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1

The toxicity of polyethylene microplastics on molecular and biochemical parameters in albino mice

Majeed Zahraa Mejbel, Rabee Adel Mashaan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 3

274--282

EN

Microplastics (MPs) pose a growing environmental and health threat. Polyethylene (PE), a common plastic, is increasingly accumulating in the environment and organisms, raising concerns about its potential impact on human health. This study investigated PE-MPs’ impact on biochemical and molecular markers in adult male albino mice. Three groups of mice were utilized: one group received distilled water as a control. In contrast, the other groups were administered oral gavage treatments of PE-MPs at dosages of 1.3 mg/kg or 0.6 mg/kg every other day for 45 days. PE-MPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with exposure time, especially at higher doses, inducing significant oxidative stress (P < 0.021) compared to the control group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased with exposure time (P < 0.0393), especially at lower doses. thus adversely affecting oxidants/antioxidants balance. Moreover, PE-MPs increased T3 and TSH levels significantly elevated in the high-dose group (G1, 1.3 mg/kg) compared to both the low-dose group (G2, 0.6 mg/kg) and the control group. The comet assay confirmed the genotoxic effects on DNA, which were evident through increased DNA damage. This highlights the necessity for more research to examine the health risks associated with environmental microplastics. We can have concluded that, the toxicity of microplastics is dose-dependent, indicating that increased exposure leads to heightened harm.

2

Effect of pollutants on phytoplankton biodiversity in the Tigris and Diyala Rivers in Baghdad Province

Alfalahi Hiba Adil, Aldhamin Ahmed S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 3

264--273

EN

The Tigris River is the second longest river in West Asia. It passes through densely populated areas, especially in the city of Baghdad. As a result of the demand for water that become at its highest levels. In contrast, the discharge of the Tigris River has decreased, in addition to the poor quality of the water of the Diyala River, which is one of the tributaries of the Tigris River on the Baghdad side, due to the increasing amounts of wastewater in it. In addition, the deficiency and poor quality of wastewater treatment plants, which in turn affects the life balance of living organisms, including phytoplankton, which is considered one of the components of the food chain for living organisms in the ecosystem. Wide differences exist among algal species in their requirements for nutrient metals or in their sensitivity to pollutants and thus the predominant effect of pollutants may well be on species composition of phytoplankton communities. Five sites were chosen (Saeda on the Tigris, Al-Multaqa on Diyala, Al-Tuwaitha on Tigris, Al-Jaara on the Tigris, and Jesr Enbopy on Diyala) from which samples were taken to measure heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe), chemical oxygen demand COD, pH, and phytoplankton were diagnosed in quantity and quality for three seasons (October, January, and March) Statistical techniques were applied and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) to evaluate the changes during the three seasons, and the results that the phytoplankton species showed a dominance of Cyanophyceae in quantity and quality in the study seasons, which is followed by Chlorophyceae and then Baciliariophyceae in quantity. As for quality, Cyanophyceae is followed by Baciliariophyceae and then Chlorophyceae with low specific density and high diversity according to the Shannon-Wiener index only in autumn with a high diversity of 3.39 at site 2 of the Diyala River, followed by spring with a diversity of 3.115 at site 1 of the Tigris River., The highest biomass of phytoplankton occurred in autumn, whereas the lowest biomass was in spring.

3

The waste load and carrying capacity on intensive shrimp farming: A mini review

Ariadi Heri, Musa Muhammad, Mahmudi Mohammad, Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 4

323--333

EN

Intensive shrimp farming activities have had a massive impact on the increase in waste load in aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we attempt to summarize shrimp farming activities along with the waste pollution mechanisms generated from the operational cycle of intensive shrimp ponds to understand their effect on the pond’s carrying capacity. The method used for this review is a literature review to gain an in-depth understanding of the research topic being studied. The intensification of shrimp farming, which began in the mid-2000s, has resulted in increased shrimp farming activities in coastal areas. The negative impact of intensive shrimp farming is a decline in environmental quality due to aquaculture waste pollution. The sources of shrimp farming waste include uneaten feed, feces, suspended materials, organic matter, ecdysis, and runoff waste. One of the consequences of waste pollution in shrimp farming is the increase in disease prevalence, a decline in the biophysical status of the farming land, and carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of the pond ecosystem will decrease due to the consumption of dissolved oxygen for waste decomposition. This condition will lead to hypoxia, which is dangerous for shrimp, and a decline in water quality in the pond. Therefore, proper waste management in shrimp farming, based on empirical research findings and providing practical solutions, is needed. This study provides important information regarding the car-rying capacity of intensive shrimp pond ecosystems and potential management options for the future.

