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From a test case to a trusted tool: Lithuania’s evolving SWAT system for water and agricultural management

Plunge Svajunas, Piniewski Mikołaj

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2024

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Vol. 33, No. 2

115--130

EN

Lithuania’s development of the river modelling system (RMS) exemplifies an institutional development and application of integrated modelling for water and agricultural management. What started as a test case, continued to develop focusing on environmental compliance with the EU regulations. Currently, the RMS is a part of decision-making. By incorporating the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model and comprehensive data sources, the system facilitates in-depth analysis and policy formulation. Applications in water management plans, pollution assessments, and climate change studies demonstrate the reliability of RMS. Despite data quality and skill retention challenges, institutional commitment and collaboration ensure the RMS’s persistence. This experience emphasizes the value of sustained investment in integrated modelling systems for achieving sustainable environmental governance and signifies Lithuania’s shift towards data driven green transition practices.

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Water Quality Assessment in the Ibër River Basin (Kosovo) Using Macroinvertebrate and Benthic Diatom Indices

Buçinca Andonita, Bilalli Astrit, Ibrahimi Halil, Slavevska-Stamenković Valentina, Mitić-Kopanja Danijela, Hinić Jelena, Grapci-Kotori Linda

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

63--72

EN

The freshwater ecosystems in Kosovo have undergone significant degradation in recent years due to various anthropogenic pressures, including sewage effluents, industrial discharge, water intakes, and riverbed degradation. Consequently, the populations of freshwater biota, including bioindicators, have been heavily impacted by these activities. This study provides a thorough evaluation of water quality in the main course and tributaries of the Ibër Basin, Kosovo, utilizing macroinvertebrates and benthic diatoms as bioindicators. The well-being of aquatic ecosystems is intricately tied to water quality, and these organisms serve as valuable indicators because of their sensitivity to environmental changes. Sampling of macroinvertebrates and diatoms was conducted at 20 stations in the basin. Diversity, abundance, and ecological indices obtained from macroinvertebrates and benthic diatoms were employed to assess the water quality status at various sampling sites. The findings indicate variations in macroinvertebrate and benthic diatom assemblages among different sites, reflecting anthropogenic impacts on water quality in most of the studies sites. The macrozoobenthos structure during this investigation consists of one class (Gastropoda), two subclasses (Hirudinea and Oligochaeta), eight orders (Diptera, Isopoda, Coleoptera, Amphipoda, Decapoda, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Plecoptera), and 26 families. The composition of diatoms includes 152 species, with the most diverse genera being Nitzschia Hassall 1845 (29 species), Navicula Bory, 1822 (18 species), and Gomphonema Ehrenberg, 1832 (9 species). The integration of biological and environmental data provides a holistic understanding of the ecological health of freshwater ecosystems of the Ibër Basin indicating severe deterioration at several of the study sites. The outcomes of this study can help develop informed water resource management strategies, facilitating targeted conservation and remediation efforts to improve and preserve the overall water quality in the basin. This research contributes to the broader field of freshwater ecology and underscores the significance of using bioindicators for effective water quality monitoring and management.

3

Wpływ zmiany klimatu na przyszłość zasobów wodnych w Polsce

Kundzewicz Zbigniew

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 1

15--19

PL

W artykule zawarto analizę wpływu zmiany klimatu na przyszłość zasobów wodnych w Polsce. Przedstawiono mechanizmy dawnych zmian klimatu oraz omówiono obserwacje obecnie zachodzącej zmiany klimatu i projekcje na przyszłość. Zmiana klimatu wpływa na zaostrzenie trzech kategorii problemów wodnych w Polsce, związanych z nadmiarem, niedoborem i złą jakością wody. Zmiana klimatu jest więc dodatkowym czynnikiem komplikującym już istniejące problemy, które musi rozwiązać gospodarka wodna. Gospodarka wodna wymaga racjonalnego układu instytucjonalnego, dobrych i stabilnych regulacji prawnych oraz mądrych decyzji politycznych. Pokazano szereg istniejących niedostatków w tym względzie, które pilnie wymagają przemyślenia.

EN

The article constitutes an analysis of the impact of the climate change on the future of water resources of Poland. It presents mechanisms of past climate changes and discusses observations related to the current climate change process and forecasts for the future. The climate change contributes to the exacerbation of three categories of water problems in Poland, namely those related to the excess, shortage and poor quality of water. The climate change constitutes therefore an additional factor complicating the already existing problems to be solved by water management. Water management requires rational institutional system, good and stable legal regulations and wise political decisions. The author presents a series of shortcomings in this regard, to be urgently reflected upon.

