Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Nonlinear observer-based fault diagnosis in photovoltaic systems integrated with voltage source converters using an extended Kalman filter

Chaourar Hanene, Iratni Abdelhamid, Laroussi Kouider

Diagnostyka

|

2026

|

Vol. 27, No. 2

art. no. 2026208

EN

With the rapid penetration of renewable generation, the stability and operability of photovoltaic (PV) systems increasingly depend on reliable fault diagnosis mechanisms. This work develops a nonlinear observerbased diagnostic framework for PV systems interfaced through a voltage source converter (VSC). The approach formulates a nonlinear state-space model of the PV converter system and deploys an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for real-time state estimation and sensor fault detection, targeting voltage and current measurements under varying operating conditions. The contribution does not rest on the EKF formulation itself, but on its integration within a unified estimation diagnosis control structure. The estimator generates residuals that enable rapid fault detection while simultaneously supporting measurement correction to maintain control performance. This coupling ensures continuity of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) even in the presence of sensor degradation. Simulation results demonstrate a reduction of estimation error by up to 99.9% for both voltage and current states, with fault detection occurring within milliseconds. The MPPT efficiency remains above 95% under faulty conditions, while output power exhibits improved stability compared to non-diagnosed configurations. The inclusion of the VSC further enhances dynamic response and robustness to environmental variability. These results confirm that the proposed observer-based architecture strengthens diagnostic reliability while preserving system performance in real time.

2

Porównanie sposobu montażu modułów fotowoltaicznych w kontekście efektywności energetycznej i kosztów inwestycji dla dużego przedsiębiorstwa

Smugowski Tomasz, Polegaj Szymon, Hajdasz Sylwia

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

|

2025

|

R. 93, nr 7

3--10

PL

W artykule przedstawiono porównanie i analizę dwóch sposobów montażu modułów fotowoltaicznych uwzględniającą efektywność energetyczną i koszty inwestycji dla przedsiębiorstwa z sektora produkcyjnego. Przeprowadzono badania symulacyjne dla dwóch konfiguracji instalacji fotowoltaicznych (PV) – w konfiguracji południowej oraz wschód - zachód. W symulacji uwzględniono lokalne warunki atmosferyczne i rzeczywiste ceny energii i zapotrzebowanie energetyczne przedsiębiorstwa. Na podstawie analizy wyników symulacji ustalono rekomendacje wspomagające przedsiębiorstwa w podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczących inwestycji w systemy fotowoltaiczne, z uwzględnieniem optymalizacji kosztów i efektywności energetycznej dla zaproponowanych konfiguracji.

EN

The article presents a comparison and analysis of two methods for mounting photovoltaic modules, taking into account energy efficiency and investment costs for a company in the manufacturing sector. Simulation studies were conducted for two configurations of photovoltaic (PV) installations – in a south-facing configuration and an east-west configuration. The simulation considered local weather conditions as well as actual energy prices and the energy demand of the company. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, recommendations were established to assist companies in making decisions regarding investments in photovoltaic systems, with a focus on cost optimization and energy efficiency for the proposed configurations.

3

Modern methods of maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic systems: classification, comparison, and application under partial shading conditions

Mroczka Janusz, Kaczmarek Kinga

Metrology and Measurement Systems

|

2025

|

Vol. 32, nr 3

art. no. 5, 1--18

EN

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is essential for optimising the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Selecting the appropriate MPPT algorithm allows for better utilisation of solar energy. Under Partial Shading Conditions (PSC), the power-voltage (P-V) curve becomes nonlinear, leading to multiple Local Maximum Power Points (LMPP), which complicates the identification of the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) and reduces system efficiency. This paper reviews and classifies MPPT methods into four categories: classical, metaheuristic, AI-based, and hybrid. These approaches are compared in terms of tracking accuracy, speed, adaptability to changing conditions, and robustness. Special focus is placed on methods that maintain performance under PSC, minimising energy losses and improving system stability. The goal is to highlight the strengths and limitations of each method and suggest directions for further optimisation to enhance the reliability and overall efficiency of PV systems in real-world conditions.

