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1

Management of waste fly ash as an epoxy resin filler

Szymańska Joanna, Tomczak Dorota, Przesławski Grzegorz, Borysiak Sławomir

Polimery

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2025

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Vol. 70, nr 1

40--49

EN

Epoxy resin composites with the addition of 20-50 wt.% of ash from municipal waste incineration were obtained. The curing kinetics of the composites (DSC) was determined, and the activation energy was calculated using the Kissinger and Ozawa method. In addition, flexural properties, and impact strength, as well as the structure of the composites (XRD, optical microscopy) were investigated. Brittles of the composites increased with increasing the filler content. The addition of ash also affected the kinetics of the resin cross-linking reaction. A change in the activation energy, degree of conversion and cross-linking time was observed.

PL

Otrzymano kompozyty żywicy epoksydowej z dodatkiem 20-50% mas. popiołu ze spalania odpadów komunalnych. Określono kinetykę utwardzania kompozytów i stopień konwersji (DSC), a energię aktywacji obliczono metodą Kissingera i Ozawy. Ponadto zbadano właściwości mechaniczne przy zginaniu i udarność, a także strukturę kompozytów (XRD, mikroskopia optyczna). Kruchość kompozytów zwiększała się wraz ze wzrostem zawartości napełniacza. Dodatek popiołu wpływał również na kinetykę reakcji sieciowania żywicy. Zaobserwowano zmianę energii aktywacji, stopnia konwersji i czasu sieciowania.

2

Spalanie i rozkład termiczny żywicy epoksydowej z melaminą

Mizera Kamila, Sałasińska Kamila, Kozikowski Paweł, Borucka Monika, Przybysz Jan, Gajek Agnieszka

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 4

534--540

PL

Spalanie i rozkład termiczny żywicy epoksydowej (EP) i żywicy epoksydowej z melaminą (EP/ME) zbadano za pomocą kalorymetru stożkowego i analizy termograwimetrycznej sprzężonej ze spektroskopią w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (STA/FT-IR). Badanie wykazało, że zastosowanie melaminy w EP, jako środka ograniczającego palność, prowadziło do powstania warstwy zwęglonej na powierzchni spalanej próbki. W konsekwencji tego zmniejszała się maksymalna szybkość wydzielania ciepła oraz całkowita ilość wydzielanych dymów. Podczas analizy STA/FT-IR obserwowano wydzielanie się mniejszej ilości tlenku węgla dla EP/ME.

EN

The combustion and thermal decompn. of epoxy resin (EP) and epoxy resin with melamine (EP/ME) was studied using a cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric anal. coupled to FTIR (STA/FT-IR). The use of melamine in EP as a flame retardant resulted in the formation of a charred layer on the surface of the burned sample, which reduced the max. heat release rate and the total amt. of emitted fumes. During STA/FTIR anal., a lower amt. of CO release was observed for EP/ME.

3

Effect of conductive carbon black on the lightning strikes resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin

Krajewski Dariusz, Oleksy Mariusz, Oliwa Rafał, Masłowski Grzegorz, Filik Kamil, Karnas Grzegorz

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 7-8

413--419

EN

The effect of conductive carbon black (0.5 wt%) on the properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact strength, tensile and flexural properties, electrical conductivity, and resistance to lightning discharges) was investigated. The composites were obtained by the infusion method. A slight decrease in flexural modulus was observed, while the hardness and Young’s modulus increased. The resistivity decreased four times. Simulated multiple lightning discharges confirmed the better electrical conductivity of the composite with the addition of conductive carbon black, which resulted in five times decrease in the laminate damage area.

PL

Zbadano wpływ sadzy przewodzącej (0,5% mas.) na właściwości żywicy epoksydowej wzmocnionej włóknem węglowym (twardość Rockwella, udarność Charpy’ego, właściwości mechaniczne przy rozciąganiu i zginaniu, przewodnictwo elektryczne i odporność na wyładowania atmosferyczne). Kompozyty otrzymano metodą infuzji. Zaobserwowano nieznaczne zmniejszenie modułu sprężystości przy zginaniu, przy jednoczesnym zwiększeniu twardości i modułu Young’a. Rezystywność zmniejszyła się 4-krotnie. Symulowane wielokrotne wyładowania atmosferyczne potwierdziły lepszą przewodność elektryczną kompozytu z dodatkiem sadzy przewodzącej, co przełożyło się na 5-krotne zmniejszenie obszaru uszkodzenia laminatu.

