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1

The Use of Macroelements from Municipal Sewage Sludge by the Multiflora Rose and the Virginia fanpetals

Antonkiewicz J., Kołodziej B., Bielińska E. J., Gleń-Karolczyk K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 6

1--13

EN

Municipal sewage sludge contains many valuable nutrients which can be used in the cultivation of energy crops. Application of large doses of sewage sludge can be a cause of environmental pollution, especially with nutrients. The multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals are plants with high nutritional requirements. The use of municipal sewage sludge in the cultivation of energy crops will allow recycling the nutrients from this organic waste. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of macroelements from municipal sewage sludge by the multiflora rose var. "Jatar" (Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray) and the Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby). Four levels of sewage sludge fertilization were applied in the 6-year field experiment: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 Mg DM sludge ∙ ha-1. Sewage sludge was applied once before planting energy crops. Due to the low potassium content in sewage sludge, a single supplementary fertilization with 100 kg K ∙ ha-1 in the form of 40% potassium salt (KCl) was applied on each plot. The study involved the evaluation of the yield, uptake and use by energy plants of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na from sewage sludge. It was found that the increasing doses of sewage sludge significantly raised the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals biomass yields. The yield of the Virginia fanpetals was one and a half times higher than that of the multiflora rose. The increasing doses of sewage sludge significantly raised the contents and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na by these plants. The highest uptake of macronutrients by the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals crops was determined for 60 Mg DM ∙ ha-1 fertilization dose. The results show that the Virginia fanpetals used N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na from the sewage sludge to a greater extent than the multiflora rose. The analyses indicate that due to the greater yields, bioaccumulation and uptake of macronutrients, Virginia fanpetals is more effective in the ‘purification’ of the substrate from excess nutrients that may pose a threat to the environment.

2

Microencruster-microbial framework and synsedimentary cements in the Štramberk Limestone (Carpathians, Czech Republic) : Insights into reef zonation

Hoffmann M., Kołodziej B., Skupien P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 4

325--347

EN

The Štramberk Limestone (Tithonian–lower Berriasian) was developed on a northerly located, isolated intra-Tethyan carbonate platform. It is composed of various facies that can be observed in olistoliths and blocks embedded in the Cretaceous flysch of the Outer Carpathians in Moravia (Czech Republic). Corals, microbialites, microencrusters and synsedimentary cements contributed on various scales to the reef framework. The importance of corals and some microencrusters to the formation of the Štramberk reef complex is well recognized, while other components received less attention in previous studies. Two end members of boundstone types are described from the Kotouč Quarry, near Štramberk. Boundstone type A is dominated by phaceloid (branching-type) corals, encrusted by microbialites and microencrusters, in particular photophile species (“Lithocodium-Bacinella”, Koskinobullina socialis Cherchi et Schroeder, Iberopora bodeuri Granier et Berthou). Boundstone type B is composed of microencrusters, microbialites and synsedimentary isopachous fibrous cements, while corals are absent or subordinate. Microencrusters [Crescentiella morronensis (Crescenti), Labes atramentosa Eliášová, Perturbatacrusta leini Schlagintweit et Gawlick, Radiomura cautica Senowbari-Daryan et Schäfer, thin encrusting calcified sponges] are main biotic components of the microencruster-cement boundstone. Some identified microencrusters are known only or mostly from intra-Tethyan carbonate platforms. Except for C. morronensis, other common microencrusters in the coral-microbial boundstone (type A) are rare in the microencruster-cement boundstone (type B). The depositional setting of boundstone type A corresponds to a low-energy environment of an inner platform. Boundstone type B, until now not recognized in the Štramberk Limestone, was developed in a high-energy, upper fore-reef slope environment. Other important facies in the Kotouč Quarry are reef-derived breccias: matrix-supported breccia and clast-supported breccia with radiaxial-fibrous cement (showing some similarities to Triassic “evinosponges” cement), interpreted as being dominantly synsedimentary (pre-burial). The preliminary studies by the present authors, supported by observations under cathodoluminescence, highlight the significance of synsedimentary cementation for the formation of a boundstone framework (type B) and the stabilization of fore-reef, slope deposits.

3

Projekt EMRP JRP ENV07 Metrologia dla meteorologii zakończony

Szmyrka-Grzebyk A., Grudniewicz E., Grykałowska A., Kowal A., Kołodziej B., Wełna A., Kozicki M., Wiśniewska B.

