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1

Assessment of water quality using physicochemical and bacteriological parameters in Oued Mchera (Bouregreg Basin, Morocco)

Habchaoui Jamaa, Chaachouay Noureddine, Najy Mohamed, Rezouki Sanae, Elassassi Zahra, Bourkhiss Brahim

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 64

1--11

EN

This study examines changes in physicochemical and bacteriological parameters in Oued Mchera water from the Bouregreg Basin to determine their pollution level and the factors responsible for it. Our investigation, conducted in 2021, focused on five specific stations within Oued Mchera. Nine physicochemical parameters were assessed on a spatiotemporal basis to calculate the water quality index (WQI). Furthermore, the levels of faecal coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli, and total coliforms (TC) were evaluated at these specific stations. The findings indicate that the pH average values vary between 7.59 and 8.78, the electrical conductivity average values range from 923 to 8300 μS∙cm-1, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels range from 3.13 to 3.06 mg∙dm-3. It should be noted that the high levels of conductivity, sodium, and temperature have a detrimental impact on the growth of bacteria. Furthermore, elevated salinity hinders the proliferation of FC, E. coli, and TC. The presence of E. coli is inversely related to the levels of DO and NO3-. This research’s WQI demonstrated notable temporal differentiation, clearly indicating differences in various seasons and stations both upstream and downstream. In addition, the WQI indicates that the water from all stations is not suitable for drinking throughout the dry and wet periods. The findings underscore the immediate need for coordinated efforts to mitigate the detrimental impacts of pollution on the water quality of Oued Mchera. Urgent implementation of stringent regulatory actions will be needed to curb the release of home and agricultural wastewater into the study area.

2

Magnetic and optical properties of airborne dust particles nearby coal-fifired power plants in Upper Silesia, Poland: a mineralogical petrographical and chemical approach

Chrysakopoulou Chrysoula, Perleros Konstantinos, Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi Małgorzata, Papadopoulou Lambrini, Kantiranis Nikolaos, Kalaitzidis Stavros

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2025

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

320--332

EN

Coal mining and exploitation pose certain challenges in terms of environmental management. The objective of this research is the study of airborne dust from Knurow region, Southern Poland, aiming identify the level and the features of anthropogenic particles, mostly in the form of fly ash. Two samples collected from a domestic gutter system were analysed regarding their mineralogical, chemical and petrographical features, emphasizing the magnetic fraction and the carbonized organic particles. The airborne dust contains 22 wt.% of fossil and fresh organic matter, whereas the major mineralogical phase is magnetite. The magnetic fraction (up to 3 wt.%) appears in the form of spheres of simple or complex surface structure, while their average size is 12.7 and 15.8 μm in the studied samples. Lithogenic magnetite is totally absent. The magnetic spheres consist mainly of Fe, whereas Al, Si, Mg and Mn participate in minor amounts. Unburnt coal particles, along with chars, sooty and coke particles, were identified, accounting for 80 vol.% on a mineral matter-free basis, with fresh residues of immature organic matter accounting for the remaining 20 vol.%. Anthropogenic activities in the study area point out a significant environmental footprint to the urban site of the Knurow region.

3

Plastic granules and their polluting effect on plant growth

Al-Rashedy Hussein Saber Mohammed Ali, Al-Shanoona Reem A.A., Mame Suzan Othman Omar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 2

319--326

EN

The cultivation of bean plants was carried out in greenhouse conditions using plastic trays with a capacity of 5 kilograms per tray. The results revealed a decrease in growth and some physiological traits of bean plants when the soil was treated with plastic particles at concentrations of 10, 15, 20, and 25 grams per kilogram. A noteworthy drop in the fresh weight of both parts above the soil and root parts was observed when treating the soil with plastic particles at a concentration of 25 grams per kilogram, measuring 2.59 grams and 3.2 grams, respectively. It was also observed that treating the soil with plastic particles at a concentration of 25 grams per kilogram caused a significant decrease in the concentrations of total chlorophyll, carotene, and Relative Water Content, reaching 0.788 milligrams per gram fresh weight, 0.268 milligrams per gram fresh weight, and 41.85%, respectively, collation to the domination treatment. Additionally, treating the soil with plastic particles resulted in an increase in proline concentration in the leaf tissues of bean plants. The highest increase was observed when treating the soil with plastic particles at a concentration of 25 grams per kilogram, with a magnitude of 0.703 milligrams per gram of fresh weight compared to the control treatment.

