed water supply systems was carried out in the work. The expediency of using redoxites based on ion exchange materials to combat the corrosion processes in water recirculation systems by preliminary deoxidation of water was shown. Modified KU-2–8, Dowex Mac-3, AB-17–8, Dowex Marathon WBA, AMBERLITE IRA 96 ion exchange resins were used as deoxidizing materials.

10

Improvement of metal separation process from synthetic hydrochloric acid leaching solution of spent lithium ion batteries by solvent extraction and ion exchange

Nguyen Viet Nhan Hoa, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 4

1--17

EN

Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are good secondary resources for recycle and reuse. To develop a process for the separation of Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Li(I) with high purity from spent LIBs and circumvent some drawbacks of the previous work, solvent extraction and ion exchange experiments were done in this work. The synthetic hydrochloric acid leaching solution of 3 M was employed. Compared to Aliquat 336 (N-Methyl- N, N, N-trioctyl ammonium chloride), extraction with Cyanex 301 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid) led to selective extraction of Cu(II) over other metal ions. Employing ion exchange with TEVA-SCN resin can completely separate Co(II) over Mn(II). After adjusting the pH of Co(II) free raffinate to 3, Mn(II) was quantitatively extracted by the mixture of Alamine 336 (mixture of tri-octyl/decyl amine) and PC 88A (2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2-ethylhexylphosphonate) with two stage cross-current extraction. The synthesized ionic liquid (ALi-CY) was used for complete extraction of Ni(II), whereas Li(I) remained in final raffinate. The metal ions in the loaded organic phase were completely stripped with the proper agents (5% aqua regia for Cu(II), 5% NH3 for Co(II), weak H2SO4 solution for Mn(II) and Ni(II) stripping, respectively). The experimental results revealed that purity of the metal ions in stripping solution was higher than 99.9%. A flowsheet was suggested to separate metal ions from the HCl leaching solutions of spent LIBs.

11

Mathematical Prediction of Sorption Processes of Heavy Metals on Cation Exchangers Using the Thomas Model

Koliehova Anastasiia, Trokhymenko Hanna, Gomelya Mykola

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 9

232--236

EN

On a production scale, it is advisable to use mathematical models for predicting the treatment of effluents from heavy metal ions, which will increase the efficiency of enterprises. The sorption processes of copper, zinc, nickel and cadmium ions on the KU-2-8 cation exchange resin in the acid form at different concentrations were studied in this scientific work. At the same time, the sorption curves calculated were constructed using the Thomas model. The study results showed that this model very clearly describes the sorption processes of metals on the resin. Thus, it can be used to predict the processes of wastewater treatment in production.

12

Pilotowa stacja badawcza, dedykowana redukcji materii organicznej, w tym wybranych mikrozanieczyszczeń z wód

Zimoch Izabela, Mroczko Dominik

Instal

|

2021

|

nr 3

41--46

PL

Wciąż rosnące zainteresowanie mikrozanieczyszczeniami oraz zagrożeniami wynikającymi z ich obecności w ekosystemie wodnym, mogą prowadzić do zaostrzania przepisów związanych z ich monitoringiem. W niniejszej pracy zebrano wstępne wyniki analizy efektywności redukcji mikrozanieczyszczeń oraz ogólnej materii organicznej wykorzystując procesy alternatywne dla klasycznych technologii uzdatniania wód przeznaczonych do spożycia przez ludzi. Zaproponowane technologie wdrożone zostały do mobilnej, modułowej stacji badawczej również opisanej w tym artykule. Rozpatrywanymi procesami były: koagulacja, filtracja membranowa, sorpcja i wymiana jonowa oraz fotoliza.

EN

Constantly growing interest in micropollutants and with threats resulting from their presence in the aquatic ecosystem may result in stricter regulations related to their monitoring. This paper presents results of the preliminary micropollutants and total organics reduction effectiveness analysis, with processes alternative to classical technologies of water treatment intended for human consumption. The proposed technologies are implemented in a mobile, modular pilot plant also described in this paper. The considered processes were: coagulation, membrane filtration, sorbtion and ion exchange, and photolysis.

