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1

Study of the effect of process factors on the wear rate and surface integrity in incremental point forming of AA6061 aluminum alloy

Mughir Walaa Amer, Jasim Hussein Hatem

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 3

84--95

EN

Incremental point forming is a contemporary method employed in sheet metal forming to achieve great flexibility in fabrication of intricate forms, eliminating the requirement for specific mold. According to its exceptional mechanical characteristics and low weight, this method is particularly employed in the production of aluminium alloys. The essential aim of this research is to examine the deformation mechanisms and discuss the mechanical properties of aluminium during the incremental forming process. The aim was to examine how various process parameters influence the surface properties, hardness, and wear resistance of the workpieces using aluminium alloy type AA6061. The parameters under investigation are increment step down size, feed rate, and spindle rotational speed. Furthermore, the impact of these factors on the forming process was investigated using several methodologies, including the Taguchi method for parameter optimization and surface analysis. The findings of this study demonstrate that spindle rotation speed exerted a substantial influence on both surface roughness and hardness, accounting for 63.41% for hardness and 52.19% for roughness. In terms of wear rate, the step size had the most significant impact, accounting for 48.53%.

2

Analytical study of durability and contact characteristics of metal-polymer composite sliding bearings for means of transport

Chernets Myron, Wrona Rafał, Chernets Yuriy

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 123

5--21

EN

The field of application of metal-polymer bearings is vast: transport of various types, processing industry equipment, medical equipment, various types of maintenance equipment, etc. With the use of the developed generalized author's analytical method of metal-polymer plain bearings on the basis of which it is laid the author's research methodology of materials wear kinetics at sliding friction (dry, lubricated), calculation of their durability is carried out. Contact parameters are also determined. Metal-polymer bearings with a bushing made of PA6, PA66 polyamide and PA6 based composites filled with glass (PA6 + 30GF) and carbon (PA6 + 30CF) dispersed fibres, molybdenum disulphide (PA6 + MoS2) and oil filled cast polyamide (PA6 + oil) are considered. These polyamides (unfilled and filled), as self-lubricating materials, are widely used in this type of dry friction sliding bearings. The predictive estimation of durability of investigated bearings depending on loading, polymer materials Young's modulus, their wear resistance and sliding friction coefficient is executed. Regularities of change from the specified factors of bearing's durability and the maximum contact pressures are established. Experimental indicators, diagrams, and wear resistance characteristics of the specified polymeric materials are presented. The results of researches of sliding friction coefficient and modulus of elasticity for carbon steel (0.45%C) – polyamides tribocouples are presented.

3

Possibility of Introducing Molybdenum Disulfide into the Layer During Gas Nitriding

Kazimierski Grzegorz, Stodolny Jerzy, Goły Marcin, Wróbel Rafał J.

Tribologia

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2024

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nr 3

57--71

EN

The aim of this study was to attempt the introduction of molybdenum disulfide as an excellent solid lubricant into the nitrided coating before the nitriding process. In the commonly applied methods, nitriding precedes depositing MoS2 powder on a surface. In the method described in the article, this order was reversed and the surface intended for frictional contact was first coated with a layer of MoS2 powder and then subjected to gas nitriding in an ammonia atmosphere. The most important observations indicate that the presence of MoS2 on the surface before nitriding did not hinder the thermochemical treatment, and the applied molybdenum disulfide powder was transferred to the surface layer after nitriding. Some of the MoS2 powder was embedded in the upper regions of the white layer, and the presence of some powder was found on the surface of the nitrided layer. Such a result obtained in the new technological variant is a desirable circumstance that allows for better utilization of the lubricating properties of the new coating.

