Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Adsorptive removal of a nitrate ion from the aqueous solution of sodium nitrate by application of double fixed-bed column

Abonyi Matthew Ndubuisi, Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo, Nzekwe Samuel Chigozie, Ele Clinton Chizoba, Orunta Blessing Chiemerie, Igbonekwu Lawrence Ifeanyi

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2024

|

Vol. 33, No. 3

304--325

EN

This study focuses on the removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solutions using rice husk activated carbon (RHAC). The RHAC was subjected to characterization via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray florescence (XRF) to ascertain its functional groups, surface morphology, and oxide/elemental composition, respectively. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the impact of nitrate concentration, bed height, and number of packing layers on removal efficiency. FTIR spectra revealed favorable sorption-related functional groups within RHAC, while SEM analysis indicated the presence of effective sorption sites on its surface. EDS analysis of the rice husk adsorbent before adsorption (RHBS) demonstrated a significant composition of Si (42.20%), O (35.30%), and Ca (12.33%). The batch study unveiled a concentration-dependent decrease in nitrate removal efficiency, alongside the enhanced performance with increased bed height and number of packing layers. Kinetic data fitting favored the Yoon–Nelson and Adams–Bohart models. Overall, RHAC exhibited efficient nitrate ion removal, with column performance notably improved by utilizing multiple packing layers. These results will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in removing nitrate ions and highlight the potential effectiveness of RHAC, especially when utilized with multiple packing arrangements in column setups.

2

The Variability in the Distribution of Nitrate Concentration at the Surface of the Southeast Indian Ocean

Jati Wijaya Yusuf, Wisha Ulung Jantama, Maslukah Lilik, Sugianto Denny Nugroho, Munandar Bayu

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 2

140--149

EN

The waters that surround the Indonesian archipelago are home to some of the most fruitful primary resources that can be found anywhere in the southeastern Indian Ocean. In this work, an investigation of seasonal fluctuations in nutrient content within the region, utilizing 30-years reanalysis data generated by Copernicus Marine Service, was presented. The month of September, October, November (SON) exhibits the maximum concentration of nitrate content, primarily observed in the southern region of Java and the Lombok Strait. The concentrations of nitrates experience significant changes that are notably impacted by Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) occurrences. Specifically, a positive IOD event is associated with elevated nitrate levels, particularly during the period spanning from June to December. Furthermore, in the southern Java region, an inverse correlation was identified between nitrate concentrations and surface zonal currents, commonly referred to as the South Java Current (SJC). Concurrently, the reinforcement of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the Lombok Strait is consistently accompanied by an elevation in nitrate concentration within the southern region.

3

Nitrate and Ammonia Contamination in Groundwater and their Effect on Microbial Community in Apulia Region

Calabrese Angelantonio, Campanale Mariavirginia, Iurino Fabiola

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 6

371--382

EN

Due to its widespread presence in groundwater, nitrate contamination has become a major global concern. Identifying the different sources of this contamination, particularly those related to agricultural practices, is therefore crucial to assess its negative impacts. The European Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) requires the protection of all natural freshwater resources with a maximum nitrate concentration threshold of 50 mgNO3 + L-1, applicable to all groundwater, regardless of its intended use. Many studies have used a chemical approach to identify these contaminations, but one of the possible approaches to identify contamination and the source of the contamination is a microbiological approach. An aquifer’s unique groundwater fingerprint: its hydrology, chemistry, and geology are shaped by the communities of heterotrophic bacteria that thrive in this underground environment. The present study carries out an evaluation of the impact of nitrate and ammonia on the bacterial community of groundwater, in particular by studying the correlations between the two chemical forms analyzed and some of the native species most present in nitrifying and denitrifying groundwater. These evaluations make it possible to identify the microbial species subject to the variation of ammonia and nitrate concentrations and to evaluate the extent of variation in the natural environment, providing useful information on the variation of the chemical compound, validating the innovative thesis of being used as a natural tracer for the identification of potential direct or indirect contamination.