4

Assessment of the levels of heavy metal pollution in roadside soils of Termiz – Taskent, Uzbekistan

Kholikulov Shodi Turdukulovich, Erdem Halil, Bobobekov Isomiddin Nuriddinovich, Demir Saniye, Gence Cabir Çağrı

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 3

283--295

EN

This study investigates the contamination of roadside soils by heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mo) along the Tashkent-Termiz International M-39 highway, utilizing indices such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLI). Soil samples collected at 21 distances (5–1000 m) indicate that metal concentrations decrease with distance from the road, with rapid reductions observed within the 5–100 m range. Pb levels decline from 24 mg kg-1 at 5 m to 1.4 mg kg-1 at 1000 m, while Zn reduces from 26.3 mg kg-1 to 2.1 mg kg-1. Ni and Mo follow similar trends, but Mo exhibits lower mobility. Pb, Zn, and Ni stand out as indicators of anthropogenic pollution, with high correlation values between their DTPA-extractable and total concentrations (R2: Pb = 0.953, Zn = 0.930, Ni = 0.932). The Igeo values reveal moderate to high contamination near the road, particularly for Pb and Zn. The EF values for Mo (2.06) suggest moderate enrichment due to anthropogenic sources, such as traffic emissions, while Pb (0.76), Zn (0.89), and Ni (0.93) show minimal enrichment. PLI values of 4.24, 4.03, 3.63, and 4.87 for Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mo, respectively, classify the area as “highly polluted” for most metals. These findings highlight the significant anthropogenic contribution to heavy metal accumulation, driven by vehicular emissions, tire wear, and industrial activities. The contamination poses risks to soil health, biodiversity, and human safety through bioaccumulation in the food chain. Sustainable environmental management and pollution mitigation strategies are urgently required to address these concerns and safeguard agricultural productivity and ecosystem functions.

5

Wybrane zagadnienia związane z projektowaniem separatorów substancji ropopochodnych

Sambor Aleksandra, Ferenc Zbigniew, Kolanek Agnieszka

Instal

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2025

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nr 1

36--41

PL

Zanieczyszczenie środowiska wodno-glebowego substancjami ropopochodnymi wynika z powszechnego zastosowania ropy naftowej i jej pochodnych, jako podstawowego surowca do produkcji energii, w przemyśle chemicznym, w zakładach przemysłowych oraz w środkach transportu. Separatory ropopochodnych to urządzenia służące do oddzielania substancji ropopochodnych (takich jak: oleje, paliwa, smary, itp.) od wód opadowych lub ścieków przemysłowych. Ich projektowanie jest kluczowe dla ochrony środowiska, gdyż pozwalają one na skuteczne usuwanie szkodliwych substancji z wód, które mogą przedostać się do środowiska, powodując zanieczyszczenie wód gruntowych oraz powierzchniowych. W analizowanej literaturze nie stwierdzono informacji dotyczącej spójnej, obliczeniowej metody projektowania separatorów. W normie PN-EN 858-1 podano jedynie założenia do doboru tych urządzeń. Projektowanie separatorów związków ropopochodnych wymaga analizy wielu czynników, w tym uwzględnienia właściwych norm i przepisów prawnych, aby zapewnić skuteczność i zgodność z wymaganiami ochrony środowiska. W pracy przedstawiono nową ścieżkę postępowania podczas projektowania separatorów ropopochodnych, która mogłaby stanowić rozszerzenie normy PN-EN 858-1 o wzory stosowane w obliczeniach hydraulicznych tych urządzeń i pozwolić na optymalizację wymiarów separatorów w zależności od wielkości dostępnego terenu do ich montażu, przy zachowaniu wymaganej skuteczności separacji.

