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1

Relationship between electrical, mechanical and microstructural properties of cfrps based on thermoplastic acrylic resin

Demski Szymon, Dydek Kamil, Krawczyk Zuzanna, Sobolewski Konrad, Mądry Piotr, Kozera Paulina, Boczkowska Anna, Sroka Jan, Ehrlich Hermann

Composites Theory and Practice

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2025

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R. 25, nr 2

67-74

EN

This study examines the effect of incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) based on Elium® thermoplastic acrylic resin and investigates the relationship between the studied properties. SWCNTs exhibited better dispersion in the matrix, which leads to better electrical conductivity (2.72 ± 0.34 S/m) and impact resistance (154 ± 14.6 kJ/m²) compared to MWCNTs. Microstructural analysis revealed a defect-free architecture of the SWCNT-modified laminates, while the MWCNT laminates showed small voids and agglomerates. The increased dispersion and interconnectivity of the SWCNTs contribute to an EMI shielding efficiency of 24.6 dB, a 30% improvement over the unmodified samples. These findings highlight the potential of SWCNTs to improve the multifunctional properties of thermoplastic CFRPs, including mechanical strength, electrical performance and EMI shielding capability, making them highly suitable for advanced aerospace, electronics and power applications. Moreover, the recyclability and lightweight nature of the Elium® resin matrix make these composites environmentally friendly and an alternative to traditional materials in a variety of industrial contexts.

2

Microstructure and features of thermal behavior of polymer composites based on polylactic acid and carbon nanotubes

Lysenkov Eduard A., Lysenkova Iryna P.

Composites Theory and Practice

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2025

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R. 25, nr 2

123-131

EN

This study investigates the thermal behavior of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) modified with multi-walled car bon nanotubes (MWCNTs), conducted to determine the influence of the nanofiller and the prehistory on the structural and phase transformations in the polymer matrix. Experimental samples with different MWCNT contents were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry to determine the glass transition temperatures, melting and crystallization features, as well as light microscopy methods to study the morphology. The obtained data made it possible to trace the dynamics of thermal transitions in nanocomposites considering the thermal prehistory and to identify trends in the formation of the crystalline structure depending on the MWCNT concentration. The results of the study indicate a complex interaction between the nanofiller and the polymer matrix, which is of significant importance for the development of new functional materials based on PLA with improved heat-resistant and mechanical properties.

3

Improving geopolymers with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for simultaneous adsorption of lead and anthracene from rainwater

Marszałek Anna, Salam Noura Fathy Abdel, Kamińska Gabriela

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2025

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Vol. 51, no. 1

32--44

EN

The aim of this study was to prepare and assess the effectiveness of a geopolymer doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxyl groups (GEO+MWCNT) for removing lead (Pb(II)) and anthracene (ANT) from rainwater. Characterization of the GEO+MWCNT demonstrated an increased specific surface area and microporosity compared to the pristine geopolymer (GEO). Adsorption experiments revealed that GEO+MWCNT achieved higher removal efficiencies for Pb(II) and ANT compared to GEO alone. The maximum removal rates of lead and anthracene by GEO+MWCNT were 100% and 87.5%, respectively, compared to 71.5% and 76.2% for GEO. For GEO+MWCNT, lead removal was 78.2% in anthracene-containing solutions and 86.7% in anthracene-free rainwater. The optimal removal of Pb(II) occurred at pH 8. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating a complex mechanism involving physical adsorption, chemisorption, and electrostatic attraction. These findings suggest that geopolymers, particularly when combined with MWCNT-COOH, have significant application potential for rainwater purification processes.

