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1

Testing the quality of spring waters in tourist area in Leśniów (southern Poland)

Dąbrowska Dominika, Ruman Marek, Rykała Wojciech

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2026

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Vol. 42, iss. 1

221--241

EN

Springs are important to ecosystems because they are naturally occurring outflows of groundwater to the surface. Spring water quality is often overlooked in areas where the main source for the water supply is, for example, groundwater. Meanwhile, springs located in urban spaces or tourist areas are used as drinking water without any awareness of their chemical state or bacteriological composition. This situation applies not only to Poland, but to many European countries. An example of formations that are highly susceptible to pollution is karst systems. The majority of the parameters continue to be normal, according to the results of physicochemical analyses. The tested waters had relatively high nitrate levels, but they didn’t exceed the allowable limits for drinking water. Tests carried out in three measurement series at the spring in Leśniów (southern Poland) indicate episodic mercury contamination and the consistent existence of the bacterium coliform. This was confirmed by the values of the Nemerow Index (NPI), which ranged from approximately 3 to 35, while the number of coliform bacteria was in the range of 7-35 cfu/100 ml. Values of the Water Quality Index were also calculated. In two series, they were in the range of 50-100, suggesting good quality, and in the third series, they exceeded 100, which indicates poor water quality. The consumption of contaminated water can have detrimental impacts on one’s health. As a result, it is critical to regularly monitor water contamination, locate pollution sources, and reduce the likelihood of pollutant migration.

PL

Źródła są ważne dla ekosystemów, ponieważ są naturalnie występującymi wypływami wód podziemnych na powierzchnię. Jakość wody źródlanej jest często pomijana na obszarach, gdzie głównym źródłem zaopatrzenia w wodę jest na przykład woda gruntowa. Tymczasem źródła zlokalizowane w przestrzeniach miejskich lub obszarach turystycznych są wykorzystywane jako woda pitna bez świadomości ich stanu chemicznego lub składu bakteriologicznego. Taka sytuacja nie dotyczy jedynie Polski, lecz także innych krajów europejskich. Przykładem formacji, które są bardzo podatne na zanieczyszczenia, są systemy krasowe. Większość badanych parametrów jest w normie, zgodnie z wynikami analiz fizykochemicznych. Badane wody miały stosunkowo wysokie poziomy azotanów, ale nie przekraczały one dopuszczalnych limitów dla wody pitnej. Testy przeprowadzone w trzech seriach pomiarowych przy źródle w Leśniowie (południowa Polska) wskazują na epizodyczne zanieczyszczenie rtęcią i stałą obecność bakterii coli. Potwierdziły to wartości indeksu Nemerowa (NPI), które wahały się od około 3 do 35, podczas gdy liczba bakterii coli mieściła się w zakresie 7-35 jtk/100 ml. Obliczono również wartości wskaźnika jakości wody. W dwóch seriach mieściły się one w zakresie 50-100, co sugeruje dobrą jakość, a w trzeciej serii przekraczały 100, co wskazuje na słabą jakość wody. Spożywanie zanieczyszczonej wody może mieć szkodliwy wpływ na zdrowie. W związku z tym niezwykle ważne jest regularne monitorowanie skażenia wody, lokalizowanie źródeł zanieczyszczeń i zmniejszanie prawdopodobieństwa migracji zanieczyszczeń.

2

Zoonoses in the Mazowieckie province in comparison with other provinces in Poland

Prędecka Anna, Szafraniec Ewelina

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 1)

99--118

EN

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, human life has several needs in which animals play a key role, such as physiological needs, safety and belongingness. Animals provide humans with food, livelihood as well as companionship. Animal-human interaction carries the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases known as zoonoses, which are caused by pathogens, i.e. bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, etc., that can endanger the community. Zoonoses are of a global significance with respect to environmental change, health, mobility and international trade that leads to their rapid spread. Newly emerging infectious diseases in humans come from animals, which shows the need to increase monitoring, develop diagnoses and strategies in preventing them and their spread. The article is devoted to an analysis of the incidence of zoonoses in humans in the Mazowieckie Province in comparison with other provinces in Poland. The first part of the manuscript focuses on the epidemiology of selected zoonoses, presents the definition and classification of zoonoses, and emphasises their importance in shaping public health. Legal, infrastructural aspects are also described, and reference is made to areas of research in the field of cooperation in the control of zoonoses. The second part of the article presents a correlation analysis using Pearson’s coefficient, for which statistical data were used. Due to the limited amount of available data, the analysis was made for 2020 and 2021. The final part of the article includes guidelines for zoonotic disease control prevention activities. The purpose of this article is to increase public awareness of zoonoses and the resulting risks, and to analyze the factors that influence their development. The study attempts to determine which factors and to what extent influence the development of zoonoses, and also whether hospital infrastructure is adequately prepared to combat zoonoses.