4

Cryogenically treated goat and human hair reinforced hybrid polymer composites

Thasthagir Syed M, Kumar Ramesh R, Mariappan Mathanbabu, Senthamaraikannan P.

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 5

312--317

EN

Composites of epoxy resin reinforced with goat and human hair were obtained and subjected to cryogenic processing for 24 hours at temperature 77 K. Morphological (SEM), mechanical and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed. The best properties were obtained by using a reinforcement consisting of 60 wt% human hair and 40 wt% goat hair. The SEM confirmed good interactions at the interface for this composite.

PL

Otrzymano kompozyty żywicy epoksydowej wzmocnionej kozim i ludzkim włosem, które poddano obróbce kriogenicznej przez 24 godziny w temperaturze 77 K. Zbadano strukturę (SEM), właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne (TGA). Najlepsze właściwości uzyskano stosując wzmocnienie składające się z 60% mas. włosa ludzkiego i 40% mas. włosa koziego. Metodą SEM potwierdzono dla tego kompozytu dobre oddziaływania na granicy faz.

5

Flammability Behavior of Hemp Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Koyuncu Menderes

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

611--614

EN

In this study, the behavior of hemp fiber/epoxy composites subjected to flammability properties. for the production of composite samples, hemp reinforcements were used: unidirectional two balanced laminates (00/900) different in thickness were studied: 2 plies, 4 plies. The composites were fabricated by hand lay-up process the flammability properties of composites are analyzed by using UL-94. The effects of two different fire retardant compounds (Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminum hydroxide) filling on the Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-94 horizontal and vertical tests were carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of these FR treatments. The effects of 2 - 4% Mg (OH)2 and Al (OH)3 loading on the composites' burning rate was studied. It was seen that the composite results of vertical burning tests classified these composites under No Classification. The rate of burning of the composites decreased with the inclusion of fire retardants and the rate of burning of 11,60 and 11,22 and 12,20, and 10,60 mm/min was found with 4% wt of Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 in composites respectively.

6

Experimental characterization of hemp woven fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites produced without heat treatment

Donini Giovanni, Molari Luisa

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

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R. 24, nr 3

171-180

EN

In the field of composite materials there is growing emphasis on environmental impacts, resulting in the replacement of synthetic-based components with bio-based components, and in particular, attention to the production process. The focus of the paper is the production of a composite reinforced with natural fibers, which can find applications in the construction field as the reinforcement of wooden structural elements, or as a skin for boards or sandwich panels. In this sector, it is not necessary to achieve very high mechanical performance as in the automotive sector. On the other hand, the cost of the product must be kept low and the production process simple. The proposed composite was prepared with an epoxy resin matrix reinforced with a bidirectional woven fabric made of hemp fibres without any heat treatment. The composites were hand laminated and manufactured by cold moulding to reduce energy consumption. To optimize the behaviour of the composite, various specimens were manufactured, and factors such as the curing pressure, quantity of resin and layer orientation were modified. Tensile strength tests were conducted on specimens according to the ASTM D3039 standard.

7

Wood-based composite materials in the aspect of structural new generation materials. Recognition research

Czajkowska Anna, Rydzkowski Tomasz, Laskowska Dorota

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

art. no. e146618

EN

Composite materials are a constantly evolving group of engineering materials, which has significantly changed their current, and potential role as structural materials over the past decades. Composites offer greater strength, stiffness, and less deformation to structural designers than previously available engineering materials. Resin matrix composites are widely used in the transportation, marine, aerospace, energy, and even sports industries. The manufacturing stage has a profound influence on the quality of the final product. This paper presents the production of composite materials by gravity casting in silicone moulds, using an epoxy/polyester resin matrix reinforced with wood chips and shredded glass fiber reinforced composite from recycled wind turbine blades. Some of the fabricated samples were degassed in a reduced-pressure chamber. The mechanical properties of the produced material were then examined. It was noted that the silicone moulds did not affect the resin self-degassing due to the large surface area to weight ratio, and the remaining small air bubbles had a limited effect on the mechanical properties of the samples. The filler used also played a significant role. Composites filled with crushed GFRC showed better strength properties than composites filled with wood chips. The conducted research is aimed at selecting materials for further testing with a view to their use in the manufacture of next-generation wood-based composite structural materials.