PL

Celem badań było przygotowanie i ocena skuteczności geopolimeru domieszkowanego wielościennymi nanorurkami węglowymi funkcjonalizowanymi grupami karboksylowymi (GEO+MWCNT) w usuwaniu ołowiu i antracenu (ANT) z wód opadowych. Przeprowadzone procesy adsorpcyjne pozwoliły określić skuteczność usuwania jonów ołowiu i antracenu, dobrać dawkę adsorbentu i czas procesu, a także określić wpływ pH roztworu na skuteczność adsorpcji. W badaniach skupiono się także na charakterystyce geopolimerów (potencjał SEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, XRF, ZETA), izotermach adsorpcji i kinetyce adsorpcji. Charakterystyka GEO+MWCNT wykazała zwiększoną powierzchnię właściwą i mikroporowatość w porównaniu z nieskazitelnym geopolimerem (GEO). Eksperymenty adsorpcyjne wykazały, że GEO+MWCNT osiągnął wyższą skuteczność usuwania Pb(II) i ANT w porównaniu z GEO. Maksymalne usunięcie ołowiu i antracenu przez GEO+MWCNT wyniosło odpowiednio 100% i 87,5%, natomiast dla GEO 71,5% i 76,2%. W przypadku GEO+MWCNT usunięcie ołowiu osiągnęło 78,2% w roztworach zawierających antracen i 86,7% w wodach deszczowych wolnych od antracenu. Optymalne usuwanie Pb(II) nastąpiło przy pH 8 dla GEO+MWCNT. Kinetyka adsorpcji była zgodna z modelem pseudodrugiego rzędu, wskazując na złożony mechanizm obejmujący adsorpcję fizyczną, chemisorpcję i przyciąganie elektrostatyczne. Odkrycia te sugerują, że geopolimery, szczególnie w połączeniu z MWCNT- COOH, mają znaczny potencjał zastosowania w procesach oczyszczania wody deszczowej.

4

Wstępne badania nad oceną parametrów mechanicznych ochronnych materiałów tekstylnych powlekanych pastą poliuretanową z dodatkiem grafitu i nanorurek węglowych

Irzmańska Emilia, Boczkowska Anna, Żyłka Emilia, Jurczyk-Kowalska Magdalena, Strycharz Kamila, Szroeder Paweł

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 1

117--123

PL

Omówiono wpływ grafitu oraz nanorurek węglowych dodanych do pasty powlekającej materiał tekstylny na podstawowe parametry mechaniczne. Przedstawiono wyniki badań odporności na przecięcie metodą TDM i coup test oraz odporności na ścieranie dla otrzymanych powlekanych materiałów tekstylnych.

EN

Meta-aramid fibers were coated with polyurethane paste mixed with graphite and C nanotubes in various configurations. Cutting and abrasion resistance as well as SEM anal. of composites were performed. The effect of the applied coating on the mech. parameters was examined.

5

Wybrane zagadnienia z nanotechnologii zaczynów cementowych stosowanych do uszczelniania otworów wiertniczych