4

Improving PV system power using four-leg interleaved boost converter and MPPT based on robust integral linear quadratic control

Oussama Mohamed Cherif Daia Eddine, Ali Chebabhi, Abdelhalim Kessal

Journal of Power Technologies

|

2025

|

Vol. 105, nr 1

77--89

EN

In this paper, a new robust integral linear quadratic controller (ILQC) is proposed for four leg interleaved boost converters (FLIBCs) used in the photovoltaic systems. Compared to classical boost converters (CBC), IBCs are used in the high power and voltage application. Therefore, the IBC can convert a high-current low-voltage input to a low-current high-voltage output and presents higher efficiency, lower current ripple, and better reliability. In order to enhance the photovoltaic system's robust performances as reliability and efficiency of the converter, the proposed robust ILQC is calculating with the consideration of equal current sharing. Results of the proposed technique are compared with those of a classical boost converter (CBC) and FLIBC based on PI control. Performances of FLIBC based on proposed ILQC are tested in several simulations using SimPower Systems and S-Function of MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is observed that the ILQC based FLIBC maximizes the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic systems, improving the response time, reducing the overshoot of the waveforms, and decreasing the current ripple. Compared to classical PI control, the proposed robust ILQC can increase the efficiency of conversion under different irradiance levels.

5

Stability of metaheuristic PID controllers in photovoltaic dc microgrids

Yusubov Elvin, Bekirova Lala

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

|

2025

|

T. 15, nr 1

15--21

EN

This article presents the stability assessment of metaheuristic PID controllers in the hierarchical control system of photovoltaic DC microgrids. Stability is a critical aspect of DC microgrid systems. PID controllers are utilized at the primary, secondary and tertiary control levels of the DC microgrid’s hierarchical control system. Tuning of multiple PID controllers using traditional methods such as Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon tuning techniques becomes challenging under dynamic conditions of photovoltaic DC microgrids. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used to construct self-tuning PID controllers with improved stability. Experiments are performed to assess the stability of PID controlled system. Results exhibit that metaheuristic-tuned PID controllers of photovoltaic DC microgrids achieved superior performance in comparison with the traditional methods.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ocenę stabilności metaheurystycznych regulatorów PID w hierarchicznym systemie sterowania fotowoltaicznych mikrosieci DC. Stabilność jest krytycznym aspektem systemów mikrosieci DC. Regulatory PID są wykorzystywane na podstawowym, drugim i trzecim poziomie hierarchicznego systemu sterowania mikrosieci DC. Dostrajanie wielu regulatorów PID przy użyciu tradycyjnych metod, takich jak techniki Zieglera-Nicholsa i Cohena-Coona, staje się wyzwaniem w dynamicznych warunkach fotowoltaicznych mikrosieci DC. Metaheurystyczne algorytmy optymalizacji są wykorzystywane do konstruowania samostrojących regulatorów PID o zwiększonej stabilności. Przeprowadzono eksperymenty w celu oceny stabilności systemu sterowanego PID. Wyniki pokazują, że dostrojone metaheurystycznie regulatory PID fotowoltaicznych mikrosieci DC osiągnęły lepszą wydajność w porównaniu z tradycyjnymi metodami.

6

Prowadzenie badań na rzecz rozwoju fotowoltaiki na Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej w Krakowie do końca dwudziestego wieku

Stapiński Tomasz

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

|

2025

|

Vol. 66, Nr 11

7--11

PL

Praca odnosi się do początków badań na rzecz rozwoju fotowoltaiki na Akademii Górniczo Hutniczej w Krakowie. Opisano prowadzone badania zarówno w jednostkach podstawowych uczelni na bazie posiadanej infrastruktury jak i dzięki współpracy międzynarodowej w latach 80. i 90. XX wieku. Praca opiera się w znacznej części na własnych doświadczeniach naukowych autora zdobytych w Polsce i zagranicą głownie we Włoszech na Politechnice w Turynie

EN

This paper concerns the research for the development of photovoltaics at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków. It describes researches conducted both at the based on existing university infrastructure, and due to international collaboration in the 1980s and 1990s. The work is largely based on the author’s own scientific experience gained in Poland and abroad, mainly in Italy at the Polytechnic University of Turin.