Metrologia i Probiernictwo : biuletyn Głównego Urzędu Miar

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2014

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nr 4 (7)

34--39

PL

W związku z obserwowanymi zmianami klimatu Światowa Organizacja Meteorologiczna (WMO) podjęła decyzję o przystąpieniu w 2010 r. do międzynarodowego porozumienia CIPM MRA. Spodziewanym efektem tego porozumienia jest poprawa oceny parametrów klimatu poprzez poprawę wiarygodności wyników pomiaru i związanych z nimi niepewności. Projekt JRP ENV07 MeteoMet, realizowany w ramach Europejskiego Programu Badawczo-Rozwojowego w Dziedzinie Metrologii, jest odpowiedzią na to wyzwanie. Projekt koncentruje się na spójności pomiarów parametrów klimatu. W artykule przedstawiono genezę projektu, główne zagadnienia, jakim był on poświęcony oraz omówiono udział polskich instytucji zaangażowanych w realizację projektu.

EN

The observed changes in climate led to the participation of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in an international agreement of the CIPM MRA. The expected result of an agreement, signed by the WMO in 2010, is to improve the assessment of climate parameters by improving the reliability of the measurement results and associated uncertainties. The project JRP ENV07 MeteoMet, implemented within the European Metrology Research Programme, is the answer to this challenge. The project is focused on the measurement traceability of climate parameters. The paper presents the genesis of the project, the main issues dedicated to the project as well as is discussed the participation of Polish institutions involved in the project.

4

Problemy z realizacją punktu potrójnego argonu

Kołodziej B., Manuszkiewicz H., Lipiński L., Szmyrka-Grzebyk A.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2013

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R. 59, nr 5

441--444

PL

Punkt potrójny argonu o temperaturze T90 = 83,8058 K jest definicyjnym punktem stałym Międzynarodowej Skali Temperatury z 1990 roku. W pracy opisano problemy z którymi musi zmierzyć się projektant i konstruktor stanowiska wzorcowego, wynikające z wytrzymałości materiałów konstrukcyjnych i kształtu termometrów platynowych oraz z konieczności utrzymywania stabilnych i odtwarzalnych warunków cieplnych w kriostacie. Rozwiązanie tych problemów umożliwiło osiągnięcie pożądanych parametrów metrologicznych opisanego urządzenia.

EN

The argon triple point temperature T90 = 83.8058 K is one of fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990. This paper describes some problems faced by a designer and a constructor of a system for realization of the fixed point, shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 2. These problems are: appropriate size and shape of the thermometric cell with argon, mechanical strength of materials used for the cell construction, ensuring good thermal contact with the platinum reference thermometers of different construction – long stem and capsule type – and the argon inside the cell, as well as stable and reproducible thermal conditions in a cryostat. The influence of an adiabatic shield temperature and problems of the heat transfer through the thermometer well are also presented (Figs. 3, 4 and 5). Solving these problems enabled to achieve the desired metrological parameters of this system. A thermal width of the phase transition plateau achieved in the described apparatus is lower than 300 μK (Fig. 6). The plateau can be maintained for more than 20 hours. The system is used for calibration of the SPRTs and CSPRTs in the triple point of argon with the standard uncertainty u less than 1 mK (for k = 1).

5

Prolific development of pachythecaliines in Late Barremian, Bulgaria: coral taxonomy and sedimentary environment

Kołodziej B., Ivanov M., Idakieva V.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 4