EN

Pollution of water and soil environment with oil substances results from the common use of oil and its derivatives, as a basic raw material for energy production, in the chemical industry, in industrial plants and in transportation vehicles. Oil-water separators are devices used to separate petroleum substances (such as oils, fuels, lubricants, etc.) from rainwater or industrial wastewater. Their design is crucial for environmental protection, as they allow the effective removal of hazardous substances from water that can enter the environment, causing groundwater and surface water pollution. No information on a consistent, computational method for designing separators was found in the literature reviewed. PN-EN 858-1 only provides assumptions for the selection of these devices. The design of oil-water separators requires the analysis of many factors, including consideration of relevant standards and legislation to ensure efficiency and compliance with environmental requirements. This paper presents a new path forward in the design of oil-water separators, which could be an extension of PN-EN 858-1 to include the formulas used in the hydraulic calculations of these devices, and allow the sizing of separators to be optimized according to the size of the available land for their installation, while maintaining the required separation efficiency.

6

Assessing solid waste mismanagement in Tripoli, Lebanon, using GIS: a spatial analysis with the SWEPT model

Akkari Douha

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2025

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Vol. 5, no. 1

139--166

EN

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of solid waste management in Tripoli, Lebanon, using the SWEPT model a suitability model incorporating multiple criteria to assess potential sites for recycling and waste management initiatives. The SWEPT model considers socio-economic factors, waste characteristics, environmental pollution, and topographical conditions, assigning each location a suitability score that ranges from unsuitable to very high suitability. The model allows for a comprehensive evaluation of potential sites for recycling and waste management infrastructure in Tripoli, taking into account the complex urban and socio-economic conditions that affect the city's waste management system. The model's validation is achieved through a matrix analysis, which compares the suitability of the selected sites for recycling with existing waste collection points. This approach ensures that the chosen sites are both strategically located and viable for implementation. By integrating GIS technology and spatial analysis, the study provides a clear visualization of the relationships between various urban planning challenges and waste management issues in Tripoli. Through these analyses, the paper offers evidence¬based recommendations for improving waste management practices, enhancing the city's infrastructure, and addressing broader environmental concerns.

7

The reconstruction of river system pollution changes with metals in shallow floodplain water reservoirs during the onset of the post-industrialisation period

Ciszewski Dariusz, Szarek-Gwiazda Ewa, Pociecha Agnieszka

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2025

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Vol. 51, no. 2

205--218

EN

Towards the end of the 20th century, Poland’s economy experienced a transformation in terms of its industry and increasingly stringent environmental requirements. Together, these resulted in the general improvement of the quality of the aquatic environment. The Chechło River catchment is an example of such changes, where the closure of many industrial plants (including a zinc-lead [Zn-Pb] mine), the reclamation of several hot spots and the extension of sewage treatment contributed to a general decline in sediment pollution with Zn, Pb and Cd. The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the rate of these changes in order to assess the river recovery rate to the pre-industrial pollution level. The research involved the comparison of sediment pollution in subsidence reservoirs from two different eras: the peak of pollution and the post-industrial era. We observed a decrease in sediment pollution, mostly influenced by the closure of the Zn-Pb mine in 2010, despite many sources being closed or mitigated at that time. The change in sediment pollution was very well observed in the younger reservoir of the post-industrialisation period which is an efficient trap for sediments transported since ca. 2007. Considering that the sampling took place less than 10 years after the closure of the mine, we could regard the 3–4-fold drop as a rapid change. In older reservoirs, which were active already during the period of peak river pollution but connected with the river only by narrow ditches, changes in sediment pollution were minor. Pollution changes expected in the future will be much slower because the supply of pollutants from diffuse sources has dispersed in the prevailing part of the catchment.

8

The effects of adopting the anti-smog resolution on air quality – the case study from Krakow

Herman Sergiusz, Będowska-Sójka Barbara, Paccagnini Alessia

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 2

art. no. 931

EN

We evaluate the impact of Krakow’s Anti-Smog Resolution, which was passed on January 15, 2016, and prohibits the use of coal and wood within the city. We use random forest, interrupted time series, and Bayesian structural time series models to assess air quality gains in terms of PM10, PM2.5, and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations, predicting pollution levels if the legislation had not been implemented. The results show significant reductions in pollutant concentrations: PM10 fell by 23% to 39%, PM2.5 by 23% to 36% and benzo(a)pyrene in PM10 by 39% to 41%, with the highest declines occurring during the heating season. These findings indicate the efficacy of Krakow's legislative strategy, offering evidence-based benchmarks for policymakers and public health officials in other cities considering similar residential heating restrictions to achieve measurable air quality improvements.

