Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Predicting the mechanical properties of stainless steels using Artificial Neural Networks

Ivković Djordje, Arsić Dušan, Adamović Dragan, Nikolić Ružica, Mitrović Andjela, Otakar Bokuvka

Production Engineering Archives

|

2024

|

Vol. 30, Iss. 2

225--232

EN

Knowing the material properties is of a crucial importance when planning to manufacture some structure. That is true for the steel structures, as well. Thus, for the proper planning of a certain steel part or a structure production, one must be aware of the properties of the material, to be able to make a qualified decision, which material should be used. Considering that the manufacturing of steel products is constantly growing in various branches of industry and engineering, the problem of predicting the material properties, needed to satisfy the requirements for the certain part efficient and reliable functioning, becomes an imperative in the design process. A method of predicting four material properties of the two stainless steels, by use of the artificial neural network (ANN) is presented in this article. Those properties were predicted based on the particular steels’ known chemical compositions and the corresponding material properties available in the Cambridge Educational System EDU PACK 2010 software, using neural network module of MathWorks Matlab. The method was verified by com-paring the values of the material properties predicted by this method to known values of properties for the two stainless steels, X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304), X5CrNiMo17-12-2 (AISI 316). The difference be-tween the two sets of values was below 5% and, in some cases, even negligible.

2

Zalety kołków sprężystych zwijanych ze stali nierdzewnej chromowej 420

Pasko Michael

Napędy i Sterowanie

|

2024

|

R. 26, nr 4

42--43

PL

Kołki zwijane są stosowane w wielu branżach, w tym motoryzacyjnej, medycznej, ciężkiego sprzętu, wojskowej, lotniczej i produktów konsumenckich. W zastosowaniach wymagających połączenia wysokiej wytrzymałości, doskonałej odporności na zużycie i odporności na korozję, nierdzewna chromowa stal martenzytyczna 420 oferuje szereg zalet technicznych oraz stanowi rzetelne i racjonalne pod względem kosztów rozwiązanie... [wstęp]

3

Effect of floating-plug drawing process parameters on surface finish of inner and outer surfaces of AISI 321 stainless steel thin-walled tubes

Żaba Krzysztof, Szpunar Marcin

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 41, nr 1

27-37

EN

This article presents the results of the analysis of changes in the surface topography of AISI 321 (1.4541) thin-walled stainless steel tubes in single-pass Floating-Plug Drawing (FPD) process. Experimental tests were carried out with variable drawing speed (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 m/min) and different angles of floating plug (11.3°, 13° and 14°). Wisura DSO7010 (Fuchs Oil) lubricant was used in the experiments. Mean roughness Ra and ten point height of irregularities Rz were adopted as surface quality indicators. Roughness parameters were measured independently on the inner and outer surfaces of thin-walled tubes. Analysis of variance was used to analyse the relationship between process parameters (drawing speed and angle of floating plug) and surface roughness of tubes. A decrease in the values of both analyzed roughness parameters was observed as a result of the drawing process. The FPD process significantly improves the inner surface quality of AISI 321 thin-walled stainless steel tubes. The mean roughness value tends to increase with increasing drawing speed, while the angle of the floating-plug has no significant effect on the mean roughness Ra.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy zmian topografii powierzchni rur cienkościennych ze stali nierdzewnej AISI 321 po procesie ciągnienia na korku swobodnym. Badania eksperymentalne przeprowadzono w jednym przejściu, ze zmienną prędkością ciągnienia (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 m/min) oraz różnymi kątami β korka swobodnego (11.3°, 13° and 14°). W badaniach eksperymentalnych wykorzystano smar Wisura DSO7010 (Fuchs Oil). Jako wskaźniki jakości powierzchni przyjęto średnie arytmetyczne odchylenie rzędnych profilu Ra oraz wysokość chropowatości według 10 punktów Rz. Parametry chropowatości mierzono niezależnie na wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej powierzchni rur cienkościennych. Do analizy związków pomiędzy parametrami procesu ciągnienia (prędkość ciągnienia i kąt korka swobodnego) wykorzystano analizę wariancji. Zaobserwowano zmniejszenie wartości obydwu analizowanych parametrów chropowatości w wyniku procesu ciągnienia. Proces ciągnienia na korku swobodnym znacznie poprawia jakość wewnętrznej powierzchni cienkościennych rur ze stali nierdzewnej AISI 321. Zaobserwowano tendencję do zwiększania się parametru Ra wraz ze wzrostem prędkości ciągnienia, podczas gdy kąt β korka swobodnego nie miał znaczącego wpływu na średnią chropowatość Ra.

