Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Multi-Symptom Diagnostic Investigation of the Working Process of a Marine Diesel Engine: Case Study. Part 1. Measurement Diagnostics

Korczewski Zbigniew, Rudnicki Jacek, Varbanets Roman, Minchev Dmytro

Polish Maritime Research

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2025

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nr 2

50--61

EN

The manuscript discusses the issue of diagnostic informativeness of measurement signals recorded during electronic indication of marine engine cylinders. It was noted that the “ fault-syndrome” relations of the diagnostic model determined on this basis are usually ambiguous, which forces the need to search for additional symptoms that ultimately confirm the diagnosis. A method of multi-symptom recognition of disturbances in the engine’s working process is presented by means of measurement experiments carried out on a real object and numerical experiments, with the appropriate usage of its “digital twin”. In the first part of the manuscript, the possibilities of carrying out diagnostic conclusions about the technical health of the valve timing system of a single-cylinder, naturally aspirated Farymann Diesel type D10 marine engine were examined based on simultaneous measurements of its standard operating parameters, exhaust gas composition, in-cylinder pressure and acoustic vibrations generated from the cylinder head by the working fuel injector and cylinder valves. Selected metrological issues of conductiong such measurements. As a result of the engine tests, extensive wear of the camshaft cams was identified, which resulted in premature closing of the exhaust valve and delayed opening of the intake valve. The shifts in the valve timing were so significant that there was practically no valves openning overlap in the cylinder flushing phase. To finally verify the primary formulated diagnosis, dynamic measurements of the engine valve timing were conducted using external inductive sensors, and then the camshaft was dismantled from the engine and subjected to direct optical examinations.

2

Method of automatic calibration and measurement of the light polarisation plane rotation with tilted fibre Bragg grating and discrete wavelet transform usage

Dziuba-Kozieł Marta, Kozieł Grzegorz, Harasim Damian, Kisała Piotr, Kochanowicz Marcin

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 1

165--177

EN

Fibre optic sensors are used to measure various physical quantities, including polarisation plane rotation. Existing solutions for measuring the rotation of the plane of polarisation in optical fibres are based on sensors using tilted fibre Bragg gratings (TFBGs). Articles describing the possibilities of measuring the rotation of the plane of polarisation are generally concepts that show the effect of the rotation of the plane of polarisation on quantities such as the change in optical power of the light transmitted through the TFBG, or the change in the position of the selected minimum of the light spectrum. The only method that allows the measurement of the rotation of the plane of polarisation bases on optical spectrum analysis and requires manual calibration by an experienced operator. The paper proposes a fully automatic method of sensor calibration and processing the signal from a TFBG to measure the light polarisation plane rotation. The method uses the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to process the light spectrum. An automatic algorithm to choose optimal DWT coefficients to use has been developed. The presented method offers calibration of light polarisation plane rotation angle sensors avoiding the influence of manufacturing imperfections of the measurement system components. In addition, it allows the calibration process to be fully automated without operator involvement. The developed measurement method is also fully automated. It allows measurement of angles of rotation in the range of 0-180, making it possible to distinguish between 0-90 and 90-180 rotation angle ranges without any problems. The mean square error of measurement over the entire range is 0.37 degrees, which is better than that of competing methods. In addition, an independent measurement method operating in the 82-98 rotation angle range is proposed to increase measurement precision in this range.

3

The influence of selected brushing process parameters on the tool's operating time

Falandys Karol, Zamróz Tomasz, Kurc Krzysztof

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 1

61--69

EN

The article concerns the possibility of carrying out an optimization process of the extending the life of a brush tool which is use during the process of removing burrs and rounding edges. The work focused on the influence of selected parameters on the wear time of tools. A number of tests were carried out to optimize the selection of parameters in terms of tool life, while maintaining the proper quality of the manufactured products, which translates into their reliability. As part of the work carried out, an optimal set of parameters was prepared to extend the tool's operational time. These parameters are the rotational speed of 1400 rpm and the external diameter of the tool of 200 mm. Thanks to the use of new parameters of the brushing process, the tool's operational time was extended by about 67%.The work car-ried out, after verification as part of large-scale production, led to a reduction in the consumption of tools, which had a positive impact on the improvement of the company's financial result (reduction of cost per part) and also contributed to the reduction of the carbon footprint. The work indicates further areas for development.