13

Assessment of the properties of HAp micropowders after ion exchange process in silver nitrate solution

Głuszek Marta, Świrska Zuzanna, Kaczorowski Witold, Januszewicz Bartłomiej, Wrotniak Maciej

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

|

Vol. 24, no. 161

15--20

EN

Bioceramic materials, such as hydroxyapatite (HAp), are characterized by high biocompatibility in the presence of tissues and body fluids without causing toxic or allergic reactions. Hydroxyapatite, due to its similarity to structures found in bones, is used both in the form of powders, e.g. as additives to bone cements, and implants coatings. However, this material is not characterized by antimicrobial properties, therefore attempts are made to improve its properties by introducing additional elements into the hydroxyapatite structure. Thanks to HAp’s high ion-exchange ability, silver can be introduced into its structure. The calcium ions present in the HAp structure can be easily replaced by silver ions to create a material endowed with high biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. The presented study is based on the analysis of the morphology of the modified powders via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their chemical composition via X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and chemical structure via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The powders obtained through the ion exchange were mixtures of silver phosphates Ag3PO4 and HAp. The highest silver content was found in the sample modified with a 1M concentration of AgNO3 in the aqueous solution. It was also determined that the annealing of the obtained powders under vacuum at 800°C resulted in the formation of metallic silver and a change in the structure of HAp to β-TCP.

14

Promising method of ion exchange separation of anions before reverse osmosis

Trus Inna, Gomelya Mukola, Vorobyova Viсtoria, Skіba Margarita

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

|

Vol. 47, no. 4

93--97

EN

A method to improve the quality of purified water, reduce the cost of reagents for the regeneration of resin and create low-waste processes have been developed. This paper presents the results of ion exchange separation of sulfates and nitrates using AV-17-8 anion exchange resin in NO3 form. The efficiency of anion separation on the highly basic anion exchange resin AV-17-8 depends on the magnitude and ratio of their concentrations in water. Separation on the AV-17-8 anion exchange resin has been shown to be effective at concentrations of sulfates up to 800 mg/dm3 and nitrates up to 100 mg/dm3. Conditions for regeneration of 10% NaNO3 anion exchange resin were determined. Reagent precipitation of sulfates from the used regeneration solution in the form of calcium sulfate was carried out. Calcium sulfate precipitate can be used in the manufacturing of building materials. The regeneration solution is suitable for reuse. The developed results will allow to introduce low-waste desalination technology of highly mineralized waters.

PL

Celem pracy było opracowano metody poprawy jakości oczyszczonej wody, obniżenia kosztów odczynników do regeneracji żywicy i stworzenia procesów niskoodpadowych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki rozdziału jonowymiennego siarczanów i azotanów z użyciem żywicy anionowymiennej AB-17-8 w postaci NO3. Skuteczność separacji anionów na wysoce zasadowej żywicy anionowymiennej AB-17-8 zależy od wielkości i stosunku ich stężeń w wodzie. Wykazano, że rozdział na żywicy anionowymiennej AB-17-8 jest skuteczny przy stężeniach siarczanów do 800 mg/dm3 i azotanów do 100 mg/dm3. Określono warunki regeneracji 10% żywicy anionowymiennej NaNO3. Przeprowadzono odczynnikowe wytrącanie siarczanów z zużytego roztworu regeneracyjnego w postaci siarczanu wapnia. Osad siarczanu wapnia może być wykorzystany do produkcji materiałów budowlanych. Roztwór do regeneracji nadaje się do ponownego użycia. Opracowane wyniki pozwolą na wprowadzenie niskoodpadowej technologii odsalania wód wysokozmineralizowanych.

15

Ammonia-Ca-K competitive ion-exchange on zeolites in mining wastewater treatment: batch regeneration and column performance

Chartrand Zachary G., Narbaitz Roberto M., Sartaj Majid, Downey Jason

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2020

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Vol. 19, iss. 2

58--71

EN

This manuscript addresses the treatment of explosives-impacted mining wastewaters (EIMWW) using ion-exchange to remove elevated levels of ammonia. Repeated batch loading-regeneration cycles were conducted for two commercially available zeolite media used in the treatment of ammonia-laden EIMWW to establish the effects of competing ions and regeneration solution composition. The Northern Ontario EIMWW tested contained 3.87 meq/L total ammonia (TA) as well as 2.85 mg/L K+ and 3.9 meq/L Ca2+. The media studied were a natural clinoptilolite and a modified clinoptilolite (SIR-600). Five regenerant solutions with different NaCl and KCl concentrations were evaluated using batch tests. The presence of potassium in the regenerant was found to hinder the TA exchange capacity of both zeolites. The SIR-600 and the natural clinoptilolite used in conjunction with the 10% NaCl solution featured the best TA exchange capacities, 0.46 ± 0.02 meq TA/g and 0.36 ± 0.05 meq TA/g, respectively. The batch tests showed that both media had a slight preference for K+ over TA. The continuous flow column tests performed using SIR-600 media greatly accentuated the selectivity of K+ over TA. In reaching the same 0.55 meq TA/L breakthrough level, the same modified zeolite column was able to treat five times more volume of a synthetic TA solution than EIMWW.

