Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ceramika w sztuce sakralnej Krzysztofa Henisza

Kaniasta Hanna

Szkło i Ceramika

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2026

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R. 77, nr 2

62--72

PL

Krzysztof Henisz, malarz, ilustrator i ceramik, współtwórca eksperymentu łysogórskiego polegającego na wprowadzeniu do architektury kompozycji ceramicznych opartych na malarstwie abstrakcyjnym, stworzył w latach 60. i 70. XX wieku szereg dzieł ceramicznych w dziedzinie sztuki sakralnej. Początek jego działań wiązał się z rozpoczęciem powojennej dyskusji o konieczności odnowy sztuki kościelnej i decyzji Soboru Watykańskiego II otwierającego sztuce współczesnej wstęp do kościołów. Prace Henisza to barwne, figuratywne płaskorzeźby, umieszczane wewnątrz lub na zewnątrz kościołów, najczęściej sceny ukrzyżowania, stacje drogi krzyżowej, emblematy z symbolami wiary i symbolami ewangelistów, a także krucyfiksy i chrzcielnice. Dzieła te są interesującym przykładem zastosowania ceramiki w powojennej sztuce sakralnej.

EN

Ceramics in the sacred art of Krzysztof HeniszKrzysztof Henisz, a painter, illustrator, and ceramist, co-founder of the Łysa Góra experiment, which introduced ceramic compositions based on abstract painting into architecture, created a number of ceramic works in the field of sacred art in the 1960s and 1970s. His work began with the post-war discussion on the need to renew ecclesiastical art and the decision of the Second Vatican Council to allow contemporary art into churches. Henisz's works are colorful, figurative bas-reliefs, placed inside or outside churches, most often depicting scenes of the Crucifixion, Stations of the Cross, emblems with symbols of faith and the symbols of the Evangelists, as well as crucifixes and baptismal fonts. These works are an interesting example of the use of ceramics in post-war religious art.

2

Passive double-layer shielding systems, requirements and solutions

Starczewski Lech

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2026

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Nr 2

109--117

EN

This article presents a general classification of protection levels used by NATO forces, as well as basic requirements for passive vehicle protection systems. It presents the conditions for using lightweight armor systems as additional armor to the basic armor of a combat vehicle, in order to increase the level of protection while minimizing the vehicle's weight. Particular attention is paid to two-layer protective systems composed of a ceramic layer and a laminate layer. A synthetic discussion of the physical processes occurring in such systems when penetrated by a hard-core anti-tank projectile is provided. The Florence analytical model was used to consider the effectiveness of the two-layer armor, which was used to determine the material configuration and create the shield models. Ballistic tests verified the effectiveness of the shields by exposing them to fire from a 7.62 AP anti-tank projectile with a hard tungsten core, with an energy of approximately 3.65 kJ and an impact velocity exceeding 900 m/s. Based on the results of ballistic tests and observations of the behavior of the tested shield models, an analysis of the energy absorption mechanisms of the protective system components was conducted. The balance of internal energy accumulated by the system was also presented. The paper contains a discussion of the results and conclusions.

3

Promieniotwórczość naturalna ceramiki budowlanej badanej w Polsce w latach 2021–2024

Styka Patrycja, Piotrowska Barbara, Isajenko Krzysztof

Bezpieczeństwo Jądrowe i Ochrona Radiologiczna

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2026

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nr 1 (139)