291–-330

EN

Diversified and abundant corals of the suborder Pachythecaliina (order Hexanthiniaria) are described from Upper Barremian, biostromal reefs of the Emen Formation, Lovech Urgonian Group, north central Bulgaria. The corals are mostly of the phaceloid growth form and represent 14 species (six new), 12 genera (three new), belonging to five families. Pachythecaliines occur with the small, monopleurid cylindrical rudist Mathesia darderi. The rudists frequently are densely clustered, occur between coral branches or are in contact with them. Other corals, with the exception of the phaceloid Calamophylliopsis, and other rudists, are rare. Non-laminated microbialite crusts provided additional, structural support for bioconstruction development. Microbialites (automicrites) can be interpreted as a product of microbial activity, or alternatively, as a result of carbonate precipitation, brought about by non-living organic substrates (organomineralization s.s.). In addition to microbialites, metazoans are encrusted by heterotrophic skeletal microorganisms, while photophilic and oligotrophic microencrusters, usually common in other coral-bearing limestones of the Emen Formation, are very rare. The section at the Rusalya Quarry (NW of Veliko Tarnovo), about 42 m thick, provides the sedimentary and environmental context for the reefal biostromes. The vertical biotic and sedimentary succession displays a general shallowing trend: from the outer carbonate platform with bioclastic limestones containing small boundstone patches (corals, but not pachythecaliines, Lithocodium aggregatum), to the inner platform with rudist biostromes. The pachythecaliine-rich biostromes, 2.5 m thick, were developed in a low-energy environment, referred to the distal part of the rudist-dominated area of the platform. The development of microbialites was facilitated by a low sedimentation rate, and possibly by increased nutrient level. Only poorly diversified and non-phaceloid pachythecaliines occur in other coral-rich limestones and marls of the Urgonian complex in Bulgaria. The assemblage described is the most remarkable, Early Cretaceous coral community worldwide, with regard to pachythecaliines. Phaceloid pachythecaliines are only more common in the Upper Jurassic rocks, being particularly diversified in the Tithonian–Lower Berriasian Štramberk Limestone (Czech Republic) and its equivalent in the Polish Outer Carpathians. However, their sedimentary context differs from that described for the corals of the Emen Formation.

6

Potrzeba wsparcia psychologicznego ratowników medycznych w kontekście wsparcia psychologicznego funkcjonariuszy policji i straży pożarnej

Kołodziej B.

Journal of Ecology and Health

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2011

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R. 15, nr 1

35-38

PL

Stres związany z pracą zawodową oznacza szereg strat dla dotkniętych tym problemem osób, ich bliskich i pracodawców. Dlatego istotne jest przeciwdziałanie bądź minimalizowanie stresu. Niemniej problemem bywają nie tylko uwarunkowania związane z miejscem pracy, ale i negatywne postawy pracowników wobec zagadnienia skutków stresu, podobnie jak wobec leczenia psychiatrycznego. Uznanie stresu za problem zawodowy i za czynnik oddziaływujący na każdego pracownika, a nie tylko na słabsze jednostki, jest procesem wymagającym dłuższego czasu. Dotyczy to m.in. zawodów związanych z krajowym systemem ratowniczo-gaśniczym, tj. funkcjonariuszy policji, straży pożarnej i ratowników medycznych. W strukturach policji i straży pożarnej uwzględniono już miejsce dla psychologów, natomiast w innej sytuacji pozostają ratownicy medyczni. Związkowcy reprezentujący środowisko są skoncentrowani na innym - ich zdaniem poważniejszym problemie, tj. prywatyzacji ratownictwa, podczas gdy brak bezpośredniego dostępu do psychologa uznają za problem drugorzędny. Na ile jest to podejście słuszne? Czy kwestie te nie powinny być rozpatrywane równocześnie? Czy prywatyzacja będzie sprzyjała organizacji pomocy psychologicznej ratownikom…?

EN

The stress which work gives means that many people touched by this problem, their families and the employers lose a lot. That's why it is very important to neutralize the stress. However, the problem usually is not just the place of work but the workers' negative point of view about the consequences of stress and psychiatric treatment. To accept that the stress is a professed problem and that it touches everyone, not only the weaker ones is a process which is going to need a lot of time. It touches the policemen, firemen and life-savers, as well. There is already a place for psychologists in the police and guard department, but there's still no place for them in live-savers department. The presenters of their society are concentrated on another - as they think, more important problem - which is privatizing rescuing, and the lack of psychologists they take as the secondary problem. Is it fair and right to think this way? Shouldn't those questions be done together? Will privatizing of the be favorable to life-savers?

7

Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na strukturę, właściwości mechaniczne i odporność korozyjną stali martenzytycznej X5CrNiCuNb16-4

Bielanik J., Kołodziej B.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2010

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nr 2

93-100

PL

Podczas grzania i chłodzenia stali martenzytycznych zachodzą przemiany fazowe umożliwiające kształtowanie ich struktury i właściwości użytkowych. Znajomość temperatury przemian: (α'→ γ)p, (α' → γ)k, MS, i Mf, a także wpływu procesów cieplnych na skład fazowy i strukturę stali stanowi podstawę przy opracowywaniu technologii wytwarzania części maszyn. Celem badań było wyznaczenie temperatury przemian zachodzących podczas grzania i chłodzenia stali martenzytycznej X5CrNiCuNb16-4 oraz określenie wpływu parametrów grzania na jej skład fazowy, właściwości mechaniczne i odporność korozyjną. W zależności od temperatury grzania zmienia się udział austenitu w strukturze w zakresie 30-50%, granica plastyczności R0,2 w przedziale 680-1120 MPa, udarność KU2 od 15 do 180 J oraz znacząca skłonność do korozji ogólnej w roztworach kwasu siarkowego i korozji wżerowej w roztworach zawierających chlorki.