16

Removal of Humic Substances from Water by Means of Fibrous Ion Exchanger

Wasąg Henryk

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 8

229--235

EN

Natural organic substances are found in all natural waters, and especially high concentrations occur in the surface waters. Humic substances, which often constitute the majority of natural pollutants, can be the source of undesirable odor and increased color as well as may accumulate certain toxic substances through sorption or formation of complexes. Another threat connected with the presence of humic substances in water is the possibility of the trihalomethanes (THM) formation during disinfection with chlorine. Additionally, it disturbs most processes employed for treatment of water. Hence, the great interest in the development of the pretreatment methods enabling to reduce the content of humic substances prior to the further water treatment processes. According to many researchers, ion exchange is an effective method for removing humic substances from drinking water supplies. However, the obtained effects are strictly dependent on the properties of the employed ion exchangers. The paper presented the studies on the removal of humic substances from water using fibrous ion exchangers. Owing to their structure, fibrous ion exchangers are characterized by very good kinetics of the sorption process, which enables the application of thin layers with simultaneous high flow velocity. Fiban A-1 – strong base anion fibrous exchanger, synthesized in the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus – was employed in the presented laboratory studies on the treatment of surface water containing substantial amounts of humic substances (over 10 g/m3). The applied anion exchange resin allows for efficient elimination of humic substances from the treated water, whereas the obtained sorption value, reaching approximately 20 mg/g of ion exchanger allowed treating about 255–270 bed volumes of water under the conditions of the experiment. The exhausted Fiban A-1 ion exchanger can be successfully regenerated using 2% NaCl + 2% NaOH solution, as five consecutive operational cycles showed no reasonable decrease in the amount of purified water.

17

Cooper removal and recovery from aqueous solutions by using selected synthetic ion exchange resins (part I)

Orlof-Naturalna Monika, Bożęcka Agnieszka

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2020

|

no. 2, vol. 2

7--14

EN

The paper presents results of research on removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions by ion exchange method in concentration range of 10–1000 mg/L. For this purpose, following Purolite synthetic ion exchange resins were used: S 910, S 930, S 940, S 950 and C 160. The obtained results were interpreted based on the degree of solution purification and microstructural investigations. The regeneration possibility of used ion exchangers with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution was also investigated. Based on obtained results, it was determined that studied ion exchangers efficiently removed copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions, especially in low concentrations. Microstructural investigation made for tested materials after the sorption process clearly indicate that Cu2+ ions removal process was in accordance with ion exchange mechanism, which was confirmed by recorded SEM images. All ion exchangers except S 910, purified solutions from Cu2+ ions with an efficiency greater than 90% up to a concentration of 100 mg/L. In case of S 930 and S 940 ion exchangers, their efficiency was close to 100%. For higher concentrations, efficiency of studied ion exchangers decreased significantly. The lowest decrease in degree of copper(II) S 910 chelating resin with amidoxime groups was the least efficient. All studied ion exchangers can be regenerated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution. The efficiency of this process varies from 53.1% to 80.5% depending on the used resins.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące usuwania jonów Cu2+ z roztworów wodnych metodą wymiany jonowej w zakresie stężeń 10–1000 mg/L. W tym celu zastosowano żywice jonowymienne firmy Purolite: S 910, S 930, S 940, S 950 i C 160. Otrzymane wyniki zinterpretowano w oparciu o stopień oczyszczenia roztworu i badania mikrostrukturalne. Zbadano również możliwość rege¬neracji użytych jonitów za pomocą 10% roztworu kwasu solnego. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono, że badane jonity skutecznie usuwały jony miedzi(II) z roztworów wodnych, szcze¬gólnie w niskich stężeniach. Badania mikrostrukturalne wykonane dla badanych materiałów po procesie sorpcji wyraźnie wskazują, że proces usuwania jonów Cu2+ zachodził zgodnie z mechanizmem wymiany jonowej, co potwierdzają zarejestrowane obrazy SEM. Na powierzchni badanych jonitów nie zaobserwowano mikrostrąceń. Wszystkie wymieniacze jonowe z wyjątkiem S 910 oczyszczały roztwory z jonów Cu2+ z wydajnością większą niż 90% do stężenia 100 mg/L. W przypadku jonitów S 930 i S 940 ich skuteczność było bliska 100%. W przypadku większych stężeń wydajność badanych jonitów znacząco malała. Najmniejszy spadek stopnia wydzielenia jonów miedzi(II) zaobserwowano dla kationitu C 160 zawierają¬cego grupy sulfonowe. Najmniej skuteczny okazał się jonit chelatujący S 910 z grupami amidoksymowymi. Wszystkie badane jonity można regenerować za pomocą 10% roztworu kwasu solnego. Wydajność tego procesu waha się od 53,1% do 80,5% w zależności od użytej żywicy jonowymiennej.