PL

Celem pracy była próba wprowadzenia dwusiarczku molibdenu jako doskonałego stałego smaru do powłoki azotowanej przed procesem azotowania. Znane metody głównie stosują najpierw azotowanie, a następnie osadzanie proszku MoS2 na takiej powierzchni. Wadą tych metod jest jedynie powierzchniowa obecność MoS2 na powłoce. W opisanej w artykule metodzie kolejność ta została odwrócona i w pierwszej kolejności na powierzchnię przeznaczoną do kontaktu ciernego nałożono warstwę proszku MoS2,którą następnie poddano azotowaniu gazowemu w atmosferze amoniaku. Najważniejsze obserwacje wskazują, że obecność MoS2 na powierzchni przed azotowaniem nie utrudniała procesu obróbki cieplno-chemicznej, a zastosowany proszek dwusiarczku molibdenu po azotowaniu przeniósł się na warstwę wierzchnią. Część proszku MoS2 została osadzona w górnych obszarach białej warstwy i stwierdzono obecność pewnej ilości proszku na powierzchni warstwy azotowanej. Uzyskany wynik w nowym wariancie technologicznym jest pożądaną okolicznością, która pozwala na lepsze wykorzystanie właściwości smarnych nowej powłoki.

4

Analysis of the Microstructure And Mechanical Properties of Duplex Steel Joints

Witkowska Małgorzata, Kowalska Joanna, Chronowska-Przywara Kinga

Tribologia

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2024

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nr 1

147--158

EN

The article presents a study, the aim of which was to analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints of austenitic-ferritic duplex steel X2CrMnNiN21-5-1. This steel is characterized by good resistance to various types of corrosion, good strength properties and good weldability. Due to all these advantages, it is used in many industry sectors, and the main joining techniques are welding technologies. In this study, two joining techniques were used, SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) and GTA (Gas Tungsten Arc). The obtained welded joints were subjected to: macroscopic and microscopic metallographic tests, mechanical tests (static bending test and microhardness measurements), diffraction tests, and wear resistance tests. The results showed that the microhardness of the welds is similar and does not depend on the welding method used. In the microstructure of the analyzed joints there are two phases: austenite (γ) and ferrite (δ), with different morphologies depending on the welding conditions, which affect the phase transformations. Material wear within the weld is greater than in the base material.

PL

Celem badań była analiza mikrostruktury i własności mechanicznych złączy spawanych stali austenityczno-ferrytycznej typu duplex X2CrMnNiN21-5-1. Stal ta charakteryzuje się dobrą odpornością na różnego rodzaju korozje, dobrymi własnościami wytrzymałościowymi i dobrą spawalnością. Dzięki tym wszystkim zaletom znajduje zastosowanie w wielu gałęziach przemysłu, a głównymi technikami jej łączenia są technologie spawalnicze. W pracy zastosowano dwie techniki łączenia metodą SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) i GTA (Gas Tungsten Arc). Uzyskane złącza spawane poddano: badaniom metalograficznym makro- i mikroskopowym, badaniom mechanicznym (statyczna próba zginania i pomiary mikrotwardości), badaniom dyfrakcyjnym oraz badaniom odporności na zużycie. Wyniki badań pokazały, że mikrotwardości spoin są zbliżone i nie zależą od zastosowanej metody spawania. W mikrostrukturze analizowanych złącz występują dwie fazy austenit (γ) i ferryt (δ) o zróżnicowanej morfologii zależnej od warunków spawania, które wpływają na przemiany fazowe. Zużycie materiału w obrębie spoiny jest większe aniżeli w materiale rodzimym.

5

Evaluation of the influence of the laser alloying with Cr, B and Ni of grey iron parts on their wear resistance

Paczkowska Marta

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2024

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Vol. 27

127--141

EN

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the laser alloying with Cr, Cr+B+Ni and B+Ni on the wear resistance of grey iron. Agricultural component (coulter flap) exposed on friction wear (as well as corrosion) in the soil has been take into account as a tested machine part. Even 85% decrease of mass loss of the coulter flap with laser alloyed layer (with nickel and boron) after wear test in comparison to mass loss of flap without laser treatment was achieved. In case of alloying with chromium it was 44% and in case of nickel, boron and chromium this decrease was 58%. Laser alloying in each performed variant caused formation of the modified surface layer consisting of fine grains of mainly martensite enriched with alloy elements, increase of hardness of the surface layer and reduction of roughness parameters of the treated surface in comparison to the base surface.