Rzepka Marcin, Kędzierski Miłosz

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2024

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nr 244

1--136

PL

Nanotechnologia stanowi nową metodę podejścia do projektowania i wytwarzania komponentów o bardzo niewielkich rozmiarach, co pozwala na uzyskanie produktów o wyjątkowych właściwościach i funkcjach użytkowych. Wśród szeregu materiałów poddanych modyfikacji za pomocą nanotechnologii możemy również wyróżnić powszechnie znany i używany budulec, jakim jest cement. W niniejszej monografii omówiono szereg zagadnień związanych z wykorzystaniem nanotechnologii do sporządzania zaczynów cementowych stosowanych do uszczelniania otworów wiertniczych. Technologia sporządzania zaczynu cementowego w otworach wiertniczych przez ostatnie lata polegała często na wykorzystywaniu coraz to drobniejszych dodatków wypełniających pustki w matrycy cementowej. Do tego celu doskonale nadają się nanokomponenty, takie jak np. nano-SiO2 oraz nano-Al2O3, które powodują wyraźną poprawę parametrów płynnego i stwardniałego zaczynu cementowego. Redukują one odstój wody, czyli tzw. wolną wodę z zaczynów, oraz filtrację, co ma szczególnie znaczenie w przypadku cementowania otworów kierunkowych. Użycie nanododatków powoduje ponadto m.in. podwyższenie lepkości plastycznej oraz granicy płynięcia zaczynów cementowych, a także wyraźne skracanie czasu żelowania i wiązania receptur cementowych. W przypadku zaczynów z nano-SiO2 oraz nano-Al2O3 można zaobserwować wzrost (w porównaniu z zaczynami konwencjonalnymi) wartości wytrzymałości na ściskanie, wynikający ze szczelnego upakowania się w matrycy cementowej nanocząsteczek o bardzo małych ozmiarach. Mikrostruktura zaczynów z nanotlenkiem krzemu oraz glinu jest zwarta i cechuje się niewielką porowatością, o czym świadczą zamieszczone w monografii fotografie wykonane pod mikroskopem skaningowym oraz testy przeprowadzone na porozymetrze rtęciowym. Porowatości próbek zawierających nanododatki są znacznie niższe w porównaniu z porowatością zaczynów konwencjonalnych. Dzięki zastosowaniu zaczynów zawierających nanokomponenty zachodzi minimalne niebezpieczeństwo wytworzenia się kanalików dla przepływu mediów złożowych w płaszczu cementowym otworu wiertniczego. Wytrzymałości na ściskanie po 28 dniach hydratacji są wysokie (dla próbek z dodatkiem odpowiednio dobranych nanododatków dochodziły prawie do 40 MPa). Przyczepności do rur stalowych kamieni cementowych zawierających nanododatki również są wysokie (wynoszą często ok. 5–6 MPa). Ponadto zastosowanie innowacyjnej technologii w postaci nanorurek węglowych w zaczynach również wpływa pozytywnie na wzrost wytrzymałości mechanicznej oraz mikrostrukturę kamieni cementowych. Zmodyfikowane dodatkiem nanorurek kamienie cementowe charakteryzują się bardzo wysokimi wartościami wytrzymałości na ściskanie oraz wysokimi przyczepnościami do rur stalowych. Posiadają one zwartą mikrostrukturą o niskiej zawartości makroporów. Nanorurki mogą być z powodzeniem stosowane w zaczynach cementowych w szerokim zakresie temperatur (od 20°C do nawet do 150°C). Przedstawione w niniejszej monografii możliwości użycia zaczynów cementowych wzbogaconych nanokomponentami czy też nanorurkami węglowymi w istotny sposób poszerzają zakres dostępnych receptur, które można zastosować w celu optymalnego zacementowania otworów wiertniczych. Zaczyny z nanododatkami mogą w najbliższych latach znaleźć zastosowanie w przypadkach, w których konieczne będzie uzyskanie niezwykłej szczelności płaszcza cementowego w otworze wiertniczym.

EN

Nanotechnology is a new method of approaching the design and production of components of very small sizes, which allows for obtaining products with unique properties and functional functions. Among a number of materials modified using nanotechnology, we can also distinguish a commonly known and used building material, cement. This monograph discusses a number of issues related to the eradication of nanotechnology for the preparation of cement slurries used to seal boreholes. In recent years, the technology of preparing cement slurry in boreholes has often involved the use of increasingly finer additives to fill free spaces in the cement matrix. Nanocomponents are perfect for this purpose, such as nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3, which significantly improve the parameters of the liquid and hardened cement slurry. They reduce free fluid, i.e. the so-called free water from slurry and filtration, which is particularly important in the case of cementing directional boreholes. The use of nanoadditives also causes, among others, increasing the plastic viscosity and yield point of cement slurries as well as significantly shortening the gelling and setting time of cement slurries. In the case of nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 slurries, an increase (compared to conventional slurries) in the value of compressive strength can be observed, resulting from the tight packing of very small nanoparticles in the cement matrix. The microstructure of slurries with nanosilicon and aluminum oxide is compact and characterized by low porosity, as evidenced by the photographs included in the monograph, taken under a scanning microscope and by tests performed on a mercury porosimeter. The porosities of samples containing nanoadditives are much lower compared to the porosities of conventional slurries. Thanks to the use of slurries containing nanocomponents, there is a minimal risk of creating channels for the flow of formation media in the cement sheath of the borehole. The compressive strengths after 28 days of hydration are high (for samples with the addition of appropriately selected nanoadditives, they reached almost 40 MPa). Adhesions to steel pipes of cement stones containing nanoadditives are also high (often approx. 5 – 6 MPa). Moreover, the use of innovative technology in the form of carbon nanotubes in slurries also has a positive effect on the increase in mechanical strength and microstructure of cement stones. Cement stones modified with the addition of nanotubes are characterized by very high compressive strength values and high adhesion to steel pipes. They have a compact microstructure with a low content of macropores. Nanotubes can be successfully used in cement slurries in a wide temperature range (from 20°C to even up to 150°C). The possibilities of using cement slurries enriched with nanocomponents or carbon nanotubes presented in this monograph significantly expand the range of available recipes that can be used for optimal cementing of boreholes. In the coming years, slurries with nano-additives may be used in cases where it is necessary to obtain extraordinary tightness of the cement sheath in a borehole.