3

Enhancing environmental safety: Innovations in radiation monitoring and security with machine learning

Durlik Irmina, Miller Tymoteusz, Kostecka Ewelina, Sokołowska Sylwia, Kostecki Tomasz, Zwolak Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 84 (156)

34--45

EN

In this article, we delve into the fusion of machine learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to redefine environmental radiation monitoring and security. By harnessing these advanced technologies, this work presents a novel approach to radiation safety, emphasizing enhanced real-time monitoring, precision in detection, and improved regulatory compliance. Through an in-depth analysis of various case studies and methodologies, it uncovers the potential of ML and IoT in overcoming traditional challenges, such as data accuracy and privacy concerns. The discussion extends to the implications of these technologies on environmental safety, offering a forward-looking perspective on the evolution of radiation monitoring systems. This article not only addresses the technical and ethical challenges but also highlights the transformative impact of ML and IoT integration on public health and environmental protection, paving the way for innovative solutions in the domain of environmental safety and security.

4

Microbiological quality and risk assessment of non-regulated lakes used for recreational and economic purposes

Kukułowicz Anita, Jaroniec Wiktoria

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 215

259--267

EN

Purpose: This study aims to assess the microbiological quality and risks associated with nonregulated lakes used for recreational and economic purposes. It highlights the potential risks these lakes pose to public health, especially in terms of waterborne diseases, due to fluctuations in water quality influenced by seasonal variations, human activities, and environmental factors. By evaluating the microbiological contamination levels of lakes that are not part of the formal monitoring system, this research seeks to fill a gap in understanding the risks posed by these bodies of water. Design/methodology/approach: The research employs a combination of water sample collection and microbiological analysis to determine the contamination levels of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli in various water samples taken from a non-regulated lake (Wyspowo Lake). The study compares contamination levels in nearshore and lake center areas during different months to assess variability in water quality. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of differences between sampling sites. Findings: The study found that the water quality in Wyspowo Lake generally met the acceptable bathing water quality standards. However, exceedances of Enterococcus spp. counts were recorded, particularly for two shore samples collected in June and five collected in July. Shore samples consistently showed higher bacterial levels than samples collected from the lake center, especially for Enterococcus spp. These findings highlight the need for increased monitoring of non-regulated lakes to protect public health. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited by seasonal sampling and the absence of continuous monitoring. Future research could involve more frequent sampling and explore the effects of local human activities on water quality. Practical implications: Improved monitoring systems for non-regulated lakes are essential for protecting public health. The study suggests integrating quality and risk management strategies into local monitoring practices. Social implications: The study has significant social implications as it highlights the potential health risks posed by non-regulated lakes, which are often frequented by local communities for recreational purposes. By improving water quality monitoring and public awareness, the research could contribute to better public health outcomes and foster a culture of responsible recreational use of natural resources. Additionally, it could inform local policy decisions related to water management and environmental health, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for people living near these lakes. Originality/value: This article provides original insight into the microbiological quality and risk assessment of an unregulated lake. It adds value to this field by addressing the microbiological safety of lakes not covered by official regulatory systems and proposing practical solutions for improving water quality monitoring and risk management. The article is intended for local authorities, environmental health experts, and public health, water management, and environmental policy researchers

5

Koordynacja regulacji dotyczących zdrowia publicznego, marketingu, składu i bezpieczeństwa suplementów diety w Unii Europejskiej : doświadczenia Polski

Mucha Dominika, Dissarz Joanna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 1

163--179

PL

Dokonano przeglądu i analizy europejskich oraz polskich wymagań prawnych dotyczących suplementów diety. Wskazano, że proces harmonizacji europejskiego systemu regulacyjnego wciąż wymaga ujednolicenia zasad dotyczących składników suplementów diety innych niż witaminy i minerały. Suplementy diety definiuje się jako środki spożywcze sprzedawane w postaci „dawek” (np. tabletki, kapsułki, płyny w odmierzonych porcjach) i przeznaczone do uzupełniania lub korygowania normalnej diety. Stanowią one skoncentrowane źródło dodatków odżywczych (np. witamin, minerałów) oraz m.in. aminokwasów, błonnika, niezbędnych kwasów tłuszczowych, ekstraktów roślinnych, grzybów, alg, mikroorganizmów. Są zaprojektowane do kompensacji niedoborów kluczowych substancji w organizmie, takich jak: kofaktory enzymatyczne, grupy prostetyczne lub ich prekursory, aminokwasy egzogenne.