6

Wpływ urządzeń drukujących i czasu postpolimeryzacji na właściwości mechaniczne i tribologiczne materiałów światłoutwardzalnych stosowanych w technologii druku 3D DLP

Snarski-Adamski Andrzej, Pieniak Daniel, Krzysiak Zbigniew, Michalczewski Remigiusz, Firlej Marcel

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 2

301--306

PL

Technika wytwarzania przyrostowego AM (additive manufacturing) 3D DLP (digital light processing) zapewnia akceptowalne właściwości mechaniczne materiału, dobre odwzorowanie wymiarów geometrycznych i małą chropowatość powierzchni. Przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości mechanicznych i tribologicznych wybranego popularnego światłoutwardzalnego tworzywa polimerowego Phrozen Resin Flex. Wydrukowano i opracowano do badań próbki o kształcie krążków i prostopadłościanów za pomocą drukarek 3D Phrozen Shuffle Lite (PSL) i Phrozen Sonic Mini (PSM). Przy takich samych parametrach wydruku warstwowego wykazano wpływ urządzenia drukującego i czasu dodatkowej fotopolimeryzacji na twardość, moduł sprężystości i odporność na zużycie badanego materiału.

EN

Com. light-cured acrylic polymer resin Phrozen Resin Flex was used to print disc- and cuboid-shaped samples using Phrozen Shuffle Lite and Phrozen Sonic Mini 3D printers. The obtained samples were tested for indentation hardness, surface elasticity modulus, surface stiffness and indentation creep, as well as roughness, friction and wear resistance under dry sliding friction conditions. With the same layered printing parameters, the effect of the printing device and addnl. photopolymerization time on the mech. and tribol. properties of the tested material was demonstrated.

7

Durability and wear resistance of sliding electric contacts in electric transport

Drahobetskyi Volodymyr, Moloshtan Dmytro, Symonova Anastasiia, Nikitina Alyona, Zagirnyak Mykhaylo

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 1

275--278

EN

This paper researches the durability and wear resistance of sliding electric contacts in urban electric transport. It proposes the use of additional impulse loading in powder metallurgy techniques to reduce wear and enhance fatigue force. The analysis highlights the importance of sustainable solutions in addressing the challenges of urban passenger transportation. Promising directions for further research include the improvement of manufacturing technology and the use of amorphous alloys.

PL

W artykule zbadano trwałość i odporność na zużycie ślizgowych styków elektrycznych w miejskim transporcie elektrycznym. Proponuje się zastosowanie dodatkowego obciążenia impulsowego w technikach metalurgii proszków w celu zmniejszenia zużycia i zwiększenia siły zmęczeniowej. Analiza podkreśla znaczenie zrównoważonych rozwiązań w stawianiu czoła wyzwaniom miejskiego transportu pasażerskiego. Obiecujące kierunki dalszych badań obejmują doskonalenie technologii wytwarzania i zastosowanie stopów amorficznych.

8

Effect of lead and molybdenum disulfide additives on wear resistance and physical properties of copper–graphite composite

Hosseini Maryam, Mashtizadeh Amir Reza, Tabrizi Arvin Taghizadeh, Aghajani Hossein

Materials Science Poland

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2024

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Vol. 42, No. 4

148--161

EN

This study investigated the impact of adding lead (Pb) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to copper–graphite (Cu–Gr) composites used in electric motors. The composites were produced by mechanical alloying (MA). The mixture was then poured and compressed with varying amounts of Pb and MoS2. Differential thermal analysis was used to determine the sintering temperature of the samples. Further tests were conducted to assess the samples’ wear resistance, density, hardness, and porosity. The effects of the additives of these factors were examined, and the output current of the samples was measured. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to analyze the morphology of the Gr plates coated with Cu, Pb, and MoS2. The results indicated that adding Pb and MoS2 increased the density of the sintered samples and their Vickers hardness. Meanwhile, porosity decreased with increased concentrations of Pb and MoS2. Additionally, MoS2 was found to improve wear resistance via a pin-on-disk test.