4

Evaluating Groundwater Potability and Health Risks from Nitrates in the Semi-Arid Region of Algeria

Houari Idir Menad, Bouselsal Boualem, Lakhdari Alia Sara

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 6

220--233

EN

In the semi-arid region of Ain Ouassera, Algeria, groundwater from the lower cretaceous aquifer (LC) serves as an essential resource for drinking and various other requirements. This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of water for domestic use and examining the non-carcinogenic health risks associated with consuming water containing high levels of nitrates. To explore these dimensions, the research utilizes the water quality index (WQI) method and the health risk assessment (HRA) model as formulated by the USEPA. The findings categorized the groundwater quality predominantly as “poor” for consumption purposes, with nitrate concentrations ranging from 14 to 112 mg/L, where 40% of the samples exceeded the World Health Organization’s (WHO) permissible limit (> 50 mg/L). Furthermore, the health risk analysis indicated that 76.67% of the samples for children and 70% for adults surpass the safety thresholds (QH > 1), signifying a significant risk to the local population. The study also uncovered that the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater reflect a mixed composition (CaMgCl) and that mineralization is mainly attributed to the dissolution of carbonates, sulfates, and halite, alongside inverse ion exchange processes and anthropogenic influences. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved groundwater management measures and risk mitigation strategies in the Ain Ouassera region.

5

Synthesis and characterization of ammonium polymer for anion removal in aqueous solutions

Rahayu Aster, Hakika Dhias Cahya, Amrillah Nafira Alfi Zaini, Veranica Veranica

Polimery

|

2023

|

Vol. 68, nr 10

537--543

EN

In a one-step thermal process using 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META), an ammonium polymer was successfully obtained for the removal of anions (nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates) from aqueous solutions. Ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as a cross-linking agent. The effect of cross-linking agent, porogen, and polymerization time on the structure and physical properties of the obtained polymer was examined (FTIR, SEM, BET, elemental analysis). The optimal conditions for META synthesis were a monomer to porogen ratio of 20:80, 75% functional monomer content and a 12-hour polymerization time.

PL

W jednoetapowym procesie termicznym przy użyciu chlorku 2-[(metakryloiloksy)etylo] trimetyloamoniowego (META) otrzymano polimer amoniowy do usuwania anionów (azotanów, azotynów i fosforanów) z roztworów wodnych. Jako środek sieciujący zastosowano dimetakrylan etylenu (EDMA). Zbadano wpływ środka sieciującego, porogenu i czasu polimeryzacji na strukturę i właściwości fizyczne otrzymanego polimeru (FTIR, SEM, BET, analiza elementarna). Jako optymalne warunki syntezy META przyjęto stosunek monomeru do porogenu 20:80, 75% procentową zawartość monomeru funkcyjnego i 12-godzinny czas polimeryzacji.

6

Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solution by Bio-Calcium from Iraqi Eggshells

Al-Agili Zahraa Hameed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 9

10--18

EN

Nitrate contamination of drinking water is one of Iraq’s environmental problems in some of its most vital lands as a result of sewage sedimentation, agricultural fertilizer waste, and remnants of war. Iraqi egg waste (bio-calcium Iraqi eggshells) was tested to remove nitrates, which is considered one of the best investments to achieve industrial sustainability on the one hand and reduce environmental problems on the other. The optimum conditions for removal were pH = 6, 120 min, 0.5 g Iraqi eggshells, and 150 rpm where 95.73% of nitrates were removed by Iraqi eggshells. The equilibrium data analysis determined that the (Langmuir isotherm) model was the best for describing adsorption, while (pseudo-second-order) adsorption kinetics were significantly appropriate for demonstrating nitrate adsorption kinetics, and a statistical model for nitrate removal percentage was developed.

7

Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Removal of Nutrients Using Coarse Rice-Husk Biochar

Edwin Tivany, Mera Mas, Komala Puti Sri, Zulkarnaini

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

247--257

EN

Biochar is a known potential for nutrient removal in wastewater. This study focuses on the adsorption of rice-husk biochar to remove nutrients in the form of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in the wastewater. Two types of biochar production were used: laboratory-made biochar with variations of pyrolysis temperature and biochar made traditionally by local people. The results showed pyrolysis temperature influence the sorption capacity of nitrate and phosphate. The best nitrate sorption capacity using biochar made with low pyrolysis temperature, whereas the best phosphate sorption capacity using biochar made with high pyrolysis temperature. While the best ammonium sorption capacity by biochar made traditionally. The use of biochar with a coarse form shows nutrient sorption ability that is not inferior to the powder form compared to the other research. The use of coarse biochar forms can be selected if the powder form is impractical for field applications. The utilization of biochar variations can be selected according to the dominant nutrient removal needs in the field.