6

Conductivity and Flexibility Enhancement of Aerosol-Jet-Printed Sensors Using a Silver Nanoparticle Ink with Carbon Nanotubes

Zhang Haining, Moon Seung Ki, Jung Min-Kyo, Lee Pil-Ho, Ha Taeho, Choi Joon Phil

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 2

401--405

EN

Efforts to miniaturize and customize electronic devices have attracted considerable amounts of attention in many industrial fields. Recently, due to its innovative printing technology with the capability of printing fine features onto non-planar substrates without masks, aerosol jet printing (AJP) is emerging as a promising printed-electronics technology capable of meeting the requirements of various advanced electronic applications. In this research, a novel manufacturing process based on AJP is proposed in order to fabricate highly flexible and conductive customized temperature sensors. To improve the flexibility and conductivity of the printed tracks, a silver nanoparticle/carbon nanotubes composite ink is developed. Customized temperature sensors are then designed and fabricated based on the optimized process parameters of AJP. It was found that the CNTs served as bridges to connect silver nanoparticles and defects, which could be expected to reduce the contact resistivity and enhance the flexibility of the printed sensor.

7

Nowe nanomateriały do konstrukcji sprzętu sportowego

Jifang Yuan, Jianguo Chen, Yong Xu

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 8

783--794

PL

Nowe nanomateriały dla sprzętu sportowego zostały przygotowane poprzez wzmocnienie żywicy epoksydowej (EP) włóknami węglowymi (CF) i/lub nanorurkami węglowymi (CNT) w celu poprawy jakości, twardości, plastyczności i odporności na starzenie materiałów kompozytowych. CNT zostały równomiernie rozmieszczone poprzez filtrację próżniową i fizyczne osadzanie na powierzchni włókien CF. Wytrzymałość na zginanie kompozytów CF/EP-CNT była o 28,08% większa niż niemodyfikowanego kompozytu CF/EP. Po starzeniu w temp. 120°C naprężenia w kompozycie zostały rozproszone ze względu na doskonałą dyspergowalność CNT, a tłumienie długich pęknięć spowodowało zmniejszenie obszaru uszkodzenia.

EN

New nanomaterials for sport equipment were prepd. by reinforcing an epoxy resin (EP) with C fibers (CF) and/or C nanotubes (CNT) to improve quality, hardness, plasticity and aging resistance of the composite materials. The CNT were uniformly dispersed by vacuum filtration and phys. deposition on CF fiber surface. The bending strength of CF/EP-CNT composites was by 28.08% higher than that of an unmodified CF/EP composite. After aging at 120°C, the stress in the composite was dispersed due to the excellent dispersibility of CNT, and the suppression of long cracks resulted in a redn. of damage area.