EN

The heat treatment applied in the process of the production of machine parts from X5CrNiCuNb16-4 martensitic steel can significantly alter structure, phase composition, mechanical proprieties, and the corrosion resistance of articles. The heating of steel in a hardening state to a temperature 450°C results in consolidation causing an increase in the yield point from 750 to 1120 MPa, and it decreases the KU2 impact strength from 84 to 15 J. Raising the temperature to 550°C decreases the austenite by 40% to 30% in the structure of the steel, and the yield point diminishes to 1000 MPa, and the KU2 impact strength increases to 83 J. In relation to the hardening state, the tempered steel at 550°C shows a significant increase in the yield point, which accompanies a decrease in general corrosion resistance. The tempering of X5CrNiCuNb16-4 martensitic steel at 650°C increases structural austenite to about 50%, lowering the R0,2 yield point to 680 MPa and significantly changes its vulnerability to general corrosion in sulphuric acid solutions, and to pitting corrosion in chloride solutions.

8

Injection dykes as evidence of Campanian synsedimentary tectonics on the Kraków Swell, southern Poland

Kołodziej B., Szulc J., Machaniec E., Kędzierski M., Duda M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2010

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Vol. 80, No 3

285-301

EN

The topmost part of the Oxfordian limestones, building the Zakrzówek Horst in Kraków, is featured by a network of minute fissures, filled with Upper Cretaceous limestones. Fissures are dominantly subhorizontal, anastomosing and polygonal in plane. They are filled with white limestones representing mostly foraminiferal- calcisphere wackestones, with subordinate amount of quartz pebbles and fragments of stromatolite coming from the latest Turonian-?Early Coniacian conglomerate overlying Oxfordian basement. The fissures are seismically- induced injection dykes. In contrast to gravitationally-filled neptunian dykes the recognised injection dykes were filled by overpressured soft sediments. Foraminifera within some dykes are abundant, and dominated by planktonic forms, which indicate the Early/Late Campanian age (Globotruncana ventricosa and Globotruncanita calcarata zones) of the filling, and hence date also the synsedimentary tectonics. Abundant and diversified keeled globo- truncanids in the Campanian of the Kraków region are recognised for the first time. Other important findings at the studied section include karstic cavities featuring the surface of the Oxfordian bedrock filled with conglomerates of the latest Turonian-?Early Coniacian age based on foraminifera and nannoplankton, and lack of Santonian deposits, which elsewhere are common in the Upper Cretaceous sequences in the Kraków region. The discovered Campanian dykes provide new evidence for the Late Cretaceous tectonic activity on the Kraków Swell related to the Subhercynian tectonism, which resulted among others in stratigraphic hiatuses and unconformities characte- ristic of the Turonian-Santonian interval of this area.

9

Zróżnicowanie facjalne wapieni typu sztramberskiego z polskich Karpat fliszowych

Hoffmann M., Kołodziej B.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2008

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T. 34, z. 3/1

176-177

10

Rola mikrobialitów, mikroinkrusterów oraz synsedymentacyjnych cementów w tworzeniu raf z wapieni typu sztramberskiego z Polski i Rumunii

Hoffmann M., Kołodziej B., Bucur I. I., Sasaran E.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2008

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T. 34, z. 3/1

178-179

11

Oxfordian to Valanginian palaeoenviron- mental evolution on the western Moesian Carbonate Platform: a case study from SW Bulgaria

Ivanova D., Kołodziej B., Koleva-Rekalova E., Roniewicz E.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2008

