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1

Risk and quality management in maritime transport of live animals – Analysis of EU regulations and challenges in occupational safety and animal welfare

Pilarczyk Maria, Ulewicz Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 82 (154)

48--57

EN

The aim of this article is to identify and assess environmental, organizational, and technical risks associated with the maritime transport of live animals, with a particular emphasis on their impact on the quality of transport processes, animal welfare, and the occupational health and safety of ship crews. Despite the existence of European Union regulations such as Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/372, which establish minimum standards for space, ventilation, access to water, contingency planning, and port infrastructure, significant shortcomings in the organization and quality of transport persist in practice. Inadequate onboard infrastructure, failures of ventilation, feeding and watering systems, and overcrowding lead to stress, dehydration, and disease in animals, which increase the risk of injuries. At the same time, crew members are exposed to harmful factors such as toxic gases, animal waste, slippery surfaces, and extreme temperatures. Poorly organized loading and unloading procedures further escalate the risk of accidents and negatively affect the quality of service provided during transport. This article proposes quality-oriented management actions to improve transport safety and animal welfare, such as the implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, mandatory presence of animal welfare specialists on board, regular technical inspections of vessels, and systematic training for crew members.

2

Microbiological quality and risk assessment of non-regulated lakes used for recreational and economic purposes

Kukułowicz Anita, Jaroniec Wiktoria

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 215

259--267

EN

Purpose: This study aims to assess the microbiological quality and risks associated with nonregulated lakes used for recreational and economic purposes. It highlights the potential risks these lakes pose to public health, especially in terms of waterborne diseases, due to fluctuations in water quality influenced by seasonal variations, human activities, and environmental factors. By evaluating the microbiological contamination levels of lakes that are not part of the formal monitoring system, this research seeks to fill a gap in understanding the risks posed by these bodies of water. Design/methodology/approach: The research employs a combination of water sample collection and microbiological analysis to determine the contamination levels of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli in various water samples taken from a non-regulated lake (Wyspowo Lake). The study compares contamination levels in nearshore and lake center areas during different months to assess variability in water quality. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of differences between sampling sites. Findings: The study found that the water quality in Wyspowo Lake generally met the acceptable bathing water quality standards. However, exceedances of Enterococcus spp. counts were recorded, particularly for two shore samples collected in June and five collected in July. Shore samples consistently showed higher bacterial levels than samples collected from the lake center, especially for Enterococcus spp. These findings highlight the need for increased monitoring of non-regulated lakes to protect public health. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited by seasonal sampling and the absence of continuous monitoring. Future research could involve more frequent sampling and explore the effects of local human activities on water quality. Practical implications: Improved monitoring systems for non-regulated lakes are essential for protecting public health. The study suggests integrating quality and risk management strategies into local monitoring practices. Social implications: The study has significant social implications as it highlights the potential health risks posed by non-regulated lakes, which are often frequented by local communities for recreational purposes. By improving water quality monitoring and public awareness, the research could contribute to better public health outcomes and foster a culture of responsible recreational use of natural resources. Additionally, it could inform local policy decisions related to water management and environmental health, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for people living near these lakes. Originality/value: This article provides original insight into the microbiological quality and risk assessment of an unregulated lake. It adds value to this field by addressing the microbiological safety of lakes not covered by official regulatory systems and proposing practical solutions for improving water quality monitoring and risk management. The article is intended for local authorities, environmental health experts, and public health, water management, and environmental policy researchers

3

Kontrola jakości drogowego podłoża konstrukcyjnego z wykorzystaniem narzędzi BIM. Część II. Etapy badań, podsumowanie prac badawczych

Szafranko Elżbieta, Czyż Magdalena, Lis Maciej

Przegląd Budowlany

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2025

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R. 96, nr 3

148--151

PL

Wśród kluczowych etapów realizacji inwestycji drogowych szczególnie istotnym, a zarazem wymagającym, jest proces wykonywania podłoża pod konstrukcję drogową. Proces ten jest jednak obarczony wieloma czynnikami niepewności, a dodatkowo tradycyjne metody weryfikacji jakości podłoża często charakteryzują się ograniczoną efektywnością. Dlatego opracowanie koncepcyjnego modelu integracji procesu weryfikacji jakości podłoża konstrukcji drogowej w środowisku BIM wydaje się metodą pozwalającą na ominięcie wielu problemów. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest opracowanie koncepcyjnego modelu integracji procesu weryfikacji jakości podłoża konstrukcji drogowej w środowisku BIM. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdzają przydatność proponowanej metodyki, która pozwala na bieżącą kontrolę parametrów technicznych podłoża w czasie rzeczywistym, zwiększając efektywność procesu budowy.