8

Synergistic toughening and strengthening of an epoxy resin modified by simultaneous use of two different modifiers

Białkowska Anita, Suroń Patryk, Kucharczyk Wojciech, Hanulikova Barbora, Bakar Mohamed

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 3

art. no. e149176

EN

The present work investigates the effect of modifying an epoxy resin using two different modifiers. The mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated as a function of modifier type and content. The structure and morphology were also analyzed and related to the measured properties. Polyurethane (PUR) was used as a liquid modifier, while Cloisite Na+ and Nanomer I.28E are solid nanoparticles. Impact strength (IS) of hybrid nanocomposites based on 3.5 wt% PUR and 2 wt% Cloisite or 3.5 wt% PUR and 1 wt% Nanomer was maximally increased by 55% and 30%, respectively, as compared to the virgin epoxy matrix, exceeding that of the two epoxy/nanoparticle binaries but not that of the epoxy/PUR binary. Furthermore, a maximum increase in IS of approximately 20% as compared to the pristine matrix was obtained with the hybrid epoxy nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% Cloisite and 1 wt% Nanomer, including a synergistic effect, due most likely to specific interactions between the nanoparticles and the epoxy matrix. The addition of polyurethane and nanoclays increased the thermal stability of epoxy composites significantly. However, DSC results showed that the addition of flexible polyurethane chains decreased the glass transition temperatures, while the softening point and the service temperature range of epoxy nanocomposites containing nanofillers were increased. FTIR analysis confirmed the occurrence of interaction between the epoxy matrix and added modifiers. All SEM micrographs showed significant roughness of the fracture surfaces with the formation of elongated platelets, explaining the increase in mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix.

9

Detekcja defektów izolacji transformatorów suchych typu cast-coil

Mrozik Andrzej

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2023

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R. 91, nr 11

13--15

PL

Artykuł omawia problematykę rozpoznania defektów izolacji odlewanej w transformatorach suchych typu cast-coil. W badaniach użyto metody rejestracji obrazów defektów w podczerwieni.

EN

The article discusses the issue of identifying defects in cast insulation in dry cast-coil transformers. The in the research method was used recording images of defects in infrared.

10

Nowe nanomateriały do konstrukcji sprzętu sportowego

Jifang Yuan, Jianguo Chen, Yong Xu

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 8

783--794

PL

Nowe nanomateriały dla sprzętu sportowego zostały przygotowane poprzez wzmocnienie żywicy epoksydowej (EP) włóknami węglowymi (CF) i/lub nanorurkami węglowymi (CNT) w celu poprawy jakości, twardości, plastyczności i odporności na starzenie materiałów kompozytowych. CNT zostały równomiernie rozmieszczone poprzez filtrację próżniową i fizyczne osadzanie na powierzchni włókien CF. Wytrzymałość na zginanie kompozytów CF/EP-CNT była o 28,08% większa niż niemodyfikowanego kompozytu CF/EP. Po starzeniu w temp. 120°C naprężenia w kompozycie zostały rozproszone ze względu na doskonałą dyspergowalność CNT, a tłumienie długich pęknięć spowodowało zmniejszenie obszaru uszkodzenia.

EN

New nanomaterials for sport equipment were prepd. by reinforcing an epoxy resin (EP) with C fibers (CF) and/or C nanotubes (CNT) to improve quality, hardness, plasticity and aging resistance of the composite materials. The CNT were uniformly dispersed by vacuum filtration and phys. deposition on CF fiber surface. The bending strength of CF/EP-CNT composites was by 28.08% higher than that of an unmodified CF/EP composite. After aging at 120°C, the stress in the composite was dispersed due to the excellent dispersibility of CNT, and the suppression of long cracks resulted in a redn. of damage area.

11

Evaluation of selected properties and surface quality of cured pre-impregnated carbon-fiber fabrics after exposure to sulphuric acid

Kojnoková Tatiana, Nový František, Markovičová Lenka, Harea Evgheni, Harea Evghenii

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 1

1--6

EN

This paper deals with changes in selected properties of composite material and surface degradation after exposure to an acidic environment. A carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRP) produced from prepregs was tested. The weight change, micro-hardness, and surface degradation of the CFRP composite made of cured pre-impregnated laminates were evaluated in this study. Material consisting of a DT121R epoxy resin matrix with high reactivity and high viscosity, with two reinforcing carbon fabrics layers, is characterized by a low value of tensile strength. Evaluation of changes in the material properties was performed before and after exposure to specific environmental conditions, which are achieved by using a chemical solution of 15% H2SO4 at various temperatures. Subsequently, the effect of 15% H2SO4 at various temperatures on the material properties was monitored. The specimens were immersed in the solution for up to 3 and 6 weeks at the temperatures of 23°C, 40°C, and 60°C. It was found out, that the degradation of the composite material is conditioned by the aging of the epoxy resin (matrix). Carbon fibers (reinforcement) are relatively stable. The weight change, micro-hardness, and surface quality depend on the time of exposure to acidic solution and temperature. The micro-hardness tests show a significant influence on exposure time. The biggest changes in weight change and surface quality of the CFRP composite were observed after exposure at the temperature of 60°C.