7

Optimization of photovoltaic system safety through data analysis: development and implementation of an interactive dashboard for event monitoring and preventive strategy formulation

Bednarczyk Łukasz, Starzyczny Magda, Wróblewski Wojciech

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2024

|

Nr 91 (tom 1)

45--57

EN

The development of the photovoltaic (PV) sector in Poland, as a crucial component of the renewable energy transition strategy, faces a challenge related to limited user awareness of operational risks. Our study addresses this gap by presenting the development and implementation of an interactive dashboard for the National Fire Department’s Decision Support System (SWD PSP), aimed at optimizing the safety of PV installations through data analysis and the formulation of preventive strategies. Utilizing data from fire protection units, this tool enables the monitoring of incidents and identification of potential threats, while simultaneously increasing societal awareness. The dashboard, leveraging advanced data visualization techniques, provides easy navigation and dynamic presentation of statistics, facilitating quick responses to changing data and potential hazards. The results of our study highlight the significance of such tools in enhancing the safety of using PV installations, which can contribute to the further development of the renewable Energy sector, ensuring its safety and efficiency.

8

Enhancing PV Systems with Intelligent MPPT and Improved control strategy of Z-Source Inverter

Bettahar Fares, Abdeddaim Sabrina, Achour Betka

Power Electronics and Drives

|

2024

|

Vol. 9 (44)

1--20

EN

The Improved Z-Source Inverter (IZSI) has gained attention in the photovoltaic industry for its ability to boost PV voltage with a singlestage topology, simplifying system design and reducing costs. However, research on integrating IZSI into PV systems, particularly regarding the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) and IZSI control strategy, is limited. This study proposes an Intelligent Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) algorithm as an MPPT method for PV systems under constant and varying irradiance conditions. The IPSO algorithm is compared to the FPA, CSA, and traditional MPPT algorithm (PSO), and the results demonstrate that IPSO outperforms all algorithms in terms of speed, efficiency, and convergence in finding the Maximum Power Point (MPP). Two methods, Simple Boost Control (SBC) and Maximum Constant Boost Control with Third Harmonic Injection (THIMCBC), are employed to control IZSI. Simulation results using MATLAB-Simulink show that both strategies successfully find and track the MPP, but THIMCBC exhibits superior voltage-boosting performance compared to SBC. Overall, the proposed IZSI topology with the IPSO MPPT method and THIMCBC IZSI control strategy offers several advantages, including improved voltage boost ability, reduced z-source capacitor voltage stress, inherent inrush current limitation, and cost-effectiveness. These advantages make the proposed system a promising solution for photovoltaic systems.

9

Sterowanie silnikami elektrycznymi w przekształtnikowych układach fotowoltaicznych

Bakalarczyk Jerzy

Napędy i Sterowanie

|

2024

|

R. 26, nr 3

48--50

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zarówno rodzaje silników wykorzystywanych w przekształtnikowych układach fotowoltaicznych, jak i sposoby oraz możliwości ich sterowania. Podano ogólny schemat przykładowego przekształtnikowego systemu współpracującego z silnikami. Opisano poszczególne jego elementy. Dokonano zestawienia różnych rodzajów silników najczęściej stosowanych w układach fotowoltaicznych oraz wymieniono ich wady i zalety. Zestawiono również różne układy sterowania i regulacji wraz z podaniem ich zalet oraz wad. Opisano tendencje rozwojowe w zakresie wykorzystania inteligentnych systemów komunikacyjnych do kontroli i sterowania silnikami szczególnie w trackerach fotowoltaicznych. Pracę zakończono wnioskami nasuwającymi się podczas jej realizacji.

EN

The paper presents both the types of motors used in converter photovoltaic systems and the methods and possibilities of their control. A general diagram of an exemplary converter system cooperating with electric motors is given. Its individual elements are described. Various types of electric motors most commonly used in photovoltaic systems are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are listed. Various control systems are also listed together with their advantages and dis?? advantages. Development trends in the use of intelligent communication systems to control and control motors, especially in photovoltaic trackers, are described. The work was ended with conclusions that raised during this implementation.

10

Sterowanie silnikami elektrycznymi w przekształtnikowych układach fotowoltaicznych

Bakalarczyk Jerzy

Napędy i Sterowanie

|

2024

|

R. 26, nr 1

35--37

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zarówno rodzaje silników wykorzystywanych w przekształtnikowych układach fotowoltaicznych, jak i sposoby oraz możliwości ich sterowania. Podano ogólny schemat przykładowego przekształtnikowego systemu współpracującego z silnikami. Opisano poszczególne jego elementy. Dokonano zestawienia różnych rodzajów silników najczęściej stosowanych w układach fotowoltaicznych oraz wymieniono ich wady i zalety. Zestawiono również różne układy sterowania i regulacji wraz z podaniem ich zalet oraz wad. Opisano tendencje rozwojowe w zakresie wykorzystania inteligentnych systemów komunikacyjnych do kontroli i sterowania silnikami szczególnie w trackerach fotowoltaicznych. Pracę zakończono wnioskami nasuwającymi się podczas jej realizacji.