EN

Among the key stages of road investment implementation, the process of making the ground for the road structure is particularly important and at the same time demanding. However, this process is subject to many uncertainties, and in addition, traditional methods of verifying the quality of the substrate are often characterized by limited effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a conceptual model for the integration of the process of verifying the quality of the road structure in the BIM environment seems to be a method that allows to avoid many problems. The main objective of this article is to develop a conceptual model for the integration of the process of verification of the quality of the road structure substrate in the BIM environment. The conducted research confirms the usefulness of the proposed methodology, which allows for ongoing control of the technical parameters of the ground in real time, increasing the efficiency of the construction process.

4

Kontrola jakości drogowego podłoża konstrukcyjnego z wykorzystaniem narzędzi BIM. Część I. Wprowadzenie i schemat metodyki badań

Szafranko Elżbieta, Czyż Magdalena, Lis Maciej

Przegląd Budowlany

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2025

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R. 96, nr 2

234--236

PL

Wśród kluczowych etapów realizacji inwestycji drogowych szczególnie istotnym, a zarazem wymagającym, jest proces wykonywania podłoża pod konstrukcję drogową. Proces ten jest jednak obarczony wieloma czynnikami niepewności, a dodatkowo tradycyjne metody weryfikacji jakości podłoża często charakteryzują się ograniczoną efektywnością. Dlatego opracowanie koncepcyjnego modelu integracji procesu weryfikacji jakości podłoża konstrukcji drogowej w środowisku BIM wydaje się metodą pozwalającą na ominięcie wielu problemów. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest opracowanie koncepcyjnego modelu integracji procesu weryfikacji jakości podłoża konstrukcji drogowej w środowisku BIM. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdzają przydatność proponowanej metodyki, która pozwala na bieżącą kontrolę parametrów technicznych podłoża w czasie rzeczywistym, zwiększając efektywność procesu budowy.

EN

Among the key stages of road investment implementation, the process of making the ground for the road structure is particularly important and at the same time demanding. However, this process is subject to many uncertainties, and in addition, traditional methods of verifying the quality of the substrate are often characterized by limited effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a conceptual model for the integration of the process of verifying the quality of the road structure in the BIM environment seems to be a method that allows to avoid many problems. The main objective of this article is to develop a conceptual model for the integration of the process of verification of the quality of the road structure substrate in the BIM environment. The conducted research confirms the usefulness of the proposed methodology, which allows for ongoing control of the technical parameters of the ground in real time, increasing the efficiency of the construction process.

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System rozpatrywania reklamacji jako istotny element zarządzania jakością

Skuza Zbigniew, Kardas Edyta

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2025

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nr 2

15--24

PL

W artykule przedstawiono system rozpatrywania reklamacji jako specyficzny element relacji z klientami mieszczący się we wspólnym obszarze logistyki i zarządzania jakością. Na przykładzie wybranego przedsiębiorstwa przemysłowego dokonano analizy ilościowej reklamacji, zwracając uwagę na niektóre aspekty logistyki mające wpływ na współczesne zarządzanie jakością w przedsiębiorstwach przemysłowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na system rozpatrywania reklamacji, relacje z klientami oraz procesy przepływu materialnego i informacyjnego. Podstawowym celem artykułu jest podkreślenie roli reklamacji jako elementu komunikacji producenta z rynkiem oraz zwrócenie uwagi na różnice z tym związane, uwarunkowane kategorią klientów.

EN

The article presents a complaint handling system as a specific element of customer relations within the common area of logistics and quality management. Using the example of a selected industrial company, a quantitative analysis of complaints was made, paying attention to some aspects of logistics that influence contemporary quality management in industrial companies. Particular attention was paid to the complaint handling system, customer relations, and material and information flow processes. The main aim of the paper is to highlight the role of complaints as an element of producer communication with the market and to draw attention to the differences resulting from the customer categories.

6

Quality of State Real Estate Cadastre-Maintenance Process Based on Ishikawa Cause-and-Effect Diagram

Yesmaganbetova Aigerim, Dautkanova Dina, Duisenbekova Orazkul, Ismatullayev Sattar, Rsymbetov Bekzat, Serikbaeva Gaukhar

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 5

103--123

EN

The management of Kazakhstan’s Real Estate Cadastre is crucial for ensuring the stability and transparency of its real estate market as well as for the implementation of social and economic programs. The main functions of the cadastre are the protection of rights to real estate and the management of the land fund, which contributes to economic development and legal security. Information technologies are currently being introduced in Kazakhstan to maintain this unified cadastre, including public cadastral maps and geoinformation resources. The study of the quality of maintenance of Kazakhstan’s Real Estate Cadastre was conducted using the Ishikawa causal diagram, which allows one to identify and systematize the key factors that influence the quality of any cadastral data. Regulatory legal acts, the methods and means of measurement, the qualifications of personnel, databases, and the technology of the cadastre’s maintenance were analyzed. The study applied differentiation of results and comparative analysis methods. The results of the analysis showed that regulations and databases had the greatest influence on the quality of the cadastral data. The technology of the cadastre’s maintenance and measurement methods are also significant. The study made it possible to identify control points for improving the quality of cadastral maintenance and propose recommendations for reforming the system. The obtained results can be used for the development and implementation of measures to improve the quality of the cadastral service.