4

Study of the Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Surface Modified Steel for Medical Applications

Taratuta Anna, Lisoń-Kubica Julia, Kazek-Kęsik Alicja, Antonowicz Magdalena, Basiaga Marcin

Tribologia

|

2023

|

nr 2

85--95

EN

Various types of metal implants, both in Poland and worldwide, are mainly manufactured from stainless steel due to their biocompatibility, strength, and relatively low price. However, any such procedure involves the risk of peri-implant infection, stimulated, among other things, by the formation of a bacterial biofilm on the surface of the implant. In this paper, several methods of modifying the surface of steel for medical applications were proposed, such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, sandblasting, and the application of a thin surface layer. This was followed by a series of physicochemical and biological tests. The results indicate that the titanium nitride coating improved corrosion resistance and reduced bacterial adhesion on the surface. No significant improvement in abrasion was observed, and the adhesion of the coating closely depended on the method of preparation.

PL

Implanty metalowe, zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie, produkowane są głównie ze stali nierdzewnej ze względu na jej biokompatybilność, wytrzymałość i stosunkowo niską cenę. Jednak każdy tego rodzaju zabieg wiąże się z ryzykiem powstania zakażenia okołowszczepowego, stymulowanego m.in. powstawaniem biofilmu bakteryjnego na powierzchni implantu. W pracy zaproponowano kilka metod modyfikacji powierzchni stali do zastosowań medycznych, takich jak polerowanie mechaniczne, elektropolerowanie, piaskowanie oraz nałożenie cienkiej warstwy powierzchniowej. Następnie przeprowadzono szereg badań fizykochemicznych i biologicznych. Wyniki wskazują, że powłoka azotku tytanu poprawiła odporność na korozję oraz ograniczyła adhezję bakterii na powierzchni. Nie zaobserwowano znaczącej poprawy ścieralności, a adhezja powłoki ściśle zależała od metody jej przygotowania.

5

Dynamic Behaviour of Selective Laser Melted 316L Steel : Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Changes

Białobrzewski Paweł, Sienkiewicz Judyta, Janiszewski Jacek, Kluczyński Janusz

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

|

2023

|

Vol. 14, Nr 2 (52)

51--72

EN

316L steel specimens with three different shear zones made by SLM (Selective Laser Melting) were subjected to dynamic tests using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar method. The effect of high-speed deformation on changes in microstructure was analyzed. In addition, the stress-strain relationship was determined from the SHPB results. To visualize the deformation process of the specimens during the tests, a camera with a high frame rate was used. It was shown that as the plastic deformation increases, the hardness of the material increases. Microstructural analysis of dynamically loaded areas revealed numerous defects. Twinning was found to be the main deformation mechanism. Large plastic deformation and many other microstructural changes such as shear bands, cracks and martensite nucleation were also observed.

PL

Próbki ze stali 316L z trzema różnymi strefami ścinania wykonane metodą SLM (Selective Laser Melting) poddano testom dynamicznym wykorzystując do tego metodę dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar). Przeanalizowano wpływ odkształceń o dużej szybkości na zmiany w mikrostrukturze. Ponadto na podstawie wyników badań SHPB wyznaczono zależność naprężenie- odkształcenie. W celu zobrazowania procesu odkształcania próbek podczas badań zastosowano kamerę o dużej częstości klatkowania. Wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem odkształcenia plastycznego wzrasta twardość materiału. Analiza mikrostrukturalna obszarów obciążonych dynamicznie ujawniła liczne defekty. Stwierdzono, że głównym mechanizmem deformacji jest bliźniakowanie. Zaobserwowano również duże odkształcenia plastyczne i wiele innych zmian mikrostruktury, takich jak pasma ścinania, pęknięcia i zarodkowanie martenzytu.