4

Protection of one’s own personal data – conceptualisation and measurement

Płocki Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 92 (tom 2)

165--179

EN

The main objective of the article is to conceptualise and operationalise a variable relating to a set of actions in all fields of human activity that reduce the risk of unauthorised use of personal data. In contrast to the approach focusing exclusively on technical ways of securing data, the proposed construct refers to a general reasonable caution in the disposal of one’s own personal data excluding technical aspects. Commitment to protecting one’s own personal data was operationalised using the author’s validated index. The high reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85) predisposes the developed tool for use in research on personal data security. In addition, a factor analysis was carried out in the article, allowing a rejection of the hypothesis that the variable in question has at least two independent dimensions, each of which includes activities carried out in the real or virtual world.

5

Problems of estimating the uncertainty of water pH measurement

Dorozhovets Mykhailo, Szlachta Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Elektrotechnika

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2024

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z. 41

13--24

EN

The article analyses the main problems associated with evaluation the combined standard uncertainty of the water pH measurement by the type A and B methods. It is shown that, for a small number n of the tested water samples, the type A standard uncertainty determined by the conventional method is underestimated. Therefore, the correct expression to calculate this component of uncertainty is presented. The authors also highlighted that since in the practical measurement the influencing quantities and sensitivity coefficients are not known abso-lutely precisely, therefore their uncertainties often have to be taken into account when estimating the combined uncertainty. For this purpose the authors have propose their approach to correctly determine the type B components of combined standard uncertainty caused by not only the values of influencing quantities and sensitivity coefficients, but also their uncertainties. The proposed approaches are illustrated by estimating the uncertainty in the measurement of drinking water pH, presenting the corresponding components of measurement uncertainty budget.

6

Employer brand personality: the scale and results of measurement

Fajczak-Kowalska Anita, Wojtaszczyk Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 195

87--105

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to demonstrate the employer brand personality scale (previously validated under Polish conditions) and to estimate (using this scale) whether the employer brand personalities can be considered expressive. Design/methodology/approach: The literature review and survey were used. Research was carried out among 576 people. The paper fits into the topic of employer brand personality that has been investigated for years. Findings: It was established that the Polish-language employer brand personality scale is a two-dimensional construct. Using a validated employer brand personality scale, it was also learnt that although employers can be ‘rather’ characterised as solid, it is difficult to determine whether they are stylish. Therefore, the study showed that the employer brand personalities (of the organisations represented by the respondents) are difficult to categorise as strong or expressive. Research limitations/implications: The study does not meet the condition of statistical representativeness. Limitations are also related to the research technique and measurement scales used. Future research may focus on the relationship between employer brand and human personality. The impact of employer brand personality on employee loyalty is also worth analysing. Practical implications: The developed employer brand personality construct (in Polish) can be used in practice. We encourage employers to measure employer brand personality. This is important because the strong employer brand personality can help the organisation to become an employer of choice, that is, an employer that has no problems with attracting and retaining talented employees. Originality/value: Research conducted is pioneering in Poland. Until now, no work has been done in Poland to design and validate the employer brand personality scale; no one identified the employer brand personality on the basis of a previously validated (culturally adapted) scale either. The recommendations contained in the paper can be an inspiration for researchers and managers who are interested in investigating and strengthening the employer brand personality.

7

Dirac delta as a useful technical Tool in modelling signals but hard to think about It as a physical signal itself

Borys A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 2

387--392

EN

In this paper, we show that the Dirac delta is a useful technical tool in modelling signals but hard to think about it as a physical signal itself. This thesis is supported here by an example coming from the field of measuring physical quantities and measurement theory.

