Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Chitosan/Arabic gum/ZnO bionanocomposite as a novel antibacterial agent

Safaei Mohsen, Salmani Mobarakeh, Azizi Bahram, Shoohanizad Ehsan, Ling Shing Wong, Nikkerdar Nafiseh

Polimery

|

2024

|

Vol. 69, nr 6

362--370

EN

The synthesis conditions of chitosan/Arabic gum /zinc oxide nanocomposite were optimized using the Taguchi method to obtain antibacterial properties. FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS and TGA techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite. Nanocomposite C3 (1 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide), C7 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 5.1 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide) and C9 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 4 mg/mL zinc oxide) had the best antibacterial properties against S. mutans. TGA showed that ZnO improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposite. Such materials can be used as antibacterial agents.

PL

Przy użyciu metody Taguchi zoptymalizowano warunki syntezy nanokompozytu chitozan/guma arabska/tlenek cynku umożliwiające uzyskanie właściwości antybakteryjnych. Do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytu zastosowano techniki FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS i TGA. Nanokompozyt C3 (1 mg/mL chitozanu, 4,5 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 8 mg/mL tlenku cynku), C7 (3 mg/mL chitozanu, 5,1 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 8 mg/mL tlenku cynku) i C9 (3 mg/mL chitozanu, 4,5 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 4 mg/mL tlenku cynku) miał najlepsze właściwości antybakteryjne wobec S. mutans. Metodą TGA wykazano, że ZnO poprawia stabilność termiczną nanokompozytu. Tego typu materiały mogą być stosowane jako środki antybakteryjne.

2

Chitosan with the addition of zeolite and ZnO nanoparticles as a new antibacterial agent

Safaei Mohsen, Mobarakeh Mohammad Salmani, Mozaffari Hamid Reza, Wong Ling Shing, Fallahnia Nima

Polimery

|

2024

|

Vol. 69, nr 10

559--567

EN

Chitosan/zeolite/ZnO nanocomposites with different contents of components were obtained using the Taguchi method. Based on the conducted studies, optimal conditions for the synthesis of the nanocomposite (7.5 mg/mL chitosan, 0.2 mg/mL zeolite and 9 mg/mL ZnO) with the best antibacterial properties (no growth of S. mutans) were established. Spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and antibacterial methods were used to characterize the nanocomposite and its components in relation to S. mutans biofilm. The chitosan/zeolite/ZnO nanocomposite can be used as an effective antibacterial compound in various applications due to its structural and antibacterial properties.

PL

Metodą Taguchi otrzymano nanokompozyty chitozan/zeolit/ZnO o różnej zawartości chitozanu, zeolitu i ZnO. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ustalono optymalne warunki syntezy nanokompozytu (7,5 mg/mL chitozanu, 0,2 mg/mL zeolitu i 9 mg/mL ZnO) o najlepszych właściwościach przeciwbakteryjnych (brak wzrostu bakterii S. mutans). Do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytu i jego składników w odniesieniu do biofilmu S. mutans zastosowano metody spektroskopowe, mikroskopowe, termiczne i przeciwbakteryjne. Nanokompozyt chitozan/zeolit/ZnO może być stosowany jako skuteczny związek antybakteryjny w różnych zastosowaniach ze względu na swoją strukturalne i właściwości antybakteryjne.

3

Sugar Palm Starch/Chitosan Bionanocomposite Films Incorporated with Anthocyanin and Curcumin – Thermal Properties and Release Kinetics

Rachmina Rachmina, Hasan Muhammad, Hasanah Uswatun, Halim Abdul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 2

300--308

EN

The packaging industry responding to growing consumer demands for product safety, seeks active packaging that allows controlled antioxidant release through incorporating anthocyanin, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, and other polyphenolic compounds to enhance functional properties of the film antimicrobial interfacial interaction. The research focuses on exploring the impact of adding curcumin and anthocyanin to sugar palm starch/chitosan bionanocomposite films, specifically examining the release kinetics of these bioactive compounds. The biocomposite film with added curcumin exhibits a smoother surface compared to the anthocyanin-based film. Although the thermal stability of the CH/SPS matrix remains unaffected by the addition of anthocyanin and curcumin, the inclusion of these compounds significantly reduces the melting enthalpy of the CH/SPS matrix. Specifically, the addition of curcumin decreases it from 142.96 J/g to 23.43 J/g, and the addition of anthocyanin reduces it to 33.22 J/g. Anthocyanin release from the CH/SPS matrix into water conforms to the Kosmeye-Peppas model (R2 = 0.9808, n = 0.1177), while the release kinetics of curcumin compounds adhere to the Higuchi model (R2 = 0.9968). These findings provide advantageous insights that potentially have implications for a variety of applications, particularly in areas such as sustainable food packaging.