8

Nanorurki węglowe jako nowoczesny materiał do konstrukcji czujników

Lenik Joanna

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2023

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nr 1

26--31

PL

Odkrycie nanorurek węglowych (CNT) w 1991 roku przez Sumio lijimę zapoczątkowało nową erę w materiałoznawstwie i nanotechnologii. Nanorurki węglowe to rodzaj alotropowej odmiany węgla, która budową przypomina walec. Twory te są niezwykle mocne i trudne do złamania, ale nadal lekkie. Ze względu na swoje fenomenalne właściwości elektryczne, termiczne, mechaniczne i chemiczne nanorurki węglowe są jednym z najlepiej przebadanych nanomateriałów. Wykorzystywane są w wielu dziedzinach, m.in. w medycynie, farmacji, nanoelektronice, nanokompozytach, w technologii elektronowej, przemyśle zbrojeniowym i wielu innych. Nanorurki węglowe są też często wykorzystywane w elektrochemii do konstrukcji czujników (tj. potencjometryczne), mających na celu poprawę ich odpowiedzi analitycznej. Nanomateriały te, ze względu na swoje unikatowe właściwości oraz ogromny obszar zastosowań, stanowią bardzo cenny materiał, który będzie zapewne głównym obiektem badań przyszłych technologii.

EN

The discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991 by Sumio lijima gave rise to a new era in material science and nanotechnology. Carbon nanotubes are a kind of carbon allotrope that resembles a tube of carbon atoms. They are extremely strong and are difficult to break, but they are still light. Due to their phenomenal electrical, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties, carbon nanotubes are one of the most tested nanomaterials. They are used in many fields, including medicine, pharmacy, nanoelectronics, nanocomposites, electron technology, the defense industry and many others. Carbon nanotubes are also often used in electrochemistry for the construction of sensors (i.e. potentiometric ones), aiming to improve their analytical response. This nanomaterial, due to its unique properties and a vast area of application, is a very valuable material that will probably be the main object of research future technologies.

9

Multimodal machine learning approach for exploring the 28-day compressive strength of nanomaterials-reinforced cement composites

Yang Jinlong, Zeng Bowen, Hang Ziyan, Fan Yucheng, Ni Zhi, Feng Chuang, Liu Chuang, Yang Jie

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e202, 2023

EN

Accurately predicting the 28-day compressive strength (CS) of carbon nanotubes-reinforced cement composites (CNTRCCs) and graphene oxide-reinforced cement composites (GORCCs) is crucial for accelerating their potential application in civil engineering. However, traditional experimental and theoretical modeling methods suffer from problems, including time-consuming, costly, and inefficient. Moreover, it is also challenging to consider the effects of multiple coupling factors. In this work, a multimodal machine learning (ML) approach is proposed as the first attempt to explore the complex relationships between the CS of hybrid system containing both CNTRCCs and GORCCs. The proposed multimodal ML shows great potential in estimating the nanomaterials-reinforced cement composites with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96, surpassing the single-modal ML approaches. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model in accurately predicting the 28-day CS of hybrid system containing both CNTRCCs and GORCCs. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis illustrates that the optimal concentration of CNT is approximately 0.5 wt%, and preferred length of CNT and sheet size of GO are within a range of 20–30 μm and below 10 μm, respectively. Additionally, the enhancement effect of a single-layer GO is better than its multilayer counterparts.

10

Effect of porosity and characteristics of carbon nanotube on the nonlinear characteristics of a simply-supported sandwich plate

Bidgoli E. Mohammad-Rezae, Arefi Mohammad

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e214, 2023

EN

This paper presents geometric-based nonlinear formulation of a composite sandwich plate on the elastic foundation based on first-order shear deformation theory. The composite sandwich plate is fabricated from a porous core integrated with two carbon-nanotubes-reinforced face sheets. After developing the kinematic relations based on first-order shear deformation theory, the geometric nonlinearity is accounted based on von-Karman-type nonlinearity. Porosity of the core is modeled based on two known models in terms of porosity coefficient. After presentation of the effective material properties of the core and the carbon nanotube reinforcement in terms of porosity coefficient, volume fraction of carbon nanotube, and basic material properties, the nonlinear governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle. Galerkin’s approach is applied to reduce nonlinear governing equations of motion to an ordinary time-dependent differential equation. The nonlinear frequency is analytically found based on linear frequency and initial boundary conditions. Before presentation of full numerical results, a comprehensive comparative study is presented for verification of the derivation and solution procedure. The nonlinear to linear frequency ratio is computed based on significant input parameters of porous core and carbon-nanotube-reinforced face sheets such as type of porosity, porosity coefficient, volume fraction, and type of reinforcement’s distribution.