EN

A review, with 53 refs., of European and Polish legal acts on food supplements (pills, tablets, capsules, syrups), intended to enhance or correct the normal diet. They can include natural or synthetic substances (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fibres, essential fatty acids, herbal extracts, fungi, algae, microorganisms) and can bring nutritional or physiolog. effects.

6

Cancer diseases in the public health system from the perspective of the well-being economy - the human capital theory approach

Dokurno Zbigniew

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 1

art. no. 1082

EN

Purpose: This paper explores the challenges of transitioning to well-being economy the problem of cancer diseases from the perspective of public health and human capital theory. The research question is how to achieve the standard of public health according to DET requirements, decreasing the level of cancer diseases. Methodology/Approach: The research utilises the concept of doughnut economics theory (DET) and neoclassical model consumer optimisation connected with New Public Health Theory (NPHT) and selected elements of human capital approach. Findings: Optimization of public health policy, taking into account cancer diseases, implies the optimum in accordance with Gossen's second law and requires determining the opportunity cost of expenditure on treatment and prevention in comparison with lost benefits in the form of wages and other indirect costs. Research Limitations/Implications: Due to the limited volume of the article, the American market was only analysed as the most developed one. Practical Implications: An optimisation model was created for the use in a developed public health system. Social Implications: The possibility of using the model in public health policy in the well-being economy. Originality/Value: An original calculation of the costs of cancer diseases was made based on the cost of lost wages and behavioural factors shaping their prevention and treatment costs were identified.

PL

Cel: Artykuł przedstawia problem chorób nowotworowych w gospodarce dobrostanu z perspektywy system zdrowia publicznego oraz teorii kapitału ludzkiego. Pytanie badawcze dotyczy tego w jaki sposób osiągnąć standard zdrowia publicznego zgodny z wymogami ekonomii obwarzanka obniżając poziom zachorowań na nowotwory. Metodyka: Przedstawione badania wykorzystują koncepcję “ekonomii obwarzanka” oraz neoklasyczny model optymalizacji konsumpcji z wykorzystaniem funkcji typu Cobba-Douglasa, nowej teorii zdrowia publicznego, teorii kapitału ludzkiego. Sposób rozwiązania problem badawczego: Optymalizacja polityki zdrowia publicznego, uwzględniająca choroby nowotworowe, polega na wyznaczeniu optimum zgodnego z drugim prawem Gossena oraz wymaga określenia kosztu alternatywnego nakładów na leczenie i prewencję w zestawieniu z utraconymi korzyściami w postaci wynagrodzeń oraz innymi kosztami pośrednimi. Ograniczenia badawcze: W artykule z uwagi na ograniczoną objętość dokonano analizy rynku amerykańskiego, jako najbardziej rozwiniętego. Wdrożenia praktyczne: Stworzono model optymalizacyjny do wykorzystania w rozwiniętym systemie zdrowia publicznego. Zastosowania społeczne: Możliwość wykorzystania modelu w polityce ochrony zdrowia publicznego w gospodarce dobrostanu. Oryginalność/wartość dodana: Dokonano autorskiej kalkulacji kosztów chorób nowotworowych w oparciu o koszt utraconych wynagrodzeń oraz określono czynniki behawioralne kształtujące ich prewencję oraz koszty leczenia.