6

Effect of surfactant concentration in modifying solution on corrosion properties of the coatings based on vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)

Kucharczyk A., Adamczyk Lidia, Miecznikowski K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 121, nr 1

5--17

EN

Purpose: This paper presents an analysis of the structure and physicochemical properties of coatings based on an organofunctional silane (VTMS), a conductive polymer (PEDOT), and a surfactant (polyoxyethylene glycol monolauryl ether BRIJ). Design/methodology/approach The coatings were deposited on X20Cr13 stainless steel and glassy carbon specimens using sol-gel immersion. The obtained coatings were characterised in terms of topography, microstructure, roughness, adhesion to the steel substrate, thickness, and corrosion resistance. Corrosion tests were conducted in sulfate environments with pH = 2 without or with the addition of Cl- ions. Findings: The use of different surfactant concentrations in the modifying solution is intended to improve the deposition efficiency and increase the degree of dispersion of silane and conducting polymer. Research limitations/implications The tested coatings were found to slow down the corrosion of the steel substrate, thus effectively protecting it from this phenomenon. The use of a surfactant compound is intended to increase the degree of dispersion of silane and polymer in the modifying solution to improve deposition efficiency. Practical implications: Test carried out in corrosive media have shown that the coatings proposed in the above work, based on VTMS silane, PEDOT polymer and BRIJ surfactant, significantly increase the corrosion resistance of the tested materials, which confirms their effectiveness and possibility of application in various industries. Originality/value: The novelty of this paper is the use of silane (VTMS), polymer (PEDOT) and surfactant (BRIJ) as components of the anticorrosion coating.

7

Tailoring the strength-ductility balance of a commercial austenitic stainless steel with combined TWIP and TRIP effects

Sohrabi Mohammad Javad, Mirzadeh Hamed, Sadeghpour Saeed, Geranmayeh Abdol Reza

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e170, 2023

EN

The sequential twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effects were induced in a commercial AISI 304L stainless steel by tailoring the average austenite grain size (via thermomechanical processing of cold rolling and reversion/recrystallization annealing), leading to a combination of high yield stress and total elongation as well as a remarkable strength-ductility synergy similar to advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) for automotive industry. In fact, the refinement of grains promoted the TWIP effect at the expense of the TRIP effect due to its effect on increasing the apparent stacking fault energy; while the coarsening/growth of grains led to a pronounced TRIP effect via deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation during straining. Moreover, the TRIP/TWIP effects were characterized by the simple work-hardening analysis such as slope change and appearance of extremum points on the curves of work-hardening rate, logarithmic and parabolic segments on the curves of instantaneous work-hardening exponent, and deviations from the strain-hardening Hollomon lines. The results were supported by the interrupted tensile tests and detailed electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, where the merit of the TWIP-TRIP steels was shown in the case of a commercial austenitic stainless steel.

8

Microstructure formation and fatigue performance of duplex stainless steel 2205 welded joints by electric resistance welding

Dong Zhilong, Xie Xue-fang, Li Jingwen, Wan Yu, Wang Chaolei

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e180, 2023

EN

The electric resistance welding of thin-thickness duplex stainless steel (DSS) has an outstanding attraction in the plate-fin heat exchanger which is widely used in power machinery, diesel locomotive and other fields, but its structural integrity is threatened seriously by fatigue failure. Therefore, in this research, the formation of the heterogeneous microstructure of DSS electric resistance welding joints (ERWJ) was analyzed by the optical microscope (OM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) observations, and the uniaxial tensile and fatigue tests were subsequently executed to disclose their mechanical properties. The intrinsic relevancy between phase-related characteristics and failure behavior was extensively analyzed. The results show that the ferrite was dominating at whole ERWJ, particularly at the energized area, accounting for up to 72%. More than 45% of high-angle boundaries (HABS) and the highest kernel average misorientation (KAM, 2.46° for austenite and 1.52° for ferrite), which indicates greater plastic deformation and residual stress, were observed at the weld edge. In addition, the failure occurred as a tear along the weld edge regardless of the monotonic and cyclic loadings under the deterioration of residual stress and island-like austenite. The distribution of fatigue life with cyclic amplitude performed an obvious turning point of 19.5 MPa due to the different failure mechanisms, providing a permissible range of the stress amplitudes and reinforcement strategies for the plate-shell heat exchanger ERWJ in the engineering.