8

Exploring Cacao Husk Waste – Surface Modification, Characterization, and its Potential for Removing Phosphate and Nitrate Ions

Aini Nur, Mufandi Ilham, Jamilatun Siti, Rahayu Aster

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

282--292

EN

Environmental pollution by phosphate and nitrate ions has become a serious problem. The innovation of cacao husk as an adsorbent and sustainable material can be a solution for absorbing phosphate and nitrate ions. Cocoa husk (CH) derived from the matured cocoa fruit’s remaining pod material that often discarded as waste. The aim of this research is to develop an environmentally friendly and economical cacao husk (CH) based material for the absorption of phosphate and nitrate ions from aqueous solutions. CH surface modification is made by reacting the cationic polymer 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium (META), into CH treatment (CH-T). Successful surface modification of CH-T with cationic polymers was confirmed to improve the surface properties for the removal of phosphate and nitrate ions. The surface charge morphology, structure, pore distribution and stability of the modified CH-T were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Branueur-Emmet-Teller (BET) and elemental analysis. 0.3 grams of CH-T modified with 75% cationic polymer with stirring at 70 rpm for 180 minutes at 50°C was reported as the best modification condition. Removal efficiencies of phosphate and nitrate ions increased after adding quaternary ammonium to CH-T to 96% and 93.4%, respectively. These results indicate that CH modification has prospective as a low-cost catalyst for wastewater treatment.

9

Assessment of the Feasibility of Modified Chitosan Beads for the Adsorption of Nitrate from an Aqueous Solution

Jamka Zainab N., Mohammed Wadood T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

265--278

EN

The objective of the current work was to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of nitrate removal from an aqueous solution by adsorption using metal (Zr4+)loaded chitosan and Bentonite beads (Cs-Bn-Zr). The study was carried out in a batch system, and the effect of the critical factors on the adsorption performance, such as contact time, initial nitrate anion concentration, and adsorbent dosage, were investigated. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium models of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were evaluated. The modified adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and analysis with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The results demonstrated that at 0.2 g of CS-Bn-Zr adsorbent with an initial concentration of 50 mg/l and a contact time of 120 minutes, the maximum removal of nitrate ions was found to be 97.28%. The result demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of nitrite ions on the manufactured bead was 110.46 mg/g. The Freundlich model was shown to be the most effective for the adsorbate of nitrate. The pseudo–first-order model fits the adsorption kinetic data well.

10

Surface Water Pollution from Urban and Industrial Waste – A Case Study of the Lumbardhi River Flow, Prizren (Kosovo)

Gashi Sami, Sofiu Vehbi, Balaj Nexhat

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 7

30--37

EN

Surface water pollution is mainly due to large urbanization, agricultural waste and discharges of production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pollutant parameters of surface waters effluents contaminated by synthetic detergents and organic chemical substances. During the study, the following physico-chemical parameters were analyzed: phosphate ion (PO43−), total phosphate (TP), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), sodium perborate (NaBO3n H2O ), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO−3), nitrite (NO2−), water temp. (°C), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The correlation between the source water and the current level of pollution of this river was measured in four locations: (Prevalla L1 ; Reqane L2; City park L3; Vlashnje L4) along the surface course of the Lumbardhi River in Prizren. From the results of the study for both time periods, the chemical parameters values of phosphate ion (PO43−) for May, 2022 according to monitoring of physico-chemical parameters in Lumbardhi River in Prizren were 0.01. The value of total phosphate (TP) was 0.002, for sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10). The water quality of the Lumbardhi river directly depends on the amount of flows in the river. Poor quality of the water is more pronounced during the month of October, when the amount of flows in the river is smaller. Location (L3) had higher pollution as a result of the discharge of urban sewage and city waste. Research has shown the presence of different forms of phosphorus that are higher in the (L2 and L3) locations.