21--25

PL

W latach 2021–2024 wykonano w Polsce badania naturalnej promieniotwórczości ceramiki budowlanej obejmujące 390 próbek płytek, mozaiki, ceramiki sanitarnej, bloków i blatów ceramicznych zarówno producentów polskich jak i sprowadzanych z zagranicy. Ocenę prowadzono zgodnie z wymaganiami prawnymi określonymi w rozporządzeniu Rady Ministrów z 17 grudnia 2020 r. [1], wykorzystując wskaźnik stężenia promieniotwórczego (I), który uwzględnia stężenie izotopów 40K, 226Ra i 232Th. Analiza wyników wskazuje, że dominująca część materiałów ceramicznych w Polsce mieści się w dopuszczalnych granicach określonych przez przepisy. Warto podkreślić, że wartość wskaźnika I powyżej 1 nie oznacza automatycznie, że materiał jest niebezpieczny — jest to jedynie wskaźnik orientacyjny stosowany w ocenie narażenia na promieniowanie. Średnie wartości wskaźnika I wahały się od 0,57 dla ceramiki ogólnej do 1,11 dla ceramiki sanitarnej. W przypadku bloków ceramicznych oraz ceramiki sanitarnej część próbek osiągnęła wartości graniczne lub przekraczające wartość 1. Łącznie 97,69% badanych próbek charakteryzowało się wskaźnikiem I 1,0, natomiast 2,31% próbek przekroczyło dopuszczalny poziom, co wyklucza je z wprowadzenia do obrotu na terenie Polski. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że większość ceramiki budowlanej stosowanej w Polsce spełnia obowiązujące rozporządzenia i przepisy, a odnotowane przekroczenia wskazują na potrzebę systematycznej kontroli wyrobów przed wprowadzeniem ich na rynek.

XX

Between 2021 and 2024, studies on the natural radioactivity of building ceramics in Poland were carried out on 390 samples, including tiles, mosaics, sanitary ceramics, blocks, and ceramic countertops both Polish producers and those imported from abroad. The assessment was conducted in accordance with the legal requirements set out in the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 17 December 2020 [1], using the radioactivity concentration index (I), which takes into the account the concentration of 40K, 226Ra i 232Th. The analysis of the results indicates that the majority of ceramic materials in Poland fall within the permissible limits established by regulations. It should be emphasized that an index I above 1 does not automatically mean that the material is hazardous — it is merely an indicative parameter used to assess radiation exposure. Average radioactivity concentration index (I) values ranged from 0.57 for general ceramics to 1.11 for sanitary ceramics. For ceramic blocks and sanitary ceramics, some samples reached or exceeded the permissible threshold. Overall, 97.69% of the tested samples showed an index I 1.0, while 2.31% exceeded the allowable level, disqualifying them from trade and therefore from safe use in construction. The results show that most construction ceramics used in Poland comply with the applicable regulations, and the observed exceedances highlight the need for systematic control of products before their introduction to the market.

4

Piany luminescencyjne – opracowanie technologii autorskiej

Majsiak Lena, Mazurczyk Wiktoria

Szkło i Ceramika

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2025

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R. 76, nr 3

47--55

PL

Opisana technologia pian luminescencyjnych jest wynikiem połączenia dwóch indywidualnie opracowanych technologii. Autorskie szkliwa luminescencyjne umożliwiają wytwarzanie obiektów ceramicznych stosowanych jako alternatywne źródło światła, zaś piany ceramiczne to materiały o właściwościach dźwiękochłonnych, podlegające wielokrotnemu recyklingowi. Wykonanie wspólnego tworzywa podyktowane było celem uzyskania kombinacji właściwości obu tych autorskich materiałów i poszerzenia tym samym obszaru badań i możliwości przyszłych zastosowań. Niniejszy artykuł przybliża specyfikę zagadnień związanych z luminescencją i pianami ceramicznymi oraz opisuje wspólnie opracowaną technologię i towarzyszącą jej drogę badawczą.

EN

The described luminescent foam technology is the result of combining two individually developed technologies. Luminescent glazes enable the production of ceramic objects used as an alternative light source, while ceramic foams are materials with sound-absorbing properties that can be recycled multiple times. The realization of a joint material was motivated by the goal of combining the properties of both original materials and thus expanding the area of research and possibilities for future applications. This article introduces the specifics of issues related to luminescence and ceramic foams and describes the collaboratively developed technology and the accompanying research path.