9

Wear resistance of hard anodic coatings fabricated on 5005 and 6061 aluminum alloys

Kwolek Przemysław, Obłój Andrzej, Kościelniak Barbara, Buszta Regina, Tokarski Tomasz, Krupa Krzysztof, Gradzik Andrzej, Nowak Wojciech J., Wojnicki Marek, Motyka Maciej

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, no. 2

art. no. e51, 2024

EN

The wear resistance of hard anodic coatings fabricated on 5005 and 6061 aluminum alloys was determined. The Taber abrasion test, ball-on-disc tribological test, and scratch test at constant load were conducted. The wear resistance of the hard coating fabricated on the 6061 alloy was found to be higher compared to the coating on the 5005 alloy. This is related to the lower nanoscale porosity of the former, and the higher hardness of the 6061 alloy compared to 5005. The specific wear rates for the load of 4.905 N were equal to 1.70 × 10−5 and 1.02 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1 for the coatings on 5005 alloy and 6061 alloy, respectively. In the case of the hard anodized 5005 alloy, the specific wear rate increased with increasing load to 4.56 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1 whereas for anodized 6061 alloy to 1.98 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1. It was also found that the protective properties of the coating on 6061 alloy do not change significantly across the coating thickness.

10

The effect of dispersing agents on the electrophoretic deposition, morphology and adhesion strength of multicomponent TiN/PTFE/PEEK coatings

Fiołek Aleksandra, Zimowski Sławomir, Moskalewicz Tomasz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, no. 2

art. no. e48, 2024

EN

In this work, multicomponent PEEK coatings with PTFE particles and TiN nanoparticles were developed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and post-EPD heat treatment. Three different polyelectrolytes involving chitosan, PAZO and sodium alginate were used to enable the co-deposition of all particles on one electrode. All polyelectrolytes were effective and enabled coating deposition through electrosteric stabilization of suspension. The EPD mechanism consisted of the adsorption of the dispersant on the surface of the particles and the imparting of a positive (chitosan) or negative (PAZO, sodium alginate) charge. Heat treatment densified the coatings but also caused microcrack formation in the coating with chitosan, shrinkage of the polymers in the coating with PAZO, and open porosity in the coating with sodium alginate. Coatings obtained from suspension with chitosan showed excellent adhesion strength and scratch resistance, higher that those deposited from suspensions containing PAZO or alginate. The introduction of TiN and PTFE particles into the PEEK matrix resulted in a simultaneous reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate of the titanium alloy in the case of coatings with chitosan and alginate. These coatings are promising for improving the wear and friction properties of titanium alloys.

11

The Use of Cluster Analysis to Assess the Wear Resistance of Cermet Coatings Sprayed by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel on Magnesium Alloy Substrate

Jonda Ewa, Fydrych Dariusz, Łatka Leszek, Myalska-Głowacka Hanna

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 4

216--227

EN

Cermet coatings are one of the best surface protection of machine elements against wear. On the other hand, the most universal and economically justified method of applying such coatings is high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. This method makes it possible to produce coatings characterized by compact structure, low porosity and very good adhesion to the substrate. All these fundamental properties contribute to the high wear resistance of these coatings. However, carrying out full wear tests (e.g. ball-on-disc) is time-consuming, especially when it is necessary to select the proper feedstock material and carefully selected process parameters. The aim of the following researches was to statistically investigate the possibility of replacing long-term wear resistance tests with estimation of this performance on the basis of determining the fundamental mechanical properties of the coatings. Three types of coating materials were selected: WC-12Co, WC-10Co-4Cr and WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni, which were deposited on AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates from three different spray distances: 320, 360 and 400 mm. On the basis of the tests carried out and using cluster analysis techniques (the Ward and k-means methods), the relative similarity between the obtained coatings was determined. The applied methodology allowed to select from the analyzed cermet coatings such samples that were characterized by improved resistance to abrasive wear. The obtained results of the analyzes were also referred to the results of tests of resistance to abrasive wear.