11

Evaluation of the Concentration and Health Risks of Phosphates and Nitrates of a High Andean River

Sáez-Huamán Wilfredo, Contreras-Lopez Eliana, Portuguez-Maurtua Marcelo, Sánchez-Araujo Víctor, Palomino-Pastrana Pedro, Escobar-Soldevilla Mabel, Inostroza-Ruiz Luis Alberto, Llahuilla Quea Jose Antonio

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 9

249--258

EN

In developing countries, river monitoring is very limited. Despite environmental and health problems, there is a paucity of information regarding the contaminants phosphates and nitrates. Thus, concentration and health risks, of phosphates and nitrates of the Ichu river waters, in Huancavelica, Peru, were evaluated. Sampling was carried out at six different points. Important water quality parameters were analyzed, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electric conductivity (EC). The results revealed that the phosphate and nitrate varied between 0.475 to 0.575 mg/L and 11.10 to 14.00 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of phosphates and nitrates was 0.520±0.02 mg/L and 13.10±0.48, respectively. The Ichu River water had the quality that corresponded to its category, when compared to the permitted limits of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for water. It did not present contamination according to the nutrient contamination index and the health risk was from chronic low intake. Besides, it presented a moderate relationship between nitrate and phosphate, due to the low concentration of phosphates during the dry season. What is new about this research is the approach to potential health risks of exposure to nitrates and phosphates, in a high Andean river in Huancavelica, Peru.

12

Distribution Patterns of Chlorophyll-a and its Relationship with Phosphate, Nitrate in Banjir Kanal Barat and Banjir Kanal Timur, Semarang, Indonesia

Suryoputro Agus Anugroho Dwi, Pramesti Rista Anggita, Zainuri Muhammad, Maslukah Lilik

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 2

186--193

EN

Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) and Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) are widely used for various community activities such as residential areas, industry, fish cultivation, and auction. Community activity around BKB and BKT will affect N and P nutrient inputs, which further affects phytoplankton abundance. In this study, phytoplankton biomass was estimated through chlorophyll-a (chl-a) measurements. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the chl-a and determine the influence of phosphate and nitrate in front of the estuary from BKB and BKT. Sampling was carried out at 8 stations from each estuary and was carried out in the dry season. The concentration of chl-a, phosphate, and nitrate is further described in the form of a distribution pattern based on the interpolation method with ArcGIS 10.2 software. The results showed that the average ± sd of chl-a, respectively was 15,781 ± 16.90 mg/m3 and 17,710 ± 15.31 mg/m3, phosphate was 0.0174 ± 0.0057 ppm and 0.0096 ± 0.0164 ppm, nitrate was 2.9086 ± 1.1824 ppm and 1.6919 ± 1.6316 ppm. The distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and phosphate decreases in concentration towards the sea, while nitrate forms an irregular pattern and has a different pattern in each estuary. Nutrient phosphate has a positive correlation with chlorophyll-a.

13

Effect of Different Plant Monocultures on Nitrogen Removal Performance in Wetland Microcosms

Wang Rujun, Quan Ying, Zheng ShaoKui, Zhang Xueyu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 9

241--249

EN

This study investigated the nitrogen removal performance in wetland microcosms individually planted with different plant monocultures, including emergent, free-floating and submerged plants during ammonia removals, or large- and small-leaf free-floating plants during nitrate removal. For ammonia-dominated wastewater, both emergent (common reed) and free-floating (water hyacinth) plants in wetland microcosms achieved higher total nitrogen removals than a submerged plant (eelgrass) that significantly improved the microbial nitrifying performance. For nitrate-dominated wastewater, efficient nitrate removals in wetland microcosms planted with free-floating plant were achieved by both a full cover of water surface and the concentration of organic oxygen-consuming substances, which resulted in low dissolved oxygen levels and boosted microbial denitrification in wetland microcosms. FWS-CW developers and managers should thus pay close attention to the selection of wetland plant types and optimize their design to achieve optimum nitrogen removal performance.