12

Influence of prophylactic fluoride agents on the color changes and surface roughness of polymer and rhodium coated nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires

Alsarani Majed M., Alaida Wedad Saud, Ajwa Nancy, Alaqeel Samer M., Almutairi Naseer Meshal, Alanazi Khalid Jamal, Durgesh Pavithra, Durgesh Bangalore

Polimery

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2023

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Vol. 68, nr 11-12

607--616

EN

The effect of fluoride use on the color change and surface characteristics of coated nickel and titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires was investigated. Epoxy resin, PTFE or rhodium-coated archwires were exposed to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or sodium fluoride (NaF) or artificial saliva (AS), simulating three-month clinical trials. Color changes (ΔE) were assessed using a laboratory spectrophotometer in the three-dimensional CIELab color space. The roughness (Ra) and surface structure of the archwires were examined using a non-contact profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Data were analyzed using two-way and one-way variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Bonferroni test (α=0.05). The average values of ΔE and Ra were the highest for epoxy-APF archwires and the lowest for rhodium-AS archwires. A significant relationship was found between the archwires surface treatment method and the ΔE and Ra values. After three months, greater changes in color and roughness were observed with APF than with AS.

PL

Zbadano wpływ stosowania fluorków na zmianę koloru i charakterystykę powierzchni powlekanych łuków ortodontycznych z niklu i tytanu (NiTi). Łuki powlekane żywicą epoksydową, PTFE lub rodem poddano działaniu zakwaszonego fluorku fosforanu (APF) lub fluorku sodu (NaF) lub sztucznej śliny (AS), symulując trzymiesięczne próby kliniczne. Zmianę koloru (ΔE) oceniano za pomocą spektrofotometru laboratoryjnego w trójwymiarowej przestrzeni kolorów CIELab. Chropowatość (Ra) i strukturę powierzchni łuków badano za pomocą odpowiednio bezkontaktowego profilometru i skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM). Do analizy danych zastosowano dwuczynnikową i jednoczynnikową wariancję (ANOVA) oraz test Bonferroniego post-hoc (α=0,05). Wartości średnie ΔE i Ra były największe dla łuków epoksydowych-APF, a najmniejsze dla rodowych-AS. Stwierdzono istotną zależność pomiędzy metodą obróbki powierzchni łuków a wartością ΔE i Ra. Po trzech miesiącach większe zmiany koloru i chropowatości zaobserwowano w przypadku działania APF niż AS.

13

Application of Taguchi methods (doe) in composite engineering

Lesiuk Grzegorz, Zielonka Paweł, Olaleye Kayode, Soogabbe Japhet, Lafarga Adrian Ferrer

Journal of TransLogistics

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2023

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Vol. 19

51-61

EN

In the paper, a design of experiment (DOE) in terms of the Taguchi method was used for the optimization of the manufacturing process. This approach makes it possible to do fewer experiments while still getting the desired outcomes. This research programme will use this tool to optimize the resin casting process by monitoring manufacturing parameters like temperature, curing time, and flameretardant concentration. Thus, this study aims to determine the ideal set of parameters for the resin casting of composite materials. Based on experimental results, it was possible to find crucial factors and their influence on the fracture strength of resin for composite manufacturing systems.