12

Analysis of wear resistance of metallic-reinforced polyurethane resin composites for sheet metal forming

Wiewióra Marcel, Żaba Krzysztof, Kuczek Łukasz, Balcerzak Maciej, Marcin Madej

Advances in Materials Science

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2024

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Vol. 24, nr 3(81)

18--29

EN

The paper presents the results of testing the wear resistance and coefficient of friction (COF) tools made of SikaBeresin® F50 polyurethane resin intended for dies and punches for the cold sheet metal forming process. Seven sets of composite tools (rotating rings) additionally reinforced with waste metallic powders from Al and Cu alloys (5-20% by volume) from the dry cutting process of pipes and rods were tested. Wear resistance tests and determination coefficient of friction were carried out using the T-05 block-on-ring tribotester. The tests were performed for heat and corrosion resistant sheets made of nickel alloy AMS5599 (Inconel 625), iron alloy AMS5510 (321) and aluminum alloy sheets AMS4026 (6061-T4). Composite tools with the addition of 20% aluminum powder (A+B+C+20%Al) tested with a specimen of steel alloy AMS5510 and nickel alloy AMS5599 were characterized by the lowest wear resistance. In each case, the composite rotating ring without reinforcements was characterized by the lowest coefficient of friction. The use of Cu powder reinforcements in each case had a positive effect on increasing wear resistance. The best wear resistance of 0.011% was obtained for composite rotating ring with the addition of 10% copper powder paired with specimen of nickel alloy AMS5599 sheet.

13

The influence of carbide reinforcement on the properties of sintered aluminium alloy matrix composites

Szewczyk-Nykiel Aneta

Technical Transactions

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2023

|

Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023005

EN

Based on the commercial aluminium alloy powder blend (Alumix 431D) metal matrix composites reinforced with particles of SiC as well as TiC were produced by conventional powder metallurgy technology and the effect of the type and amounts of reinforced particles on the selected properties and microstructure of sintered composites were investigated. In particular, the densification behaviour, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution were identified. It was stated that both the type and the weight fraction of carbide used as particulate reinforcement have a great impact on the properties of aluminium alloy matrix composites. It was shown that the introduction of titanium carbide has a more favourable effect on the properties of sintered Alumix 431D matrix composites in comparison to silicon carbide and the optimum content of TiC in composite is 4 wt. % due to the highest hardness, wear resistance (wear rate of 2.865·10 ̄ ³ mm³/m) and simultaneously the best corrosion resistance (corrosion rate of 0.005 mm/year).

14

Powłoki natryskiwane plazmowo dla potrzeb przemysłu chemicznego

Morel Sławomir

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

|

T. 102, nr 4

355--361

PL

Opisano przeznaczenie i zakres zastosowań powłok natryskiwanych cieplnie. Scharakteryzowano plazmę stosowaną do natryskiwania powłok. Dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki najczęściej stosowanych materiałów powłokowych i wyszczególniono ważniejsze właściwości powłok decydujące o ich przydatności dla potrzeb przemysłu i gospodarki. Przytoczono ważniejsze przykłady eksploatacji urządzeń pracujących z natryskanymi powłokami, zamieszczając osiągnięte efekty oddziaływania powłok na wzrost trwałości i efektywności pracy cieplnej.