4

Exploring diesel engine efficiency and pollutants in blending diesel fuel with waste tire oil pyrolysis with preheating process

Mahdi Qusai Adnan

Diagnostyka

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2025

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Vol. 26, No. 2

art. no. 2025215

EN

Because so much tire waste is produced globally, there is a substantial waste disposal problem. Tires can be processed using pyrolysis to produce fuel, char, and gas as they do not disintegrate completely in the environment. This study focused on tire pyrolysis TP as an additional source of fuel as oxygenate blends, and conducted on a four-stroke diesel engine operating at 1500 rpm to test and compare pure diesel from Basra refinements DA 100% with other fuel categories. The di-fuel and tri-fuel mixture have been perpetrated by employing the magnetic stirrer devices, DA75%+TP25%, DB75% (high density diesel) from Dourah refinements75%+TP25%, and DA50%+DB25%+TP 25% this samples has been tested with and without preheating in diesel engine. Then all samples are placed in an Ultrasonic device to ensure a perfect mixture. It was found that the addition the TP decrease the engine power in all situation, and the maximum BTE% recorded for DA100%, and decreased for other samples by 7.7 and 11.9% when using DA75+TP25%, DB75%+TP25% respectively. The volumetric efficiency decreased by 7%, and all engine emissions recorded increased by 42.8%,10.71%,5.62%,78.125%, and 44.83% for CO, CO2, UNH, NOx, and smoke opacity for DB75%+TP25% compared with Basra pure diesel. Moreover, heated fuel to 60 oC, DA50%+DB25%+TP25% appears to behave like DA100% in both engine performance and emissions.

5

Monitoring jakości powietrza wokół fermy bydła za pomocą mobilnego systemu pomiarowego

Jaguszewski Sebastian, Wilk Maciej, Gancarz Mateusz, Cenian Martyna, Karpińska Katarzyna, Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 7

776--779

PL

W celu określenia zasięgu rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń gazowych prowadzono badania w fermie bydła z wykorzystaniem mobilnego systemu pomiarowego. Wykonano pomiary koncentracji amoniaku, siarkowodoru i pyłu zawieszonego. Analizowane zanieczyszczenia nie stwarzały zagrożenia dla środowiska.

EN

The content of NH₃ and H₂S as well as particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 in the air of a cattle farm was studied using an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with measurement sensors. The analyzed pollutants did not pose a threat to the environment.

6

Standardizing the Wastewater Composition in Order to Minimize the Eutrophication Risk for the Reservoir

Proskurnin Oleg, Tsapko Natalia, Ivashchenko Taras, Vasilenko Sergey, Belokon Karina, Zakharchenko Nikolay, Yurchenko Anatolii, Teliura Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

144--152

EN

The article strives to determine the allowable content of nutrients in the wastewater that is being discharged into a reservoir, with the end goal of minimizing the risk of eutrophication. It was noted that the methodology currently used in Ukraine and most European countries to control pollutant discharge in wastewater is designed to simply not exceed the permissible pollution level in natural water based on sanitary indicators, which does not guarantee the absence of the eutrophication risk to the water bodies. The article describes a developed method for determining the allowable composition of wastewater based on biogenic indicators. The proposed method takes into account the consecutive transformation of nutrients, the probabilistic nature of the factors that determine the quality of water in water bodies, as well as the cost of purifying wastewater from various pollutants. The problem was considered for the case of wastewater discharge into a reservoir through a watercourse. This research is a practical scientific basis for further improving the methodology for standardization of the wastewater composition in order to protect water bodies from eutrophication.