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Vol. 78, No 2

65-90

EN

Three sections (Rebro, Lyalintsi and Velinovo) of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbonate sequences from the Lyubash unit (Srednogorie, Balkanides, SW Bulgaria) have been studied for elucidation of biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental evolution. Palaeontological studies of foraminifera, supplemented by studies of calcareous dinoflagellate cysts and corals, enabled the determination of the Oxfordian-Valanginian age of the analysed sequences. They were deposited on the Dragoman Block (western part of the Moesian Platform), and during Mid-Late Cretaceous included to the Srednogorie. A possible Middle to Late Callovian age of the lowermost part (overlying the Bajocian-Lower Bathonian Polaten Formation) of the studied sections assumed till now has not been confirmed by the present studies. Eleven facies have been distinguished and attributed to depositional environments. Marine sedimentation on a homoclinal ramp started in the Oxfordian and till the Early Kimmeridgian - in all three sections - was dominated by fine-grained peloidal-bioclastic wackestones to grainstones. Since the Late Kimmeridgian, when a rimmed platform established, facies pattern underwent differentiation into (i) the inner platform (lagoon and tidal flat facies) - only in Velinovo, (ii) reef and peri-reef facies/bioclastic shoals - mainly in Lyalintsi, and (iii) platform slope - mainly in Rebro. Sedimentation generally displays a shallowing-upward trend. Two stages in evolution of the rimmed platform are postulated. The mobile stage lasting till the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary was followed by a more stable stage in the Berriasian to Valanginian time. Reefs are developed mainly as coral-microbial biostromes, lower coral bioherms or coral thickets, in the environment of moderate energy and sedimentation. They contain highly diversified corals (72 species). Micro- bialites contributed to the reef framework, but they never dominated. Locally, microencrusters and cement crusts formed important part of reefal framework. During the mobile stage of the platform evolution a relative sea-level rise interrupted reef development, as evidenced by intercalations of limestones with Saccocoma. During the second stage high carbonate production and/or regressive eustatic events, not balanced by subsidence, decreased accommodation space, limiting reef growth and enhancing carbonate export to distal parts of the platform.

12

The Muráň Limestone Member (Upper Hauterivian) of the Kościeliska Marl Formation, Polish Western Tatra Mts: dinocyst biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis

Gedl E., Kołodziej B., Uchman A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2007

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Vol. 127

119-137

EN

Dinocyst biostratigraphy adds new important data on the age of the Muráň Limestone Member of the Kościeliska Marl Formation in the Wściekły Żleb gully area, Polish Western Tatra Mts. Its early Late Hauterivian age is based on dinocysts indicative of the Canningia pistica (Capi) Interval Subzone of the Aprobolocysta eilema (Aie) Taxon Range Zone. This allows to correlate sedimentation of the Muráň Limestone Member with the Strážovce event recognized in the West Carpathians. As based on microfacies analysis, limestones of the Muráň Limestone Member (calcilutites and calcarenites developed as litho-bioclastic packstones and grainstones) represent distal parts of calciturbidites, which contain shallow-water bioclasts derived from a carbonate platform. The bioclasts include microproblematicum Pieninia oblonga, so far known from the Barremian to Eocene. Its stratigraphic range is thus extended down to the Late Hauterivian. Dinocyst age data allow to correlate the Muráň Limestone Member of the Western Tatra Mts with a lower part of the Muráň Limestone Formation in the Belanské Tatry Mts.

13

Biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental development of the Callovian-Valanginian carbonate platform from the Lyubash unit (SW Bulgaria)

Ivanova D., Koleva-Rekalova El, Kołodziej B., Metodiev L., Roniewicz E.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