4

Recyclable and Reusable Catalyst of Chitosan-Modified MgAl-Layered Double Hydroxide for Biodiesel Production

Fatimah Is, Yuliyanti, Hayati Catur, Fikriyah Aviyatul, Kamari Azlan Bin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 12

136--145

EN

Study of chitosan modification to MgAl-LDH to increase surface basicity for improving biodiesel production from palm oil has been performed. Modification was conducted by chitosan gel impregnation onto prepared MgAl-LDH. Furthermore, the physicochemical character of material was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, gas sorption analysis, and determination of solid basicity. The XRD, specific surface area, pore distribution, and TEM analyses confirmed the reduced specific surface area due to the exfoliated LDH conformation. However, the increased surface basicity aroused from the modification leads to improved catalytic activity and yield. The maximum biodiesel yield of 92.8 % was achieved by the methanol to oil ratio of 10:1 at 90°C for 2 h. The prominent reusability until the 5th cycle of usage without significant activity change is a potency for advocating the suitability of the low-cost catalysis technology for commercial biodiesel production.

5

Comparative study on the adsorption of lead ions by kaolin loaded chitosan by different modification methods

Zhang Shuqin, Boyue Yuan, Liu Yi, Zhang Kening, Ren Dajun, Zhang Xiaoqing

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 50, nr 1

27--41

EN

The adsorption effect of two modified kaolin-chitosan composites prepared by different modification methods (cross-linking method (GL-CS) and click reaction method (TGL-CS) on lead ion wastewater was studied. The structure of TGL-CS has a denser pore structure than that of GL-CS, and the distribution of adsorption sites is more uniform. At 25 °C, pH 4, the adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/dm3, reaction time of 4 h, and initial mass concentration of 150 mg/dm3, TGL-CS had the best effect on Pb2+ wastewater treatment, and the adsorption capacity was 76.159 mg/g. The adsorption studies of kinetic, thermodynamic, and thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption on GL-CS and TGL-CS was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism is mainly chemical adsorption. The adsorption process is spontaneous. These results show that the adsorbent prepared by click reaction has obvious advantages, with more adsorption capacity and adsorption sites, faster adsorption rate, and better application potential.

6

Preparation and comprehensive characterization of chitosan-based films enhanced with ferulic acid

Zasada Lidia, Chmielniak Dorota, Gwizdalska Klaudia, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2024

|

vol. 27, no. 172

art. no. 08

EN

This study explores the development and detailed characterization of chitosan-based films enhanced with ferulic acid to improve their properties for biomedical, environmental, and packaging applications. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, exhibits valuable attributes such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. However, it requires modifications to overcome limitations in mechanical strength, water permeability, and antioxidant properties. Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound, was incorporated into chitosan films at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) to investigate its influence on film properties. The films were characterized through FTIR to confirm interactions between ferulic acid and chitosan, resulting in enhanced mechanical flexibility, thermal stability, and water resistance. Mechanical tests indicated that ferulic acid improved film flexibility while maintaining tensile strength, making it suitable for flexible packaging and wound dressings. Additionally, water vapour permeability and swelling tests suggested potential improvements in moisture control. Optical assessments showed increased whiteness and reduced colour variability, highlighting the aesthetic and protective advantages of ferulic acid-enriched films. These findings suggest that ferulic acid-modified chitosan films can serve as multifunctional biomaterials, addressing the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance materials in various industries. Further research on biological properties is recommended to fully establish their applicability in biomedicine and environmentally sensitive applications.