7

Urban waste management and challenges in emerging smart city systems governance and circular economy perspectives

Choudhury Mcdonald, Suhag Meenakshi, Jha Priyanka, Harne Kailash Rajaram, Samanta Palas, Choudhury Moharana, Borgohain Ranjan Bikash, Majumdar Sushobhan, Kravchenko Yuliia, Choudhary Rakesh

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 10

243--266

EN

Urban waste management has emerged as a critical public health and environmental issue globally, driven by rapid urbanization, population growth, and increased tourism. This study focuses on the urban waste management (UWM) scenario in Guwahati, one of the fastest-growing smart cities in the eastern Indian Himalayan region, with the intention of assessing its current practices, challenges, and technological interventions. The research employed a mixed-method approach, combining extensive field observations and secondary data analysis to determine the municipal solid waste management system in Guwahati. Special emphasis was placed on identifying model wards that have adopted technology-based solutions for waste handling, transportation, and disposal. The study revealed that Guwahati generates approximately 550–600 metric tons of waste per day, with significant gaps in segregation, collection efficiency, and disposal mechanisms. Only a small percentage of waste is processed in scientific treatment facilities, while the rest is disposed of in open dumps, posing serious public health and environmental risks. Model wards demonstrate up to 40% higher waste collection rates, a more circular economy perspective, and increased efficiency due to technological upgrades and improved infrastructure. The study provides a comprehensive snapshot of the overall WM scenario and offers valuable insights into the circular economy. Furthermore, the study highlights the Guwahati smart city in Assam, India, and may not be representative of other Himalayan urban centers. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, researchers, and environmental experts to improve waste management in the fastest-growing urban centers through targeted infrastructure and smart technology interventions. This study is one of the holistic analyses of urban WM in a Himalayan smart city context, linking technological modernization with improved waste handling, urban waste management challenges, and highlighting its public health implications. The study, conducted in Guwahati city, can serve as a model for other urban centers.

8

The impact of the closure of mining plants on the local environment in the perspective of demographic change and public health

Marszowski Ryszard, Jarosławska-Sobór Sylwia, Michalska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

345--358

EN

Nothing stays the same. The only thing you can be sure of in life is change. Trudi Canavan Purpose: in the cognitive space of the article, an important and significant challenge arises, which is - in the perspective of the megatrends indicated in the article, demographic change and public health - the need to prepare a package of socio-economic activities dedicated primarily to the inhabitants of the areas where the process of closing down mining plants will take place. In this context, the issues of demographic change and health should be given priority in these areas in activities promoting social and economic activity in the transformation process. Methodology: the theses presented in the article were verified using the following methods: literature review, critical analysis of literature, analysis and comparison of documents and an example of good practices. Resultat: in the perspective of the next decades, numerous social and economic challenges and effects related to the transformation of mining plants in the space of local communities (commune, district) can be pointed out. While maintaining the hierarchy of objectives described in the European Green Deal Plan and clearly related to the plan for the transformation of mining plants, lasting cooperation of the three key stakeholders in this process, i.e., local communities (representation of local and territorial self-government), employers and representation of state policies, should be expected in their environment. Originality: the conclusions and recommendations from the article may be important for researchers and practitioners involved in the implementation of activities aimed at limiting the marginalization, differentiation and social and economic exclusion of residents of areas where the process of closing mining plants will take place.

9

Zmiany klimatu to zmiany w gospodarce wodno-ściekowej

Łaskawiec Edyta

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 1 (83)

24-28

PL

Zmiany klimatu nieodłącznie wiążą się z negatywnym wpływem na zasoby wodne, jednak dostrzeżenie szerokiego kontekstu problemu często jest utrudnione. Na pojawiające się problemy w gospodarce wodno-ściekowej mogą nakładać się również bariery instytucjonalne, ekonomiczne, zarządcze, a nawet zdrowotne. Dlatego niezbędne jest współdziałanie ekspertów z wielu dziedzin, ciągła edukacja oraz poszukiwanie możliwości adaptacji sektora do nowych wyzwań. Artykuł ma za zadanie zwrócił! uwagę na wybrane problemy współczesnego klimatu, które będą mieć coraz silniejszy wpływ na jakość i ilość wody, ale również na bezpieczeństwo gospodarowania ściekami.

EN

Climate change is inherently associated with negative impacts on water resources, but it is often difficult to see the broader context of the problem. Emerging problems in water and wastewater management may also result from institutional, economic, management, and even health barriers. Therefore, cooperation between experts from many fields, continuous education. and searching for opportunities to adapt the sector to new challenges is necessary. The article aims to draw attention to selected problems of the modern climate, which will have an increasingly more substantial impact on the quality and quantity of water and the safety of wastewater management

10

Higiena w zakładach produkujących żywność a zdrowie publiczne

Wryk Agnieszka

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2024

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T. 78, nr 11

24--27

PL

Choroby przenoszone drogą pokarmową stanowią poważny problem zdrowia publicznego. W Unii Europejskiej każdego roku odnotowuje się ponad 350 tys. przypadków zachorowań u ludzi, ale rzeczywista liczba może być wyższa. Najczęstsze choroby przenoszone drogą pokarmową są wywoływane przez Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia, E. coli i Listeria.

