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1

Shaping the safety of crew after a mine explosion under the vehicle

Wróbel Tomasz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 1

90--97

EN

The need to develop a national seating system to minimize the effects of mines exploding under the vehicle while maintaining its ergonomics is based on current demand. According to military experts, the greatest need among land-based cars will be for light armored vehicles equipped with various safety-enhancing systems over the next few years. Information from recently completed and currently ongoing hostilities indicates an urgent need to increase the protection of the health and lives of soldiers traveling in vehicles. An important aspect is the current state of equipment in vehicles that are on the equipment of the Polish Armed Forces. Foreign manufacturers of seats are rapidly improving the existing ones and developing new designs, which are very expensive and not always structurally adapted to the interiors of vehicles used in the Polish Armed Forces.

2

Verification of the emergency body lifting system based on pneumatic suspension

Mykhalevych Mykola, Yaryta Oleksandr, Shapovalenko Vladyslav, Don Evgeny

Diagnostyka

|

2025

|

Vol. 26, No. 4

art. no. 2025409

EN

Car accidents are the leading cause of death, with 1.2 million deaths each year, despite improvements in car safety, and forecasts indicate that road traffic fatalities will increase significantly by 2030 due to the increasing number of cars. This trend requires increased passive safety in car design. During independent crash tests that test the side safety of the driver and passengers, the impact energy is distributed and absorbed by the side sills, door pillars and safety bars located inside the doors. Unfortunately, there are no crash tests between cars of different mass and dimensions, for example, when a passenger car is hit from the side by an SUV. The main problem is that the height of the crossbar with crash boxes in an SUV is higher than the safety bars in the doors of a passenger car. Thus, it is difficult to predict the distribution of kinetic energy of the impact and the degree of injury to the driver and passengers of a passenger vehicle. A study of experimental emergency body lifting systems based on an electro-mechanical system and a hydropneumatic system at the moment of a side impact has been conducted. Such a system allows for 0.5 seconds to raise the car body to a height of 85 millimeters relative to the zero position and reduce injuries by 50% on the side where the side impact will occur. Using mathematical modeling, the functioning of the system and the possibility of implementing an emergency body lifting system based on a pneumatic suspension system were analyzed.

3

Pedestrian airbag system: medical and engineering perspectives on design, construction, and safety benefits

Rzepczyk Szymon, Jakubowski Michał, Majer Jakub, Obst Maciej, Żaba Czesław, Głowiński Sebastian

Transport Samochodowy

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2024

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T. 70, nr 2

39--45

EN

Minimizing the effects of traffic accidents is one of the key issues in increasing the safety of road users. The complex problem of traffic accidents perfectly correlates with the goals of sustainable development (SDGs implementation), where one of the tasks included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to halve the number of all injuries and fatalities in road accidents around the world. While looking into the safety of pedestrians, one will notice that due to the lack of protective elements during the accidents, pedestrians are a group that is particularly exposed to serious injuries, especially in the area of the head, which is a significant threat to life. Introduced in recent years, the Pedestrian Airbag System (PAS) is a system designed to protect pedestrians, particularly in urban conditions, during collisions that are lowspeed at the time of impact. The system consists of a se of airbags mounted under the bonnet of the vehicle that extends and inflates under pressure in the event of a crash, designed to protect the pedestrian’s head from hitting the bonnet, windshield and A-pillars. Initial simulations and studies have shown a significant reduction in the risk of serious injury and death from hitting a pedestrian. In addition, the combination with other passive or active pedestrian protection systems positively affects the effectiveness of the PAS. However, further research and tests are necessary to optimize and further improve the effectiveness of the system, as well as to determine the protective prospects for other road users.