7

The usage of Taguchi methods in Industry 4.0 conditions

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 198

637--654

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the usage of Taguchi methods approach in Industry 4.0 conditions. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The integration of Taguchi methods with Industry 4.0 signifies a profound advancement in manufacturing and quality management. Industry 4.0, with its advanced digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and cyber-physical systems, creates an environment that significantly enhances Taguchi’s principles. This integration facilitates a more dynamic approach to process optimization, leveraging real-time data and sophisticated analytics to achieve superior quality and efficiency. Real-time data collection and advanced analytics enable precise application of Taguchi’s experimental designs, enhancing responsiveness to process variations and improving product quality. Digital twins and automated process control systems further support robust design by allowing virtual testing and continuous adjustments. However, challenges such as data integration complexity, high implementation costs, and the integration of legacy systems must be addressed through strategic planning and investment. Overcoming these challenges can lead to substantial benefits, including improved data utilization, enhanced process optimization, and greater flexibility, driving significant advancements in manufacturing capabilities and operational excellence. Originality/Value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the usage of Taguchi methods in Industry 4.0 conditions.

8

The usage of Poka-Yoka in industry 4.0 conditions

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

613--628

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the usage of Poka-Yoka approach in Industry 4.0 conditions. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The integration of Poka-Yoke with Industry 4.0 signifies a transformative leap in error prevention methodologies, aligning seamlessly with the objectives of advanced manufacturing. By merging the principles of Poka-Yoke with smart technologies like sensors, IoT devices, and real-time data analytics, a dynamic and sophisticated approach to error prevention emerges in the era of Industry 4.0. With applications ranging from simple visual cues to complex technological solutions, Poka-Yoke finds resonance across various industries, particularly in the automotive sector, where sensors and devices on assembly lines swiftly detect and rectify deviations, elevating both product quality and operational efficiency. The incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning in Industry 4.0 augments Poka-Yoke, enabling systems not only to identify errors but also to learn from them, fostering continuous improvement and adaptability in response to evolving production scenarios. Emphasizing proactive error prevention at the source, continuous improvement, and a commitment to training and education, the key principles outlined in Table 1 contribute to creating resilient, reliable processes delivering consistently high-quality outputs. Table 2 demonstrates the seamless integration of Poka-Yoke with Industry 4.0, showcasing technological advancements that collectively form an adaptive approach to error prevention and quality management. Additionally, Table 3 highlights the advantages of this integration, emphasizing improved quality control, operational efficiency, and adaptability in modern manufacturing environments. However, challenges outlined in Table 4, including complex implementation, data security concerns, high initial costs, interoperability issues, and skill gaps, necessitate strategic planning and investment in overcoming obstacles. In conclusion, the integration of Poka-Yoke with Industry 4.0 signifies a strategic evolution, where technology-driven error prevention, continuous improvement, and a commitment to quality converge to create resilient, adaptive, and highly efficient manufacturing systems, positioning this integration as a cornerstone for excellence in the evolving landscape of industrial production. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the usage of Poka-Yoka in Industry 4.0 conditions.

9

Quality management system audit and risk management

Zawierucha-Kozłowska Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 202

639--650

EN

Purpose: the article is an attempt to present topics related to management system auditing, as well as presenting the history of auditing in the world. The article also emphasizes the importance of conducting risk analysis in the context of a properly functioning quality management system. Design/methodology/approach: the presented considerations indicated the growing position of management systems audit and certification, as well as risk analysis. Findings: the article presents the history of the development of auditing and its industry universality as a way to verify the correct functioning of the organization. The conclusions also highlighted the growing importance of systems implemented into organizations. Practical implications: the number of certificates issued indicate the great importance of international standards in the area of management systems of production and service organizations. Originality/value: the information indicated shows the great importance of quality management, which provides many benefits for the organization. Additionally, the article presents the importance of audit in modern organizations, divides the audit and pays attention to the issue of risk and opportunity management, thus complementing the literature on the subject.