11

Analysis of data on cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in public supply reservoirs (São Paulo, Brazil)

De Souza-Bronstein Caroline Augusta, Moschini-Carlos Viviane

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 4

410--423

EN

The incidence of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs intended for human supply represents a serious health risk due to the ability of these organisms to produce cyanotoxins. The study aimed to collect and summarize information related to variables associated with eutrophication of water sources of the Sorocaba River basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The objective was to assess the occurrence of cyanotoxins in treated water supplied to approximately 800,000 people. The study analyzed data from different abstraction, treatment, and distribution stations, emphasizing the supply from the Itupararanga and Ipanema dams, as well as the Sorocaba River. Data were obtained from the Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Information System (SISAGUA), the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (SAAE), and the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB). A total of 4719 data points for cyanobacteria, chlorophyll-a, and cyanotoxins were analyzed between 2014 and 2021. The results indicate a deterioration in the trophic state of the Sorocaba River and the Itupararanga Dam, revealing a correlation between cyanobacteria and saxitoxins, with a predominance of the genus Raphidiopsis. A microcystin concentration of 0.40 µg l-1 was recorded at the Itupararanga Dam in treated water.

12

Selected pollutants of the aquatic environment - challenges, health hazards, and removal methods

Karbowniczek Martyna, Pajura Rebeka, Kida Małgorzata, Ziembowicz Sabina, Mikuła Karolina

Instal

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2024

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nr 12

58--64

EN

The current challenge for environmental protection is pollution from the group of emerging pollutants (ECs). Emerging contaminants are a group of highly toxic substances present in the environment at very low concentrations. These contaminants often enter aquatic ecosystems from various sources, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial chemicals. Due to their bioaccumulative properties, ECs can move through the food chain, eventually reaching human bodies. Due to their bioaccumulative properties, ECs can move through the trophic chain, eventually reaching the human body. The aim of the article was to indicate the need for further research on the toxicity of these pollutants, their impact on the environment and human health, and to develop guidelines regulating their permissible concentrations. The importance of developing effective methods for removing ECs from various environmental components was also pointed out. Implementing these removal techniques, alongside regulations limiting the use of these substances, is essential to protect water quality and public health.

PL

Aktualnym wyzwaniem dla ochrony środowiska są zanieczyszczenia z grupy nowo pojawiających się zanieczyszczeń (ECs). Nowopojawiające się zanieczyszczenia to grupa silnie toksycznych substancji obecnych w środowisku w bardzo niskich stężeniach. Te zanieczyszczenia często przedostają się do ekosystemów wodnych z różnych źródeł, takich jak produkty farmaceutyczne, kosmetyki i chemikalia przemysłowe. Ze względu na właściwości bioakumulacyjne, ECs mogą przemieszczać się przez łańcuch troficzny, ostatecznie docierając do organizmu człowieka. Ich trwałość sprawia, że pozostają w środowisku przez wiele lat, co prowadzi do szkodliwych skutków dla różnych elementów ekosystemu oraz zdrowia ludzi. Celem artykułu było wskazanie potrzeb dalszych badań nad toksycznością tych zanieczyszczeń, ich wpływem na środowisko i zdrowie ludzi oraz opracowania wytycznych regulujących ich dopuszczalne stężenia. Wskazano również znaczenie opracowania skutecznych metod usuwania ECs z różnych komponentów środowiska. Wdrożenie technik usuwania tych zanieczyszczeń oraz przepisów ograniczających ich stosowanie, jest niezbędne do ochrony jakości wody i zdrowia publicznego.

13

Nadzór nad legionellą zgodnie z międzynarodowymi standardami i zaleceniami

Zimoch Izabela, Mulik Barbara

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2023

|

nr 4

10--20

PL

Jeśli instalacje wewnętrzne i urządzenia chłodnicze, które są głównym źródłem zakażeń legionellą, będą projektowane, budowane i eksploatowane we właściwy sposób, zgodnie z uznanymi standardami, nie będzie dochodzić do zachorowań na legionelozę.