5

Otrzymywanie lekkich i wytrzymałych warstwowych kompozytów metalicznych i metaliczno-ceramicznych

Kowalski Wojciech

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2025

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nr 1-2

38--44

PL

W jaki sposób można otrzymać kompozyty metaliczne i metaliczno-ceramiczne? Jakie metody należy zastosować, by połączyć różne metale?

6

The influence of spark plasma sintering parameters on the microstructure, physical, and mechanical properties of ZrO2–3 mol% Y2O3 ceramics

Kulyk V.V., Duriagina Z.A., Vasyliv B.D., Lyutyy P.Y., Klimczyk P., Vavrukh V.I., Kostryzhev A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 132, nr 2

73--85

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to study the effect of the SPS sintering temperature on the transformation of the phase composition, microstructure, and the set of physical and mechanical properties of ZrO2–3 mol% Y2O3 ceramics. Design/methodology/approach: Yttria-stabilised zirconia ceramic samples of the ZrO2–3 mol% Y2O3 composition (3YSZ) were fabricated from corresponding powder by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperatures of 1150–1350°C under a constant pressure of 63 MPa with a holding time of 4 min. The sample density and porosity were estimated by Archimedes’ method. The elastic moduli of the ceramics were determined using a Panametrics EPOCH III ultrasonic tester. Microhardness of the ceramics was determined by the Vickers indentation method using a NOVOTEST TC-MKB1 microhardness tester. The fracture toughness of the ceramics was estimated by the single-edge notched beam (SENB) and the Vickers indentation test methods. A UIT STM 050 test machine with a self-made three-point bending test unit was used for the determination of the SENB fracture toughness and flexural strength of the ceramics. All mechanical tests were performed in air at 20°C. A Malvern Panalytical X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used for XRD analysis. Scanning electron microscopes, Hitachi SU3900 and Thermo Scientific Apreo 2C, Findings: It is shown that 3YSZ ceramics sintered at 1200°C have the optimal phase composition and morphology of the individual microstructure components, which provides the highest crack growth resistance. Due to the differences in the microstructure of ceramics manufactured by the high-speed spark plasma sintering method, it is recommended to use traditional methods of fracture mechanics, along with the indentation method, to determine their fracture toughness accurately. Research limitations/implications: The operating atmosphere, temperature, and pressure are the crucial parameters for the ceramic products. It requires estimating the microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the ceramics under such conditions. Practical implications: The research results enable the design of the microstructure of 3YSZ ceramics through SPS sintering, providing high reliability of ceramic products across various industrial branches by achieving the necessary physical and mechanical properties. Originality/value: The balance of tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia phases and microstructure of the 3YSZ ceramics sintered by SPS at various temperatures were evaluated and linked to the mechanical behaviour of the ceramics; the SENB and Vickers indentation methods were applied to estimate crack growth resistance of 3YSZ ceramics, and a high-energy consuming fracture micromechanism corresponding to the appropriate sintering mode was found.

7

Przegrody pionowe w technologii tradycyjnej budownictwa jednorodzinnego w aspekcie inwestorów

Drozd Wojciech, Kołbon Mikołaj

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 1-2

101--104

PL

W artykule poruszono problematykę wyboru technologii wznoszenia budynku mieszkalnego, jednorodzinnego z punktu widzenia inwestorów. Przedstawiono w nim wyniki badania ankietowego, umożliwiające poznanie obecnych tendencji panujących wśród tych uczestników inwestycyjnego procesu budowlanego.

EN

The article discusses the issue of choosing the technology for constructing a residential, single-family building from the point of view of investors. It presents the results of the survey, enabling us to learn about the current trends among these participants in the construction investment process.

8

The settlement of the Baden culture at site Pietrzejowice 14, Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca commune. Results of the archaeological and archaeobotanical analyses of the materials from the 2021 excavations

Nowak Maciej, Juźwińska Gabriela

Folia Quaternaria

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2024

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nr 92

47--67

EN

Rescue excavations conducted at site Pietrzejowice 14 in the commune of Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca revealed a settlement of the late classic phase of the Baden culture (3100–2900 BC). The material recovered from ten features consisted of fragments of ceramic vessels (829 fragments), spindle whorls and their fragments (three pieces), and flint artefacts (six pieces). The focus of this study is the characterisation of the morphology and decoration of the ceramic vessels. In addition, an archaeobotanical analysis was carried out, which revealed plant remains in charred and mineralised forms. The cultivation of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon) is attested by caryopses and chaff of this cereal. Remains of wild herbaceous plants have also been found. The anthracological material is dominated by oak (Quercus sp.).