EN

A review, with 14 refs, of the range of applications of thermal sprayed coatings using plasma. The plasma used for spraying coatings was characterized. The general characteristics of the most commonly used coating materials were presented, and the most important coating properties detg. their suitability for industrial applications were indicated. Examples of the operation of devices working with sprayed coatings were given, including the effects of coatings on increasing the durability and efficiency of thermal operation.

15

The study of the tribological properties under high contact pressure conditions of TiN, TiC and TiCN coatings deposited by the magnetron sputtering method on the AISI 304 stainless steel substrate

Mamaeva Axaule Alipovna, Kenzhegulov Aidar Karaulovich, Panochkin Aleksander Vladimirovich, Alibekov Zhasulan Zhanuzakovich, Kshibekova Balzhan Bolatovna, Wieleba Wojciech, Leśniewski Tadeusz, Bakhytuly Nauryzbek

Materials Science Poland

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2023

|

Vol. 41, No. 1

1--14

EN

Titanium carbonitride coatings are widely used to improve the wear resistance of surfaces. The results of tribological investigations of TiC, TiN, and TiCN coatings deposited on an AISI 304 steel substrate by the magnetron sputtering method were presented. The research aimed to describe the wear processes of the coatings during friction in an emergency situation, i.e. with a lack of lubrication and concentration of pressure in a small contact area. Tribological tests were performed on a ball-on-disk tribotester in reciprocating motion under technically dry friction conditions. The Hertz pressure in the contact area was ph = 2500-2700 MPa. Additionally, scratch tests and microscopic observations of the surfaces of the samples were performed after tribological tests to describe the wear process of the coatings. The results showed cracking, and coatings detachment from the substrate occur during friction. Deformation wear was observed as bulges in the material at the edge of the friction path. The deformation occurred primarily in the substrate material despite friction occurring on the surface of the coating. The best coating in terms of tribological properties was the TiN coating, which showed the highest resistance to wear in an emergency situation and the friction coefficient in the final stage of the test (above 90 cycles of movement) was only slightly higher than the values recorded for the other coatings. The TiN coating had high hardness, showed good adhesion to the substrate, and was not cracked, protecting it from damage.

16

Effects of B content on wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Co-based alloy coatings

Xia Rong, Zhang Kun, Shu Fengyuan, Zhang Xin, Yan Liying, Li Cheng

Materials Science Poland

|

2023

|

Vol. 41, No. 4

13--23

EN

To improve the surface properties of Ti alloy, (Co34Fe8Cr29Ni8Si7)100–x Bx alloy, coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The coatings—mainly composed of TiCr, Fe0.1Ti0.18V0.72, CoTi, Ti2Ni, and TiB—and amorphous phases were investigated in terms of microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The results showed that the microhardness of the Co-based coatings first increased and then decreased with the increase of B content. When the B content was 6%, the microhardness of the coating increased up to 1210 HV0.2 which was 3.4 times that of TC4 alloy substrate. The coatings exhibited diverse wear mechanisms that gradually transitioned from severe fatigue spalling and oxidative wear to slightly abrasive wear. The corrosion current density of Co-based coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution first increased and then decreased as B contents increased. Coatings with 4% B content, however, exhibited the best corrosion resistance, which was most suitable for improving the corrosion resistance of Ti alloy.

17

Comparative evaluation of wear behavior of tribo-pairs in reciprocating pumps with multiple materials under different conditions

Li Ran, Wei Wenshu, Liu Hao, Wang Dalong, Ye Jian, Li Shoubin, Wang Wei, Wu Huigang