7

Performance of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Different Media

Matolisi Elizabet, Damiri Nurhayati, Imanudin Momon Sodik, Hasyim Hamzah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

107--119

EN

Water and land pollution is a major environmental problem. One treatment system that is suitable for use in many parts of the world is wastewater treatment from artificial wetlands. The sample source came from the Aur River, Palembang City. The vegetation used consists of water spinach, water hyacinth and lotus. This research aims to determine the influence of constracted wetlands (CW); know the differences in length of treatment; determine the differences in the effectiveness of kale, water hyacinth and lotus vegetation, and calculate the percentage reduction in concentration after treatment. The results of the research showed that the results of the analysis of the influence before and after the CW intervention on three vegetation on the parameters BOD, COD, DO, oil and fat, detergent, ammonia, and total coliform obtained the same P value, namely 0.000, meaning there was a significant influence on concentration before and after CW intervention was carried out. The results of the analysis of differences in concentration in the three vegetation groups in week-1, week-2, week-3 and week-4 on the parameters BOD, COD, DO, oil and fat, detergent and ammonia obtained the same P value, namely 0.000 (<0.05) means that there is a significant difference in concentration after the CW intervention, while the total coliform in the three vegetation groups was found to be kale vegetation 0.979 (>0.05), water hyacinth vegetation 0.972 (>0.05) and lotus vegetation 0.971 (>0,05) means there is no significant difference in concentration. The results of the analysis of kale, water hyacinth and lotus vegetation of the horizontal CW type showed that the P value of BOD, COD and DO was the same, namely 0.000, (< 0.05) meaning there was a difference, while the parameters oil and fat=0.888, detergent=0.945, ammonia=0.902 and total coliform=0.977 (>0.05) meaning there is no difference. Apart from that, there was also a decrease in concentration before and after the constracted wetlands intervention. Each vegetation group. In water spinach vegetation, it is between 86.36–562.50%, water hyacinth is between 91.30–737.50%, and lotus is between 91.30–737.50%.

8

Efficient and Eco-Friendly Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Low-Cost Adsorbents

Hamed Mohamed Ahmed Reda, Abdallah Marwa Abdelfattah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

111--118

EN

The present study emphasizes the utilization ability of less expensive industrial waste adsorbents such as fly ash (FA) to adsorb heavy metals from wastewater r to remove its constituent pollutants, amazing eco-friendly technology guarantees benefits with the decrease in the formation of dangerous solid sludge. In the extended experimental work program: parameters such as pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosages were conducted. The results showed a remarkable treatment equilibrium time after two hours. From all the factors, the pH ranges from 5 to 8 significantly influenced the elimination of heavy metals removal efficiencies, and the highest achieved uptake efficiency during the whole three hours of the experiment period was found to be 93%, 90%, 85%, 79 %, 75 % and 70% for Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cd respectively with an optimum fly ash treatment dose of 15 g/L. Based on several performance metrics and visual indicators, different predictive regression-based models for wastewater heavy metals removal efficiencies were developed and compared to the experimental data. The statistical validation indicators revealed that a high correlation was obtained. In addition, the experiment’s data were utilized using the Langmuir isotherm model. The results of adsorption data were highly satisfactory statistically match providence to Langmuir heavy metals kinetics removal with mean values of 8%, 11%, and 93% for relative mean absolute error (MAE)rel, percent bias (PBIAS), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) respectively.

9

Determination of the Microorganisms’ Resistance to Antibiotics in the Bacterioplankton Community in the Akmola Region Lakes

Akbayeva Lyailya, Bakeshova Zhumabike, Mamytova Nurgul, Yelikbayev Bakhytzhan, Abzhalelov Akhan, Tazitdinova Rumiya, Beisenova Raikhan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

99--108

EN

The purpose of the work was to conduct biotesting for the presence of antibiotics in several lakes of the Akmola region, located in the zone of possible ingress of antimicrobial drugs into them. The adopted research method was the modified disk diffusion method, employed to determine the microorganisms’ sensitivity to the used antibiotics. As a result of the study, sensitivity to antibiotics remained in the main control lakes. The antibiotics that have not been found to be resistant to microorganisms in lakes included: enronite, furagin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone, and amikacin. The most common resistance of microorganisms 90–100% was in such antibiotics as benzylpenicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tylosin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole, amikacin, and spectinomycin.