PL

Minimalizowanie skutków wypadków drogowych jest jednym z kluczowych zagadnień zwiększania bezpieczeństwa użytkowników dróg. Złożona problematyka wypadków drogowych doskonale koreluje z celami zrównoważonego rozwoju (realizacja SDGs), gdzie jednym z zadań zapisanych w Agendzie na rzecz Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 2030 jest zmniejszenie o połowę liczby wszystkich rannych i ofiar śmiertelnych wypadków drogowych na całym świecie. Zastanawiając się nad bezpieczeństwem pieszych, można zauważyć, że ze względu na brak elementów ochronnych podczas wypadków piesi stanowią grupę szczególnie narażoną na poważne obrażenia, zwłaszcza w okolicy głowy, co stanowi istotne zagrożenie życia. Wprowadzony w ostatnich latach system poduszek powietrznych dla pieszych (PAS) to system zaprojektowany w celu ochrony pieszych, szczególnie w warunkach miejskich, podczas zderzeń, które w momencie uderzenia mają miejsce przy małej prędkości. System składa się z zestawu poduszek powietrznych montowanych pod maską pojazdu, które w przypadku zderzenia wysuwają się i napełniają pod ciśnieniem, a których zadaniem jest ochrona głowy pieszego przed uderzeniem w maskę, przednią szybę i słupki A. Wstępne symulacje i badania wykazały znaczne zmniejszenie ryzyka poważnych obrażeń i śmierci w wyniku uderzenia pieszego. Dodatkowo połączenie z innymi pasywnymi lub aktywnymi systemami ochrony pieszych pozytywnie wpływa na skuteczność PAS. Konieczne są jednak dalsze badania i testy, aby zoptymalizować i jeszcze bardziej poprawić skuteczność systemu, a także określić perspektywy ochronne dla innych użytkowników dróg.

4

Wada konstrukcyjna przyczyną uszkodzenia EDR

Krzemiński Michał, Konczerewicz Kamil

Paragraf na Drodze

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2024

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Nr 3

57--69

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę oceny skuteczności rozwiązań stosowanych przez producentów w systemach uruchamiania poduszek gazowych na tle zdarzenia, w którym doszło do uszkodzenia instalacji elektrycznej pojazdu w czasie wypadku. Autorzy dokonali analizy przyczyn niepełnego zadziałania ochrony i wykazali, że leży ona po stronie niedostatecznego zabezpieczenia komponentów systemu przed stanami przejściowymi. Stany takie mogą pojawiać się w instalacji elektrycznej pojazdu w wyniku jej niszczenia w trakcie zderzenia.

EN

In the paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of solutions employed by supplemental restraint system manufacturers in the context of an accident during which the electrical wiring of the vehicle was damaged. The reasons of incomplete deployment of restraints were analyzed and conclusion was drawn that it was caused by inadequate protection of the system components from unwanted, transient voltage levels that may appear in the wiring during a crash sequence.

5

Selected road safety aspects in special vehicles

Simiński Przemysław, Leszczyński Robert

Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport

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2024

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Vol. 6, No. 2

25--31

EN

The article presents analyses in the field of safety of utility and military vehicles, which are crucial for human life and health. It discusses the issues of active safety, aimed at accident prevention, and passive safety, minimizing the effects of incidents. It presents technical solutions used to ensure the safety of the crew and other road users, such as: driving stability control systems, blind spot monitoring systems, airbags, body reinforcement. It emphasizes the importance of continuous technology development to improve vehicle safety. It draws attention to the need to protect not only vehicle passengers, but also pedestrians. The article shows that despite advances in safety, there is still room for improvement and a need to implement new solutions.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje analizy w zakresie bezpieczeństwa pojazdów specjalnych, które są kluczowe dla życia i zdrowia ludzi. Omawia zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa czynnego, mającego na celu unikanie wypadków, oraz bezpieczeństwa biernego, minimalizującego skutki zdarzeń. Przedstawia rozwiązania techniczne stosowane w celu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa załogi i innych użytkowników ruchu, takie jak: systemy stabilizacji toru jazdy, systemy monitorowania martwego pola, poduszki powietrzne, wzmacnianie konstrukcji nadwozia. Podkreśla znaczenie ciągłego rozwoju technologii dla poprawy bezpieczeń-stwa pojazdów. Zwraca uwagę na potrzebę ochrony nie tylko pasażerów pojazdu, ale także pieszych. Artykuł pokazuje, że mimo postępu w zakresie bezpieczeństwa, nadal istnieje obszar do poprawy i potrzeba wdrażania nowych rozwiązań.