11

Próbnik pasywny z nanorurkami węglowymi jako innowacyjne narzędzie w monitoringu środowiska wodnego

Godlewska Klaudia, Paszkiewicz Monika

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2023

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nr 4

22--27

PL

Artykuł opracowany na podstawie rozprawy doktorskiej dr. Klaudii Godlewskiej pt.: Nanorurki węglowe jako innowacyjne sorbenty w ekstrakcji pasywnej mikrozanieczyszczeń środowiska wodnego nagrodzonej przez Komitet Chemii Analitycznej PAN w 2023 roku w konkursie na najlepsze prace doktorskie. Nagroda ufundowana przez firmę Witko.

12

Comparative Investigation of Yield and Quality of Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Conversion of Recycled Polypropylene and Polyethylene Plastics over Fe-Co-Mo/CaCO3 Based on Chemical Vapour Deposition

Onu Matthew Adah, Ayeleru Olusola Olaitan, Oboirien Bilainu, Olubambi Peter Apata

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 5

174--186

EN

Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) plastic waste is accumulating in the environment and the oceans at an alarming rate. The current management methods, mostly landfilling and incineration, are becoming unsustainable. In this study, thermal catalytic conversion of waste PP and PE polymers into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a trimetallic catalyst prepared from the nitrate salts of iron, cobalt, and molybdenum supported with calcium carbonate was reported. The yield and quality of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced were investigated. The findings showed a high graphitic value for the CNTs obtained from PP and PE, as corroborated by the d-spacing of XRD. The ID/IG ratio of CNTS synthesized from PP and PE as carbon sources were 0.6724 and 0.9028, respectively, which showed that CNT produced from PP has more ordered graphite. The functional groups present in the produced CNTs were determined via FITR analysis. The BET and Langmuir surface areas were found to be (6.834 and 70.468 m2/g) and (6.733 and 70.347 m2/g) for CNTs obtained from PP and PE respectively. The d-spacing was computed as 0.3425 nm and 0.3442 nm for CNTs made from PP and PE. These fall within the graphite's d-spacing at 0.335 nm. The TGA showed high percentage purity of 94.71 and 94.40% for the products obtained from PP and PE, respectively. The findings showed that recycled PP and PE could be good alternative carbon sources for CNT production.

13

Druga rewolucja w konstrukcji lamp rentgenowskich

Jezierski Grzegorz

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2022

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z. 4

23--30

PL

W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze osiągnięcia w konstrukcji lamp rentgenowskich, które można określić drugą rewolucją. Mianowicie podstawowy problem jaki stwarzają dotychczasowe rozwiązania wynikające ze stosowania termicznego źródła elektronów (m.in. problem chłodzenia, sterowania pracą lampy) został rozwiązany poprzez wykorzystanie nanotechnologii do konstrukcji innowacyjnych źródeł elektronów w oparciu o emisję polową (nanorurki węglowe czy mikro-ostrza).

EN

The article presents the latest achievements in the design of X-ray tubes, which can be described as the second revolution. Namely, the basic problem posed by the current solutions resulting from the use of a thermal electron source (including the problem of cooling, tubes control) has been solved by using nanotechnology to construct innovative electron sources based on field emission (carbon nanotubes or micro-tips).