PL

Oceniamy wpływ krakowskiej uchwały antysmogowej, która została przyjęta 15 stycznia 2016 r. i zakazuje używania węgla i drewna na terenie miasta. Wykorzystujemy metodę lasu losowego, przerywanych szeregów czasowych i Bayesowskich strukturalnych szeregów czasowych do oceny poprawy jakości powietrza pod względem stężeń PM10, PM2,5 i benzo(a)pirenu, przewidując poziomy zanieczyszczeń w sytuacji, gdyby przepisy nie zostały wdrożone. Wyniki wskazują na znaczne obniżenie stężeń zanieczyszczeń: PM10 spadło od 23% do 39%, PM2,5 od 23% do 36%, a benzo(a)piren w PM10 od 39% do 41%, przy czym największe spadki miały miejsce w sezonie grzewczym. Wyniki te wskazują na skuteczność strategii legislacyjnej Krakowa, dostarczając opartych na dowodach punktów odniesienia dla decydentów politycznych i przedstawicieli służby zdrowia publicznego w innych miastach rozważających wprowadzenie podobnych ograniczeń dotyczących ogrzewania mieszkań w celu osiągnięcia wymiernej poprawy jakości powietrza.

9

Water quality of the Shatt Al-Arab River evaluation using the Nemerow pollution index method

Hamzah Zuhal Abdul Hadi

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 5

14--20

EN

Water pollution and dwindling water supplies severely strain the environment. Rapid urbanization, more intensive agricultural practices, and the uncontrolled release of geothermal water all contribute to this problem with water quality. The natural composition of waters is most likely to be altered by human activity. The amount of freshwater in the river has decreased as a result of extensive mining for chlorine in the Shatt Al-Arab River. Determining the surface water quality standards in the river basin was the primary goal of this study, given the rising urban water demand and the associated environmental and health risks linked to pollution. The method of the Nemerow pollution index was used to assess the water quality. The all-encompassing pollution index is used by the Nemerow pollution index method to determine the water quality category, which highlights the most polluting factor while also accounting for the assessment system's other components' contributions. The study's findings show that, over the course of the study, the monitoring indicators of the monitoring stations have attained the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" Category V water quality standard and above. Because the NPI method incorporates the effects of various impacting factors, the water quality was categorized into a grade of more reasonable.

10

Assessing the legality and impact of anti-smog drones in Poland’s air quality management

Sieradzka Małgorzata, Balcerzak Tomasz, Kostur Katarzyna, Rajchel Jan

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 89 (tom 2)

7--25

EN

This study addresses the critical issue of winter air pollution, characterized by smoke that causes respiratory irritation and health issues like shortness of breath, dizziness and eye irritation. The primary focus is on the inefficacy of traditional, human-conducted inspections in identifying sources of smog and air pollution. These methods are limited by the inability to measure emissions accurately without specialized equipment and the restricted range of inspection due to groundlevel perspectives. The paper proposes the integration of drones equipped with advanced sensor technologies as a solution for comprehensive and efficient air quality monitoring (Sokhi, 2022). These drones can accurately assess emissions from sources like chimneys in real time and at a larger scale. The implementation of such technology not only enhances the effectiveness of anti-smog measures but also serves as a deterrent, increasing public awareness about constant environmental monitoring. The study advocates for the adoption of these unmanned aerial vehicles as a suport tool for local governments in the fight against air pollution, suggesting a transformative approach to environmental regulation and control.

11

Estimation of the flashover voltage of insulator using fuzzy logic (FL)