9

Additive manufacturing of metallic biomaterials: a concise review

Mahajan Amit, Singh Gurcharan, Devgan Sandeep

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e187, 2023

EN

Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the critical techniques of novel medical devices which is capable of processing complicated or customized structures to best match the human’s bones and tissues. AM allows for the fabrication of devices with optimal architectures, complicated morphologies, surface integrity, and regulated porosity and chemical composition. Various AM methods can now consistently fabricate dense products for a range of metallic, nonmetallic, composites, and nanocomposites. Different studies are available that describe the microstructure and various properties of 3D-printed biomedical alloys. However, there are limited research on the wear characteristics, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of 3D-printed technology-constructed biomedical alloys. In this article, AM metallic biomaterials such as stainless steel, magnesium, cobalt–chromium, and titanium are reviewed along with their alloys. The helicopter view of essential characteristics of these additively manufactured biomaterials is comprised. The review will have a significant impact on fabricating metallic surgical equipment and its sturdiness in the biomedical field.

10

Modeling and optimization of friction stir stitching of AISI 201 stainless steel via Box-Behnken design methodology

Ojo Olatunji Oladimeji, Obasha Isaac Ojo

Production Engineering Archives

|

2022

|

Vol. 28, Iss. 2

132--140

EN

The paper investigates the modelling and optimization of the notch-repaired/friction stir stitched AISI 201 stainless steel welds via the use of a non-consumable tool-based repair process. The repair process employs a sequential hopping-stitching approach. This approach involves the application of two intercepted and completely overlapped plunging actions of a probe-less titanium carbide tool to create an effective refilling and repair of the notched zone. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed for the experimental planning, modelling, and optimization of the notch-repair process. Tool rotational speed, penetration depth and dwell time of the tool were the studied process parameters while tensile strength was the response variable. A quadratic model was identified as the best model for the notch-repaired welds based on the combination of a low sequential P-value of 0.008216, a high lack of fit P-value of 0.931366, and a close to unity adjusted and predicted R-square values. The process parameter and their interaction effects on the tensile strength of the repaired notch were identified via the ANOVA analysis. Plunge depth (main effect) and interaction effect of tool rotational speed and dwell time had significant influences on the notch-repair process and the resultant tensile strength of the AISI 201 stainless steel. The visual representations of these effects were shown through the 2D elliptical contour and 3D response surface plots. The optimized process parameters were identified as 1215.9795 rpm, 0.40262212 mm, and 5.98706376 s while the resultant notch-repaired joint yielded a tensile strength of 886 MPa, which is close to the predicted value.

11

Wpływ stężenia BRJI na właściwości ochronne powłok silanowych na bazie winylotrójmetoksysilanu wytworzonych na stalach X20Cr13 i 41Cr4

Kucharczyk Aleksandra, Adamczyk Lidia

Ochrona przed Korozją

|

2022

|

nr 3

83--87

PL

W niniejszej pracy zbadano właściwości ochronne powłok silanowych na bazie winylotrójmetoksysilanu VTMS i niejonowego środka powierzchniowo - czynnego BRJI. Jako rozpuszczalnik organosilanu i surfaktantu zastosowano etanol, natomiast kwas octowy zastosowano w celu ustalenia środowiska kwasowego (pH roztworów między 3−4). Powłoki naniesiono na próbki stali nierdzewnej X20Cr13 oraz stali stopowej konstrukcyjnej 41Cr4 metodą zanurzeniową w procesie sol-gel przy użyciu różnych stężeń surfaktantu. Otrzymane powłoki scharakteryzowano pod względem odporności korozyjnej, przyczepności do podłoża stalowego oraz grubości. Badania korozyjne przeprowadzono w kwaśnych środowiskach siarczanowych o pH = 2 bez lub z jonami Cl-. Zastosowanie związków powierzchnio–czynnych ma za zadanie zwiększenie stopnia zdyspergowania silanu w roztworze modyfikującym, celem poprawy efektywności procesu osadzania.