18

The removal of sulphate ions from model solutions and their influence on ion exchange resins

Demcak Stefan, Balintova Magdalena, Holub Marian

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2020

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nr 2

59--70

EN

There is a growing tendency for industries around the globe to diminish the contents of pollutants in industrial wastewaters to an acceptable level. Conventional methods are unfavourable and economically unacceptable, especially for large volumes of wastewaters with a high content of undesirable compounds. In contrast, ion–exchange is a very powerful technology capable of removing contamination from water. This paper analyses a study of ion exchange in Amberlite MB20 and Purolite MB400 resins after sulphate removal from a model solution. For the characterisation of ion exchange in resins, infrared spectroscopy was used. The IR spectra of both ion exchange resins show a similar composition after adsorption. Experiments that are due to this same used matrix in producing. The efficiency of sulphate ion removal and pH changes were also measured. Amberlite MB20 has proven to be a suitable ion exchange resin due to its high effi ciency (about 86%) for the removal of sulphates from solutions with initial concentrations of 100 and 500 mg.L-1, respectively.

19

Sorption and reduction of chromiumion ions by the chelating ion exchanger Diaion CR20

Wójcik Grzegorz

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 6

1382--1393

EN

The chelating ion exchanger Diaion CR20 was applied for removal of chromium(VI) ions in the pH range from 1.5 to 10 and in the presence of 1 M H2SO4. The speciation analysis was used to predict the reduction process. Reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium (III) was observed during the chromium(VI) ions sorption. The kinetic parameters for the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models were calculated. The most common three isotherm models: Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe chromium(VI) uptake. It was proved that the polyamine groups present in selected ion exchanger are able to sorb both chromium(VI) and (III) ions. The maximal sorption capacity towards chromium(VI) ions was estimated at pH 1.5 – 169.49 mg Cr(VI)/g and 159.31 mg Cr(VI)/g in 1 M H2SO4. Both static and column methods were used in the investigations.

20

Synthesis of zeolite A using the waste of iron mine tailings dam and its application for industrial effluent treatment

Izidoro Juliana de Carvalho, Kim Michelle Caroline, Bellelli Valentina Ferraraccio, Pane Mara Cristina, Botelho Junior Amilton Barbosa, Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano, Tenório Jorge Alberto Soares

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

277--286

EN

In November 2015, a dam from iron mining collapsed, which is considered as the largest environmental accident in Brazil. Over than 50 million m³ were released reaching the Doce River and killed 20 people in Mariana. The literature review shows that the mining tailings can be used as raw material to the synthesis of zeolites, which can be used for the wastewater treatment. The aim of this work was the synthesis of zeolites from the Samarco tailings and its application for the treatment of electroplating effluent. The residue was characterized which identified high-iron content for the synthesis of zeolites. The residue was mixed with NaOH (1:1) and the reaction temperature was evaluated from 350 °C to 650 °C. Then, the material was mixed with aluminum source and the effect of time was evaluated. The zeolite was applied to the wastewater treatment from electroplating industry. Results showed that the synthesis of zeolite A was carried out with a fusion step at 450 °C for 1 h using RAS: NaOH ratio 1:1, and further hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C during 4 h. The zinc removal from the wastewater was up to 98% using 50 mL of the solution, 2.5 g zeolite A, 60min and pH 6.4. The main metals presented in the solution were adsorbed up to 90% by the zeolite synthesized. Zinc adsorption by the zeolite fitted better on Langmuir isotherm. The zeolite was used four times in a row and zinc removal declined 98-68%.