10

Quality in e-commerce services related to maritime economy

Studzieniecki Tomasz, Szyda Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 202

549--564

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to obtain information from respondents about the assessment of their satisfaction resulting from the identified features in the online commercial services provided. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses a qualitative study. The survey method was used, and the data was obtained through an online survey. The sample selection was purposeful, both in terms of respondents and the websites themselves. The expert method was used to study the websites, and the data was obtained through desk research. The theoretical scope of the work concerns the determination of attributes for assessing the quality of e-commerce services. The novelty of the article is the study of quality in the niche area of online trade related to the maritime economy (maritime e-commerce). Findings: Niche maritime e-commerce requires multidimensional shaping quality of commercial services. The quality of commercial services provided by online stores in maritime e-commerce, is more satisfying than in terms of services offered in this sphere of online trade. The quality of commercial services provided in maritime e-commerce requires improvement, especially in the technological dimension. Research limitations/implications: The niche nature of the study group meant that it was impossible to use random sampling, hence convenience sampling was used. The study group turned out to be quite hermetic, which caused difficulties in collecting data. Nevertheless, it is worth conducting research in such populations, even if it were to be considered preliminary or exploratory Practical implications: The article has application value. As a result of the research, areas requiring quality improvement in maritime e-commerce for two groups of business entities were indicated - online stores and entities providing services related to the maritime economy. Social implications: Social implications may concern the recognition of preferences of a niche group of consumers, which can also be considered a contribution to science. Originality/value: A niche area in e-commerce has been identified, concerning the maritime economy, which may contribute to science. Based on the literature, a new, original model for assessing the quality of commercial services has been developed, which can be used in any industry. Based on the results, recommendations have been collected for entrepreneurs operating in maritime e-commerce, which may also bring benefits to their customers. for whom it is worth improving the quality of services.

11

Quality and risk management in aquaculture: a case study of trout production in the “Slupia Valley” landscape park

Kukułowicz Anita, Steinka Izabela, Macheta Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 203

241--252

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the microbiological quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from aquaculture farms located within the "Dolina Słupi" (Slupia Valley) Landscape Park, with a focus on regional sustainability practices. The research aims to evaluate water hygiene, the microbiological quality of feed, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and their impact on the final quality of the farmed trout. This study seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable aquaculture by highlighting the importance of quality and risk management practices in maintaining food safety and environmental stewardship. Design/methodology/approach: The research employed a comprehensive microbiological analysis of samples collected from trout farms, including external and internal parts of trout, viscera, water, and feed. The study focused on identifying the presence of specific pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. The approach combined field sampling with laboratory testing to assess the hygienic conditions of the aquaculture environment and the quality of the final fish products. The research focuses on evaluating the microbiological quality of trout from aquaculture farms, with particular attention to local practices and their alignment with sustainability goals. Findings: The study revealed that the trout from the examined farms generally met good microbiological quality standards. Specifically, no methicillin-resistant S. aureus or vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis were detected, indicating effective risk management. However, Salmonella spp. were present in 30.5% of water samples, yet their presence did not significantly affect the contamination levels in fish samples. The highest S. aureus count was found on the skin of rainbow trout (1.5±101 cfu/g), while E. coli was detected on brook trout skin and viscera (11%). Enterococcus spp. were found in 17% of feed samples, but at low concentrations (<10 cfu/g). These results suggest that while overall microbiological quality is satisfactory, ongoing monitoring and adherence to good management practices are crucial for maintaining safety and quality in aquaculture. Research limitations/implications: One limitation of the research is the geographical focus on aquaculture farms within the "Dolina Słupi" Landscape Park, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions or types of aquaculture systems. Future research could expand the scope to include a broader range of aquaculture environments and examine the long-term impact of sustainability practices on fish quality. Practical implications: The research underscores the critical role of continuous monitoring and rigorous quality management practices in aquaculture. The findings indicate that by implementing effective hygiene protocols and risk management strategies, aquaculture farms can achieve high safety standards for their fish products. These practices not only ensure product quality and consumer safety but also support the sustainability and economic viability of the aquaculture industry. Social implications: The study demonstrates that sustainable aquaculture enhances food security and environmental conservation. By promoting effective practices, it builds public trust in farmed fish, potentially influencing consumer behavior and supporting more sustainable industry practices. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge on sustainable aquaculture by providing empirical evidence on the microbiological quality of trout from farms in a specific regional context. It offers practical insights for industry professionals and consumers on optimizing quality and risk management to ensure safe and sustainable fish production.

12

Future trends in quality management

Zawierucha-Kozłowska Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 203

637--651

EN

Purpose: the article attempts to present topics related to quality management and systematize possible future trends in the area of the issue discussed. Moreover, the article indicates the best quality practices used in enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: the presented considerations and the analysis carried out allowed for the identification of possible changes in the subject of quality management in organizations. Findings: the article presents the essence of quality management and the most possible directions of changes in this area. Additionally, the article points to the importance of a comprehensive approach to quality management and attention to meeting all requirements set for the organization. Practical implications: verification of good practices indicates the importance of quality methods used in both production and service organizations. Originality/value: the information contained in the article shows the importance of quality as one of the most important factors in the competition of enterprises. Additionally, the article presents good practices used by companies recognizing the potential of quality, and also complements the literature on the presented topic.