7

Design and characterization of chitosan and chitosan/PVA microbeads for gallic acid delivery

Pawlak-Likus Zuzanna, Domalik-Pyzik Patrycja

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2024

|

vol. 27, no. 172

art. no. 10

EN

Tissue engineering enables the development of tissues and organs that closely replicate physiological dimensions and functions. This field aims to address challenges related to organ transplantation, regenerative medicine, and the treatment of damaged tissues by designing biomaterials that can support cellular growth and tissue repair. One of the most important aspects of tissue engineering is the development of advanced delivery systems for drugs and active substances, which play a critical role in promoting regeneration. Controlled release, stability, and compatibility with the engineered environment are crucial parameters for these systems, as they influence the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic applications. In this study, microbeads for active compounds delivery were designed using two materials: a chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (9:1 CS:PVA) polymer blend and pure chitosan modified with a polyphenolic compound, gallic acid. The physicochemical properties of the obtained microspheres, such as swelling ratio, microstructure, wettability, and active compound release, were analysed. The 9:1 CS:PVA+GA composite demonstrated the most promising characteristics as an active substance carrier, particularly due to its favourable release profile. These results suggest that this material could be an effective drug delivery system that offers controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents. Further research, especially investigating the biological properties of these materials, is needed to fully confirm their suitability for practical applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

8

Study and Characterization of Biofoam From Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) with Chitosan Addition

Rismawati Rismawati, Taba Paulina, Fahruddin Fahruddin

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 7

11--21

EN

The increase in styrofoam waste can cause environmental pollution, therefore efforts are required to reduce the use of styrofoam. One of them is by replacing it with biofoam made from agricultural industry waste such as bagasse because if this garbage is not used, it may cause environmental issues. Bagasse has a potential to be utilized as biofoam. This research aims to extract cellulose from bagasse through delignification and bleaching processes, as well as synthesize and characterize biofoam using cellulose from bagasse with the addition of chitosan variations of 2, 3.5, 5, and 6.5 g. The stages of this research are the extraction of cellulose from bagasse waste with FTIR and XRD analysis, making biofoam and biofoam characterization tests. The results of cellulose extraction from bagasse are O-H, C-H and C-O functional groups that indicate the presence of cellulose. In XRD analysis, the cellulose sample has a crystallinity index of 70.74%. Biofoam based on sugarcane bagasse cellulose with the addition of 2 g chitosan has the best characterization, which has a density of 1.23 g/mL, with a water absorption value of 46.03% at 24 hours immersion and biodegradability of 20.68% for 28 days.

9

Simultaneous Adsorption of Rare Earth Metal Ions on Chitosan-Coated Fumed Silica – Characterization, Kinetics, and Isotherm Studies

Aziz Nurul Amirah Abd, Hir Zul Adlan Mohd, Khalir Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat, Al-Amrani Waheeba Ahmed, Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 6

172--187

EN

The present study manufactured and utilized the chitosan-coated fumed silica composite (CS@silica) for simultaneous adsorption of rare earth elements (REEs) of Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III) cations in an aqueous solution. The CS@silica composite underwent characterization using a CHNOS analyzer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectrophotometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. The findings indicated that the CS@silica composite exhibited a lack of pores and possessed a specific surface area of 1.27 m2 /g. Additionally, it was observed that the composite contained a significant amount of oxygen and nitrogen atoms, which serve as the active sites for the adsorption of REEs. The maximum adsorption capacities of Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III) cations were determined under optimal experimental conditions. These parameters included a pH of 4, an adsorbent dose of 0.01 g, and an equilibrium duration of 20 min. The maximum adsorption capacities for Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III) cations were found to be 341, 241, and 299 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The desorption percentage of REEs-loaded CS@silica composite was significantly low when exposed to deionized water and hydrochloric acid (0.01 and 0.02 M). This suggests that there is a chemical interaction between the REEs and the active site on the surface of the composite. The predominant adsorption process proposed was complexation, with ion exchange and electrostatic contact playing a minor role. The CS@silica composite is highly promising for the recovery of REEs because of its rapid adsorption and high adsorption capacities.

10

Removal of Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Ions by Adsorption Method using Chitosan from Fish Scales and its Application in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment

Bahrin David, Agustina Tuty Emilia, Arita Susila, Melwita Elda, Apriani Lisa, Nurhasanah Fitri Indriani, Wijayanti Maria Siswi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 10