EN

In this study, the protective properties of silane coatings based on VTMS vinyltrimethoxysilane and BRJI non-ionic surfactant were investigated. Ethanol was used as the solvent for organosilane and surfactant, while acetic acid was used to adjust the acidic environment (pH of the solutions between 3-4). The coatings were applied to samples of X20Cr13 stainless steel and 41Cr4 structural alloy steel by dip method in the sol-gel process using various surfactant concentrations. The obtained coatings were characterized in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion to the steel substrate and thickness. Corrosion tests were carried out in acidic sulphate media with pH = 2 without or with Cl- ions. The purpose of the use of surfactants is to increase the degree of silane dispersion in the modifying solution in order to improve the efficiency of the deposition process.

12

Enhancement of corrosion resistance of stainless steel with Zn doped silane coatings

Owczarek Edyta

Ochrona przed Korozją

|

2022

|

nr 12

373--377

EN

Blank silane films are not able to provide long-term corrosion protection. As is known, dopants with corrosion inhibiting properties can be added to the silane sol-gel network in order to increase their corrosion resistance. The present work investigates the protective properties of air-aged films obtained from a solution of isobutyltriethoxysilane (IBTES) doped with 0.01 mol/l and 0.1 mol/l zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O prepared on an X20Cr13 stainless steel substrate. The surface morphologies, adhesion to the substrate and the corrosion resistance of the obtained films in an 0.5 M Cl− solution were examined. The experimental results showed that IBTES films doped with 0.01 mol/l zinc nitrate deposited on the surface of stainless steel had better protective properties, while those doped with 0.1 mol/l of the inhibitor had worse protective properties against local corrosion compared to blank IBTES film.

PL

Powłoki silanowe nie są w stanie zapewnić długotrwałej ochrony przed korozją. Jak wiadomo, do sieci zol-żel silanu można dodawać domieszki o właściwościach hamujących korozję w celu zwiększenia ich odporności na korozję. W pracy zbadano właściwości ochronne starzonych w powietrzu powłok otrzymanych z roztworu izobutylo- trietoksysilanu (IBTES) domieszkowanych 0,01 mol/l i 0,1 mol/l azotanu cynku Zn(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O wytworzonych na podłożu ze stali nie- rdzewnej X20Cr13. Zbadano morfologię powierzchni, przyczepność do podłoża oraz odporność korozyjną otrzymanych filmów w 0,5M roztworze Cl−. Badania eksperymentalne wykazały, że powłoki IBTES domieszkowane 0,01 mol/l azotanu cynku osadzone na powierzchni stali nierdzewnej miały lepsze właściwości ochronne przed korozją lokalną w porównaniu z powłoką IBTES, natomiast domieszkowane 0,1mol/l inhibitora – gorsze.

13

Preparation of composite steel with using of hot rolling

Kawulok Rostislav, Pasečný Daniel, Kawulok Petr, Rusz Stanislav, Opěla Petr, Schindler Ivo

Journal of Metallic Materials

|

2022

|

Vol. 74, no. 1

21--27

EN

The paper deals with the unconventional issue of composite steel preparation by hot rolling. Various production possibilities of multilayer composite from austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 and tool high carbon steel AISI D2 were investigated. Samples with 5, 15 and 45 layers were prepared. Optical microstructural analysis were subsequently performed on these samples with the focus on the details of joint and evaluation of the thicknesses of individual layers. In addition, hardness measurements were performed on the prepared samples, including its comparison with the individual steels used. It was confirmed that the hardness increased with increasing number of layers, however in this case, the difference between 15 and 45 layers was only 8 HBW. In addition it was found that the hardness of the prepared 45-layer packet without quenching was higher than that of the base (used) steels.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono niekonwencjonalnemu zagadnieniu przygotowania kompozytu stalowego metodą walcowania na gorąco. Zbadano różne możliwości i metody wytwarzania wielowarstwowego kompozytu stalowego z austenitycznej stali nierdzewnej AISI 304 i wysokowęglowej stali narzędziowej AISI D2. W pracy opisano technologię przygotowania pakietów z tych stali złożonych z 5, 15 i 45 warstw. Następnie przeprowadzono na tych próbkach optyczne analizy mikrostrukturalne, skupiając się na szczegółach łączenia i ocenie grubości poszczególnych warstw. Ponadto na przygotowanych próbkach wykonano pomiary twardości, a wyniki porównano z poszczególnymi zastosowanymi stalami. Potwierdzono, że twardość wzrastała wraz ze wzrostem liczby warstw, jednak w przypadku różnicy między 15 a 45 warstwami różnica twardości to zaledwie 8 HBW. Ponadto stwierdzono, że twardość przygotowanego 45-warstwowego pakietu bez hartowania była wyższa niż (użytych) stali podstawowych.