14

Effect of reaction time on the structure and optical properties of P3HT/MWCNT-OH nanocomposites

Nurazzi, Norizan Mohd, Abdullah Norli, Ngah Demon Siti Zulaikha, Halim Norhana Abdul, Sa'aya Nurul Syahirah Nasuha, Mohamad Imran Syakir

Polimery

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 5

205--211

EN

In the present study, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) coated hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-OH) nanocomposites were prepared over different reaction times of non-covalent functionalization. The reaction time was set as 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The structure and optical characteristics of nanocomposites were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, respectively. Reaction time affected prepared nanocomposites by decreasing the intensity of the P3HT/MWCNT-OH peaks gradually with increasing of the reaction time. Comparing with the pure P3HT and MWCNT-OH, the calculated energy band gap and the Urbach energy of the nanocomposites were reduced proportionally as the reaction time reached 120 hours and achieved 2.60 and 0.329 eV, respectively.

PL

Syntetyzowano hydroksylowane wielościenne nanorurki węglowe (MWCNT-OH) pokryte stereoregularnym poli(3-heksylotiofen-2,5-diylu) (P3HT) oraz zbadano wpływ czasu reakcji niekowalencyjnej funkcjonalizacji na strukturę i właściwości optyczne otrzymanego nanokompozytu. Czas reakcji wynosił 24, 48, 72, 96 i 120 godzin. W badaniach wykorzystano spektroskopię w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR) oraz ultrafioletową UV-Vis. Wraz ze wzrostem czasu reakcji następowało stopniowe zmniejszenie intensywności pików P3HT/MWCNT-OH. W porównaniu z P3HT i MWCNT-OH obliczona przerwa energetyczna i energia Urbacha zmniejszały się wraz z wydłużeniem czasu reakcji i osiągnęły odpowiednio 2,60 i 0,329 eV przy czasie reakcji 120 godzin.

15

The microstructures of in-situ synthesized TiC by Ti-CNTs reaction in Cu melts

Xu Xuexia, Wang Yong, Wang Qing, Dong Guozhen, Li Wenbin, Li Guowei, Lv YaDong, Zhang Jin, Ding Haimin

Materials Science Poland

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2022

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Vol. 40, No. 1

145--158

EN

In order to study the influence of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a source of carbon on the microstructure of in-situ synthesized TiC in Cu melts, CNTs and Ti powders were introduced into melted Cu to prepare TiC-reinforced Cu matrix composites. The influence of Ti/C ratio and Si on the microstructures and properties of the composites were also examined. It is found that CNTs can be effectively wetted through the Ti-C reaction and successfully introduced into Cu melt to synthesize TiC. In examining the changes in Ti/C ratio, it was found that an increase in the Ti content may result in the decrease of TiC agglomeration and improvement of TiC dispersion, while simultaneously causing an increase in the TiC particle size. Besides, while the addition of Si into Ti-CNTs mixture can also improve the distribution of TiC, the effect is weak compared with that of increasing the content of Ti. It was also found that the highest hardness (238.8 HV) is achieved by the Cu-Ti-C composite with the highest Ti/C ratio, while the electrical conductivities of all the prepared composites are relatively low, which should be due to the insufficient reaction between Ti and CNTs.

16

Study of Molecular Perovskite (H2dabco)[NH4(ClO4)3]/Carbon Nanotubes Energetic Composite

Hu Li-shuang, Liu Yang, He Dan, Yang Yajun, Gong Shida, Guang Chunyu, Deng Peng, Hu Shuangqi

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2022

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Vol. 19, no. 1

91--105

EN

An ammonium perchlorate (AP, NH4(ClO4)3)-based molecular perovskite energetic material (H2dabco)[NH4(ClO4)3]/carbon nanotubes (DAP/CNTs) composite was prepared and characterized. Molecular perovskite DAP samples were synthesized by a facile one-pot reaction of triethylenediamine, perchloric acid (PCA, HClO4), and AP via a molecular assembly strategy. The results showed that the mechanical sensitivity (impact and friction sensitivities: >120 cm and 20%) and electrostatic spark sensitivity (8.90 J) of the DAP/CNTs energetic composite with 10 wt.% CNTs exhibited less sensitivity than that of DAP (impact, friction and electrostatic spark sensitivities: 112.3 cm, 45%, and 5.39 J, respectively), because of the mixing desensitization mechanism of CNTs. Compared with the pure DAP, the DAP/CNTs energetic composite has better performance with respect to thermal stability, exothermic capacity, and excellent continuous combustion properties. The DAP/CNTs energetic composite has potential application in a weapons system.