EN

The paper presents both the types of motors used in converter photovoltaic systems and the methods and possibilities of their control. A general diagram of an exemplary converter system cooperating with electric motors is given. Its individual elements are described. Various types of electric motors most commonly used in photovoltaic systems are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are listed. Various control systems are also listed together with their advantages and disadvantages. Development trends in the use of intelligent communication systems to control and control motors, especially in photovoltaic trackers, are described. The work was ended with conclusions that raised during this implementation.

11

Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Dhahran and Bisha, Saudi Arabia

Allah Malik Al-Abed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 9

260--271

EN

The potential for grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to provide sustainable energy solutions across diverse climatic zones in Saudi Arabia was analyzed through a detailed feasibility study focusing on Dhahran and Bisha, representing different climatic conditions. In Dhahran, the power capacity for the six assessed PV technologies–Gintech, Jinko Solar, Apain Solar, Canadian Solar, Green Power, and Suntech-ranged from 11,970 kW to 12,012 kW, with the number of panels varying from 35,200 to 46,200. The solar collector area spanned from 61,242 m² to 88,715 m², and the electricity exported to the grid was consistent at approximately 18.770 MWh to 18,839 MWh. Initial costs were between USD 7,100,180 and USD 7,135,128, while revenue from exported electricity ranged from USD 912,378 to USD 915,079 with GHG emission reductions substantial at 9700 to 9736 tCO2. In Bisha, power capacities ranged between 9711 kW and 9800 kW, with panel counts from 28,600 to 37,750, and solar collector areas varying from 49.774 m² to 71,721 m². The electricity exported to the grid ranged from 18,780 MWh to 18,952 MWh. Initial costs were lower, between USD 5,768,334 and USD 5,821,200 and the revenue from exported electricity ranged from USD 912,686 to USD 921,051 with GHG emission reductions between 9705 and 9794 tCO2. These findings highlight the economic and environmental benefits of deploying grid-connected solar PV systems across different regions in Saudi Arabia, demonstrating significant potential for energy cost savings and substantial reductions in carbon emissions.

12

Advanced perturb and observe algorithm for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic systems with adaptive step size

Zouhri Amal

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, No. 3

55--60

EN

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to optimize the power output from the solar panels. Among the various MPPT algorithms, the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is a popular choice due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, the basic P&O algorithm has some limitations such as oscillations and steady-state error under rapidly changing irradiance conditions. The enhanced algorithm includes a modified perturbation step and a dynamic step size adjustment scheme. This reduces the oscillations and improves the tracking accuracy. In the dynamic step size adjustment scheme, the step size is adjusted based on the rate of change of the PV output power. This improves the tracking performance under rapidly changing irradiance conditions. In order to prove the performance of the designed control algorithm, we will test it under simple climatic conditions of fixed temperature (30°C) and variable irradiation in the form of steps (500W/m² and 2000w/m²) and see the system response. The performance of the enhanced P&O algorithm has been evaluated using MATLAB simulations.

13

Sterowanie silnikami elektrycznymi w przekształtnikowych układach fotowoltaicznych

Bakalarczyk Jerzy

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

|

2023

|

Nr 1 (128)

135--137

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zarówno rodzaje silników wykorzystywanych w przekształtnikowych układach fotowoltaicznych jak i sposoby jak i możliwości ich sterowania. Podano ogólny schemat przykładowego przekształtnikowego systemu współpracującego z silnikami. Opisano poszczególne jego elementy. Dokonano zestawienia różnych rodzajów silników najczęściej stosowanych w układach fotowoltaicznych oraz wymieniono ich wady oraz zalety. Zestawiono również różne układy sterowania i regulacji wraz z podaniem ich zalet oraz wad. Opisano tendencje rozwojowe w zakresie wykorzystania inteligentnych systemów komunikacyjnych do kontroli i sterowania silnikami szczególnie w trackerach fotowoltaicznych. Pracę zakończono wnioskami nasuwającymi się podczas jej realizacji.