4

Zdalne monitorowanie sieci wodociągowej

Wołoszyn Łukasz

Forum Eksploatatora

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2024

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Nr 2 (127)

71

5

Assessment and Future Climate Dynamics in the Bouregreg Basin, Morocco – Impacts and Adaptation Alternatives

Ouharba El Houssaine, Mabrouki Jamal, Triqui Zine El Abidine

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

51--63

EN

The hydrological regimes of all Moroccan basins are characterized by significant inter-annual variability, with alternating wet and dry years, interspersed with periods of intense hydrology or severe drought. Most watersheds are short of water. Climate change and the increasing frequency of severe events, particularly sudden drops in precipitation and widespread drought, are likely to exacerbate this situation. Like the severe drought years that hit Morocco from 1980 to 1985, 1990 to 1995, 1998 to 2002, 2011 and 2015 to 2020, the threat of drought still hangs over the country. During these years, almost all watersheds experienced water shortages, leading to overexploitation of groundwater. The aim of this research is to explain the climate of the Bouregreg watershed and the effects of climate change on its water resources. In order to preserve a more sustainable environment for future generations, it is crucial to assess the vulnerability of this area and the possible effects of climate change on hydrology. The results find after treatment of data confirmed previous research concerning the increase in temperatures and the decrease in precipitation which has been carried out in northern Morocco. RCPS scenarios (2.6; 4.5 and 8.5) shows that the research region will become dry. Getting from 0.8 to 1.3°C on an annual basis is planned for the 1920s and 2030s, as well as a modest increase in the frequency of days with summer waves.

6

Agricultural Practices and their Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems – A Mini-Review

Albou El Mostapha, Abdellaoui Mohamed, Abdaoui Abdellali, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

321--331

EN

This mini-review delved into the intricate interplay between agricultural practices and aquatic environments, highlighting the global imperative to enhance water quality. Drawing insights from diverse sources, it underscored the complex web linking water management and agriculture with the health of aquatic ecosystems. The expansion and intensification of agriculture have led to widespread fertilizer and pesticide use, impacting the water quality of groundwater, rivers, lakes, and marine habitats. Large-scale irrigation systems, while vital for food security, have inadvertently contributed to land and water salinity issues. As agricultural activities intensify, they often alter aquatic ecosystems, affecting aquatic fauna and overall ecosystem functioning. The sustainable use of chemicals and organic farming practices is paramount to mitigating environmental and ecological impacts. In the context of global changes, the adoption of ecologically based agricultural management strategies holds promise for enhancing sustainability and reducing the off-site consequences. The mini-review emphasized that integrated water resource management, advanced agricultural practices, and rigorous regulation are essential for tackling the critical water quality and quantity challenges linked to agriculture.

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Water legislation in India as priority aspect of water resources management

Ali Irfan

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2024

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Vol. 71

47--66

EN

Effective water resource management is contingent on sound water legislation, which plays a crucial role in shaping worldwide water management strategies. The objective of this review is to analyze water policies and legislation in India, and pinpoint issues in water policy implementation and management. Additionally, the review includes an examination of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to explore the differences between European water legislation assumptions and water management, which can aid in adapting certain EU assumptions to Indian legislation. India faces urgent water-related problems due to inadequate water resource management in individual states and nationwide, which can be mitigated by implementing coherence in water policies and collaborating with policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders from various economic sectors to enhance water governance strategies. Comparative analysis revealed that the European Water Framework Directive adopts a more specific and integrated approach, supported by precise legal regulation, wideranging stakeholder involvement, and investments in technology and infrastructure to achieve its set water management goals. In contrast, the Indian water legislation framework lacks a systemic approach, and the main gap lies in the inconsistency between national and state water legislation and the lack of proper coordination between the state and central governments. Unifying legal regulations at the national and state levels in cooperation with responsible legislative and executive institutions at appropriate governmental levels can help solve water management problems and achieve set goals.