8

Badania właściwości cieplnych kompozytów budowlanych z dodatkiem materiału zmiennofazowego PCM

Jaworski Maciej

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 11

1316--1319

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań termofizycznych właściwości kompozytów na osnowie gipsowej (zaprawa gipsowa) z dodatkiem materiału zmiennofazowego (PCM) w postaci mikrogranulatu. Kompozyty gipsowe lub cementowe z dodatkiem PCM są stosowane w budownictwie w celu zwiększenia pojemności cieplnej struktury budynku. Duża pojemność cieplna budynku stabilizuje temperaturę wewnętrzną przy dużych wahaniach zarówno temperatury otoczenia, jak i takich czynników, jak nasłonecznienie i wiatr. Zwiększa również efektywność wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii (m.in. energii słonecznej, geotermalnej), ponieważ elementy konstrukcji budynku stają się akumulatorami ciepła. Przedmiotem badań są właściwości istotne z punktu widzenia akumulacji ciepła i funkcjonowania akumulatora (wymiennika ciepła), czyli pojemność cieplna i przewodność cieplna.

EN

Thermophys. properties of composites based on gypsum with the addn. of a phase change material (PCM) in the form of com. microgranulate used in various proportions (15-40% by mass) were detd. Heat capacity of the composites was detd. using the DSC method and thermal cond. was measured on a specially prepared measuring station, allowing for temp. measurement on the surface of samples and direct measurement of heat flux d. using heat flux sensor. Accurate results of enthalpy changes and effective sp. heat were obtained in the temp. range of 18-28°C and 20-26°C, which indicate a significant increase in the heat capacity of gypsum by adding PCM.

9

Wpływ rozrzutu technologicznego parametrów tranzystorów MOS mocy na dokładność pomiaru ich rezystancji termicznej

Posobkiewicz Krzysztof, Górecki Krzysztof

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 10

195--198

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań ilustrujących wpływ rozrzutu technologicznego parametrów tranzystorów MOS mocy na błąd pomiaru ich rezystancji termicznej przy wykorzystaniu pośredniej metody elektrycznej. W charakterze parametru termoczułego wykorzystano napięcie bramka-źródło. Badania przeprowadzono na próbie 18 tranzystorów MOS mocy wybranych losowo z jednej partii produkcyjnej. Zmierzono charakterystyki termometryczne każdego z tranzystorów oraz wyznaczono współczynniki funkcji aproksymujących te charakterystyki. Wyznaczono wartości rezystancji termicznej z wykorzystaniem zarówno liniowej, jak i kwadratowej funkcji aproksymującej oraz parametrów tych funkcji uzyskanych dla różnych egzemplarzy badanych tranzystorów. Określono błąd pomiaru wartości napięcia bramka-źródło na uzyskaną wartość rezystancji termicznej związany z rozrzutem technologicznym.

EN

In the paper the results of investigation illustrating the influence of the technological spread the parameters of power MOS transistors on the measurement error of their thermal resistance using the indirect electrical method are presented. As a thermosensitive parameter the gate source voltage was selected. The investigation was carried out on the sample of 18 power MOS transistors randomly chosen from the same production batch. The thermometric characteristics each of the transistors were measured and the coefficients of the functions approximating these characteristics were calculated for all transistors using linear and quadratic approximating function. The measurement error related with the technological spread of the value of the gate-source voltage on the value of the thermal resistance was calculated.

10

Realizacja systemu bezprzewodowego przesyła energii na zasadzie sprzężenia pojemnościowego

Kaczmarczyk Zbigniew, Kasprzak Marcin, Lasek Paweł, Przybyła Krzysztof, Skóra Marcin, Stankiewicz Krzysztof

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 3

25--31

PL

Artykuł dotyczy projektu, opracowania i analizy właściwości prototypu systemu bezprzewodowego przesytu energii elektrycznej na zasadzie sprzężenia pojemnościowego. System przeznaczony jest do ciągłego doładowywania podwieszanej kolejki górniczej. W jego skład wchodzą: falownik rezonansowy, obwody dopasowujące strony pierwotnej i wtórnej, odpowiedni sprzęg pojemnościowy oraz prostownik z obciążeniem – docelowo ładowarka baterii mobilnego zasobnika energii. Zapewniono pożądane napięcie wyjściowe (330 V) i moc wyjściową (2 kW) przy często-tliwości pracy 300 kHz, uzyskując sprawność całkowitą 88% oraz nie przekraczając poziomu 3 kV przez napięcia skuteczne na elementach biernych.