Becha Habiba, Benguesmia Hani, Bakri Badis, Berrabah Fouad, M’ziou Nassima

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 7

101--107

EN

The aim of this work is to estimate the flashover voltage of a high-voltage insulator that has been deliberately polluted using fuzzy logic (FL). Initially, experimental experiments on a high-voltage insulator were used to collect a data set that was then used to implement the idea of artificial intelligence. These studies were conducted using varying degrees of fake pollution, namely saline distilled water. Each pollution level indicated the quantity of artificial pollution, measured in millilitres, in each section of the insulator. The collecting database provides flashover voltage measurements associated with varying levels of artificial pollution in each insulator zone and its conductivity. Furthermore, we have used fuzzy logic (FL) to forecast the flashover voltage of the high-voltage insulator and assess the insulating condition of simulated pollution. The suggested prediction model, which is based on Federated Learning (FL), is implemented using MATLAB's graphical user interface. Ultimately, a comparison was conducted between the outcomes achieved by FL and real-world ones. The database used in this comparison differs from that used in concepts based on programming language implementation taken from previous literature. The findings demonstrate the superior effectiveness of the FL approach in predicting the flashover voltage of high-voltage insulators when compared to data acquired from practical testing.

PL

Celem pracy jest oszacowanie napięcia przeskoku izolatora wysokiego napięcia, który został celowo zanieczyszczony przy użyciu logiki rozmytej (FL). Początkowo eksperymenty eksperymentalne na izolatorze wysokiego napięcia służyły zebraniu zbioru danych, który następnie wykorzystano do wdrożenia idei sztucznej inteligencji. Badania te przeprowadzono przy użyciu różnego stopnia fałszywych zanieczyszczeń, a mianowicie destylowanej wody solankowej. Każdy poziom zanieczyszczenia wskazywał ilość sztucznych zanieczyszczeń, mierzoną w mililitrach, w każdej sekcji izolatora. Zbierana baza danych zapewnia pomiary napięcia przeskoku związane z różnymi poziomami sztucznych zanieczyszczeń w każdej strefie izolatora i jego przewodnością. Ponadto wykorzystaliśmy logikę rozmytą (FL) do prognozowania napięcia przeskoku izolatora wysokiego napięcia i oceny stanu izolacji symulowanego zanieczyszczenia. Sugerowany model predykcyjny, oparty na Federated Learning (FL), jest implementowany przy użyciu graficznego interfejsu użytkownika MATLAB-a. Ostatecznie przeprowadzono porównanie wyników uzyskanych na platformie FL z wynikami uzyskanymi w świecie rzeczywistym. Baza danych wykorzystana w tym porównaniu różni się od bazy danych stosowanej w koncepcjach opartych na implementacji języka programowania zaczerpniętych z wcześniejszej literatury. Odkrycia wskazują na wyższą skuteczność metody FL w przewidywaniu napięcia przeskoku izolatorów wysokiego napięcia w porównaniu z danymi uzyskanymi z testów praktycznych.

12

Short-term effects of olive mill wastewater (OMW) spreading on faba bean and lentil growth and soil quality

Hamli Sofia, Addad Dalila, Mekersi Nawal, Kadi Kenza, Kadi Zahia, Dib Dounia, Dali Habiba, Labbani Fatima-Zohra Kenza, Boukeria Sabah, Agoune Elhoucine, Lahouel Abdelhadi

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1-2

1--13

EN

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a by-product of olive oil production that, in its pure state, pollutes and harms the environment. We aim to minimize its polluting effect and investigate the impact of its direct application at diluted doses on soil quality and legume growth. In a pot experiment, the OMW doses of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75% were applied and the growth of lentil and faba bean seedlings was studied. Fresh sampling of OMW was conducted in a modern cold extraction oil mill located in north eastern Algeria. Physicochemical properties of OMW and soil as well as plant physiological parameters are studied. The OMW used is a highly acidic effluent and rich in organic matter (56.29 ± 1.05 g/L) and mineral content (10.33 ± 0.2 g/L). The dose of 75% has significantly improved the properties of the soil by increasing its organic matter and electrical conductivity, and has also increased the leaf area of the plants. On the other hand the dose of 12.5% has improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and total chlorophyll content. The research has shown that it is possible to use the OMW at diluted doses to improve soil quality in degraded land and food legume growth. Faba bean grew well in all soils treated by diluted OMW; it can be considered a tolerant plant to its pollutant effect, while lentil is sensitive and its growth is reduced by the increasing OMW dose. OMW is suitable for the vegetative development of food legumes, and it will be beneficial as a bio-fertilizer load of inorganic fertilizer used to enhance soil quality and its diluted form lessen its polluting impact on the environment and it is probably mostly important in semi-arid areas poor in organic matter.