6

Development of a biomechanical human model for safety analysis of the operators of self-propelled mining machines

Działak Paulina, Karliński Jacek, Maślak Paweł

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

333--340

EN

In the paper, the authors presented an elaboration of the biomechanical model of a human in a sitting position for the dynamic tests related to the impact loads acting on operators of self-propelled mining machines. Here, the human body was replaced with a one-dimensional multi-mass model (in the form of concentrated masses connected with elastic and damping elements). The models of this type are currently used to study ergonomics in vehicles. However, their use is limited because they are adapted to much lower dynamic loads than those acting on the operator in accident situations in mines. Many models of this type, in which the stiffness and damping characteristics of the elements are constant, have been described in the literature. Due to the specificity of the analysed loads acting on the operator, the literature studies were mainly focused on models for vertical forces analysis. By developing non-linear stiffness characteristics, in the currently used car seat ergonomics linear biomechanical models, it was possible to use simple multi-mass models with several degrees of freedom to analyse the effects of dynamic excitation characterised by large displacements. The validation of the developed characteristics was performed using a full-size dummy in a sitting position positioned in the cabin, on the operator’s seat.

7

Simulation method for measuring the impact energy of rail vehicles equipped with a soft absorber

Lisowska Aleksandra, Sanecki Henryk, Szkoda Maciej

Transport Problems

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2023

|

T. 18, z. 3

15--28

EN

This paper presents a simulation method for testing the energy absorbed by the absorption systems of rail vehicles equipped with a soft absorber. The method makes it possible to verify the actual behavior of the absorption system during the impact of two vehicles. The first part of this paper describes the structural elements of a railway vehicle performing the function of an energy absorber during an impact according to the EN 15227 standard. A soft absorber, the so-called honeycomb, is analyzed in detail. It is a multicellular structure often used in rail vehicles due to its properties of controlled deformation. The literature review describes the research conducted on this element. The analytical part of this paper describes a general mathematical model of a rail vehicle collision according to Scenario 1, in which the collided vehicles are of the same type, and Scenario 2 for vehicles of different types. A computational impact simulation for the two scenarios has been carried out using the specialist software Mathcad, and the results are presented in graphs. The paper ends with conclusions presenting the application possibilities of the developed tool.

8

Rozwiązania dotyczące bezpieczeństwa biernego pojazdów kolejowych

Szachniewicz Bartosz

Paragraf na Drodze

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2023

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Nr 2

9--15

PL

Celem pracy jest omówienie problematyki bezpieczeństwa (biernego) pasywnego w pojazdach kolejowych, w tym przede wszystkim przedstawienie aktualnych rozwiązań elementów absorbujących energię zderzenia. W kolejnych punktach wskazano podstawowe funkcje pełnione przez systemy bezpieczeństwa pasywnego oraz omówiono źródło obowiązujących przepisów. Wymieniono scenariusze zderzeniowe oraz omówiono podstawowe kryteria oceny konstrukcji pojazdu. Ostatecznie przedstawiono wybrane rozwiązania układów bezpieczeństwa biernego stosowane wybranych typach lokomotyw oraz zespołów trakcyjnych.

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss the issues of passive safety in railway vehicles. Current design of the elements absorbing collision energy is presented. Basic functions performed by passive safety systems are indicated and the source of the applicable regulations is discussed. Crash scenarios are listed and the basic criteria for vehicle structure assessment are discussed. Some solutions of passive safety systems used in selected types of locomotives and multiple units are presented.

9

Passive safety in sports cars – safety cells

Sowa Mateusz, Urbański Bartłomiej, Stopińska Kamila

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 1

28--39

EN

The safety cell (depending on its producer also referred to as safety cage, roll cage or crash box) is an indispensable sports car element tasked with limiting results of a potential car crash. The aforesaid structure should be characterised by the highest possible and repeatable workmanship, providing strength assumed at the design stage. The collaboration of the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Upper Silesian Institute of Technology, Welding Research Centre and of the Polish Automobile and Motorcycle Federation (i.e. the institution supervising motor racing in Poland) enabled the implementation of the Certification Procedure for Safety Cages in accordance with the Homologation Regulations for Safety Cages of Federation Internationale de l’Automobile. The article discusses conclusions concerning tests performed within the Certification Procedure for Safety Cages, rescue aspects concerning the safety cell design and further research trends.