EN

The article deals with the design, development and analysis of the properties of a prototype of a wireless power transfer system based on capacitive coupling. The system is designed for continuous charging of the suspended mining railway. It consists of: a resonant inverter, primary and secondary matching circuits, a suitable capacitive coupler and a rectifier with a load – ultimately a battery charger for a mobile energy storage device. The desired output voltage of 330 V and the output power of 2 kW at the operating frequency of 300 kHz were obtained, achieving a total efficiency of 88% and not exceeding the level of 3 kV by RMS voltages on passive components.

11

Niepewność jednoczesnego pomiaru dwoma miernikami

Dorozhovets Mykhaylo

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 12

264--267

PL

W artykule, na podstawie definicji, przedstawiono szacowanie niepewności jednoczesnego pomiaru tej samej wielkości dwoma miernikami. Zaprezentowano zależności złożonej niepewności standardowej pomiaru dla ogólnego przypadku rozkładów jednostajnych jednak rożnych wartości maksymalnego błędu dopuszczalnego mierników. Wykazano, ze złożona niepewność standardowa zależy od różnicy wskazań mierników i zmniejsza się wraz ze wzrostem tej różnicy.

EN

In the article, on the basis of definition, a method of calculating the uncertainty of simultaneous measurement of the same quantity by two measuring instruments is given. The dependence of the combined standard uncertainty of measurement for the general case of uniform distributions but different values of the maximum permissible error of meters is presented. It is shown that the combined standard uncertainty depends on the difference in the readings of the meters and decreases as the difference increases.

12

Model identification of correlation of avionic parameters with magnetic field intensity using neutral networks

Michałowska Joanna

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 3

282--284

EN

The article presents the identification of the magnetic field with the use of neural network model. The research on the value of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field (EM) was determined with the NHT3DL broadband meter from Microrad with the 02H measuring probe during training flights. A convolutional autoencoder model of a neural network was developed to filter out outliers obtained during measurements.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono identyfikacje składowej magnetycznej pola elektromagnetycznego przy użyciu modelu sieci neuronowych. Badania dotyczące wartości składowej magnetycznej (EM) wyznaczono miernikiem szerokopasmowym NHT3DL firmy Microrad z sondą pomiarową 02 H podczas lotów szkoleniowych statkami powietrznymi. Opracowano model konwolucyjnego autoencondera sieci neuronowej (ang. convolutional autoencoder model) stużący do odfiltrowania danych odstających uzyskanych podczas pomiarów.

13

Development and implementation of algorithms for measurement and reconstruction analysis in ultrasound tomography

Dziadosz Marcin, Mazurek Mariusz, Hyka Oleksii, Kowalski Marcin, Wójcik Dariusz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 4

249--252

EN

The paper presents various machine-learning methods to solve a forward problem for transmission and reflective ultrasound tomography. All described algorithms were trained on a sample from the ultrasound tomography data set. In order to compare the solutions, the image reconstruction quality measures were calculated, such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM).

PL

W artykule przedstawiono różne metody uczenia maszynowego do rozwiązania problemu prostego w transmisyjnej i refleksyjnej tomografii ultradźwiękowej. Wszystkie opisane algorytmy trenowano na próbce ze zbioru danych tomografii ultradźwiękowej. W celu porównania rozwiązań obliczono miary jakości rekonstrukcji obrazu, takie jak średni błąd bezwzględny (MAE), błąd średniokwadratowy (MSE), PSNR (szczytowy stosunek sygnału do szumu) oraz wskaźnik podobieństwa strukturalnego SSIM.