14

Optimization of the features product based on additive technologies

Mrówka Maciej, Kiljan Anna, Janczak T., Migas Damian, Liśkiewicz Maciej

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 121, nr 1

111--117

EN

The work presents the results of optimising the material selection and printing parameters of the splitter using additive technologies. Its main goal was to minimise adhesion occurring on the finished model between the material and the epoxy resin. Design/methodology/approach As part of the research, a model of an epoxy resin distributor was prepared and then made using 3D printing technology. The distributor is made in 5 versions of a different thermoplastic material. After printing, the dividers were dipped in epoxy resin. Once the resin had cross-linked, the samples were cut using water-jet cutting. The quality of the resulting connection was assessed using microscopic observations. Findings The multi-criteria analysis performed on five plastics (HIPS, ABS, PET, TPU, HT-PLA) selected the ABS material which met the assumed criteria to the highest extent (94%). Based on the comparison of the time of printing one distributor using a 3D printer with the time of making it using a CNC machine, it was found that it takes much longer than when making it using a CNC machine. The cost of each proposed material used to produce the distributor using additive technology is lower than making the same element from polyethene using a CNC machine. Research limitations/implications Problems that arose during the project implementation were related to the availability of HT-PLA material and limited possibilities of cutting samples because most cutting techniques generate high temperatures that deform the samples, negatively affecting the ability to test them. Practical implications It can be assumed that changing the geometric features of the manifold obtained as a result of using the appropriate pattern, filling density and material with appropriate parameters has a beneficial effect on reducing the material used. Originality/value The main originality of the research is its possibility of practical application. It is important to answer the question of what thermoplastic material should be used to produce elements for processing epoxy resin. It can improve many industries, such as protective coatings, automotive or aviation.

15

Mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites reinforced with food-waste fillers

Joszko K., Gzik-Zroska B., Gzik M., Wolański W., Ošlejšek M., Jureczko M., Mrówka M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 120, nr 2

49--58

EN

Purpose One of the assumptions of the zero-waste economy is to reduce the amount of industrial waste produced, process it, and recover it without burning or burying it. Citrus peels are among the food wastes that are difficult to recycle. Due to the long time of decomposition and the waxes and fats in their structure, the shells rarely end up in composters and, consequently, are not included in natural fertilisers. The assumptions fit into the research described in the article. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated the possibility of using ground peels of citrus fruits: grapefruit, key lime, lemon and orange as fillers in composite materials in which the role of the matrix was played by epoxy resin. Composite materials with 2.5, 5 and 10% filler content were prepared. The materials were tested using the tensile, hardness, and abrasive tests using the pin-on-disc method. Findings The research was to answer whether adding citrus waste can change the physicochemical properties of composite materials based on epoxy resin and native resin. Particular attention was paid to the properties that are important from the point of view of engineering applications: mechanical properties and tribological properties. Practical implications In the face of challenges related to the growing amount of waste from the food industry, joint materials engineering tries to answer whether this waste can be used in the production of composite materials. In several publications from recent years, it has been postulated that used food industry products can be used as fillers for composite materials, as they can, on the one hand, improve specific physicochemical properties of new materials and manage food waste. Originality/value The tests proved that composite materials with grapefruit and key lime as a filler were characterized by the best tribological properties, mechanical properties, and hardness, which were unchanged or better than the epoxy resin used as a matrix.

16

Study of mechanical and morphological properties of CCTO-BT/epoxy composite

Mishra Swagatika, Mishra Punyapriya, Mishra Punyatoya, Mohapatra Deepak Kumar, Mishra Dinesh Kumar, Shadangi Krushna Prasad

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

|

R. 23, nr 3

123--128

EN

The demand for environment-friendly ceramic reinforced polymer matrix composite (CRPMC) fabrication leads to the development of lead-free CRPMC. Calcium copper titanate (CCTO) and barium titanate (BT) are two of the most widely used lead-free ceramics for embedded capacitor applications. In the present study, the mechanical and morphological properties of both single and hybrid ceramic (CCTO and BT) filled epoxy composites were evaluated and compared with the unfilled pure epoxy resin. Hand lay-up followed by the compression molding technique were used to synthesize the CRPMC samples. Among the single filler CRPMCs, the BT/epoxy composite exhibited better mechanical properties and density values than the CCTO/epoxy composite. The 60:40 ratio hybrid CCTO-BT/epoxy composite possessed the highest mechanical properties and density values in contrast to the other composite specimens. The SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces of the BT and CCTO CRPMC specimens were found to have a rougher and wavier appearance than the unfilled epoxy.

17

Effects of pumice additions on thermal and mechanical behaviors of epoxy resin

Kırbaş İbrahim

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

|

Vol. 71, nr 4

art. no. e146286

EN

In this study, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation of pumice-added epoxy materials were investigated. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of pumice was added to the epoxy resin (EP) % by weight. Various types of analyses and tests were conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation of these epoxy materials. The tests and analyses proved that the addition of pumice leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient and density of the pure EP material. It also increases the degree of hardness. The addition of pumice had a positive effect on mechanical properties. Compared to pure EP, it increased the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, bending strength, and flexural modulus. As a result of TGA analysis it was determined that with the incorporation of pumice into the EP, its decomposition rate progressed more slowly. At 800_C, the carbon residue improved as a result of the addition of pumice.