13

Aloe supplements in focus: integrating quality management and risk control for microbiological safety

Aloe supplements in focus: integrating quality management and risk control for microbiological safety, Kukułowicz Anita, Gorlik Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 203

227--239

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the microbiological safety of aloe-based dietary supplements available on the Polish market. The study investigates how the form of the aloe supplement (juice vs. capsules) and the storage time affect microbial contamination levels, emphasizing the importance of quality management and risk management in ensuring the safety of plant-based supplements. Design/methodology/approach: The study focused on assessing the microbiological stability of 68 aloe-based dietary supplements, including Aloe vera juice and gel-shell capsules, at two key time points: immediately after opening (time 0) and at the final storage period (time K). Microbiological analysis included testing for the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, molds, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, alongside an evaluation of the active acidity and microbiological stability in the juice preparations. The research methodology emphasized a comprehensive laboratory-based approach to evaluate the impact of the supplement form (juice vs. capsules) and storage duration on microbial contamination. By focusing on the end-user stages, the study indirectly addressed risk management by identifying potential contamination risks linked to product form and storage. Additionally, quality management principles were applied through the systematic assessment of supplements' compliance with microbiological safety standards. Findings: The study found that S. aureus and E. coli were absent in all samples, with 18% of the samples free from any microbial contamination. Aloe capsules were more prone to fungal contamination compared to juices. Juices demonstrated greater microbiological stability, with approximately 19% stability compared to around 11% for capsules. These findings underscore the importance of rigorous quality control to ensure the microbiological safety of aloe supplements and highlight the need for ongoing post-market monitoring to mitigate potential health risks. Research limitations/implications: The study focused specifically on aloe supplements from the Polish market, which may limit its generalizability to other types of plant-based supplements. Future research could broaden the scope to include other popular plant supplements, such as young barley, to compare microbiological stability and safety across different categories of plant-based products. This would provide a more comprehensive view of potential risks and quality control measures needed for various supplements. Practical implications: The research underscores the need for enhanced quality control measures during the production, storage, and distribution of aloe supplements. Manufacturers should implement risk management strategies to reduce contamination risks, particularly in capsule-based products, and improve hygiene practices to meet safety standards. These findings could influence regulatory policies and encourage more rigorous post-market surveillance of dietary supplements. Social implications: The study highlights the potential risks associated with the uncontrolled consumption of plant-based supplements and emphasizes the importance of ensuring their safety. The findings can contribute to promoting more responsible supplement use and may encourage stricter regulatory frameworks, ultimately improving public health and enhancing consumer protection. Originality/value: This study provides new insights into the microbiological safety of aloe¬based dietary supplements available on the Polish market. It contributes to the fields of quality management and risk management in dietary supplements by offering valuable information for manufacturers, regulators, and health professionals. Additionally, the findings are relevant for consumers, as they highlight the importance of product safety and informed usage.

14

Adjusting the lens – quality management in v4 countries through times of crises

Zapłata Sławomir, Rogala Piotr, Marciniak Robert, Folta Martin, Richnák Patrik

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

659--688

EN

Purpose: The idea of the study is to understand fluctuation in quality management depending on organizational context. The primary purpose of this article is to analyze changes in quality management in four countries grouped in V4 (The Visegrad Group) in the prism of macroeconomic crises, over the last five years. The following research question was formulated: What influences market saturation with a formal approach to quality management (ISO 9001 certificates), and when? Design/methodology/approach: The considerations are based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and an analysis of the long-term data of ISO survey – certifications. The data was compared among V4 countries and an attempt was made to relate the results to economy-wide indicators, especially in turbulent environments. Findings: The results show no clear and unidirectional relationships between the number of ISO 9001 certifications and macroeconomic data. This was identified for the V4 group as a whole and for individual countries, as well. Implementation of the QMS is an individual decision of each organization, depending on closely related microeconomic factors. Research limitations/implications: Research findings always represent a slice of a larger reality. In that research paper limitations concern: the period of analysis, literature review in English and supplemented locally in the native languages, focusing on the V4 area. Findings implicate quality management’s perceptions need to adjust the lens to understand macro numbers of certificates by the circumstances and adjust micro decisions in organizations in the QM area depending on the crisis phase on the market.Originality/value: The article analyses certification data in previously unpresented form. Results were compared between V4 countries in the prism of times of crisis with an indication of certificate saturation rates and an attempt to explain macroeconomic fluctuations. The research results are helpful for researchers exploring quality management issues, and all organizations that can relativize the importance of quality management.

15

The costs of quality in production engineering: business development or growth inhibition?

Klimecka-Tatar Dorota

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

260--269

EN

Maintaining a strong market position is a significant challenge for manufacturing companies, requiring them to meet customer demands through high-quality products while balancing the associated costs. Proper quality management is essential but incurs substantial costs, particularly in terms of production maintenance and prevention. This paper explores the relationship between quality costs and business growth, emphasizing the need for manufacturers to constantly evaluate financial performance in relation to unit production costs and quality maintenance expenses. The study highlights that integrating quality into the production process is a key strategy for preventing business growth inhibition due to escalating quality costs. While investing in quality management can drive business development by improving product quality, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiency, poor management of quality costs can hinder profitability and growth. The findings suggest that strategic handling of quality costs can foster sustainable growth, whereas mismanagement may lead to competitive disadvantages.