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2023

|

Vol. 61 nr 1

77--87

EN

In the study of wear behavior of tribo-pairs in reciprocating pumps, the tribo-pairs can be considered as contact pairs consisting of a disc and pin. In this paper, pin-on-disc wear tests were carried out by using two types of cast iron pin specimens with different materials. Additionally, the effects of the lubrication condition, test load, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and plateau honing cross-hatch pattern on wear behavior of the tribo-pairs were investigated. Experimental results based on surface topography analysis and scanning elec- tron micrograph (SEM) analysis show that the lubricant and DLC coating have a positive effect on wear resistance of test specimens. Disc specimens of three material types (i.e. ISO 185/JL/250, tin-bronze, zirconia) are able to show good anti-wear behavior. The tribo-pairs composed of spheroidal graphite cast irons as well as implementation of the plateau honing cross hatch on disc specimens have no significant effect on the wear resistance. The Archard model was used to estimate abrasive wear under dry conditions, which was over-predicted compared to the experimental results.

18

The effect on wear resistance of laser alloying with chromium and titanium of grey iron parts

Paczkowska Marta

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 68, nr 2

26--35

EN

The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the influence of laser alloying with chromium and titanium on the surface layer microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of grey iron parts. A coulter flap was chosen as the object of this investigation. To produce the alloyed layer on the area of the flap that is the most exposed to wear, a diode laser was used as the heat source. The investigation demonstrated that laser alloying with chromium and titanium can increase the wear resistance of components working in abrasive conditions. A smaller mass loss after the wear tests in abrasive conditions of soil could be expected. The laser alloyed layer (with a depth of approx. 400 μm) was characterized by a martensite microstructure (mainly), homogenous morphology and fine grains. A fivefold increase in hardness (approximately 1050HV) in comparison to the hardness of the base material and twofold in comparison to the original ledeburitic surface layer of the coulter flap was noted. Some changes after laser alloying in the surface stereometry were observed (a decrease in the roughness parameters is possible). The roughness parameter values after the wear test decreased in the case of the original and alloyed coulter flaps..

19

Analiza wybranych własności mechanicznych i tribologicznych medycznego stopu Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn

Dąbrowski Robert, Sułowski Maciej

Inżynieria Materiałowa

|

2023

|

Vol. 44, nr 5

11--15

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań twardości, odporności na pękanie oraz odporności na zużycie ścierne stopu Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn po obróbce cieplnej, tj. przesycaniu z temp. 850°C i starzeniu w 350, 450 i 600°C. Wykazano, że w stanie przesyconym, gdy w mikrostrukturze jest obecna jedynie faza β, stop charakteryzuje się najmniejszą twardością i największą odpornością na pękanie. Zastosowanie zabiegu starzenia, skutkujące wydzielaniem fazy α z przesyconej fazy β, silnie zmniejsza jego odporność na pękanie. Badany stop wykazuje istotnie różną odporność na zużycie ścierne i różny współczynnik tarcia, zależnie od mikrostruktury i twardości. Minimalną wartość współczynnika tarcia odnotowano po starzeniu w temp. 450°C, w której dochodzi do wydzielania w mikrostrukturze fazy α o dużej dyspersji, tj. przy maksymalnej twardości stopu.

EN

The article presents the results of hardness, fracture toughness and abrasive wear resistance tests of the Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn alloy. These results were obtained after its heat treatment, i.e. solution from 850°C and aging at 350, 450 and 600°C. It has been shown that in the supersaturated state, when only the β phase is present in the microstructure, the alloy is characterized by the lowest hardness and the highest fracture toughness. The application of the aging treatment, resulting in the separation of the α phase from the supersaturated β phase, strongly reduces its fracture toughness. The tested alloy shows significantly different resistance to abrasive wear and a different friction coefficient, depending on the microstructure and hardness. The minimum value of the friction coefficient was noted after aging at 450°C, at which the α phase with high dispersion was precipitated in the microstructure, i.e. at the maximum hardness of the alloy.

20

The effect of NI-TIO2 and NI-TIO2-graphene coatings and heat treatment hardening on solid particles erosion resistance of grade 410 stainless steel

Khalid Wissam, Al-Tameemi Hamza A.

Engineering Transactions

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2023

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Vol. 71, iss. 4

571--593