9

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) modified with needle-like SiC nanostructures

Pazdyk-Słaby Weronika, Długoń Elżbieta, Zientara Dariusz, Fraczek-Szczypta Aneta

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 3

art. no. e74

EN

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are an excellent material which can possess a wide range of properties through controlling the parameters of the electrospinning process, as well as through thermal treatment. At the same time, CNFs are an excellent substrate for carrying out modifications, both volumetric, at the stage of precursor preparation, and surface modifications. Different methods of introducing various silicon carbide (SiC) precursors into the spinning solution enables the formation of needleshaped SiC nanostructures on the CNF surface. This work presents an attempt to obtain nanofibrous carbon materials modified in volume and on the surface with SiC precursors, along with their characteristics. The most promising method of creating needle-like SiC nanostructures on the surface of CNFs is the use of volume modification with polysiloxane and silanization of the surface of the CNFs in a organosilicon sol solution.

10

The effect of sintering modes on the crystal lattice parameters and the morphology of the ZrO2–nY2O3 (n = 3–8 mol%) ceramic microstructure components

Kulyk V.V., Duriagina Z.A., Vasyliv B.D., Lyutyy P.Ya., Klimczyk P., Vavrukh V.I., Efremenko V.G., Kostryzhev A., Trostianchyn A.M., Kovbasiuk T.M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 128, nr 1

5--22

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to study the effect of sintering modes, especially the sintering temperature, on the crystal lattice parameters and the morphology of the ZrO2–nY2O3 (n = 3–8 mol%) ceramic microstructure components in relation to corresponding fracture micromechanisms. Design/methodology/approach: The series of ZrO2–nY2O3 (n = 3–8 mol%) ceramics were sintered in an argon atmosphere at temperatures 1450°C, 1500°C, 1550°C, and 1600°C. The cross-sectional surfaces of samples were prepared for microstructure analysis using a grinding and polishing Struers Tegramin machine. Young’s ceramics modulus values were determined using an ultrasonic flaw detector Panametrics EPOCH III 2300. The samples’ density and porosity were determined by the Archimedes’ method. Scanning electron microscopes Hitachi SU3900 and Carl Zeiss EVO-40XVP were used to analyse the microstructure and fracture surface morphology of samples. For estimating chemical compositions in an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mode, an INCA ENERGY 350 spectrometer was utilized. Microhardness measurement was performed on a NOVOTEST TC-MKB1 microhardness tester. The fracture toughness of the material was estimated using a single-edge notch beam (SENB) test and the Vickers indentation test. Both the flexural strength and SENB tests were performed under three-point bending using a UIT STM 050 test machine. All mechanical tests were carried out in air at a temperature of 20°C. Findings: Optimal sintering modes for a variety of YSZ ceramic compositions are found, taking into account the combined effect of the sintering temperature and a percentage of Y2O3, which resulted in a specified balance of cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic zirconia phases, an optimal microstructure features, and the implementation of high-energy fracture micromechanisms responsible for high strength and fracture toughness of YSZ ceramics. Research limitations/implications: To study the behaviour of YSZ ceramics in the operating atmosphere, their microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness should be evaluated under the operating temperature and pressure conditions. Practical implications: Based on the research performed, it is possible to design the microstructure of YSZ ceramic with the necessary physical and mechanical properties to provide high reliability of ceramic products in various industry branches. Originality/value: The balance of cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic zirconia phases, as well as the crystal lattice parameters change, was determined for YSZ ceramics stabilized with the various amounts of yttria, and it was linked to their mechanical behaviour; the Vickers indentation method and SENB method were used to estimate crack growth resistance of YSZ ceramics, and an appropriate fracture micromechanism was found.