10

Analyses of Bioretention Systems for Removal of Stormwater Pollutants

Sholagberu Abdulkadir T., Nuwagaba Emmanuel, Tibenderana Philip, Terseer Ako, Bainomugisha Jonan, Twesigye-omwe Moses N., Tobby Agwe M., Oluwatosin Olofintoye O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 8

276--285

EN

Stormwater transports directly into rivers eroded soil, animal wastes, pesticides, fertilizers and other potential pollutants. Bioretention is often designed to capture and treat it using the natural properties of soil and plants. However, selection of appropriate media structure and plants need to be adequately studied. This study investigated the performance of bioretention system in removing stormwater pollutants using Dracaena, a local plant, also called Song of India Plants. Physical model of three Columns A, B and C were developed having five layered filter media of different configurations whose materials were analyzed to meet the design standards. The plants were introduced into Columns A and C leaving out B as control experiment. The quality parameters were determined before and after treatments at ages 10, 20, 30 and 40 days when Dracaena plants were introduced into bioretention models. The results showed that the bioretention model drastically improved stormwater quality by reducing values of electrical conductivity, total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as compared to the tested raw stormwater samples. The filter media in both Columns A and C substantially reduced the pollutant levels to standard discharge limits for all parameters tested such as TSS, TC, FC, BOD and nitrates. BOD fell within the recommended standard after 20 days of treatment in Column C with considerable reduction in TC and FC by 68.9% and 75.4% respectively when compared to raw stormwater sample. However, Column C completely removed TC and FC at 40 days which are pathogen indicators in wastewater. This study would be useful to the stakeholders for sustainable stormwater treatment and management.

11

Selected pollutants of the aquatic environment - challenges, health hazards, and removal methods

Karbowniczek Martyna, Pajura Rebeka, Kida Małgorzata, Ziembowicz Sabina, Mikuła Karolina

Instal

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2024

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nr 12

58--64

EN

The current challenge for environmental protection is pollution from the group of emerging pollutants (ECs). Emerging contaminants are a group of highly toxic substances present in the environment at very low concentrations. These contaminants often enter aquatic ecosystems from various sources, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial chemicals. Due to their bioaccumulative properties, ECs can move through the food chain, eventually reaching human bodies. Due to their bioaccumulative properties, ECs can move through the trophic chain, eventually reaching the human body. The aim of the article was to indicate the need for further research on the toxicity of these pollutants, their impact on the environment and human health, and to develop guidelines regulating their permissible concentrations. The importance of developing effective methods for removing ECs from various environmental components was also pointed out. Implementing these removal techniques, alongside regulations limiting the use of these substances, is essential to protect water quality and public health.

PL

Aktualnym wyzwaniem dla ochrony środowiska są zanieczyszczenia z grupy nowo pojawiających się zanieczyszczeń (ECs). Nowopojawiające się zanieczyszczenia to grupa silnie toksycznych substancji obecnych w środowisku w bardzo niskich stężeniach. Te zanieczyszczenia często przedostają się do ekosystemów wodnych z różnych źródeł, takich jak produkty farmaceutyczne, kosmetyki i chemikalia przemysłowe. Ze względu na właściwości bioakumulacyjne, ECs mogą przemieszczać się przez łańcuch troficzny, ostatecznie docierając do organizmu człowieka. Ich trwałość sprawia, że pozostają w środowisku przez wiele lat, co prowadzi do szkodliwych skutków dla różnych elementów ekosystemu oraz zdrowia ludzi. Celem artykułu było wskazanie potrzeb dalszych badań nad toksycznością tych zanieczyszczeń, ich wpływem na środowisko i zdrowie ludzi oraz opracowania wytycznych regulujących ich dopuszczalne stężenia. Wskazano również znaczenie opracowania skutecznych metod usuwania ECs z różnych komponentów środowiska. Wdrożenie technik usuwania tych zanieczyszczeń oraz przepisów ograniczających ich stosowanie, jest niezbędne do ochrony jakości wody i zdrowia publicznego.