14

Risk Assessment as a Decision-Making Tool in the Field of Public Health and Environment

Wójcik Waldemar, Savina Nataliia, Kovshun Nataliia, Akselrod Roman, Bezsmertna Oksana V., Adikanova Saltanat, Akbarova Gulviram

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 8

271--276

EN

The article deals with the current issues of interconnection between public health and the quality of water resources. It was proposed to determine environmental safety areas in the basins of small rivers based on environmental morbidity valuation. Four phases are herewith determined: hazard identification, exposure assessment, environmental mortality rate assessment, decision-making regarding the need for implementation and water protection measures. In order to assess the influence of the state of river quality on the health status of the population in the certain administrative region, the impact factor of recreational water use was introduced. The risks related to organoleptic, sanitary and toxicological properties of water; epidemiological water hazard are considered.

15

Wybrane działania na rzecz poprawy gotowości na wypadek katastrof w ramach wdrażania programu Sendai w Polsce

Goniewicz Krzysztof

Aviation and Security Issues

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2023

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No. 1

55--65

PL

W obecnych czasach zjawiska pogodowe stają się coraz bardziej skrajne i niebezpieczne. Wraz ze zmianą klimatu zwiększa się również podatność społeczeństw i poszczególnych regionów na ryzyko występowania różnego rodzaju zagrożeń. Założenia programu Sendai dotyczące ograniczenia ryzyka związanego z klęskami żywiołowymi na lata 2015-2030 to pierwsze globalne ramy polityczne programu ONZ na okres po 2015 r. W Polsce, podobnie jak i na świecie, problematyka zdrowia publicznego, w tym reagowania kryzysowego, wydaje się kluczowym aspektem, którym należy się zająć w ramach programowego podejścia polegającego na ograniczaniu ryzyka związanego z katastrofami naturalnymi. Pilnym i ważnym zadaniem jest opracowanie planu postępowania z ryzykiem na poziomie kraju, który będzie zawierał nie tylko diagnozę w obszarze ryzyka katastrof, ale również określi obecne zdolności administracyjno-organizacyjne, a także dostępne środki techniczne i finansowe. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie inicjatyw związanych z reagowaniem na wypadek klęsk żywiołowych podejmowanych w Polsce w ramach wdrażania programu Sendai. Przeprowadzono przegląd zarówno dokumentów prawnych, organizacyjnych, jak i literatury naukowej związanej z analizowanym tematem.

EN

Nowadays, weather conditions are becoming more extreme and dangerous. Along with climate change, the vulnerability of societies and individual regions to the risk of various types of threats also increases. The Sendai Disaster Risk Reduction Framework 2015-2030 is the first global policy framework of the post-2015 UN programme. In Poland, as in the world, the issue of public health, including crisis response, seems to be a key aspect that should be addressed as part of the program approach of reducing the risk associated with natural disasters. An urgent and important task is to develop a risk management plan at the country level, which will include not only a diagnosis in the area of disaster risk but will also define the current administrative and organizational capabilities, as well as available technical and financial resources. The aim of the article was to present initiatives related to responding to natural disasters undertaken in Poland as part of the implementation of the Sendai program. The aim of the article was to present the initiative in connection with the response to hazards and disasters in Poland under the Sendai framework. A review of legal and organizational documents as well as scientific literature related to the analyzed issue was conducted.

16

Szczepionki mRNA przeciwko chorobom zakaźnym zasady, dostarczanie i zastosowanie kliniczne

Ernst Andrzej

Przemysł Farmaceutyczny

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2022

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nr 1

56--60

PL

Szczepienia są niewątpliwie najskuteczniejszym działaniem w obszarze zdrowia publicznego w zapobieganiu rozprzestrzeniania się chorób zakaźnych. Kampanie szczepień wyeliminowały choroby zagrażające życiu - ospę prawdziwą czy poliomyelitis (choroba Heinego-Medina). Mimo jednak oczywistego sukcesu, konwencjonalne szczepionki nie są skuteczne w zwalczaniu patogenów takich jak zarodziec malarii Plasmodium falciparum, wirus zapalenia wątroby typu C czy ludzki wirus niedoboru odporności (HIV), które unikają nadzoru immunologicznego. Co więcej, wymagają one regularnych modyfikacji, aby sprostać szybko mutującym patogenom, takim jak wirus grypy.