11

The reuse of ceramic materials in architectural design - case studies

Magosz Agata

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2024

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Vol. 17, no. 3

35--42

EN

The global construction industry, notorious for resource consumption and waste production, has found an interest in the circular economy and sustainable development practices. This paper examines the reusability of ceramic building materials within architectural designs, emphasizing the principles of the circular economy and the 3R concept with a special focus on reuse. By performing a comparative analysis of 26 buildings the research explores the strategies for reusing ceramic materials. It categorizes reuse into two approaches: recreation and transformation, while also considering the prevention of materials from becoming waste. The analysis scrutinizes the origin and function of materials, their placement in new designs, and the reasons behind their reuse. The study delineates recurring design patterns of using reclaimed building materials. It also categorizes three main approaches to incorporating reused elements into new structures.

12

Fenomeny ognia. Wanda Golakowska i cztery dekady Pracowni Ceramiki na Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie

Wolska-Pabian Karolina

Szkło i Ceramika

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2023

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R. 74, nr 3

39--43

PL

Artykuł przedstawia postać Wanady Golakowskiej, niedocenionej artystki, ceramiczki, uczennicy i następczyni Karola Tichego na stanowisku kierownika pracowni ceramiki na Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie. Golakowska pracowała na uczelni niespełna 40 lat. Pracę na stanowisku młodszego asystenta rozpoczęła w 1933 r. jeszcze jako studentka, od 1935 r. była starszym asystentem, a w przededniu wybuchu wojny, w czerwcu 1939 r., Rada Profesorów przyjęła jej nominację na stanowisko docenta. Od razu po zakończeniu wojny Wanda Golakowska wróciła do pracy i kierowała pracownią ceramiki do 1971 r. W swojej twórczości skupiała się przede wszystkim na szkliwach redukcyjnych. Często pokrywała szkliwami naczynia wykonane przez swoich kolegów i studentów. Jej osiągnięciem były szkliwa „tłuste” o charakterystycznej półbłyszczącej powłoce. Niewielka ilość przypisywanych jej prac znajduje się w zbiorach muzeów i kolekcjach prywatnych.

EN

The article presents the character of Wanada Golakowska, an underestimated artist, ceramicist, student, and successor of Karol Tichy as the head of the ceramics studio at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. Golakowska worked at the university for almost 40 years. She started working as a junior assistant in 1933 while being still a student, from 1935 she was a senior assistant, and on the eve of the outbreak of war, in June 1939, the Council of Professors accepted the nomination for the position of the associate professor. Immediately after the end of the war, Wanda Golakowska returned to work and managed the ceramics studio until 1971. In her work, she focused primarily on reduction glazes. She often glazed dishes made by her colleagues and students. Her achievement was "oily" glazes with a characteristic semi-gloss coating. A small number of her works are in possession of museums and private collections.

13

Application of Simulation Technique for Improving Plant Layout in Ceramic Factory

Kasemset Chompoonoot, Opassuwan Takron, Tangsittikhun Thanakit, Chaiyajina Nititada

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 2

186-194

EN

This study aims to design and improve the plant layout of a ceramic factory by adopting Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and the simulation technique. A ceramic company in northern Thailand is selected as a case study. Three ceramic products including roof tiles, wall tiles and dishware are studied due to their highest production volume. Through the SLP approach, information regarding the number of departments and machines, the area of the plant, the frequency of movement and the distance between each department is collected for the analysis of the relationship between departments. Two plant layout designs are then proposed; the first one is derived from the Computerized Relationship Layout Planning algorithm (CORELAP), and the second one is the process layout. For selecting the most appropriate layout design, five criteria are considered including total distance, the average total process time of each unit produced, ease of movement, material flow and safety. To determine the distance and the average total process time per unit, Distance-Based Scoring and simulation techniques are conducted while the ease of movement, material flow and safety are rated based on whether the company satisfies each criterion. Employing the weight scoring technique, the results report that the CORELAP layout is the most suitable for further implementation due to its highest weighted score equal to 2.536 while the process layout receives 2.386. Implementing the CORELAP layout can reduce the total distance by 16.76% while the average total process time per unit of the CORELAP layout is not significantly different at the significance level of 0.05 as compared to the existing layout.