16

Prioritizing product quality problems using quality management tools

Knop Krzysztof, Gejdos Pavol

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

138--153

EN

In today's competitive business environment, effectively analyzing, evaluating, and resolving product quality problems is critical to maintaining customer satisfaction, reducing financial losses, and preserving a company's reputation. This study prioritizes internal and external quality problems in paperboard packaging using selected quality management tools. Product quality problems are categorized based on their frequency of occurrence and financial losses. Three quality management tools are used: the ParetoLorenz diagram, the matrix data analysis diagram, and the box plot. The Pareto-Lorenz diagram identified the key quality problems that generate the highest number of events and the greatest financial losses, consistent with the 80/20 rule. The matrix data analysis diagram divided the quality problems into four groups based on their combined impact, indicating critical problems for both categories. The box plot identified outliers and extremes, revealing quality problems with significantly higher frequency and financial impact than others. All quality tools used identified the overprint complaint with code 403 as critical. The results highlight the effectiveness of the quality management tools used in prioritizing product quality problems.

17

Zarządzanie jakością - od selektywnej do zrównoważonej jakości

Borys Tadeusz, Rogala Piotr, Wawak Sławomir

Problemy Jakości

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2024

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R. 56, nr 1

11--18

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest analiza różnych, spotykanych w literaturze, podejść do ewolucji zarządzania jakością i zaproponowanie autorskiego pogłębionego podejścia do tej problematyki. Uwaga autorów koncentruje się na różnicach między poszczególnymi generacjami zarządzania, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli, jaką odgrywa w tej ewolucji TQM. Asumptem do zainteresowania się tym problemem było pojawienie się w literaturze naukowej koncepcji jakości 4.0 oraz jakości 5.0, choć do tej pory w publikacjach naukowych nie numerowano wcześniejszych etapów rozwoju zarządzania jakością. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Analiza opierała się na przeglądzie literatury i dostępnych raportów z zakresu aktualnego stanu wiedzy w obszarze zarządzania jakością. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na publikacje na temat jakości 4.0 i 5.0 zawarte w naukowych bazach danych. Wyniki/wnioski: Autorzy zidentyfikowali atrybuty przypisane każdej z generacji zarządzania jakością. Określono miejsce koncepcji TQM w ewolucji zarządzania jakością oraz jakości 4.0, rozpoznanej jako nowa generacja TQM, istotnie rozbudowana poprzez digitalizację danych. Zidentyfikowano też wyzwania stawiane przed kształtującą się dopiero generacją zarządzania jakością określaną jako Jakość 5.0 - Sustainable Ouality. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Praca przyczynia się do lepszego zrozumienia ewolucji zarządzania jakością, szczególnie w kontekście problemów związanych z numerowaniem generacji oraz roli TQM w tej ewolucji. Analiza atrybutów poszczególnych generacji oraz ich wpływu na jakość życia wnosi nowe spojrzenie w tym obszarze nauk o zarządzaniu i jakości. Oryginalność polega również na szerokim podejściu do TQM jako filozofii projakościowego zarządzania, co umożliwiło traktowanie jakości 4.0 i 5.0 jako rozbudowy holistycznego podejścia do jakości charakterystycznego dla TQM, którego umownym „punktem startowym" jest jakość 3.0. Oznacza to odejście od tak często spotykanego wąskiego traktowania TQM jako konkretnej metody zarządzania, która powinna już odejść do „lamusa" historii zarządzania jakością.

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze various approaches to the evolution of quality management and to propose an original, in-depth approach to this issue. The authors focus on the differences between individual generations of quality management, particularly emphasizing TQM's role in this evolution. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was based on a review of the literaturę and available reports on the current State of knowledge in quality management. Particular attention was paid to publications on quality 4.0 and 5.0 contained in scientific databases. Findings/conclusions: The authors identified attributes assigned to each generation of quality management. The place of TQM in the evolution of quality management and quality 4.0 was determined and recognized as a new generation of TQM, significantly expanded through data digitization. Challenges faced by the emerging generation of quality management known as Quality 5.0 - Sustainable Ouality were also identified. Originality/value: The work contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of quality management, especially in the context of problems related to generation numbering and the role of TQM in the evolution. The analysis of the attributes of individual generations and their impact on the quality of life brings a new perspective in this area of management and quality Sciences. The originality also lies in the broad approach to TQM as a philosophy of pro-quality management, which madę it possible to treat quality 4.0 and 5.0 as an extension of the holistic approach to quality characteristic of TQM, the conventional "starting point" of which is quality 3.0. This means a departure from the so-often-seen narrow approach to TQM as a specific management method, which should now become a thing of the past in the history of quality management.