13

Zrównoważony transport żywności elementem ograniczenia zużycia zasobów

Topczewska Jadwiga, Pięta Eryka, Bizior Aneta

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

215--222

PL

Celem pracy było oszacowanie możliwości wprowadzenia alternatywnych rodzajów napędu w samochodach ciężarowych oraz ograniczenie transportu żywności celem zmniejszenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Zrównoważenie transportu można osiągnąć poprzez przejście na bardziej wydajne środki transportu i/lub pojazdy o niższej emisji, zwłaszcza o napędzie elektrycznym lub wodorowym. Kluczowym w tym przypadku jest rozwój dedykowanej infrastruktury ładowania oraz uruchomienie programów wsparcia dla zakupu takiej floty. Konieczne jest również przekształcenie systemów żywnościowych w taki sposób, aby konsumenci w większym zakresie korzystali z żywności produkowanej lokalnie i sezonowo. Optymalizacja dystrybucji, w tym krótkich łańcuchów dostaw może również przyczynić się do realizacji zrównoważonego transportu. Wymienione działania sprzyjają retardacji antropopresji w środowisku przyrodniczym.

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of introducing alternative types of propulsion into trucks and reducing food transport to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable transport can be achieved by improving energy efficiency, switching to lower- emission vehicles, and / or more efficient modes of transport, especially by introducing electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles. Food systems also need to be transformed so that consumers make more use of locally and seasonally produced food. Optimising distribution, including short supply chains, can also contribute to the realisation of sustainable transport. These measures promote the retardation of anthropopressure in the natural environment.

14

Optymalizacja i walidacja metody oznaczania polichlorowanych bifenyli w glebie

Hućko Agnieszka, Szpyrka Ewa

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2024

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T. 28, nr 1

93--98

PL

Polichlorowane bifenyle (PCB) są to syntetyczne związki aromatyczne produkowane w dużych ilościach na całym świecie od lat trzydziestych XX wieku. Ich synteza została zabroniona w latach 70 XX wieku. Związki te miały szerokie zastosowanie między innymi jako płyny dielektryczne w kondensatorach i transformatorach, smary czy plastyfikatory. Ze względu na właściwości tych związków, takie jak odporność na degradację chemiczną i długi okres półtrwania (od 3 do 40 lat), stanowią one trwałe zanieczyszczenia środowiska. Najwyższe ich ilości znajdują się w glebie, jednak można je oznaczyć również w powietrzu, osadach, wodzie, roślinach, a nawet organizmach żywych. Celem pracy była optymalizacja i walidacja metody oznaczania kongenerów PCB 10, 28, 138, 153 i 180 w glebie. W procesie optymalizacji metody, testowano trzy odczynniki do ekstrakcji oraz dwa rodzaje sorbentów do oczyszczania. Walidację przeprowadzono na dwóch poziomach wzbogacenia w celu określenia odzysku i precyzji metody. Zoptymalizowaną i zwalidowaną metodę zastosowano do analizy zawartości wybranych kongenerów PCB w próbkach rzeczywistych pobranych z terenu Podkarpacia. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że najlepszym odczynnikiem do ekstrakcji PCB z gleby jest heksan, zaś sorbentem do oczyszczania Florisil. Stężenie PCB 10, 28, 52, 138 i 153 w analizowanych próbkach rzeczywistych było poniżej granicy oznaczalności (LOQ<0,005 mg/kg). PCB 180 oznaczono na poziomie 0,007 mg/kg w glebie pobranej z terenu obok linii kolejowych w Głuchowie.

EN

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic aromatic compounds produced in large quantities around the world since the 1930s, the synthesis of which was banned in the 1970s. These compounds were widely used, among others, as dielectric fluids in capacitors and transformers, grease and plasticizers. Due to the properties of these compounds, such as resistance to chemical degradation and long half-life (from 3 to 40 years), they constitute persistent environmental pollutants. The highest amounts are found in the soil, but they can also be determined in the air, sediments, water, plants and even living organisms. The aim of the work was to optimize and validate the method for determining PCB congeners 10, 28, 138, 153 and 180 in soil. As part of the method optimization, three extraction reagents and two types of purification sorbents were tested. Validation was performed at two fortification levels to determine the recovery and precision of the method. The optimized and validated method was used to analyze the content of selected PCB congeners in real samples collected from the Podkarpacie region. Based on the conducted research, it was shown that the best reagent for the extraction of PCBs from soil is hexane, and the best sorbent for purification is Florisil. The concentration of PCB 10, 28, 52, 138 and 153 in the analyzed real samples was below the limit of quantification (LOQ<0.005 mg/kg). PCB 180 was determined at a level of 0.007 mg/kg in soil taken from the area next to the railway lines in Głuchów.