12

Jednostkowa ilość komunalnych osadów ściekowych wytworzonych w aglomeracjach ujętych w sprawozdaniach KPOŚK

Kamizela Tomasz, Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria

Instal

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2024

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nr 10

43--46

PL

W artykule analizowano jednostkową ilość wytwarzanych osadów ściekowych (JIOK) w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków. Badaniem objęto dane z okresu 3 lat (2020-2022) i analizowano zmienność wartości wskaźników JIOK w zależności od wydajności oczyszczalni wyrażonej w równoważnej liczbie mieszkańców (RLM). Wyniki analiz wskazują, że mniejsze oczyszczalnie (< 2 000 RLM) mają wyższe i bardziej zróżnicowane wartości JIOK, co może świadczyć o niższej efektywności procesów oczyszczania oraz większej zmienności operacyjnej. Większe jednostki (≥ 100 000 RLM) charakteryzują się niższymi i bardziej stabilnymi wartościami JIOK, co sugeruje bardziej zaawansowane i zoptymalizowane zarządzanie procesami oczyszczania i gospodarką osadową. Stwierdzono, że monitorowanie i analiza wskaźników JIOK mogą być kluczowe dla efektywnego zarządzania procesami oczyszczania ścieków. Wyniki badania wskazują na potrzebę dalszej optymalizacji procesów w mniejszych oczyszczalniach oraz stałego monitorowania efektywności usuwania zanieczyszczeń i wytwarzania osadów.

EN

The article analyses the unit quantity of sewage sludge produced (JIOK) in municipal wastewater treatment plants. The study covered data from a 3-year period (2020-2022) and analyzed the variability of JIOK indicator values as a function of treatment plant capacity, expressed in equivalent population equivalents (PE). The results of the analyses show that smaller treatment plants (< 2,000 PE) have higher and more diverse JIOK values, which may indicate lower efficiency of treatment processes and greater operational variability. Larger plants (≥ 100,000 PE) are characterized by lower and more stable SGS values, indicating more advanced and optimized management of treatment processes and sludge management. It was found that monitoring and analysis of JIOK indicators can be crucial for effective management of wastewater treatment processes. The results of the study indicate the need for further process optimization in smaller treatment plants and continuous monitoring of the efficiency of pollutant removal and sludge production.

13

Studying the Effects of Pollutants from Industrial Facilities on Soil and Plant Pollution

Albadry Noor Al-Huda Nadhim, Alawsy Wafaa Sahib Abbood

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 8

316--330

EN

Industrial facilities that participate significantly in the production of many human needs and are useful in various activities. This study evaluates the impact of an electric power generation station, an oil refinery, and a brick factory on emissions and liquid waste that pollute soil and plants with lead and cadmium in the surrounding areas. Soil samples were taken in four dimensions, with a distance of 500 m between each sample. the results showed that the levels of heavy metals analyzed were high for both lead and cadmium, as the lead concentration ranged between 150.30–22.15, 240.40–30.20, and 250.33–21.91. The results indicated the total concentration of cadmium, which ranged between (0.50–2.20) and (0.9–2.51) and (0.55–1.66) mg·Cd·kg-1 soil for each of the electric power generation station, oil refinery, and brick factories, respectively. The highest value of the pollution factor was recorded at distance of 500 m, which amounted to 11.42, which is within the range of CF ˃ 6. This indicates very high pollution. As for the distance of 2000 m, it reached 3.65, which indicates high pollution. The highest value for the environmental risk index Er with lead in the soil of brick factories was at the distance of 500 and 1000 m, as it reached 57.10 and 41.10 respectively. It was with low limits to Moderately toxic to lead and moderate to highly toxic to cadmium. However, a mechanism must be developed to reduce the concentrations of these elements, which are enriched by these industrial facilities.

14

Reducing Pollutants in Coal Wastewater with Moringa oleifera and Natural Biocoagulants Combination

Ilham Fadli M., Djoni Bustan M., Haryati Sri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 8

232--244

EN

The wastewater treatment process for middle rank coal employed coagulation-flocculation technology with bio coagulants to efficiently reduce the concentration of contaminants. This method utilized Moringa oleifera L. seed powder as the main bio coagulant, in addition to papaya seeds (Carica papaya Linn.) and Ambon banana peel waste (Musa paradisiaca var.) as secondary bio coagulants, which are combined with the main bio coagulant. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and effectiveness of bio coagulant compounds obtained from plants and waste materials. The study objective was also to investigate the effectiveness of combining biocoagulants derived from Moringa oleifera L., Carica papaya, and Musa paradisiaca var. in treating coal effluent. Biocoagulant is a natural alternative to chemicals like aluminum sulfate (Alum) that are detrimental to the environment. It is present in the ecosystem and serves as a substitute for these hazardous substances. The results revealed that the optimal dosage for combining bio coagulants was 1 gram per liter, with a composition ratio of 2 parts primary bio coagulant to 1 part auxiliary bio coagulant. The analysis of water pollutants showed a reduction in turbidity and total suspended solid (TSS) by 99.26% and 99.11% respectively. Additionally, there was a decrease in the levels of heavy metals iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) by 98.71% and 99.88% respectively.