17

The Effect of Titanium Nitride Thickness as a Support Layer for Carbon Nanotubes Growth

Ramli Muhammad M., Osman Nurul H., Darminto D., Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

963--966

EN

The effect of titanium nitride (TiN) thickness as the support layer for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth was investigated by depositing three different thicknesses: 20 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm. This TiN support layer was deposited on SiO2 pads before depositing nickel (Ni) as the catalyst material. The Ni distribution on different TiN thicknesses was studied under hydrogen environment at 600°C. Then, the samples were further annealed at 600°C in acetylene and hydrogen environment for CNTs growth. The results show that, the optimum TiN thickness was obtained for 50 nm attributed by the lowest D to G ratio (0.8).

18

Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes-Woven Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Laminated Composites via the Electrospray Deposition Method

Zakaria Muhammad Razlan, Khairuddin Nur Aishahatul Syafiqa Mohammad, Omar Mohd Firdaus, Akil Hazizan Md, Othman Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi, Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa, Abd Rahim Shayfull Zamree, Ting Sam Sung, Azmi Azida

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

669--675

EN

Herein, the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mechanical and dielectric performance of hybrid carbon nanotube-woven glass fiber (GF) reinforced epoxy laminated composited are investigated. CNTs are deposited on woven GF surface using an electrospray deposition method which is rarely reported in the past. The woven GF deposited with CNT and without deposited with CNT are used to produce epoxy laminated composites using a vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding. The tensile, flexural, dielectric constant and dielectric loss properties of the epoxy laminated composites were then characterized. The results confirm that the mechanical and dielectric properties of the woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminated composited increases with the addition of CNTs. Field emission scanning electron microscope is used to examine the post damage analysis for all tested specimens. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on GF based products.

19

Hierarchical Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotubes by Using Electrospray Deposition Method with Preserved Tensile Properties

Zakaria Muhammad Razlan, Akil Hazizan Md, Omar Mohd Firdaus, Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa, Rahim Shayfull Zamree Abd, Nabiałek Marcin, Wysłocki Jerzy J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 4

1299--1304

EN

In this study, the electrospray deposition (ESD) method was used to deposit carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto the surfaces of carbon fibers (CF) in order to produce hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotubes (CF-CNT) which is rarely reported in the past. Extreme high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (XHR-FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyse the hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotube (CF-CNT). The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully and homogenously distributed on the CF surface. Hybrid CF-CNT was then prepared and compared with CF without CNT deposition in terms of their tensile properties. Statistically, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the hybrid CF-CNT were increased by up to 3% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the CF without CNT deposition. The results indicated that the ESD method did not cause any reduction of tensile properties of hybrid CF-CNT. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on CF based products.

20

Enhancement of Tensile Properties of Glass Fibre Epoxy Laminated Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes interlayer using Electrospray Deposition

Zakaria Muhammad Razlan, Omar Mohd Firdaus, Akil Hazizan Md, Othman Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi, Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

685--690

EN

The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto glass fibre (GF) to create a hierarchical structure of epoxy laminated composites has attracted considerable interest due to their merits in improving performance and multifunctionality. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the woven hybrid GF-CNT. The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully deposited on the woven GF surface. Woven hybrid GF-CNT epoxy laminated composites were then prepared and compared with woven GF epoxy laminated composites in terms of their tensile properties. The results indicated that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the woven hybrid GF-CNT epoxy laminated composites were improved by up to 9% and 8%, respectively compared to the woven hybrid GF epoxy laminated composites.