14

Izolacyjność termiczna ścian zewnętrznych domu jednorodzinnego z lat 90. XX wieku wykonanych systemem gospodarczym w technologii styrobetonu

Słodczyk Jacek, Nowak Henryk, Nowak Łukasz, Noszczyk Paweł

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 1-2

114--118

PL

Określenie budowa domu „systemem gospodarczym”, na początku lat 90. XX wieku, dotyczyło nie tylko częściowego prowadzenia prac budowlanych wysiłkiem własnym inwestora, ale bywało również uzupełniane o produkcję elementów konstrukcyjnych, takich jak bloczki czy pustaki, bezpośrednio na placu budowy. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów przewodności cieplnej elementów ze styrobetonu, wykonanych na podstawie receptury jednego z inwestorów indywidualnych, opracowanej w latach 90. na potrzeby budowy domu jednorodzinnego oraz uzyskanego współczynnika przenikania ciepła ścian zewnętrznych tego domu.

EN

At the beginning of the 1990s, the term „build-it-yourself” system referred not only to partial construction work carried out by the investor’s own effort, but it was also supplemented with the production of construction elements, such as blocks or hollow bricks, directly on the construction site. The article presents the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity of polystyrene concrete elements, made on the basis of a recipe of one of the individual investors, developed in the 1990s for the construction of a single-family house, and the obtained heat transfer coefficient of external walls of this house.

15

Metody zwiększania ilości danych termowizyjnych w uczeniu maszynowym

Sadzyński Piotr

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2024

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R. 28, nr 1

97--106

PL

Coraz częściej w przetwarzaniu i analizie obrazu termowizyjnego stosuje się uczenie maszynowe w kontekście rozpoznawania i identyfikacji obiektów. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania wpływu augmentacji danych na efektywność uczenia maszynowego w kontekście analizy obrazów termowizyjnych. Wykorzystano publicznie dostępny zbiór danych FLIR ADAS, który zawiera etykietowane obrazy termowizyjne i obrazy z zakresu światła widzialnego. Badanie skupia się na wykorzystaniu konwolucyjnych sieci neuronowych, w szczególności architektury YOLOv8, do detekcji obiektów na obrazach termowizyjnych. Zbiór danych FLIR ADAS został poddany wstępnemu przetwarzaniu i augmentacji, a następnie wykorzystany do trenowania dwóch różnych modeli: jednego opartego na obrazach w skali szarości i drugiego - opartego na obrazach z zastosowaną paletą kolorów. Wyniki eksperymentu wskazują, że augmentacja danych może znacząco wpłynąć na efektywność modelu, a zastosowanie kolorów w obrazach termowizyjnych może w pewnych sytuacjach dodatkowo zwiększyć dokładność detekcji.

EN

Machine learning is increasingly being applied in the processing and analysis of thermal imaging for object recognition and identification. This article presents a study on the impact of data augmentation on the effectiveness of machine learning in the context of thermal image analysis. The publicly available FLIR ADAS dataset, which includes labeled thermal and visible light images, was used for this study. The research focuses on the use of Convolutional Neural Networks, specifically the YOLOv8 architecture, for object detection in thermal images. As part of the study, the FLIR ADAS dataset underwent preprocessing and augmentation, and was then used to train two different models: one based on grayscale images and another using a color palette. The results of the experiment indicate that data augmentation can significantly impact the effectiveness of the model, and the use of colors in thermal images may, in certain situations, further improve detection accuracy.

16

Taking measurements of the detection sensor used in the labelling process

Bąbik Andrzej, Podsiadło Halina

Polish Technical Review

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2024

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No. 2

22--26

EN

The present paper is the fourth part in our consideration of the following issue: attempt to compare the work of the detection sensor with the ZFV vision system in the packaging labelling project.

PL

Artykuł jest czwartą częścią w naszym rozpatrywaniu zagadnienia jakim jest próba porównania pracy czujnika detekcji z systemem wizyjnym ZFV w procesie etykietowania opakowań.