18

Usability of obsidian with special refraction as an ornamental stone by bonding with epoxy resin

Rızaoğlu Tamer, Camuzcuoğlu Murat

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

|

2022

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Vol. 11, iss. 2

96--103

EN

Ornamental stones have been used quite a lot from past to present, and they are produced both naturally and synthetically in terms of visuality, durability and rarity. Naturally used ornamental stones are divided into two different classes as precious and semi-precious, and obsidian with two different colors belonging to the Nemrut volcanics used in the study is classified as semi-precious stones. Obsidian is a volcanic glass, showing a special fracture (conchoidal) and fracture surfaces give the rock a distinctive shine. In this study, obsidian was classified by breaking in different sizes (8-4.75 mm, 4.75-2 mm and 2-0.6 mm) in order to achieve this brightness. While black obsidian shards were obtained from 4.75-2 mm in size, brown obsidian shards were obtained from 2-0.6 mm shards and chose with the help of tweezers. Obsidian fragments with both colors were bonded with epoxy resin mixed at a ratio of 2:1 (epoxy and hardener) and placed in jewelry apparatus. The known durability properties and gloss of epoxy and the gloss on the broken surfaces of obsidian have been highlighted, and it has been observed that obsidian which has been used with different cutting and polishing techniques until now, can be obtained as a new product by using binder material. It is suitable to be used as an ornamental stone in jewelry making as a result of binding the obsidian fragments with epoxy by making use of the shines that occur on the fractured surfaces of the obsidian. In addition, it has been revealed that new products can be obtained as a result of bonding many natural rocks and minerals by using different binding materials.

19

Mechanical and thermal properties of cotton-bamboo fabric/glass fiber epoxy composites

Chandrasekaran Kailasam, Shanmugam Periyasamy, Senthilkumar Palanisamy

Polimery

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, nr 11-12

567--574

EN

Five-layer epoxy composites consisting of two outer layers made of glass fiber and three inner layers of cotton-bamboo fabric were obtained by compression molding. The influence of cotton-bamboo fabric/glass fiber content (35, 40, 45 and 50 wt%) and the order of stacking laminate layers on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, compressive, impact strength), thermal properties (TGA) and structure (FTIR, SEM) of the composites was investigated. The best mechanical and thermal properties were obtained with the content of 45 wt% cotton-bamboo fabric/glass fiber.

PL

Metodą prasowania tłocznego otrzymano pięciowarstwowe kompozyty epoksydowe składające się z dwóch warstw zewnętrznych wykonanych z włókna szklanego oraz trzech wewnętrznych z tkaniny bawełniano-bambusowej. Zbadano wpływ zawartości włókna szklanego (35, 40, 45 i 50% mas) oraz kolejności układania warstw laminatu na właściwości mechaniczne (wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, zginanie i ściskanie oraz udarność), termiczne (TGA) oraz strukturę (FTIR, SEM) kompozytów. Najlepsze właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne uzyskano przy zawartości 45% mas. włókna szklanego.

20

Influence of natural fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Młynarczyk Karolina, Longwic Filip, Podkościelna Beata, Klepka Tomasz

Polimery

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 3

102--109

EN

The influence of anatural filler (lignin, chitosan, starch) used in the amount of 1, 5 and 10 wt% on thermal and mechanical properties of composites based on epoxy resin (Epidian®5) was investigated. Cross-linking of the resin with polyamine (IDA) was confirmed by the ATR/FT-IR method. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the thermal properties. Tensile and flexural mechanical properties as well as Shore hardness were also determined.

PL

W pracy zbadano wpływ napełniacza naturalnego (lignina, chitozan, skrobia) stosowanego w ilości 1, 5 i 10% mas. na właściwości termiczne i mechaniczne kompozytów otrzymanych na bazie żywicy epoksydowej (Epidian®5). Sieciowanie żywicy poliaminą (IDA) potwierdzono metodą ATR/FT-IR. Do oceny właściwości termicznych zastosowano różnicową kalorymetrię skaningową (DSC). Oznaczono również właściwości mechaniczne przy rozciąganiu i zginaniu oraz twardość metodą Shore’a.