8

Efficiency of the Installation to Treatment of Outflow from the Hybrid Constructed Wetland System and Possibility of Reuse of Treated Wastewater in the Household

Myka-Raduj Anna, Siwiec Tadeusz, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila, Raduj Waldemar, Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 4

296--311

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the operation of a novel installation for treating the outflow from a hybrid constructed wetland system and the possibility of domestic wastewater reuse. The study was carried out in 2022-2023 at a facility located in the Polesie National Park (PNP) in Poland. The analyzed installation for the treatment of wastewater discharged from the constructed wetland system is located in the basement of a single-family building and consists of a filtration system including: yarn, spun and carbon filters, and a UV lamp. In turn, the hybrid constructed wetland system from which the treated wastewater is recycled to the building consists of a 2-chamber primary settling tank and a system of two VF-HF type beds with common reed and willow. During the study period (October 2022 to December 2023), 14 series of analyses were performed, during which the values of selected physico-chemical and microbiological indicators were determined in the collected samples of treated wastewater. On the basis of the performed tests, it was found that the analyzed system provided an average efficiency of reduction of total suspended solids and BOD5 at 46.8 and 45.8%, respectively. Smaller effects were obtained for the reduction of COD (22.7%), total nitrogen (4.9%) and total phosphorus (16.3%). In contrast, the average reduction effects of microbiological indicators were very high, amounting to 92.7 and 97.1% for Escherichia coli and enteroccocus bacteria, respectively. The study showed that the effluent flowing out of the hybrid constructed wetland system after treatment in the analyzed installation could be reused for toilet flushing or green watering, as it usually did not contain microbiological contaminants. It was determined that the recycled treated wastewater could replace, on average, 18.7% of the good-quality water supplied by the mains water supply in the studied household.

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Water agricultural management based on hydrology using machine learning techniques for feature extraction and classification

Lin Yi-Chia, Alorfi Almuhannad Sulaiman, Hasanin Tawfiq, Arumugam Mahendran, Alroobaea Roobaea, Alsafyani Majed, Alghamdi Wael Y.

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 3

1945--1955

EN

For irrigation in agriculture, water is a natural resource. Recycling water use is vital for the sustainable development of ecological environment and for resource conservation. Different substances that are thought to be pollutants and contribute to the deterioration of water quality are present in the wastewater from daily life and industrial activity. This research propose novel method in agricultural water management using feature extraction as well as classification based on DL methods. Inputs are collected as agriculture field water management as well as processed for noise removal, normalization and smoothening. Processed input data features are extracted utilizing kernel convolutional component analysis network. The extracted features has been classified using Quadratic reinforcement NN. Experimental analysis are carried out in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, positive predictive value, RMSE and mAP. Proposed technique attained accuracy of 92%, precision of 86%, recall of 65%, positive predictive value of 71%, RMSE of 55%, MAP of 51%.

10

Aquatic ecosystem-based water management in agriculture project by data analytics using classification by deep learning techniques

Anuradha Tadiparthi, Sen Sanjay Kumar, Tamilarasi Kathirvel Murugan, Haleem Sulaima Lebbe Abdul, Abdul-Samad Zulkiflee, Anupong Wongchai

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 3

2059--2069

EN

Over the past few decades, irrigation using groundwater has increased significantly. It has significant effects on local to regional climates as well as terrestrial energy fluxes, food production, and water availability. High cost of metering equipment installation as well as maintenance, privacy concerns, and existence of unregistered or illegal wells make it difficult to monitor irrigation water use on a large scale. This study suggests a unique approach to DL-based feature extraction and categorization for ecosystem-based water management in agricultural fields. Agriculture field water analysis data were used as the input in this instance, which was subsequently processed for noise removal, smoothing, and normalisation. Particle swarm-based convolutional architecture has been used to extract the processed data feature. Back regressive propagation based on incentive Q-learning is used to classify the extracted features. Experimental analysis has been carried out in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-1 score, RMSE and mAPE. Proposed technique obtained accuracy of 92%, precision of 78%, recall of 83%, F_1 score of 76%, RMSE of 55% and MAPE of 57%.

11

Idea miasta gąbki

Mielicki Krzysztof

Zieleń Miejska

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2023

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Nr 1

12--15

PL

O tym, że natura – odkąd istnieje nasz gatunek – nie wybacza błędów w skali mikro i makro, przekonało się wielu ludzi. Obecnie, gdy światowa populacja przekroczyła oszałamiającą liczbę 8 mld osób, konsekwencje ludzkich błędów dotykają nas w masowej i globalnej skali. Doświadczyli tego Chińczycy, którzy zareagowali na to wdrażaniem koncepcji tzw. miasta gąbki.