14

Nurt ekologiczny w polskim dizajnie po 1989 roku

Rut Michał

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2023

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R. 79, nr 1-2

70--74

PL

Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej części wskazano na przemiany, jakim ulega projektowanie w dobie kurczących się zasobów i degradacji środowiska. Odniesiono się nie tylko do kwestii zrównoważonego rozwoju, ale również wskazano na rolę nauk humanistycznych w kreowaniu postaw proekologicznych oraz na zjawiska artystyczne mające wpływ na oblicze współczesnego dizajnu. W części drugiej omówiono charakterystyczne projekty podejmujące tematykę ekologiczną w polskim dizajnie po 1989 roku. Usystematyzowano je podług kwestii technologicznych, źródeł inspiracji, zastosowanych form i sposobów komunikacji.

EN

The paper consists of two parts. The first one focuses on the changes that design undergoes in the era of scarce resources and environmental degradation. Not only does it make a reference to the issue of sustainable development but it also points to the role of humanities in creating pro ecological attitudes of society and the artistic phenomena influencing the face of contemporary design. The second part discusses the characteristic projects dealing with ecological issues in Polish design after 1989. They have been systematised according to technological categories, sources of inspiration, used forms and methods of communication.

15

Badania cytotoksyczności ceramik zawierających srebro jako potencjalnych materiałów stomatologicznych

Szurko Agnieszka, Siemaszko Jagoda, Altmann Sandra, Płociniczak Tomasz, Peszke Jerzy, Kiełboń Agnieszka, Cholewka Armand

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2023

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Vol. 12, nr 5

439--443

PL

Materiały stosowane w stomatologii do przygotowania implantów lub protez narażone są na kontakt z licznymi bakteriami obecnymi w jamie ustnej, a nawet na formowanie się na ich powierzchni biofilmu bakteryjnego. Chcielibyśmy stworzyć materiał biozgodny i przeciwbakteryjny poprzez zastosowanie nanosrebra jako domieszki do materiałów ceramicznych. W badaniach biozgodności i cytotoksyczności, wykonanych na komórkach prawidłowych ludzkich fibroblastów oraz keratynocytów, część badanych materiałów została odrzucona ze względu na ich toksyczność. Pozostałe materiały poddano testom bakteriologicznym na wybranych szczepach bakterii, tj. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus oraz Streptococcus mutans. Kompozyt 1 (ceramika Ag.KAOL 10%) hamował wzrost S. mutans, co jest bardzo ważne, gdyż właśnie ta bakteria jest odpowiedzialna za powstawanie próchnicy. Interesujące także okazały się być materiały 8 (ceramika TiO2 rutyl 10% Ag), 9 (ceramika TiO2 anataz 10% Ag). Za najskuteczniejszy względem zwalczania bakterii standardowo występującym w organizmie człowieka, uznano związek 7 (ceramika Ag.SiO2, 20%Ag).

EN

Materials used in dentistry for the preparation of implants or dentures are exposed to contact with numerous bacteria present in the oral cavity and even to the formation of a bacterial biofilm on their surface. We would like to create a biocompatible and antibacterial material by using nanosilver as an admixture for ceramic materials. In biocompatibility and cytotoxicity studies performed on normal human fibroblasts and keratinocytes, some of the tested materials were rejected due to their toxicity. The remaining materials were subjected to bacteriological tests on selected bacterial strains, i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Composite 1 (Ag.KAOL 10% ceramics) inhibited the growth of S. mutans, which is very important because this bacterium is responsible for the formation of caries. Materials 8 (TiO2 rutile 10% Ag ceramics) and 9 (TiO2 anatase 10% Ag ceramics) also turned out to be interesting. Compound 7 (Ag.SiO2 ceramics, 20%Ag) was found to be the most effective in terms of fighting bacteria normally present in the human body.