14

Sequential treatment process in a rotary container polishing machine with periodic workpiece location changes in working abrasives areas

Juniewicz Mateusz, Plichta Jarosław

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 6, No 2

1--6

EN

This paper presents the process of a 3-step machining process involving pre-treatment, smoothing and polishing, placing the workpiece in different energy levels of the working load in a rotary-cascade container smoother, by moving it towards the radial direction of the working chamber of the smoother. Studies show the ability to control the course of pre-treatment, smoothing and finishing intensity, both in terms of process parameters and treatment time. Such a structure of the machining process, it also allows you to influence the structure geometry of the machined surfaces in successive stages of machining, and consequently on the final quality. The proposed organization and structure of the process allows for the creation of a new one surface treatment strategy.

15

Influence of reduced cutting speed values on operator safety and cutting tool life in the processes of manufacturing and regeneration of marine machinery parts

Labuda Wojciech, Charchalis Adam

Journal of KONBiN

|

2022

|

Vol. 52, iss. 3

1--25

EN

The research used shafts made of X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304L) stainless steel, which is used, among others in the shipbuilding industry. The turning process was carried out on the CU500MRD universal lathe with the use of cutting inserts with a corner radius of 0.2; 0.4 and 0.8 mm. The measurement of the forces during machining was recorded using a Kistler dynamometer. Surface roughness measurements were made with a Waveline W20 profilometer. The research results are the basis for determining the safe range of application of stainless steel cutting parameters on conventional lathes, with the simultaneous analysis of the quality of the machined surface.

PL

W badaniach wykorzystano wały wykonane ze stali nierdzewnej X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304L), która znajduje zastosowanie między innymi w przemyśle okrętowym. Proces toczenia zrealizowano na tokarce uniwersalnej CU500MRD z wykorzystaniem płytek skrawających o promieniu naroża 0,2; 0,4 oraz 0,8 mm. Pomiar sił podczas obróbki skrawaniem rejestrowano z wykorzystaniem siłomierza firmy Kistler. Pomiary chropowatości powierzchni wykonano profilometrem Waveline W20. Wyniki badań są podstawą do wyznaczenia bezpiecznego zakresu stosowania parametrów skrawania stali nierdzewnej na tokarkach konwencjonalnych, przy jednoczesnej analizie jakości powierzchni obrobionej.

16

Advanced methods of joining battery cells in the automotive industry

Kwieciński Krzysztof, Lota Katarzyna, Kiełbasiński Marcin, Pikuła Janusz, Węglowski Marek St., Śliwiński Piotr, Stano Sebastian, Urbańczyk Michał, Kowieski Szymon, Śliwiński Piotr, Jankowska Ewa, Mańczak Rafał, Szostak Rafał

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2022

|

Vol. 66, No. 5

15--21

EN

The article discusses tests performed within a state budget-subsidised research project Research into the Development of Joining Techniques for Battery Packs. The subject of research work includes the selection and development of technologies enabling the joining of battery cells and accumulators used in modern electric cars. The works conducted previously involved the performance of tests related to the joining of cells using ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, laser beam welding, electron beam welding and plasma arc welding. The technologies developed within the project will make it possible to optimize the manufacturing of Polish batteries.