18

Interdyscyplinarność wiedzy w zarządzaniu jakością

Szczepańska Katarzyna

Problemy Jakości

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2024

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R. 56, nr 5

2--9

PL

Cel: Wskazanie dziedzin nauki oraz dyscyplin naukowych mających teoretyczne i praktyczne zastosowanie w zarządzaniu jakością. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Za pomocą metody analizy i konstrukcji logicznej starano się odpowiedzieć na pytania badawcze: Które dziedziny nauki i dyscypliny naukowe mają zastosowanie w teorii i praktyce zarządzania jakością? Jaki jest zakres dziedzin nauki i dyscyplin naukowych w teorii i praktyce zarządzania jakością? Wyniki/wnioski: Dziedziny nauki można sklasyfikować (klasyfikacja ogólna i szczegółowa) według kryterium występowania związków z koncepcją TQM oraz systemem zarządzania jakością ISO. Dyscyplinami naukowymi mającymi największy związek z koncepcją TQM oraz systemem zarządzania jakością ISO są: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości, psychologia, ekonomia i finanse. Pozostałe dyscypliny naukowe (socjologia, filozofia, matematyka i informatyka) cechują się najmniejszym związkiem z koncepcją TQM oraz systemem zarządzania jakością ISO. Największe zróżnicowanie cechuje strukturę ilościową dyscyplin naukowych w dziedzinie nauk społecznych. Wspólną cechą zasad (doskonałości i TQM) oraz wymagań systemu zarządzania jakością ISO są takie same dyscypliny naukowe (nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości, psychologia, ekonomia i finanse). Ograniczenia: PN-EN ISO 9001 bez uwzględnienia innych systemów ISO w obszarze zarządzania jakością. Zastosowanie praktyczne: Określenie granic interdyscyplinarności wiedzy w zarządzaniu jakością będących podstawą do realizacji koncepcji organizacji inteligentnej. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Wskazanie perspektywy badań empirycznych dotyczących wpływu interdyscyplinarności wiedzy na osiągnięcie: (a) celów jakości, (b) wyższej efektywności w zarządzaniu jakością, (c) pożądanych zachowań organizacji.

EN

Purpose: Identification of scientific fields and disciplines with theoretical and practical applications in quality management. Design/methodology/approach: Using the method of analysis and logical construction, the research questions sought to be answered: Which scientific fields and scientific disciplines are applicable to quality management theory and practice? What is the scope of scientific fields and disciplines in quality management theory and practice? Findings/conclusions: Scientific disciplines can be classified (in general and specific classification) according to the existence of links with the TQM concept and the ISO quality management system. The scientific disciplines with the greatest links to the TQM concept and the ISO quality management system are management and quality sciences, psychology, economics and finance. The other scientific disciplines (sociology, philosophy, mathematics and computer science) have the least connection with the TQM concept and the ISO quality management system. The greatest diversity characterises the quantitative structure of scientific disciplines in the social sciences. Common to the principles (excellence and TQM) and requirements of the ISO quality management system are the same scientific disciplines (management and quality sciences, psychology, economics and finance). Research limitations: EN ISO 9001 without taking into account other ISO systems in the area of quality management. Practical implications: Defining the limits of interdisciplinary knowledge in quality management as a basis for realising the concept of the intelligent organisation. Originality/value: To indicate the perspective of empirical research on the impact of interdisciplinary knowledge on the achievement of: (a) quality objectives, (b) higher efficiency in quality management, (c) desirable organisational behaviour.

19

A Theoretical and Practical Approach to Exponential Relation between Innovation and Sustainable Development

Ceko Enriko, Mulita Reis, Jaupaj Artur

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 2

114--125

EN

Aside from the political, geographic, economic, legal, social, and cultural problems that every nation, state, and government faces, it is evident that sustainable development is the key to sustainability, progress, and improving the quality of life. Achieving SDG targets has been seen as the primary trend for the past 15 years and the foreseeable future. In this direction, with an eye towards the fifth industrial revolution, innovation has been viewed as one of the primary production variables, along with land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship, to help address current and future difficulties facing humanity. This study aimed to shed light on the connections between innovation and sustainable development. To test Hypothesis H1, which states a positive solid relationship between the SDG Index and ISO 9001 Index, we conducted a statistical analysis using regressive analysis between the Sustainable Development Goals Index and Innovation Index. This was done to compare the results to Hypothesis H0, which suggests no such relationship exists. The research's findings indicate that scientific management of the factors of production opens up possibilities for long-term sustainable development, ensuring the prosperity of society and everyday life for future generations, encouraging economic growth, and improving the quality of life without endangering the environment. Innovation, embodied in the ISO 56000 family of standards, is applied as an efficient and effective tool, which is urgently needed. The overall conclusion of the study – which also serves as a practical and social contribution to the field – is that, to achieve and sustain sustainable development scenarios, all interested parties – individuals, public and private institutions, decision-makers, and civil society – should look forward to ensuring that the SDG and innovation are built and maintained. Innovation principles can be applied as effective and efficient tools.