174-175

EN

This study deals with the successions located in the Lyubash unit (SW Bulgaria), which represents a part of the Moesian Carbonate Platform in Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous time interval. According to the recent tectonic scheme of Bulgaria (Dabovski et al. 2002) the Lyubash unit belongs to Srednogorie tectonic zone of the Balkan orogenic system. Three sections have been sampled and studied – Rebro, Lyalintsi and Velinovo, which are built up by thick-bedded to massive light grey to whitish organogenic and micritic limestones of the Javorets, Gintsi and Slivnitsa formations. Detailed studies on foraminifera and calcareous dinocyst, provided new biostratigraphic data, and confirmed the Middle Callovian-Valanginian age of the examined sediments as assumed previously by Sapunov et al. (1985). Foraminifera are particularly abundant in the lagoon facies, and represented by genera: Globuligerina, Ophthalmidium, Cornuspira, Ammobaculites, Mesoendothyra, Labyrinthina, Kurnubia, Pseudocyclammina, Dobrogelina, Rumanoloculina, Hechtina, Meandrospira, Valvulina, Trocholina, and Neotrocholina. The sedimentological analysis allowed recognizing microfacies groups assigned to three facies zones: platform slope facies, reef and peri-reef facies and lagoon-tidal flat facies. The development of the platform is characterized by complex vertical and lateral alternation of the studied microfacies. Platform slope facies are prevalent at the section Rebro; the Lyalintsi section is dominated by reef and peri-reef facies, and the section Velinovo is mainly dominated by lagoon facies. Sea-level fluctuations are observed, however generally, a shallowing-upward trend in the platform evolution is observed in all three sections. Coral-microbial reefs are developed as biostromes, and contain numerous and highly differentiated scleractinian corals: 70 species (6 new) from 50 genera (4 new). Among them following corals are the most common: phacelloid Latomeandra, Stylosmilia, Thecosmilia, Cladophyllia, ramose Solenocoenia, Meandrophyllia, lameller Synastraea and Microsolena. Reef development has been disturbed by sea level rise, evidenced by limestones with Saccocoma, intercalated with coral biostromes.

14

Magnetic ordering processes in manganese(II) di(hydrogen malonate) dihydrate complex studied by ESR spectroscopy

Marczyński S., Typek J., Grech E., Kołodziej B.

Materials Science Poland

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2006

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Vol. 24, No. 4

1139--1144

EN

A new manganese complex of malonic acid CH2(COOH) 2źMnCO3źH2O was synthesized. Temperature dependence of the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of Mn(II) was investigated in the 4.2-295 K. temperature range. The obtained ESR spectra were successfully fitted by using a Lorentzian-shape function. The fitting revealed existence of about 2% of a spurious phase of the manganese(II) complex. Strong magnetic interactions have been observed in the investigated temperature range with expected magnetic phase transition at TN approximately equals 2.5 K. The integrated intensity, linewidth and resonance field of the ESR spectrum have shown that the spin dynamical fluctuations essentially influence the magnetic system. An anomalous behaviour of the ESR resonance field parameter has been observed below 100 K. and with decreasing temperature the resonance field shifted to higher magnetic fields.

15

Electron spin resonance study of copper(II) hydrogenmalonate dihydrate complex

Marczyński S., Typek J., Guskos N., Grech E., Kołodziej B.

Materials Science Poland

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2006

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Vol. 24, No. 4

1077--1085

EN

Copper(II) hydrogenmalonate dihydrate complex has been studied by using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method. Numerically deconvoluted ESR spectra of Cu(II) ions have been investigated at 4.2-295 K temperature range. The powder ESR spectrum has been described by three g-factors and additionally 1.5% of the existing spurious phases of a copper(II) complex has been revealed. The temperature dependence of the integrated ESR intensity has shown a Curic-Weiss type behaviour, consisting of two terms with different Curie-Weiss temperatures. The observed ferromagnetic interactions suggest the presence of two different paramagnetic species. It is proposed that the [Cu(H2O) 4][Cu(mal)2(H2O)2] copper(II) dimer complex is responsible for the low-temperature (T less than or equal 50 K) behaviour of the investigated sample.

16

Nowe ujęcie zarządzania bezpieczeństwem żywności wg ISO/FDIS 22000

Błaszkiewicz A., Kołodziej B.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2005

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T. 59, nr 6

45--47

PL

W artykule podano informacje dotyczące aktualnych prac nad projektem normy europejskiej wdrażającej projekt normy międzynarodowej EN-ISO 22000. Opisano zasadnicze zmiany struktury projektu normy po ankiecie przeprowadzonej na forum międzynarodowym. Omówiono status poszczególnych dokumentów z serii ISO 22000 oraz podano spodziewane terminy ich opracowania.

EN

The article presents information concerning current works on European standard project which implements international standard project EN-ISO 22000. It describes fundamental changes in the structure of the standard project made in response to opinions on the international level. The article discusses the status of particular documents of ISO 22000 series and states expected dates of their elaboration.