16

Investigation of antibacterial properties of ceramic substrates coated with calcium phosphate and polymeric nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics

Marszałek Anna, Pudełko-Prażuch Iwona, Krok-Borkowicz Małgorzata

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2023

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vol. 26, no. 169

11--17

EN

This study investigates a biomimetic method of deposition of bioactive calcium phosphate (CaP) layers on zirconium oxide substrates (ZrO2). The substrates contained polymer nanoparticles of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) obtained using the double emulsion method with solvent evaporation. Three antibiotics were encapsulated within the nanoparticles: bacitracin, gentamicin sulphate, and hydrophobic gentamicin, prepared with the use of the ion pairing method. Nanoparticles were immobilized on the substrates using the drop casting or the co-deposition method. The microstructure of the layers and the distribution of the nanoparticles were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The nanoparticles size and their zeta potential were measured using the dynamic light scattering method. The release of drugs over time was examined and the antibacterial properties were evaluated in contact with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the spectrophotometric method and the Kirby-Bauer test. The results show that the layer deposition method is effective and allows to obtain homogenous bioactive coatings. Nanoparticles were agglomerated on the surface or homogenously distributed in the CaP coating, depending on the process used to immobilize them. The drug release profile and antibacterial properties can also be modified by changing the process – the drop casting method allows to obtain a coating with a stronger antimicrobial effect and faster drug release. Nanoparticles obtained by the double emulsion method with solvent evaporation have the required size to be immobilized between the CaP crystallites. Additionally, the encapsulation of drugs decreased the zeta potential of the nanoparticles, which was caused by the interaction of the drug and the polymer. Nanoparticles loaded with bacitracin showed weak antibacterial properties, as the growth inhibition zone in the Kirby-Bauer test was barely visible. Two other types of nanoparticles exhibited good antibacterial properties, exceptionally strong for those loaded with hydrophobic gentamicin

17

Właściwości i zastosowanie kalcytu w przemyśle

Bartczak Martyna

Archiwum Wiedzy Inżynierskiej

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2023

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T. 8, Nr 1

15--17

PL

Kalcyt jest pospolitym minerałem skałotwórczym z grupy węglanów o składzie chemicznym węglanu wapnia (zwany również kalcytem lub podwójnym drzewcem i alternatywnie pisany kalcytem). Należy do ogólnej kategorii minerałów węglanów i azotanów. Swoją nazwę zawdzięcza połączeniu dwóch słów – greckiego chalix i łacińskiego calx, co oznacza wapno. Minerał ten jest jednym z najczęstszych składników kamieniotwórczych, którego kryształy tworzą m.in. wapienia, marmury i oolity. Występuje w wielu kolorach na całym świecie i stanowi ponad 4% światowej gleby. Kalcyty w czystej postaci są kolorowe i przezroczyste. Aragonit i dolomit są pod wieloma względami bardzo podobne do środowiska geologicznego kalcytu. Minerał ten znajduje zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach naszego życia a jego wydobycie sięga już początku XX wieku (na Wyżynie Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej). Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie wybranych zastosowań kalcytu oraz opisanie jego właściwości.

EN

Calcite is a common rock-forming mineral from the carbonate group with the chemical composition of calcium carbonate. It belongs to the general category of carbonate and nitrate minerals. It owes its name to a combination of two words - the Greek chalix and the Latin calx, which means lime. This mineral is one of the most common stone-forming ingredients, whose crystals form e.g. limestones, marbles and oolites. It comes in many colors around the world and makes up over 4% of the world's soil. Pure calcites are colored and transparent. Aragonite and dolomite are in many respects very similar to the geological environment of calcite. This mineral is used in many areas of our lives and its extraction dates back to the beginning of the 20th century (in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland). The article aims to present selected applications of calcite and describe its properties.