14

Effect of temperature in removing of anions in solution on biochar using Zea mays stalks as a precursor

Villabona-Ortiz Ángel, Tejada-Tovar Candelaria, Ortega-Toro Rodrigo

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2021

|

no. 50

64--68

EN

Biochar was prepared from corn (Zea mays) stalks and impregnated with sulfuric acid. The biomass was impregnated for 24 h with a 50% solution of H2SO4 with impregnation ratios 1:2 (B 1:2) and 1:3 p/v (B 1:3); then, it was carbonized in a muffle furnace at 520°C for 30 min with a 10°C per min ramp. The adsorption capacity to remove anions (nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) in an aqueous solution was evaluated by varying the temperature. The adsorption mechanism was studied by determining the thermodynamic parameters: Gibbs free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (ΔSº) standard. The biochars were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis and were found to exhibit a heterogeneous surface and porous nature, with C, O, S, and Si. The experiments in the batch system showed the best performance of B 1: 2 in the removal of the three anions occurred at 303 K, while B 1: 3 had the best performance at 298 K. From the thermodynamic parameters, it was found that the removal processes are endothermic, their mechanism is by chemisorption. It is concluded that synthesized biochar is an excellent alternative to removing nutrient anions present in the solution.

15

Applying of water quality indices methods for assessment of 9-Nissan Water Treatment Plant

Abdul-Hameed Hayder M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

no. 47

25--29

EN

In this research different methods for measuring water quality indices were conducted to investigate the performance of the newly designed, constructed and operated 9-Nissan water treatment plant, Iraq. Data gathering and implementation took place throughout winter and summer. Water samples were taken periodically, according to the standard method, the research was carried out by collecting different random samples for eight months (Jun. 2015–Jan. 2016) and measuring (turbidity, total hardness, pH, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, Cl–, Mg2+, Fe2+,NO3–, NH3+) for each sample. Five different approaches and methodologies of calculating the water index were applied. The results revealed that the Water Quality Indices varied from 70.55 to 88.24, when applying Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI) and British Columbia water quality index (BCWQI) geometric weighted mean respectively. All the results, from the five approaches indicated good water quality, multiple regression analyses were conducted for turbidity, total hardness and suspended solids, they found that these parameters are strongly related to each other and to other parameters.

16

Impact of Cedzyna reservoir on selected physicochemical parameters of river water quality (Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland)

Przybylska Joanna, Kaleta Joanna, Kozłowski Rafał

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

|

2019

|

R. 24, NR 1-2

117--125

EN

The monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters and chemical composition of water was conducted in 2017-2018 in the Lubrzanka river and the Cedzyna reservoir (Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland). The results indicate that the impact of reservoir on the quality of river water depends on natural characteristics of the catchment as well as on the present anthropogenic pressure. Retention of water in the reservoir caused seasonally diversified changes in analysed parameters, including an increase in water temperature, retention of major ions, nutrients and trace elements. Further research is needed to assess the risk of contamination of lower course of the river with metals deposited in reservoir’s bottom sediments.

17

Electrodeposition of silver from nitrate-tartrate solutions

Rudnik E.

Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 44, no. 2

81--89

EN

The electrodeposition of silver from AgNO3 solutions with the addition of L-tartaric acid was investigated. The cathodic reaction was accompanied by low electrode polarization and run under activation control for AgNO3 concentrations of above 70 mM. Tartaric acid only slightly shifted the polarization curves towards more electronegative potentials (by approx. 50 mV), but it did not change the rate-determining step. The activation control of the process resulted in the formation of rough and coherent deposits, while the mixed or diffusion control of the process promoted the formation of dendritic-like structures and spongy deposits.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania katodowego osadzania srebra z roztworów AgNO3 zawierających L-kwas winowy. Reakcji katodowej towarzyszy mała polaryzacja elektrody, a redukcja biegnie w zakresie kontroli aktywacyjnej dla stężeń AgNO3 powyżej 70 mM. Dodatek kwasu winowego w niewielkim stopniu przesuwa krzywe polaryzacyjne w kierunku bardziej ujemnych potencjałów (o ok. 50 mV), nie zmieniając jednak etapu powolnego reakcji katodowej. W zakresie kontroli aktywacyjnej tworzą się szorstkie i zwarte warstwy srebra, natomiast zakres kontroli mieszanej lub stężeniowej sprzyja tworzeniu się struktur dendrytopodobnych lub gąbczastych.