17

Wybrane właściwości wodne gleby antropogenicznej na terenie po otworowej kopalni siarki

Kołodziej B.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Nr 12

287-288

18

Badania struktury gleby antropogenicznej na terenie po otworowej kopalni siarki

Kołodziej B., Słowińska-Jurkiewicz A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Nr 12

289-290

19

Scleractinian corals of suborders Pachythecaliina and Rhipidogyrina: discussion on similar ities and description of species from Štramberk-type limestones, Polish Outer Carpathians

Kołodziej B.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2003

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Vol. 73, No 3

193-217

EN

Similarities between scleractinian corals from extinct suborders Pachythecaliina Eliášová 1976 and Rhipidogyrina Roniewicz 1976 are discussed. Corals of the former suborder are considered by some authors as possible descendants of Palaeozoic Rugosa because of their unusual skeletal characters. Some rhipidogyrinans, especially the family Aulastraeoporidae, despite their different septal microstructure, share more common features with pachythecaliinans than with other scleractinians. The following skeletal features are discussed to show similarities between these two suborders: (1) wall microstructure and its relations to septa, (2) corallite bilateral symmetry, (3) marginarium, (4) lonsdaleoid and apophysal septa, and (5) internal septal margin. These similarities can be explained by convergence, although phylogenetic relationships of both suborders can not be excluded. This hypothesis needs to be verified by more studies, especially on early blastogeny of rhipidogyrinans and wall microstructure of pachythecaliinans. The systematic part gives descriptions of the discussed coral suborders occuring in the Štramberk-type limestones, the Polish Outer Carpathians (Tithonian-?Berriasian, ?Valanginian). Similarly as in the Štramberk Limestone (Moravia), pachythecaliinans are highly diversified (17 species, 12 genera, including Pachythecophyllia eliasovae n.gen., n.sp.). Rhipidogyrinans are represented by 4 species of 4 genera, including ?Ogilvinella morycowae n.sp.

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Investigations on obtaining cathodic cobalt in a diaphragm type electrolyser

Kołodziej B., Adamski Z., Włodek T.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2002

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Vol. 36

289-298

EN

The investigations on cobalt electrolysis from cobalt chloride solutions while using diaphragm electrolyser have proved that: 1) Electrodeposition of cobalt should be carried out from solutions, where the pH value ranges from 5.1 to 5.3; the cathode cobalt obtained under those conditions was solid metal, bright and glossy; the current efficiency of the cathode process was 98%. 2) Three stages can be distinguished in the course of electrolytic cobalt deposition from CoCl2 solutions. Stage I – slight changes in the pH value of the catholyte solutions, duration this stage depends an cobalt concentration in the solution. Cobalt obtained during this stage adheres very well to the cathode, its survace is smooth and glossy. Stage II – rapid decrease of pH in the catholyte and first hydrogen bubbles appar (pH𕚵.0). Stage III – the electrolysis proceeds with a continuous but small decrease of the catholyte pH value; the cathode deposit begins to come off the ground, it is dark and full of pits;. the current efficiency of the process drops to about 90%. 3) Electrolyser modification by introducing buffer compartments that separate catholite from the anolyte makes possible to extend the stage I of electrolysis which is the most favourable stage in the whole process of cobalt deposition.

PL

Badania nad elektrolizą kobaltu z roztworów chlorku kobaltu w elektrolizerze przeponowym wykazały, że: 1) Elektrowydzielanie kobaltu należy prowadzić z roztworów, których pH wynosi od 5.1 do 5.3; otrzymany w tych warunkach kobalt katodowy był lity, jasny i błyszczący; wydajność prądowa procesu katodowego wynosiła 98%. 2) Podczas elektrolitycznego wydzielania kobaltu wyróżnić można trzy etapy. Etap I charakteryzuje się nieznacznym wzrostem pH; czas trwania tego etapu zależy od stężenia kobaltu w roztworze; wydzielony kobalt ściśle przylega do katody, jest gładki i błyszczący. Etap II to gwałtowny spadek pH katolitu i pojawienie się pierwszych pęcherzyków wodoru (pH𕚵.0). Etap III – elektroliza przebiega przy ciągłym, niewielkim, zmniejszaniu się pH katolitu; kobalt katodowy zaczyna odstawać od podłoża, jest ciemny z licznymi wgłębieniami; wydajność prądowa spada i wynosi 90%. 3) Stwierdzono, że zmiana konstrukcji elektrolizera polegająca na wprowadzeniu przestrzeni buforowych, oddzielających katolit od anolitu pozwala na wydłużenie I etapu elektrolizy, który jest najkorzystniejszy dla procesu wydzielania kobaltu.