17

Uncertainty analysis for free-space three-dimensional measurement of electromagnetic pulse

Shi Yuewu, Wang Wei, Nie Xin, Miao Jianguo, Chen Wei

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2024

|

Vol. 31, nr 2

213--229

EN

As the polarization direction is unknown in free-space three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic pulse (EMP) measurement, the components in three directions are usually measured first, and then the total vector is calculated. The waveform (magnitude) and polarization direction define the 3D process. Because of the uncertainty produced in the component measurement, there is also uncertainty in the calculated 3D process. This paper investigates the propagation of uncertainty during the total vector calculation process. The magnitude and polarization angle uncertainty propagation formulas are derived through analysis. The results show that the uncertainty of the calculated magnitude is less than the maximal measurement uncertainty of the three components, and the uncertainty of the polarization angle is less than sqrt(2) times the maximal uncertainty of the three components divided by the magnitude of the measured field. Finally, a Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation is run to validate the results of the analysis. The simulation results agree well with the analysis results.

18

Prototype device for measuring the dustiness of stone and lime dust used in explosion prevention

Toman Adrian, Dyduch Zdzisław, Skowronek Tomasz

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2024

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

327--336

EN

This paper presents the prototype of a device for measuring the dustiness of powdered materials by means of a new measurement method. The currently employed stationary laboratory device, utilised in KD “Barbara”, uses the attenuation of a radiant flux transmitted through a dust cloud induced by a manually generated air blast. The new device uses the same measurement method, but it includes modern elements based on a microprocessor, a laser line generator instead of an LED diode, and a precise multi-channel detector. The generated quantity of the mixture (dust and air) is strictly determined and precisely dosed via buffer containers, pressure sensors, and high-speed solenoid valves. Utilising the new solutions will make it possible to improve the repeatability of the air blast parameters and the detection of the dispersed dust cloud, which will enable a better evaluation of the tested dust quality. The paper presents a prototype of a device for measuring the dustiness of stone and lime dusts. The device can also be used to determine the dustiness of other powdered materials.

19

Some aspects of monitoring of different processes in agriculture using acoustic emission phenomena

Barwicki Jan, Borek Kinga, Mazur Kamila

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2024

|

Vol. 45, nr 1

23--27

EN

The technique of acoustic emission has been shown to be useful for monitoring and measurement of transportation and mixing of feed concentrates and other ingredients. This method is ideally suited for flow/no flow alarm indicators, requiring no calibration and only basic electronic support. If the method is to be used for analysis of mixtures, the components must be sufficiently different in particle size or density. Besides that, the detection of particle breakdown and damage should be possible.

PL

Wykazano, że technika emisji akustycznej jest przydatna do monitorowania i pomiaru transportu oraz mieszania koncentratów paszowych i innych składników. Metoda ta idealnie nadaje się do wskaźników alarmowych przepływu/braku przepływu, nie wymagając kalibracji i jedynie podstawowego wsparcia elektronicznego. Jeżeli metoda ma być stosowana do analizy mieszanin, składniki muszą różnić się dostatecznie wielkością cząstek lub gęstością. Poza tym powinno być możliwe wykrywanie rozkładu i uszkodzeń cząstek.

20

Design and Testing of 3D Textile Materials with VibroInsulating Properties, Applicable in the Construction of Vibroisolating Seats for Machine and Device Operators

Frydrysiak Michal, Pawliczak Zbigniew

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 3

57--68

EN

In this article, the author describes the problem with low frequency vibrations in the range of 0-100 Hz and how exposure to these vibrations could affect human health when working in dangerous environments. For this research, vibrations in the range of 0-30 Hz were studied as this frequency range has the largest impact on human health and such vibrations usually occur when operating excavators, forklifts or Melex vehicles. Workers who are exposed to these vibrations usually work in a seated position for many hours. Over time, exposure to dangerous vibrations in the working environment will cause damage to the human spine, resulting in a great deal of discomfort for the worker. In order to alleviate the pain, the worker will tend to shift their seating position away from the correct position, which further compounds the issue. The author proposes the use of a 3D knitted seat mat in order to reduce the amplitude of any harmful vibrations. This will provide better ergonomic conditions for the user and will reduce the effects of low frequency vibrations.