18

Investigation on surface roughness and kerf analysis in abrasive water jet machining of silicon carbide

Hynes N.R.J., Asirvatham A.D., Sankaranarayanan R., Raja S., Benita B., Atchaya J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 120, nr 1

30--35

EN

Purpose: Machining silicon carbide (SiC) is challenging due to its brittle and maximum tensile nature. Lapping or laser beam are done with a high cost of manufacturing and low material removal rates. Water abrasive jet cutting is a promising candidate since the machining temperatures and processing force of ceramics are extremely low. Investigation into the abrasive water jet machining of silicon carbide is carried out in the present work. Design/methodology/approach: The variations in traverse speed while abrasive water jet cutting of silicon carbide and its effect on the surface roughness and kerf characteristics are studied. Silicon Carbide abrasive material is used as garnet consisting of 80 mesh. The surface roughness was calculated along with the depth of the cut made during the processing. Findings: The outcomes demonstrated that the traverse speed is more effective upon the surface roughness and is an important factor that damages the top kerf width and the kerf taper angle. Research limitations/implications: Based on the hardness and thickness of the SiC plate, the taper angle is high, and for a feed rate of 10 mm/min, the surface roughness is low. Less thickness of the SiC plate could have a lower taper angle than with high thickness. The erosive force is provided by abrasive material along with the jet stream. Practical implications: Water abrasive fine jet could effectively machinate silicon carbide ceramic material with a better surface finish accurately. Suitable surface roughness with higher productivity can be attained with medium traverse speed. Originality/value: The effect of process parameters on kerf taper angle and top kerf width in the abrasive water jet machining of silicon carbide is explored, considering surface roughness as an important output parameter.

19

Effect of Corrosion on Wear Resistance of the Composite Based on GX120Mn13 Cast Steel Zonally Reinforced with Particles (Al2O3+ZrO2)

Medyński Daniel

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

133--139

EN

The subject of the work are modern composite materials with increased wear resistance intended for elements of machines operating in difficult conditions in the construction and mining industries. The study determined the effect of zone reinforcement of GX120Mn13 cast steel with macroparticles (Al2O3+ZrO2) on the corrosion resistance and abrasion wear of the composite thus obtained. SEM studies have shown that at interface between two phases, and more precisely on the surface of particles (Al2O3+ZrO2) a durable diffusion layers are formed. During the corrosion tests, no significant differences were found between the obtained parameters defining the corrosion processes of GX120Mn13 cast steel and GX120Mn13 with particles (Al2O3+ZrO2) composite. No intergranular corrosion was observed in the matrix of the composite material, nor traces of pitting corrosion at both phases interface. This is very important in terms of tested material’s service life. Reinforcement of cast steel with particles (Al2O3+ZrO2) resulted in a very significant improvement in the abrasion resistance of the composite – by about 70%. After corrosion tests, both materials were subjected to further operational investigations. These examinations consisted in determining the impact of corrosion processes on the durability of the composite in terms of abrasion. The obtained results indicate that corrosion processes did not significantly deteriorate the wear resistance of both the cast steel and the composite.

20

Comparison of traditional processing and additive manufacturing technologies in various performance aspects: a review

Kaikai Xu, Yadong Gong, Qiang Zhao

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e188, 2023

EN

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a revolutionary manufacturing technology. This paper compares the differences between additive manufacturing technologies, such as Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering, Selective Laser Melting, Stereolithography, Layered Object Manufacturing, and traditional manufacturing processes, such as subtractive and equal manufacturing. The paper mainly discusses the differences between laser additive manufacturing and traditional processing technology in processing principles and materials. The development status of metal alloys, polymer composites, ceramics, and concrete are introduced in the paper. The advantages of metal products manufactured by additive manufacturing technology in mechanical properties and microstructure evolution are highlighted. The paper also identifies the reasons limiting the development of additive manufacturing technology and proposes future prospects, providing a theoretical basis for future research on additive manufacturing technology.