12

Zarządzanie ryzykiem w zaopatrzeniu w wodę - czy rządowy projekt transpozycji dyrektywy 2020/2184 jest zgodny z międzynarodowymi standardami i wymogami?

Zimoch Izabela, Mulik Barbara

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 2 (80)

72-76

13

Zakres uprawnień kontrolnych PGW Wody Polskie - zagadnienia wybrane

Kurkus Maria

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 1 (79)

62-63

PL

Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie w ostatnim czasie kieruje wezwania do przedsiębiorstw wodociągowo-kanalizacyjnych z prośbą o informacje, w szczególności dotyczące warunków wykonywania działalności w zakresie zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę i zbiorowego odprowadzania ścieków. Istotne jest to, czy organ regulacyjny od powiędnie formułuje swoje wezwania, a także powstaje dylemat czy spółki wodociągowo-kanalizacyjne są zobowiązane do przekazywania Wodom Polskim wyłącznie posiadanej dokumentacji, czy też mają obowiązek jej dodatkowego sporządzenia w związku z otrzymywanymi wezwaniami.

14

Wyzwania małych przedsiębiorstw wodociągowo-kanalizacyjnych

Ramm Klara

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 2 (80)

69-71

15

Gospodarka wodna dla małych społeczności Regionu Arktycznego na przykładzie osady Itileq (Grenlandia)

Pruss Agata Magdalena

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 4 (82)

66-72

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A proposed quantitative method for assessing the impact of river regulation on its hydromorphological status

Kiraga Marta J., Markiewicz Anna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

98--106

EN

Changes in river channel morphological parameters are influenced by anthropogenic factors, such as climatic changes, river catchment management changes, and hydrotechnical development of rivers. To assess the intensity of individual pressures and the resulting changes in abiotic and biotic factors in the riverbed, water quality monitoring is conducted, including the assessment of the hydromorphological status. The assessment can be based on the River Habitat Survey (RHS) which is a synthetic method that includes the evaluation of habitat character and river quality based on their morphological structure. The input data, which characterise any river include physical features of hydrotechnical structures, bed granulation, occurrence of bedforms, visible morphodynamic phenomena, and a sediment transport pattern. The RHS method allows to determine two quantitative indices used to evaluate the hydromorphological status: Habitat Modification Score (HMS), which determines the extent of transformation in the morphology of a watercourse, and Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA), which is based on the presence and diversity of natural elements in a watercourse and river valley. The proposed method can be divided into three stages. The first assesses the river section hydromorphological indices, describing the degree of technical modification (HMS) and the ecological quality of the reach (HQA), using the RHS method. The second stage describes morphological changes resulting from the technical regulation and estimates indices for the regulated reach. Finally, we compare HQA and HMS indices before and after the regulation. This comparison is described by numerical indicators and related to reference values.

17

Multi-criteria analysis of the possibility of retrofitting the system of rainwater drainage from subsidence basins in a liquidated mine

Chmiela Andrzej, Wysocka Małgorzata, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 4

295--307

EN

Mine closure is the natural final stage of mining activity. The process of financing mine liquidation is complex and expensive. The many years of conducted hard coal extraction affect the surface height differences. Analyses of the shifts in hydrogeological conditions and water hazard states in mining plants led to legal regulation adaptations, primarily in terms of hydrogeological documentation preparation, and made it necessary to conduct work concerning new options for water hazard assessment and prevention. Current subjects of particular interest include shifts in terrain morphology and the water regime, resulting in periodic flooding and permanent flooding of the most depressed areas as well as changes in the directions and intensity of surface water flows. This publication presents a multi-criteria analysis of the possibility of reducing the liquidation costs of an inactive mine through the retrofitting of the existing system of rainwater drainage from subsidence basins. The analysis revealed the primary factors disrupting the course of the drainage process and the problems resulting from them. Technically feasible solutions is presented, together with their assessment. Applying the multi-criteria analysis made it possible to select optimal solutions from a group of proposed technical system retrofitting variants.