EN

The paper presents both the types of motors used in converter photovoltaic systems and the methods and possibilities of their control. A general diagram of an exemplary converter system cooperating with electric motors is given. Its individual elements are described. Various types of electric motors most commonly used in photovoltaic systems are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are listed. Various control systems are also listed together with their advantages and disadvantages. Development trends in the use of intelligent communication systems to control and control motors, especially in photovoltaic trackers, are described. The work was ended with conclusions that raised during this implementation.

14

Fault detection in photovoltaic systems using the inverse of the belonging individual Gaussian probability

Sendjasni Salah, Yagoubi Benabdellah, Daoud Mohamed, Belbachir Nasreddine, Ziane Abderrezzaq

Diagnostyka

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, No. 1

art. no. 2023112

EN

This article addresses the problem of fault early detection in photovoltaic systems. In the production field, solar power plants consist of many photovoltaic arrays, which may suffer from many different types of malfunctions over time. Hence, fault early detection before it affects PV systems and leads to a full system failure is essential to monitor these systems. The fields of control and monitoring of systems have been extensively approached by many researchers using various fault detection methods. Despite all this research, to early detect and locate faults in a very large photovoltaic power plant, we must, in particular, think of an effective method that allows us to do so at the lowest costs and time. Thus, we propose a new robust technique based on the inverse of the belonging individual Gaussian probability (IBIGP) to early detect and locate faults in the power curve as well as in the Infrared image of the photovoltaic systems. While most fault detection methods are well incorporated in other domains, the IBIGP technique is still in its infancy in the photovoltaic field. We will show, however, in this work that the IBIGP technique is a very promising tool for fault early detection enhancement.

15

Badania innowacyjnego układu sterowania systemem fotowoltaicznym (PV)

Graca Kamil, Matura Dawid, Kupczyk Michał, Pitlok Tomasz, Zgliczyński Sławomir

Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne

|

2022

|

Nr 6 (144)

4--8

PL

Artykuł przedstawia proces tworzenia oraz efekt końcowy, którym było opracowanie układu sterowania oraz algorytmu regulującego pracą systemu fotowoltaicznego (PV – od angielskiego słowa photovoltaics). W celu przeprowadzenia analizy wpływu warunków środowiskowych na blok fotowoltaiczny, została przygotowana wirtualizacja realnego obiektu oraz symulacje numeryczne.

EN

The article presents the process of creating and end results of development of the control system with steering algorithm. In order to analyze the influence of environmental conditions on the photovoltaic unit, the virtualization of a real object and numerical simulations were prepared.

16

Application of a Control Algorithm for the Master Unit of a Distributed Photovoltaic System

Świderski Mariusz, Gąsiorek Amadeusz

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2022

|

Vol. 68. No. 4

863--866

EN

The presented distributed photovoltaic system is made of divided into individual modules photovoltaic panel, consisting of several photovoltaic cells properly connected and coupling them with low-power DC / DC converters. The essence of the research is to increase the reliability of the system and the resultant efficiency of the entire system, so that it is possible to convert solar radiation energy into electricity with the greatest efficiency. The article focuses on the presentation of the implementation and tests of the overriding control algorithm, the task of which is to provide full functionality for a distributed photovoltaic system. The control is designed to minimize the negative effects of shadows on the operation of the photovoltaic system and conduct self-diagnostics. The conclusion for the carried out work is the formulation of hardware and interface requirements for the further development of the project.

17

Tendencies in development of energy assistance systems in an electric car

Augustynowicz Andrzej

Combustion Engines

|

2022

|

R. 61, nr 3

95--103

EN

As awareness regarding ecology increases among drivers, some characteristics of electric vehicles mean that they attract a greater interest. The basic factors determining the demand for electric cars include their pricing, access to charging stations and the cost per 1 kWh. Considering the above, the aim of this paper is to review the current areas of research into renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy and energy derived from vertical displacements of the car body associated with road roughness. The use of such solutions will allow the battery to be charged while the vehicle is in motion and extend the time of travel without stopping the vehicle for charging. The publication forms an overview of findings in the area and the scope of the research reported here relate to the most recent research. For this purpose, reviews of academic and industrial literature were carried out.