PL

Klatki bezpieczeństwa są niezbędnym wyposażeniem samochodu sportowego, których zadaniem jest ograniczenie skutków potencjalnego wypadku. Konstrukcje te powinny zapewniać możliwie najwyższy oraz powtarzalny poziom wykonania, aby ich wytrzymałość była taka, jak założono na etapie projektowania. Dzięki współpracy Sieci Badawczej Łukasiewicz − Instytutu Spawalnictwa z Polskim Związkiem Motorowym − instytucją nadzorującą sport samochodowy w kraju − możliwe było wprowadzenie Procedury Certyfikacji Klatek Bezpieczeństwa zgodnie z Regulaminem Homologacji Klatek Bezpieczeństwa Federation Internationale de l'Automobile. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje dotychczasowe wnioski dotyczące badań przeprowadzonych w ramach Procedury Certyfikacji Klatek Bezpieczeństwa. Omówiono również aspekt ratowniczy, odnoszący się do konstrukcji klatek bezpieczeństwa, oraz określono dalsze kierunki badań.

10

Nowy pojazd dostawczy N.Truck firmy MELEX – od pomysłu do realizacji

Barszcz Andrzej, Chłosta Mirosław, Szlęzak Marek

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2022

|

R. 24, nr 1

36--42

PL

Polityka ekologiczna nakłada na poszczególne państwa członkowskie UE wymagania dotyczące bezemisyjnego transportu. W tym zakresie podjęto działania związane z opracowaniem nowego pojazdu dostawczego o dmc do 3,5 t. Pomysł został zrealizowany z wykorzystaniem środków NCBiR – projekt nr POIR.01.02.00-00-0194/16 – w ramach programu sektorowego INNOMOTO. Realizacja projektu wymagała zaprojektowania od podstaw nowego pojazdu firmy MELEX. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z nową konstrukcją.

EN

Environmental policy imposes on individual EU Member States requirements for emission-free transport. In this regard, measures were taken to develop a new delivery vehicle with a DMC up to 3.5. The idea was implemented with the use of NCBiR funds – project no. POIR.01.02.00-00-0194/16 – under the INNOMOTO sector program. The implementation of the project required designing a new MELEX vehicle from scratch. This article presents selected issues related to the new structure.

11

Comparative analysis of construction materials used for fastening elements of six-point safety belts in rally cars

Dziubek Mateusz, Grygier Dominika

Combustion Engines

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2022

|

R. 61, nr 4

9--14

EN

Safety belts are one of the most significant elements of car equipment classified as passive safety. This paper provides a comparative material analysis of critical components of a trusted manufacturer's six-point harness used in motorsports racing with commercially available imitation belts. Despite the FIA certification labels, the imitation belts are characterized by extremely poor quality in the selection of materials for components such as the snap hooks and the locking sleeves in the central fastening mechanism, posing a real hazard to unaware belt users.

12

Passive safety features of a type 227M rail vehicle

Urbański Patryk, Gallas Dawid, Witkowski Dawid, Kołodziejek Daniel

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2021

|

Nr 4

25--36

EN

The safety of passengers in rail transport is one of the most important aspects considered in the design and construction of rail vehicles. Maintaining low mortality statistics for this branch of transport requires the development of transport systems, but also the further development of materials and systems used in the construction of vehicles that move on the tracks in Poland and the world. This article presents the issues of passive safety solutions based on the structure of the 227M light rail vehicle.

PL

Bezpieczeństwo pasażerów w transporcie szynowym jest jednym z najważniejszych aspektów konstrukcji pojazdów szynowych. Utrzymanie niskich statystyk śmiertelności w tej gałęzi transportu wymaga rozwoju systemów transportowych, ale także dalszego rozwoju materiałów i systemów stosowanych w konstrukcji pojazdów, które poruszają się po torach Polski i świata. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa pasywnego na podstawie konstrukcji lekkiego pojazdu szynowego typu 227M.

13

Nowy pojazd dostawczy N.Truck firmy MELEX – od pomysłu do realizacji

Barszcz Andrzej, Chłosta Mirosław, Szlęzak Marek

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

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2021

|

Nr 2 (126)

117--124

PL

Polityka ekologiczna nakłada na poszczególne państwa członkowskie UE wymagania dotyczące bezemisyjnego transportu. W tym zakresie podjęto działania związane z opracowaniem nowego pojazdu dostawczego o dmc do 3,5. Pomysł został zrealizowany z wykorzystaniem środków NCBiR – projekt nr POIR.01.02.00-00-0194/16 – w ramach programu sektorowego INNOMOTO. Realizacja projektu wymagała zaprojektowania od podstaw nowego pojazdu firmy MELEX. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z nową konstrukcją.