15

Seasonal and Qualitative Approach of the Oued Mellègue Basin (Algeria)

Samai Ibtissem, Nebbache Saloua, Aounallah Ouafia, Ayat Somia Lakehal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

184--191

EN

Water holds a particularly important place in our lives; it is a precious resource called: blue gold. Unfortunately, pollutants and pollution in general are the main causes of the degradation of the quality of water resources in the world. In this intention we have focused our research on a qualitative study of surface waters of the Oued Mellègue watershed (North East of Algeria), which is a tributary of Oued Medjerda (Souk-Ahras), whose objective is to estimate the intensity as well as the origin of the pollution that has contaminated this water course However, the results obtained reveal that the waters of this wadi are totally polluted and deteriorated, and they have lost all their physical and chemical qualities. And they become contaminated to the point that they have become harmful for the public and for the fauna and flora that shelter. So the research of solutions to the pollution of water resources must be in full swing, because the future of water is intimately linked to that of humanity. It must therefore be preserved and protected rigorously and with great accuracy.

16

Indoor Air Quality, Health Effects Resulting from Coffee Shops Smoke – Review

Al Kindi Ghayda Yaseen, Al‑Haidri Husam A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

67--78

EN

All over the world, people are drawn to stay most of their time in indoor environments and largely in restaurants and cafes. For this reason, the aim of this study is to provide information to decision-makers and researchers about indoor air pollution in cafes and its significant impact on people’s health. Cigarettes, hookahs, and electronic cigarettes abound in cafes frequented by young people (Most of them are school students) and some women, In addition, to minors. The main sources of pollutants in coffee shops are heating, cooling, cooking, and emissions from shisha, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes. The most common pollutants are CO, PMs, NOx, SOx, and VOCs, in addition to nicotine. Health effects appear in adults, children, and women, they affect otitis media, and heart disease for children, while it is on heart attack, nasal irritation, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease. As for its effects on the pregnant woman and the fetus, it affects reproduction and low birth weight. This review could be for environmental legislators for Iraqis, in international organizations to formulate legislation for indoor air for cafes that takes into account all sources of air pollution to create a healthy and comfortable environment. The review is also useful for cafe managers and customers to understand the potential health risks of indoor air pollution.

17

Oznaczanie zanieczyszczeń pierwiastkowych w wyrobach ceramicznych wytwarzanych z dodatkiem różnych odpadów poprodukcyjnych

Liczbińska Aleksandra Anna, Cieślik Bartłomiej Michał

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2023

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nr 2

22--25

PL

Niektóre odpady zawierające związki toksyczne mogą zostać immobilizowane w nierozpuszczalnej matrycy materiału poprzez zamieszanie odpadów z materiałami stanowiącymi podstawowe surowce w produkcji.

18

Analysis of the distribution of statistical concentrations of pollutants in samples of treated wastewater from small sewage treatment plants

Kaczor Grzegorz B.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

115--124

EN

The aim of the research was to show which theoretical statistical distribution best reflects and describes the variability of pollutant concentrations in treated sewage, discharged from small sewage treatment plants, characterised by a value below 2000 PE. The statistical analysis additionally takes into account the influence of the number of measuring sequence data on the shape and level of the distribution fit. The data for the research were obtained from three small sewage treatment plants, operating in the Lesser Poland, 10, 11 and 14 km from Kraków. Due to their size, these facilities are included in the group of treatment plants below 2000 PE. The research was conducted for 10 years. In the statistical analysis, 20-, 40-, 60- and 80-element data series were used, including the values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and total suspended solids (TSS), determined in samples of treated wastewater. Two commonly used tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov λ and Pearson’s χ2 test were used to assess the fit of the theoretical statistical distribution to the empirical data distribution. Statistical analysis showed that the studied communities were characterised by an asymmetric, right-oblique distribution. Most often, the empirical distribution of the analysed measurement sequences was consistent with the Fisher-Tippett distribution. On the basis of the χ2 test, this distribution was described by a total of 31 out of 36 analysed groups at the significance level of a = 0.05. Other distributions that often describe the analysed empirical data are: Gamma, log-normal, Chi-square, and Weibull. The common feature of these distributions is usually asymmetry, right oblique. The skewness value ranges from 0.15 to 1.69.