PL

W ramach projektu badawczego dofinansowanego ze środków budżetu państwa pt. „Badania nad opracowaniem technik łączenia materiałów przeznaczonych na elementy złączne pakietów baterii” prowadzone są badania mające na celu dobór i opracowanie technologii łączenia ogniw i akumulatorów przeznaczonych do nowoczesnych samochodów elektrycznych. W trakcie prac przeprowadzono badania łączenia ogniw takimi metodami jak: zgrzewanie ultradźwiękowe i oporowe, zgrzewanie wiązką laserową, zgrzewanie wiązką elektronów, zgrzewanie ultradźwiękowe oraz spawania plazmowego. Opracowane technologie pozwolą na optymalizację procesu produkcji polskich baterii. W artykule omówiono dotychczas uzyskane wyniki.

17

Laboratory tests and numerical analysis of façade sub-structure made of austenitic steel

Cwyl Maciej, Wierzbicki Stanisław, Michalczyk Rafał

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 68, nr 4

237--252

EN

This article presents a study of a wall cladding system composed of stainless steel sub-frame and composite, fibre-reinforced concrete cladding panels, which was been installed on a high-rise public building. The study focused on the assessment of strength, safety and durability of design through laboratory tests and numerical analyses. The laboratory tests were conducted using a threedimensional tests stand and a full-scale mock-up of the wall cladding system built at the laboratory using the actually used materials and cladding panels. The boundary conditions and the test loads corresponded to the values of actions determined during the engineering phase of the high-rise building under analysis. Noteworthy, wind actions were verified by supplementary wind tunnel testing. In addition, the stainless steel was also tested to determine the strength properties of the material actually used in construction. These test were carried out just before commencement of the curtain wall installation. The 3D model was constructed with the application of the finite element method (FEM) to obtain adequate representation of geometry, material performance and structural behaviour of the analysed wall cladding system. Particular attention was paid to determination of the parameters defining the behaviour of the cladding system sub-frame from the angle of plastic deformations of the stainless steel and the resulting failure mechanisms of the members of the structure itself. To this end, the stainless steel was subjected to appropriate performance tests to determine material properties including the values of the proportionality limit and yield strength.

PL

Współczesne konstrukcje metalowo-szklane notują bardzo intensywny rozwój w obszarze rozwiązań materiałowych, pełnionych funkcji w budynku oraz efektów wizualnych związanych z architekturą realizowanych obiektów. W artykule przedstawiono badania struktury elewacyjnej budynku wysokiego użyteczności publicznej, która została zaprojektowana w postaci rusztu ze stali nierdzewnej i kompozytowych paneli z betonu zbrojonego włóknami. Głównym celem niniejszej pracy była ocena nośności, bezpieczeństwa i trwałości projektowanych rozwiązań, poprzez badania laboratoryjne i analizy numeryczne. Badania laboratoryjne prowadzono na trójwymiarowym stanowisku badawczym, na fragmencie elewacji w skali rzeczywistej, który zbudowano w laboratorium z materiałów i okładzin zastosowanych na realizowanym obiekcie. Fragment elewacji badany w laboratorium został przygotowany przez wykonawców realizujących ocenianą fasadę budynku, co pozwoliło odwzorować standard wykonania taki jak na obiekcie. Warunki brzegowe oraz przyjęte obciążenia odpowiadały wartościom oddziaływań, wyznaczonym na etapie projektowania elewacji wieżowca, przy czym oddziaływania wiatru były weryfikowane uzupełniającymi badaniami w tunelu aerodynamicznym. Przeprowadzono również badania materiałowe stali nierdzewnej, mające na celu określenie rzeczywistych parametrów wytrzymałościowych zastosowanego materiału. Badania przeprowadzono bezpośrednio przed rozpoczęciem realizacji konstrukcji fasady budynku. Wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wykorzystano do walidacji modelu numerycznego odwzorowującego badany fragment elewacji Trójwymiarowy model zbudowano z wykorzystaniem metody elementów skończonych co pozwoliło na odpowiednie odwzorowanie zarówno geometrii, parametrów materiałowych jak i zachowania się analizowanego fragmentu elewacji. Szczególny nacisk położono w artykule na określenie charakterystyki pracy konstrukcji wsporczej elewacji w kontekście odkształceń plastycznych stali nierdzewnej oraz wynikające stąd mechanizmy zniszczenia elementów tej konstrukcji. W tym celu przeprowadzono badania materiałowe stali nierdzewnej w celu określenia parametrów takich jak granica proporcjonalności i granica plastyczności. W artykule wskazano na specyficzny charakter pracy wsporników konstrukcji wsporczej przy uwzględnieniu występowania odkształceń plastycznych charakterystycznych dla stali nierdzewnej. W pracy przedstawiono też mechanizm zniszczenia badanego fragmentu elewacji w przypadku jego przeciążenia.