126--133

EN

Higher education requires learning in the form of practice and research which is often carried out in the laboratories. The research completed in the laboratory usually produces wastewater which not only has a high organic content, but also contains heavy metal ions, such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These heavy metal ions will harm the environment when directly disposed of without being treated first. One of methods to reduce the level of heavy metal ions in laboratory wastewater is adsorption using chitosan. Therefore, this research was focused on removal heavy metal ions in laboratory wastewater by adsorption method using a chitosan derived from fish scales. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pH on the removal of Cu, Cd, and Pb ions in the treatment of synthetic wastewater using chitosan. The effect of chitosan dose on the treatment of laboratory wastewater was also examined. Initially, the chitosan was applied in reducing the metal ions in synthetic wastewater. The synthetic wastewater was prepared using single-component and multi-component samples of heavy metal ions. In this study, the pH was varied from 3–7 for application of chitosan on single and multicomponent synthetic wastewater experiments. Optimum pH was produced and then used to remove the metal ions included in the laboratory wastewater sample. The chitosan dose was varied 0.5–2 g/L. As a result, the highest removal percentage for the reduction of Cu, Cd, and Pb metal ions in single-component synthetic wastewater was at pH 7. However, the highest removal percentage for the reduction of Cu, Cd, and Pb metal ions in multicomponent synthetic wastewater were found in different pH, such as Cu ions at pH 5, Cd ions at pH 7, and Pb ions at pH 3. When applied to laboratory wastewater assessments with pH of 7 and chitosan doses of 0.5–2 g/L, the highest percentage removal of Pb ions (93.75%) was reached when using chitosan dosage of 1.5 g/L; the highest percentage removal of Cu ions (28.99%) was obtained when using chitosan dosage of 2 g/L. Alas, the chitosan dose of 0.5–2 g/L did not have a significant effect on reducing the Cd ions.

11

Multifunctional sericin-chitosan-Aloe vera composite film for food packaging

Kavi Palepu, Tarangini Korumilli, Kumaravel Varuna, Rao Korukonda Jagajjanani, Wacławek Stanisław, Cheong Jun Young, Padil Vinod V.T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2024

|

Vol. 31, nr 3

297--314

EN

In recent years, the demand for innovative, sustainable, and efficient food packaging solutions has surged in response to growing concerns about environmental impact, food safety, and quality preservation. A sericin-based polymer composite film with multifunctional properties shows promise as an alternative for enhancing food packaging. In this study, sericin-based composite films were prepared by incorporating Aloe vera gel, chitosan, and glycerol into a sericin solution (1.5% w/v) through facile homogenisation at 70°C, followed by casting and subsequent drying on a glass platform. The resulting dried film exhibited uniformity, a smooth texture, and successful integration of the composite components. The film demonstrated a moisture content of 21.02% and a porosity of 3.56%, with a thickness of (62.1 ± 2.3) μm. It exhibited moderate transparency with reasonable water vapour permeability. Notably, the DPPH scavenging results indicated that the film has a potent antioxidant capacity with an efficacy rate of 99.1%, supported further by a phenolic content of 11.5 mg GAE per gram of film. Controlled solute migration of components from the composite films was observed, particularly under acidic conditions. Importantly, toxicity evaluation on A549 cells revealed no adverse effects, even at higher concentrations. Due to its consistent film-forming ability, antioxidant potency, controlled migration, and safe nature, the developed sericin polymer-based film could be an effective alternative for food packaging sensitive foods, maintaining oxidative stability, reducing moisture loss, improving quality, and extending shelf life.

12

Application of fly ash/chitosan composites for heavy metal adsorption

Osmani Egzona, Dimitrievska Iva, Paunovik Perica, Atkovska Katerina, Rexhepi Fatos, Grozdanov Anita

Composites Theory and Practice

|

2024

|

R. 24, nr 2

87--94

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of modified fly ash (FA) as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from polluted waters. The effectiveness of unmodified FA was compared to FA modified with chitosan. The FA and FA/chitosan particles were characterized by means of SEM, XRF and FTIR methods. The FA and FA/chitosan composites were investigated as adsorbents for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out in a previously optimized pH (pH = 6), at room temperature for 3 hours. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to determine the maximum adsorption capacities of the fly ash samples for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. The experimental data indicate that the Langmuir isotherm fits better than the Freundlich isotherm for all the investigated systems. The obtained values of the qm, maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with the FA/chitosan composites were (1.068, 1.00, 1.042, 1.369 mg/g), and (2.532, 2.063, 1.036, 2.146, 2.482 mg/g), respectively. The efficiency trend was Pb(II) > Cu(II). The results indicate that the removal efficiency for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions was 91.1 % and 99.7 %, respectively.