19

Selected hazards to quality of groundwater resulting from the reclamation of an open pit with waste rocks - a case study of a backfill sand mine

Niedbalska Katarzyna, Bukowski Przemysław

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2022

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R. 63, nr 3

16--22

EN

The use of rock wastes after mining and processing of hard coal for reclamation of opencast workings is a common form of restoring utility functions to these areas. The origin of these wastes, their properties, petrographic and mineral composition as well as the method and time of depositing in the excavation directly affect the emissions to the soil and water environment of pollutants, which may affect the quality of groundwater in the area of the open pit and significantly affect the possibility of their economic use. On the example of CTL Maczki-Bór S.A. backfill sand mine an analysis of the leachability of selected components from post-mining wastes, differentiated in terms of their deposition time and exposure to external factors, was performed. The article presents the results of analyzes of the content of components (elements and/or ions) in the form of their concentrations in the aqueous solution and per unit of dry mass of the tested wastes. The correlation was assessed between the concentration values of selected components, obtained in laboratory tests in pore extracts, and those observed in-situ in the drainage well made in the waste dump.

PL

Stosowanie do rekultywacji wyrobisk odkrywkowych materiału skalnego stanowiącego odpad po wydobyciu i przeróbce węgla kamiennego jest powszechną formą przywracania tym terenom funkcji użytkowych. Pochodzenie tych odpadów, ich właściwości, skład petrograficzny i mineralny oraz sposób i czas deponowania w wyrobisku wpływają bezpośrednio na zakres emisji zanieczyszczeń do środowiska gruntowo-wodnego. Zanieczyszczenia te w różnym stopniu mogą kształtować jakość wód podziemnych w rejonie odkrywki i istotnie wpływać na możliwość gospodarczego ich wykorzystania. Na przykładzie kopalni piasku podsadzkowego CTL Maczki-Bór S.A. dokonano analizy wymywalności wybranych składników z odpadów pogórniczych, zróżnicowanych pod kątem czasu ich deponowania i ekspozycji na czynniki zewnętrzne. Analizie poddano zawartość składników (pierwiastków i/lub jonów) w formie ich stężeń w roztworze oraz w przeliczeniu na jednostkę suchej masy badanych odpadów. Dokonano oceny korelacji pomiędzy wartościami stężeń wybranych składników uzyskanymi w badaniach laboratoryjnych w wyciągach porowych, a obserwowanymi in-situ w studzience odciekowej wykonanej na zwałowisku skał płonnych.

20

Models of adsorption of natural contaminants from treated water for municipal purposes on powdered activated carbon

Bielski Andrzej

Technical Transactions

|

2020

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Vol. 117, iss. 1

art. no. e2020006

EN

The paper investigates whether time and doses of powder activated carbon (PAC) effect adsorption rates of organic contaminants from water and proposes a new model of volume adsorption. Depending on the nature of the organic compounds present in water, a general description of the adsorption process may require a linear combination of adsorption models running at different rates and at different parameters of adsorption isotherms. The model showed a good fit with the measured data and could be used in designing adsorption units at water or wastewater treatment plants. The proposed set of model equations enables to predict the effects of PAC adsorption in both plug flow reactors and homogeneous reactors.

PL

Artykuł bada, w jaki sposób czas i dawki proszku węgla aktywnego (PAC) wpływają na szybkość adsorpcji zanieczyszczeń organicznych z wody, i proponuje nowy model adsorpcji objętościowej. W zależności od charakteru związków organicznych obecnych w wodzie ogólny opis procesu adsorpcji może wymagać liniowej kombinacji modeli adsorpcji działających z różnymi prędkościami i przy różnych parametrach izoterm adsorpcji. Model, na którym przeprowadzono badania, wpasował się w przykładowe dane, więc można go wykorzystać do projektowania jednostek adsorpcyjnych w oczyszczalniach wody lub ścieków. Proponowany zestaw równań modelowych pozwala przewidzieć skutki adsorpcji PAC zarówno w reaktorach z przepływem tłokowym, jak i reaktorach homogenicznych.