18

Overvoltage protection of PVmicroinstallations–regulatory requirements and simulation model

Janiga Klara

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

|

2021

|

T. 11, nr 2

40--43

EN

In low-voltage power networks with a large share of distributed energy sources, the phenomenon of overvoltage is increasingly observed. Although it may be desirable to raise the voltage value downstream of the network, in some cases the upper allowable voltage limit is exceeded.The method of eliminating voltage rises commonly used in the Polish power system is the installation of overvoltage protections, disconnecting the source from the grid. Such action reduces the profitability of prosumer installations, discouraging future potential investors. It turns out, however, that this is not the only disadvantage of such a solution. Sudden and uncoordinated disconnections and reconnections of more energy sources cause abrupt voltage changes that negatively affect the voltage conditions in the network.The aim of the paper is to present the operating algorithms of a standard overvoltage relay used in inverters of photovoltaic microinstallations. These algorithms –described in standards and national regulations –were tested in a typical inverter used in public low-voltage networks and implemented in the created simulation model of the relay. The described tests will be used for further work to demonstrate the need to coordinate the operation of overvoltage protections or replace them with other measures to improve voltage conditionsin the grid with high share of photovoltaic sources.

PL

W sieciach elektroenergetycznych niskiego napięcia z dużym udziałem rozproszonych źródeł energii coraz częściej obserwuje się zjawisko podskoku napięcia. Choć samo podniesienie wartości napięcia w głębi sieci może być pożądane, to jednak w niektórych przypadkach dochodzi do przekroczenia górnej dopuszczalnej granicy napięciowej. Powszechnie stosowanym w polskim systemie elektroenergetycznym sposobem eliminacji podskoków napięcia jest instalowanie zabezpieczeń nadnapięciowych, wyłączających źródło z sieci. Działanie takie obniża opłacalność instalacji prosumenckich, zniechęcając przyszłych potencjalnych inwestorów. Okazuje się jednak, że nie jest to jedyna wada takiego rozwiązania. Nagłe i nieskoordynowane wyłączenia i ponowne załączenia większej liczby źródeł energii powodują skokowe zmiany napięcia, które negatywnie wpływają na warunki napięciowe w sieci. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie algorytmów działania standardowego przekaźnika nadnapięciowego stosowanegow falownikach mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznych. Algorytmy te – opisane w normach i krajowych przepisach –przetestowano w typowym falowniku stosowanym w publicznych sieciach niskiego napięcia oraz zaimplementowano w utworzonym modelu symulacyjnym przekaźnika. Opisane badania posłużą do dalszych prac, mających wykazać konieczność koordynacji działania zabezpieczeń nadnapięciowych lub zastąpienia ich innymi środkami poprawy warunków napięciowych w sieci z dużym nasyceniem fotowoltaiką.

19

Photovoltaic systems - types of installations, materials, monitoring and modeling - review

Andula Angelika, Heim Dariusz

Acta Innovations

|

2020

|

no. 34

40--49

EN

Photovoltaic systems have become a common solution for, both small residential buildings as well as large service buildings. When buildings are being designed, it is important to focus on the aspect of the object's energy efficiency as lowering the energy consumption of a given facility is crucial. The article discusses the use of photovoltaic panels such as so-called BAPV (Building Applied Photovoltaics) and BIPV (Building Installed Photovoltaics) installations as well as photovoltaic thermal systems (PV/T), which generate both electricity and heat. The role of PV installation in so-called zero energy buildings and proposals for future research and solutions are also discussed.

20

Safety of photovoltaic installations and analysis of the costs of using photovoltaic panels producing energy for the needs of customers in Central Poland

Kruzel Robert, Helbrych Paweł

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

|

2019

|

Vol. 1, nr 1

307--315

EN

The article discusses the general problem of the use of renewable energy in Poland. The boundary conditions justifying the economic basis for the construction of photovoltaic power plants producing energy for the own needs of customers were determined. The research method uses a standard model of cash flows where revenues are avoided costs of purchase and distribution of energy due to the production of electricity from PV for own needs. The article also presents technical aspects related to the construction of photovoltaic micro-installations. Particular attention has been paid to the protection of photovoltaic installations, the hazards resulting from the operation of photovoltaic installations, and health and safety at work during design and implementation.