18

Nitrate concentratio - related safety of drinking water from various sources intended for consumption by neonates and infants

Królak E., Raczuk J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2018

|

Vol. 44, no. 1

3--9

EN

The aim of the paper is to compare nitrate concentrations in samples of supply water as well as water from deep and dug wells located in the eastern region of Poland. Additionally, samples of bottled water (spring and natural mineral), certified by the Institute of Mother and Child and the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, were subjected to analyses. On the basis of the obtained results, health risks related to the occurrence of methemoglobinemia in neonates and infants were evaluated. The risk analysis was performed according to the procedure recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Nitrate concentrations in the examined samples ranged from: 0.153–161.1 mg/l. The lowest concentration of nitrates was determined in the samples of bottled water, the highest being detected in the water from dug wells. It was found that nitrate concentration in samples of bottled and supply water did not pose any risk to the health of neonates and infants. The highest health risk related to methemoglobinemia occurs for neonates consuming water originating from dug wells. The risk decreases along with the age of an infant.

PL

Porównano stężenie azotanów w próbkach wody wodociągowej, ze studni głębinowych i kopanych zlokalizowanych na obszarze wschodniej Polski oraz w wody butelkowanej (źródlana i naturalna mineralna), posiadającej atest Instytutu Matki i Dziecka i Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników dokonano oceny ryzyka zdrowotnego, związanego z występowaniem methemoglobinemii u noworodków i niemowląt. Ocenę ryzyka wykonano zgodnie z procedurą rekomendowaną przez Amerykańska Agencję Ochrony Środowiska. Stężenie azotanów w badanych próbkach wody zmieniało się w zakresie: 0,153–161,1 mg/l. Najmniejsze stężenie azotanów oznaczono w próbkach wody butelkowanej, największe odnotowano w próbkach wody studziennej. Ustalono, że stężenie azotanów w próbkach wody butelkowanej i wodociągowej nie stanowi zagrożenia dla zdrowia noworodków i niemowląt. Największe ryzyko zdrowotne związane z narażeniem noworodków na methemoglobinemię może występować w przypadku spożycia wody ze studni kopanych. Zmniejsza się ono wraz z wiekiem niemowlęcia.

19

Vertical migrations in an Alpine grassland cambisol after long-term sewage sludge application

Sager M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2017

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

141--158

EN

Differences between vertical mobilities of nutrient and trace elements within a long-term sludge-treated and an adjacent untreated Alpine grassland cambisol were investigated by column experiments. The site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 Mg/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm layers thereof. Elution was performed with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm), as well as with equal volume of manure after biogas production. Long-term sludge treatment increased organic carbon, formation of ammonium and nitrate, and increased vertical mobility of K, P, S, Cu, and Fe, but also slightly higher (below 10-fold) for Na, Sr, Ba, Ni and V. Additional application of manure was of minor effect, mainly upon nitrate formation, and upon leaching of Fe, Mn as well as Fe/Mn proportion. Prior addition of FeCl2 to the manure in order to increase sulfide precipitation, mainly affected the output of ammonia, but hardly the cations or anions (e.g. P) investigated.

20

Distribution of nitrogen compounds in important sections of sugar beets

Bąk P., Antczak-Chrobot A., Wojtczak M.

Biotechnology and Food Science

|

2016

|

Vol. 80, nr 1

53--61

EN

In literature the beet is often described as consisting of the following technologically important sections: crown, root and tail. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of nitrogen compounds in the technologically important beet sections of untopped sugar beets with particular emphasis on the content of nitrate and nitrite. The Finezja sugar beet variety had been collected from the clamps in one of the Polish sugar factories in October during 2013/2014 campaign. The untopped sugar beets were divided into three sections: crown, root and tail. The content of total amount of nitrogen, proteinaceous nitrogen, α-amino nitrogen, the sum of the amide and ammonia nitrogen, nitrates and nitrite in these sections were determined. Although the crown of the sugar beet represented only 14.7% of it mass, this section contained on average 30% of the total quantity of α-amino acids as well as amide and ammonia nitrogen.This section contained approximately 77% of the total quantity of nitrate and 88% of nitrite. Untopped sugar beets would introduce much higher amounts of nitrogen compounds in comparison to topped raw material.