PL

Oprócz problemów politycznych, geograficznych, ekonomicznych, prawnych, społecznych i kulturowych, przed którymi stoi każdy naród, państwo i rząd, oczywiste jest, że zrównoważony rozwój jest kluczem do postępu ipoprawy jakości życia. Osiąganie Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju jest postrzegane jako główny trend w dającej się przewidzieć przyszłości. W tym kierunku, z myślą o piątej rewolucji przemysłowej, innowacje są postrzegane jako jedna z głównych zmiennych produkcyjnych, obok ziemi, pracy, kapitału i przedsiębiorczości, pomagająca stawić czoła obecnym i przyszłym trudnościom stojącym przed ludzkością. Celem tego badania było ukazanie powiązania pomiędzy innowacjami a zrównoważonym rozwojem. Aby przetestować Hipotezę H1, która stwierdza pozytywną, solidną zależność pomiędzy Indeksem SDG a Indeksem ISO 9001, przeprowadziliśmy analizę statystyczną przy użyciu analizy regresyjnej pomiędzy Indeksem Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju a Indeksem Innowacji. Dokonano tego w celu porównania wyników z Hipotezą H0, która sugeruje, że taka zależność nie istnieje. Wyniki badań wskazują, że naukowe zarządzanie czynnikami produkcji otwiera możliwości długoterminowego, zrównoważonego rozwoju, zapewnienia dobrobytu społeczeństwa i życia codziennego przyszłym pokoleniom, wspierania wzrostu gospodarczego i poprawy jakości życia bez zagrażania środowisku. Innowacja zawarta w grupie norm ISO 56000 może być stosowana jako wydajne i skuteczne narzędzie, które jest pilnie potrzebne. Ogólny wniosek z badania – które stanowi również praktyczny i społeczny wkład w tę dziedzinę – jest taki, że aby osiągnąć iutrzymać scenariusze zrównoważonego rozwoju, wszystkie zainteresowane strony – osoby fizyczne, instytucje publiczne i prywatne, decydenci i społeczeństwo obywatelskie – powinniśmy z niecierpliwością oczekiwać stworzenia i utrzymania Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju i innowacji. Zasady innowacji można zastosować jako skuteczne i wydajne narzędzia.

20

Quality management and controlling in manufacturing enterprises versus their performance

Potkany Marek, Stasiak-Betlejewska Renata, Gejdos Pavol, Grofčíková Janka

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2024

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Vol. 30, No. 2

214--229

EN

The application of principles of quality management and controlling has already been established in the business environment with the potential of numerous benefits and performance impacts. The aim of the research is to identify the scale of use of both management approaches in Slovak manufacturing enterprises and evaluate their perception in terms of capital structure vs. performance. The research aim prioritizes a strategic approach to quality and controlling that enables to identify its real understanding and application in the contemporary enterprises management. In research period 2022-23, a questionnaire survey and structured interviews were conducted to obtain 356 responses from managers of manufacturing enterprises. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was applied for the representativeness test. In addition, the 95% interval estimate of relative frequencies and the two-sample test were applied for hypothesis testing. The study identified a statistically significant difference between the capital structure of manufacturing enterprises and their overall understanding and practical application of quality management and controlling methods or approaches, in relation to the performance measured by the ROS indicator.

PL

Stosowanie zasad zarządzania jakością i controllingu jest już ugruntowane w środowisku biznesowym, oferując potencjał licznych korzyści i wpływu na wyniki działalności. Celem badania jest zidentyfikowanie skali wykorzystania obu podejść zarządczych w słowackich przedsiębiorstwach produkcyjnych oraz ocena ich postrzegania w kontekście struktury kapitałowej w odniesieniu do wyników. Badanie koncentruje się na strategicznym podejściu do zarządzania jakością i controllingu, które pozwala zidentyfikować rzeczywiste rozumienie i zastosowanie tych metod w zarządzaniu współczesnymi przedsiębiorstwami. W okresie badawczym 2022-2023 przeprowadzono ankietę oraz wywiady strukturyzowane, uzyskując 356 odpowiedzi od menedżerów przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych. W celu sprawdzenia reprezentatywności zastosowano test dopasowania Chi-kwadrat. Ponadto zastosowano 95-procentowy przedział ufności dla częstości względnych oraz test dwupróbkowy do weryfikacji hipotez. Badanie wykazało istotną statystycznie różnicę pomiędzy strukturą kapitałową przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych a ich ogólnym zrozumieniem i praktycznym zastosowaniem metod lub podejść związanych z zarządzaniem jakością i controllingiem, w odniesieniu do wyników mierzonych wskaźnikiem ROS.