15

Wstępna analiza wymywalności związków organicznych do wód powierzchniowych z odpadowego destruktu asfaltowego

Gasik-Kowalska Natalia, Grabowski Paweł, Gryszpanowicz Piotr

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 6

36--41

PL

Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z 2021 r. pozwala na zdjęcie statusu odpadu z destruktu asfaltowego. Materiał taki musi jednak spełniać wytyczne dotyczące m.in. zawartości zanieczyszczeń organicznych, w szczególności wielkocząsteczkowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA). Zastosowanie materiału bez odpowiedniej analizy może wiązać się z wieloma zagrożeniami w stosunku do istniejących ekosystemów, w tym wodnych. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki analizy wymywalności związków organicznych do ekosystemu wodnego. Przedstawiono wyniki badań próbek destruktów asfaltowych pobranych z 10 ulic w obrębie miasta Płocka. Badania realizowano pod kątem analizy właściwości chemicznych mogących stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla środowiska.

EN

The Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 2021 allows for the removal of the waste status from reclaimed asphalt. However, such a material must meet guidelines regarding, among others, the content of organic pollutants, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Unfortunately, the use of material without analysis may involve a number of threats to existing ecosystems, including aquatic ecosystems. In the arcticle the authors present the results of the analysis of the leachability of organic compounds into the aquatic ecosystem. The results of testing samples of reclaimed asphalt for 10 streets in the city of Płock are presented. The research were carried out to analyze chemical properties that could pose a potential threat to the environment.

16

Analysis of indicators of the electrical power production enterprises’ pollution and harm risk degree in terms of the Paris Agreement

Kozlov Olexiy, Kovalchuk Vyacheslav, Vistiak Serhii, Klymchuk Nataliya

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2024

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nr 4 (32)

508--513

EN

In the current decade, electricity consumption will increase by more than 16%. The main resources for electricity generation are oil – 2.53%; gas – 22.9%; coal – 35.98%; nuclear industry – 9.84%; hydraulic power regeneration – 15.01%; renewable sources – 12.85%; other – 0.89%. This causes global warming of the planet due to greenhouse gases increased emissions into the atmosphere. A resource capable to cover the thermal energy field’s balance is the nuclear energy. To compare the resources’ polluting capacity, it is necessary to introduce a general indicator that takes into account their properties. This study proposes an integrated approach based on the formation of groups of indicators reflecting greenhouse gas emissions; power consumption; economic activity, air quality, etc. For comparison needs, all indicators are normalized in dimensionless form and compiled with reference to their specific weight. Calculations of the pollution index for fossil resources and nuclear energy, carried out using this algorithm proved that the nuclear power, with a careful consideration of all possible polluting radionuclides (11 components), exceeds this indicator for gas by 22%, but is lower than ciphers for coal and oil by 36 and 26%, respectively. For two latters only 3 specific components being taken into account. Therefore, it seems advisable to use the considered complex indicator of environmental pollution to assess the resource safety level for electricity generation.

17

Water resources and physicochemical properties of the Mio-Pliocene aquifer complex in the M’leta Plain, Western Algeria

Khelifa Mohammed, Khedidja Abdelhamid, Mansour Hamidi, Azzeddine Reghais

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

11--20

EN

The aquifers in the M’léta Plain are crucial for supplying drinking water and supporting industrial and agricultural water needs. However, they are facing a pollution risk and environmental degradation. The present study aims to assess the groundwater quality in the M’léta Plain, focusing on its physicochemical properties, statistics of the aquifer, pollution risks, and factors influencing the water mineralisation process. The analysis of 16 samples reveals that the water contains high levels of sulphates and chlorides, often accompanied by sodium, calcium, or magnesium. This suggests two distinct water types or facies: one characterised by sodium chloride or calcium chloride, and the other with calcic or sodic sulphate waters, sometimes including magnesium sulphate. These facies may be attributed to the influence of different formations at the outcrop. Statistical analyses reveal a strong correlation between electrical conductivity and the majority of chemical elements, indicating the impact of freshwater interacting with the underlying rock formations on mineralisation. Some results also show undersaturation of certain minerals. Furthermore, the study evaluates the water's suitability for irrigation in the M’léta Plain in accordance with Richards’ classification.