18

Investigation of joining mechanism of electrical-assist friction stir joining between polyethylene (PE) and 316 stainless steel

Derazkola Hamed Aghajani, Kordani Naser, Abokheili Rasool Mohammadi

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e199, 2022

EN

In this study, the Polyethylene (PE) polymer and 316 stainless steel textiles lap welded by the electrical-assist friction stir joining (EA-FSJ) technique. Effects of stirring action of tool and electrical current heat on joining mechanism between PE sheets and 316 stainless steel are investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate of internal material flow. To study the bonding mechanism in joint line, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were employed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyze of PE structure after welding. The results show that the joining mechanism in this joint consists of chemical bonding and mechanical locking between 316 stainless steel and PE. The presence of extra heat by electrical current decreased the strength of steel during the welding process and consequently increased chemical bonding and mechanical joining. The final joint flexural and tensile strength were increased by 9 and 10%, respectively, comparing PE raw sheet. The electrical heat increases the PE softening front of the tool and decreases joint thinning after the welding procedure. The mixing between PE and 316 stainless steel fragments increases the stir zone hardness near 84 ShoreD.

19

Friction spot extrusion brazing of copper to AISI 304 stainless steel with Zn interlayer: effect of shoulder surface modification

Bai Jing, Paidar Moslem, Mehrez Sadok, Ojo Olatunji Oladimeji, Nasution Mahyuddin Khairuddin Matyuso, Zain Azlan Mohd

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 2

art. no. e62, 1--15

EN

The friction spot extrusion brazing of Cu and AISI 304 stainless plates was carried out with a pure Zn interlayer medium to prevent Cu-Fe reaction by changing the tool shoulder surfaces from smooth to scrolled shoulder. The metallurgical and mechanical characterizations and fracture behaviors of the as-welded joints were studied. The change in tool shoulder surface had no significant effect on the chemical composition and the formation of interlocked or the plastically deformed material flow zone of the joint at an unchanged processing parameter setting. The kernel average misorientation fraction, high angle grain boundaries, and dislocation density are slightly higher at the stir zone of the smooth shoulder-produced welds owing to the higher heat input in the scroll shoulder-produced counterparts. The change of the tool from a smooth shoulder to a scroll shoulder tool produced a slightly more flash (non-uniform), increased peak temperature (409-459°C), caused a rise in the average grains (6.58-7.73 μm) and promoted the fracture load (1359-2249 N) of the welds. Because there is no upper sheet bulging-induced interfacial gap at the brazed zone the tensile result of the scroll shoulder-produced joint has improved.

20

Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of spark plasma sintered stainless steel 316L matrix composites with zirconium diboride in sulfuric acid

Stępień Michał, Sulima Iwona, Hyjek Paweł, Kowalik Remigiusz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 3

art. no. e127

EN

The infuence of the zirconium diboride content and the method of initial material preparation on the corrosion properties of the composite on the 316L stainless steel matrix were determined. The powders were prepared in a Turbula mixer and a planetary mill. The corrosion properties were estimated on the basis of electrochemical tests, including open-circuit potential measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The presence of the ceramic phase changes the corrosion resistance of the tested materials due to porosity, which afects the corrosion mechanism. The standard potentiodynamic tests do not reveal poor corrosion resistance of porous materials, and only 24 h tests reveal accurate corrosion resistance of composite materials. Composites cannot go into a stable passive state because of the penetration of electrolytes into the pores and tend to oxidize systematically. 24-h corrosion tests indicate that samples prepared in a planetary mill show better corrosion resistance than those prepared in a Turbula mixer.