17

Waste fires in Poland and some of Their Environmental Implications – A Ten-Year Perspective

Bihałowicz Jan Stefan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

147--157

EN

Economic growth and development are connected with the increase in consumption. One of the side effects of progress is waste production. Sustainable development would also include proper management of waste, focusing on their recycling. However, the direct costs of recycling sometimes exceed the costs of waste storage. Therefore, waste storage in landfills is still widespread. Improper waste storage or deliberate actions can lead to waste fires. In the work, the statistics of landfill fires from the years 2012 to 2021 were analyzed. The work includes statistics of the parameters of fires reported in the reports of Polish State Fire Services. Additionally, the usage of the resources and materials for firefighting and their trends were discussed. It was shown that resources required for extinguishing waste fires were increasing in this period. The statistics are accompanied by spatiotemporal analyses of the location of fires based on Corine Land Cover which showed that approximately half of the fires are on arable land and non-continuous urban fabric while fires at dumpsites are relatively rare. The important concern is also that around 10% of very big waste fires are in forests. All these analyses lead to the assessment of some environmental impacts which are caused by waste fires.

18

Technologia wody i ścieków - tradycja i współczesność ujęcie syntetyczne

Dymaczewski Zbysław, Jeż-Walkowiak Joanna, Sozański Marek M.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2022

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Nr 9

38--49

PL

W artykule przedstawiono historię i genezę powstania centralnych systemów zaopatrzenia w wodę i oczyszczania ścieków. Zwrócono uwagę na pojawienie się pojęcia Zdrowia Publicznego sprzężonego ze stanem sanitarnym miast, co przyczyniło się do rozwoju miast i tym samym do rozwoju gospodarczego. W pracy zarysowane zostało powstanie i rozwój technologii uzdatniania wody i oczyszczania ścieków. W artykule scharakteryzowano aktualny stopień zaawansowania tych technologii. Autorzy przedstawili również prognozę dotyczącą dalszego rozwoju współczesnej gospodarki wodno-ściekowej w miastach.

EN

The article presents the history and genesis of the creation of central water supply and wastewater treatment systems. Attention was drawn to the emergence of the concept of Public Health linked to the sanitary condition of cities, which contributed to the development of cities and thus to economic development. The paper outlines the origin and development of water and wastewater treatment technologies. The article describes the current level of advancement of these technologies. The authors also presented a forecast concerning the further development of modern water and sewage management in cities.

19

Towards a sustainable transport in Algeria: the requisite of energy transition in the road transport sector

Chetta Saif Eddine, Nait Amar Nadra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 112

33--49

EN

Less than ten years ago, Algeria embarked on an energy transition with the objectives of sustainable development. Although it concerns all economic sectors, efforts made in the field of road transport, as the main polluter and energy consumer at the national level, are far from being sufficient despite its inclusion in policy statements. This sector is operational exclusively on fossil and exhaustible energies whereas its atmospheric pollutants and gaseous emissions are highly harmful to the environment, public health and the economy. Thus, this paper points out the emergency of an energy transition in the road transport sector to clean and renewable energy as a necessity rather than a choice. It highlights, first, the characteristics of the Algerian automobile fleet and its various impacts and damages on the environment, public health and the economy. Furthermore, it evaluates the various policy initiatives towards sustainable transport and their deficiencies. Hence, the right attitudes and regulatory instruments towards sustainable transport in Algeria are recommended.

20

Assessment of integrated indoor environmental air quality parameters in selected church buildings of Faisalabad city: a statistical based comparative study

Hussain Zahid, Khan Mohammad S., Kundi Kundi, Alaf Kashif, Ullah Yasir

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 1

134--147

EN

The objective of this study is to control the air quality parameters for a selected range of different particulate matters. A comprehensive experimental approach is established to regulate the quality of air about a selected range of different air pollutants being investigated in the indoor atmosphere of the church building. Relative humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, particulate matter and radon were considered as the factors of air quality extents. For establishing the association among the selected parameters, the data were mathematically analyzed. The correlation coefficient confirmed a strong relationship between the indoor CO2 level and the number of public. A negative relationship between the indoor CO2 extent and indoor temperature confirmed that due to the increase in temperature the concentration of CO2 decreased as well. A solid adverse connection among indoor relative humidity and indoor air temperature showed that due to the increase in air temperature, the level of the relative humidity decreased. Some recommendations were proposed for the treatment of air quality in church buildings for human well-being.