18

Strategic sustainability : Unveiling the crucial role of solid waste management in environmental balance

Aldouri Seror N.M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

143--150

EN

This research investigates sustainable solid waste management practices at the State Company for the Manufacture of Medicines and Medical Supplies in Samarra. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 23, key variables such as education, participation, implementation, and policy were analysed to assess their impact on environmental balance. A sample of 62 staff members was surveyed from a population of 785, ensuring reliability and representative insights. The study revealed high internal consistency and validity for the analysed variables. Sustainable management dimensions were thoroughly explored, and the average score for sustainable management was found to be 3.102, indicating a strong level of agreement among participants regarding these dimensions. Specific hypotheses related to education, participation, implementation, and policy were confirmed through robust statistical analyses. Variation analysis revealed statistically significant differences in sustainable management dimensions and their impact on environmental balance. Regression analysis demonstrated relationships between participation, implementation, policy, and environmental balance, with R2 (coefficient of determination) values indicating the explanatory power of these relationships. The results underscore the critical role of education, participation, implementation, and policy in achieving environmental balance within the context of sustainable waste management practices. This study contributes valuable insights into effective strategies for promoting environmental sustainability in waste management initiatives, emphasising the importance of targeted interventions in education, participatory engagement, implementation strategies, and policy frameworks.

19

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater using a multivariate analysis approach

Sbai Khalid, Tahri Latifa, Hafiane Fatima Zahra, Halima Oumaima Iben, Fekhaoui Mohammed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

175--182

EN

The current study aims to assess underground water pollution using an integrated approach that combines statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and water quality diagrams (Piper diagram, Schoeller-Berkalov diagram). A total of twenty water samples were collected from the Tiflet region in the Sebou basin and analysed for various physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+). The average concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the water samples were found to be 41.9, 14.8, 20.1, and 8.1 mg∙dm-3, respectively. These concentrations indicate a significant presence of heavy metals in the groundwater samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater in this area is heavily polluted with heavy metals and other pollutants. This finding raises concerns regarding the use of this water for irrigation and agricultural activities in the region. This suggests that these four components play a crucial role in determining the overall water quality. The distribution patterns of the metals Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the well water within the study area are of particular environmental concern. It is recommended to establish a monitoring network to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in order to address this issue effectively.

20

Removal of Divalent Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution using Sorghum bicolor L. Stem Waste as an Effective Adsorbent

Annisa Rika Wahyuni Rusti, Fahruddin Fahruddin, Taba Paulina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

165--174

EN

Sorghum stem (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a plant that has not been maximally utilized. But sorghum stems contain high cellulose. The hydroxyl (OH-) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups on cellulose can bind heavy metals; therefore, sorghum stems have the opportunity to be used as an adsorbent to absorb heavy metals, especially Cu(II) metal, which can pollute the environment. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimum pH, contact time, and the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) using HNO3 modified sorghum stem adsorbent. The stages of the research included the preparation of sorghum stem adsorbent, modification of adsorbent with HNO3 , determination of optimum pH, optimum contact time and adsorption capacity of Cu(II) metal. Furthermore, the functional groups of the adsorbent before and after modification were determined by FTIR. SEM-EDS to assess the morphological structure and chemical components contained in the adsorbent. After the research, the optimum pH of Cu(II) metal adsorption was pH 6, and the adsorption power was 99.88%. The optimum contact time is 10 minutes. The percent removal of Cu(II) metal with concentrations of 10, 30, 50, and 100 ppm were 79.96; 79.90; 56.40 and 54.04%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu(II) metal using HNO3 modified sorghum stem adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm pattern compared to Langmuir with R2=0.9039. It is concluded that activated sorghum stem can be used as Cu(II) metal adsorbent.