18

Identification of Homogeneous Regions of Specific Minimum Flows in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Basso Raviel, Santana Kássia, Honório Michelle, Costa Isabella, Leitão Sanderson, Albuquerque Antonio, Scalize Paulo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

357--367

EN

Hydrological information is essential for adequate water resources management as well as for water supply, energy supply, water allocation, among other services. However, this information does not always exist in quantity and quality to be used in hydrological or water management studies, and alternative methods are required to estimate minimum flows. Estimation based on homogeneous regions enables to transfer observation data from a known location to a location without data, but in the same region. Since the fluviometric stations in the state of Goiás (Brazil) are not uniformly distributed, the present work aimed at delimiting homogeneous regions of minimum flows, using the cluster grouping method with the K-means algorithm.Thus, 71 fluviometric stations with at least 5 years of continuous data were selected, obtained from the HIDROWEB system. In addition to the observed data, other variables were considered, such as drainage area, perimeter, specific minimum flows Q7,10, Q90, Q95 and average slope. The use of all these variables together with the observed data made it possible to determine,with great accuracy, 5 homogeneous regions of minimum flows based on the cluster analysis, enabling to obtain the minimum flows of reference for each region.In the selected homogeneous regions, it was possible to observe that the regions with the highest values of average slope presented smaller minimum flows, and the same could be observed under inverse conditions, i.e., lower values of average slope had higher minimum flows.It is also noteworthy that river monitoring is deficient in the center-south and center-north parts of the state of Goiás, making water resources management difficult. This fact indicates, therefore, the need to expand the river monitoring system throughout the state, especially in its southern and northern regions.

19

Wody deszczowe w kontekście rozwoju terenów zurbanizowanych – cz. II

Rejek Wiktor, Drewnowski Jakub

Inżynier Budownictwa

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2023

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nr 11

67--71

20

Wstrzymanie działalności zakładu lub jego części z uwagi na zaniedbania w zakresie gospodarki wodnej

Gruszecki Krzysztof

Gospodarka Wodna

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2023

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Nr 11

18--22

PL

Najprostszym sposobem ograniczenia negatywnego oddziaływania na środowisko jest zaprzestanie prowadzenia działalności przez podmiot korzystający ze środowiska. Nałożenie takiego obowiązku musi być jednak obwarowane rozwiązaniami gwarantującymi, że jest to rzeczywiście niezbędne do wyeliminowania zagrożeń. W polskim systemie ochrony środowiska rozwiązania mogące stanowić podstawę do nałożenia takiego obowiązku rozproszone są w różnych aktach prawnych. Dlatego też w opracowaniu tym omówione zostały relacje pomiędzy przepisami prawa mogącymi stanowić podstawę wstrzymania działalności podmiotu korzystającego ze środowiska. Przedmiotem szczegółowych rozważań jest natomiast możliwość nałożenia na podstawie art. 343 ust. 1 i 2 ustawy z dnia 20 lipca 2017 r. Prawo wodne (Dz.U. z 2022 r., poz. 2625 z późn. zm.) obowiązku wstrzymania działalności zakładu w przypadku wystąpienia stanu zagrażającego życiu lub zdrowiu ludzi, zwierząt lub środowisku albo prawnie chronionemu interesowi osób trzecich do czasu ich usunięcia. Omówione zostały przesłanki uzasadniające nałożenie obowiązku wstrzymania prowadzonej działalności oraz formy procesowe, w jakich może to mieć miejsce. Ponadto omówiono przesłanki uzasadniające ponowne podjęcie wstrzymanej działalności. Zaproponowano także rozwiązania porządkujące, mogące poprawić skuteczność stosowania omawianych rozwiązań.

EN

The simplest method to mitigate the adverse impact of activity of an entity using the environment is to suspend its operations. Imposing such obligation needs however to be subject to solutions guaranteeing that it is essential in order to eliminate the threat. In the Polish environmental protection system, solutions that may be the basis for inflicting such obligation are scattered among different legal acts. This study discusses therefore relationships between different legal regulations that may constitute the grounds for suspending the operations of an entity using the environment. A detailed analysis is devoted to the possibility to inflict the suspension a plant's operations in the event of the occurrence of a threat to life of health of people, animals, environment or legally protected interest of third persons until it is eliminated, based on Article 343(1) and 343(2) of the Water Act of 20 July 2017 (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 2625 as amended). It discusses premises justifying imposition of the obligation to suspend the operations as well as procedural forms that it may take. It also discusses the premises for resuming the suspended activities. The author proposes some organizing solutions that may improve the effectiveness of application of the discussed solutions.