EN

Environmental policy imposes on individual EU Member States requirements for emission-free transport. In this regard, measures were taken to develop a new delivery vehicle with a DMC up to 3.5. The idea was implemented with the use of NCBiR funds - project no. POIR.01.02.00-00-0194 / 16 - under the INNOMOTO sector program. The implementation of the project required designing a new MELEX vehicle from scratch. This article presents selected issues related to the new structure.

14

Numerical and experimental analyses of a lighting pole in terms of passive safety of 100HE3 class

Jedliński Tomasz, Buśkiewicz Jacek, Fritzkowski Paweł

Vibrations in Physical Systems

|

2020

|

Vol. 31, nr 3

art. no. 2020307

EN

Nowadays trends related to the road safety make the lighting poles producers meet rigorous requirements that decrease the risk of death and injury of vehicle drivers in case of the impact. New requirements are in force from 1 January 2015, when Road and Bridge Research Institute informed that each pole liable to a direct vehicle impact has to meet Standard PN-EN 12767. The article presents the design of a novel, safe lighting pole. The novelty lies in the pole simplicity, which results in the manufacturing technology the cost of which is comparable to that of the conventional pole. Compared to the conventional poles of thickness 3 mm and greater, this one is made of thin-walled steel sheet of increased strength parameters and specially designed sleeve that is fixed to the base plate. The crash tests carried out on the track for the impact experiments proved that the requirements of the standards in the driver highest safety class and in the high vehicle kinetic energy absorption were satisfied both for the speed impact 35 km/h and 100 km/h. The numerical model for simulations of the vehicle behaviour during and after the impact was implemented in software Ansys LS-Dyna. The simplifications of some elements were of negligible influence on the analysed phenomena. The comparative parameters were ASI, THIV and exit velocity of the vehicle. The numerical results were close to the empirical ones, therefore they confirmed that finite element analysis can be successfully applied at the stage of elaborating of the initial concepts of the road lightning poles. It follows that the number of expensive crash tests can be reduced.

15

Deceleration and deformation during dynamic loading of model car body parts after post-accident repair

Hadryś Damian, Kubik Andrzej, Stanik Zbigniew

Transport Problems

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2020

|

T. 15, z. 3

5--16

EN

Absorption of impact energy by the passive safety elements of the vehicle body is the basic feature to ensure conditions of safety for the driver and passengers in transport. The parts especially designed for this objective in the self-supporting car body are longitudinals. Their energy-absorbing features are designed in different ways. Evaluation of the degree to which the vehicle (body) ensures safety during a collision is difficult and expensive. Usually, tests under impact conditions are required. The most advanced and costly are the tests carried out on a complete vehicle (whole real object for tests). Whole vehicle testing can be replaced by testing of individual car body elements (for example longitudinal). The main aim of this article is to present and compare the results of dynamic studies on model energy-consuming objects (new model longitudinals and model longitudinals repaired with welding methods). For the purpose of this study, models of vehicle passive safety elements (model longitudinals) were designed. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that it is worth considering the replacement of collision tests of the whole vehicle by tests of its individual components. This can be considered a new approach that is not widely used. Currently, most often, crash tests of entire vehicles are conducted (high costs) or computer simulations are performer (often with unsatisfactory accuracy).

16

Electric car crashenergy absorbing structure

Chłosta Mirosław, Barszcz Andrzej

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

|

2020

|

nr 1

16--22

EN

Most of the current electric cars are derived from recreational vehicles; hence, there is a necessity to develop passive safety systems that meet the current traffic requirements. This paper presents passive safety issues and the results of the real model studies.

PL

Większość użytkowych samochodów elektrycznych produkowanych obecnie w Polsce wywodzi się z elektrycznych pojazdów rekreacyjnych. Stąd konieczność dostosowania ich konstrukcji nośnych do wymagań bezpieczeństwa stawianych pojazdom drogowym. W artykule przedstawiono wymagania prawne w tym zakresie oraz wyniki badań nad obiektami rzeczywistymi.

17

Deceleration and deformation during dynamic load of model longitudinals – real conditions and simulation

Hadryś D., Kubik A., Stanik Z., Łazarz B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2019

|

z. 102

53--64

EN

The manner and degree of taking over impact energy by the passive safety elements of the vehicle body is the basis for providing conditions for the survival of people using the means of transport (driver and passengers). The elements specially designed for this purpose in the self-supporting body are longitudinals. Their energy-absorbing properties are designed by using a specific shape, by using appropriate connections of their components and by choosing the right material. Determining the degree to which the vehicle (body) ensures safety during collision requires testing. The most complex and expensive tests are the ones carried out on a complete real object (whole vehicle). The solution worth considering is a bench test of individual body elements designed as energy-consuming (for example, longitudinals). In addition, it is also possible to carry out computer simulations in this area. The purpose of this article was to present and compare the results of dynamic studies on model energy-consuming real objects and compare the results obtained this way with the results of computer simulation in the same range. The scope of work was adopted on this basis: passive safety, model energy-absorbing elements of steel self-supporting vehicle body, dynamic tests, computer simulations. For the purpose of this study, a model of vehicle passive safety elements (model longitudinals) was designed for which dynamic tests were carried out on a specially designed test stand (speed of the hammer was up to 9.7 m/s, impact energy was up to 23.6 kJ). This test stand enabled registration of the deceleration during impact and deformation of the tested object. Next, computer simulations were carried out for geometrically and material-identical models. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that it is worth considering the replacement of collision tests of the whole vehicle by tests of its individual components. These tests can also be supported by computer simulations.

18

Laboratory tests of a car seat suspension system equipped with an electrically controlled damper

Zuska Andrzej, Więckowski Dariusz

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2019

|

nr 60 (132)

192--199

EN

The paper presents the results of laboratory simulation tests of a suspension system for a car seat. The first part of the paper contains a description of the experiment, paying particular attention to the conditions in which the tests were conducted and the properties of the electrically controlled damper, which was mounted in the tested car seat’s suspension. Graphs of the damper’s operation were determined for different values of current intensity and the signal controlling the damper’s damping ratio and then the damping characteristics were determined on this basis. Simulated tests of the car seat’s suspension were carried out on a car component test station. During the tests, the values measured were the acceleration recorded at selected points on the dummy, which was placed on a seat equipped with suspension using a magnetorheological (MR) damper during the experiment. The second part of the paper presents an analysis of the results of the experimental tests with particular emphasis on the influence of the current that controls the operation of the damper on the values of the RMS index of the acceleration at selected points of the dummy.

19

E-car’s door beam optimization

Barszcz Andrzej, Chłosta Mirosław

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

|

2019

|

nr 3

23--29

PL

Bezpieczeństwo bierne pojazdów jest jednym z ważniejszych problemów konstrukcyjnych. Rozwiązuje się go poprzez zastosowanie odpowiednich materiałów, głównie stali o bardzo wysokiej wytrzymałości i odpowiednie ukształtowanie elementów konstrukcyjnych. Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia wyniki optymalizacji belki drzwi kabiny pojazdu N-Truck, projektowanego w ramach programu INNOMOTO, projekt nr: POIR.01.02.00-00-0194/16. Jako kryterium przyjęto graniczne wartości dopuszczalnych odkształceń elementów usztywniających oraz wartości naprężeń.

20

Bezpieczeństwo pojazdów elektrycznych o konstrukcji ramowej nadwozia

Barszcz Andrzej, Chłosta Mirosław

Przegląd Mechaniczny

|

2019

|

nr 1

33--37

PL

Tradycje budowy lekkich pojazdów elektrycznych sięgają w Polsce lat 70. ubiegłego stulecia. Większość obecnych konstrukcji wywodzi się z konstrukcji rekreacyjnych, stąd konieczność wypracowania dla tej grupy pojazdów systemów zabezpieczeń biernych spełniających obecne wymagania ruchu drogowego. W artykule zostały poruszone kwestie bezpieczeństwa biernego oraz koncepcja zabezpieczeń przed skutkami zderzeń.

EN

The traditions of construction in Poland light electric vehicles go back to the 1970s. Most of the current structures of electric cars originate from recreational constructions, hence the need to develop passive safety systems for this group of vehicles that meet current traffic requirements. Passive safety issues and the concept of collision protection were discussed in the paper.