13

Effect of asparagus chitosan-rutin coating on losses and waste reduction during storage

Priss Olesia, Hutsol Taras, Glowacki Szymon, Bulhakov Pavlo, Bakhlukova Kseniia, Osokina Nina, Nurek Tomasz, Horetska Iryna, Mykhailova Lyudmyla

Agricultural Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 28, No. 1

99--118

EN

Storage is a crucial component of a sustainable and efficient food supply system. Reduction of postharvest losses and waste is a vital strategy to improve efficiency, ensure product availability, and reduce environ-mental impact. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) boasts a high nutritional value and complex of phytonutrients. Yet, the storage period for fresh asparagus is quite short, leading to rapid quality deterioration. An effective method to extend storage periods involves postharvest treatments using the natural biopolymer chitosan. The aim of the research was to assess the effectiveness of applying sustainable postharvest treatments based on chitosan and rutin, with a focus on losses and waste reduction during asparagus storage. The impact of the applied storage technology on the visual appeal and sensory attributes of asparagus, along with its effects on respiratory metabolism, weight loss, soluble solids, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, was systematically assessed. The findings indicate that the post-harvest treatment using chitosan and rutin effectively preserves the visual characteristics of asparaguswhen the storage period is prolonged to a week. A major advantage of this technology is a substantial reduction in waste, achieving the levels of 1.0-1.5%. The proportion of standard products post-storage ranged from 94.4% to 96.0%. The treatment with chitosan and rutin efficiently reduces weight loss by half and suppresses the respiration rate, leading to decreased losses in soluble solids, carbohydrates, chlorophylls, and carotenoids during storage. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the applied coating in impeding metabolic processes, resulting in minimized quantitative and qualitative losses in the product quality during a prolonged storage.

PL

Przechowywanie jest istotnym elementem zrównoważonego i skutecznego łańcucha dostaw żywności. Redukcja strat i odpadów po zbiorze stanowi ważną strategię, której celem jest ulepszenie skuteczności, zapewnienie dostępności produktów oraz zmniejszenie wpływu na środowisko. Szparaga (Asparagus officinalis L.) posiada wysokie wartości odżywcze oraz kompleks fitozwiązków. Jednak okres przechowywania świeżej szparagi jest dosyć krótki, za czym idzie gwałtowne pogorszenie jakości. Skuteczna metoda wydłużająca okres przechowywania polega na zastosowaniu po zbiorze zabiegów z użyciem naturalnego chitozanu polimerowego. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu ocenę skuteczności stosowania zrównoważonych zabiegów po zbiorze z zastosowaniem chitozanu i rutyny skupiając się na redukcji strat i odpadów podczas przechowywania szparagi. Systematycznie oceniano wpływ zastosowanej technologii przechowywania na wygląd zewnętrzny i cechy sensoryczne szparagi razem z wpływem na metabolizm oddechowy, straty wagi, rozpuszczalnych cząstek stałych, rozpuszczalnych węglowodanów, chlorofilu i karotenoidów. Wyniki wskazują na to, że zabiegi przeprowadzone po zbiorze z użyciem chitozanu i rutyny skutecznie podtrzymują charakterystykę wizualną szparagi podczas gdy okres przechowywania wydłużony jest o tydzień. Główną korzyścią tej technologii jest widoczna redukcja odpadów na poziomie 1-1-5%. Proporcja standardowych produktów po przechowywaniu wahała się między 94,4 a 96%. Użycie chitozanu i rutyny skutecznie zmniejsza stratę wagi o połowę i hamuje tempo zmniejszając w ten sposób straty rozpuszczalnych części stałych, węglowodanów, chlorofilu i karotenoidów podczas przechowywania. Niniejsze wyniki potwierdzają skuteczność zastosowanej powłoki w blokowaniu procesu metabolicznego, co skutkuje zmniejszonymi stratami ilościowymi i jakościowymi produktu podczas przedłużonego przechowywania.

14

Antibacterial properties of elastomers modified with chitosan

Rucińska Katarzyna, Osuchowska Ewa, Dębek Cezary, Krok-Borkowicz Małgorzata, Pamuła Elżbieta

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2024

|

Vol. 26, no. 2

13--23

EN

Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health. For many years, there has been a search for materials that would inhibit their development. It was decided to take a closer look at various elastomeric materials with the addition of chitosan. Mixtures based on silicone, silicone with a platinum catalyst, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber were developed and tested for antibacterial and physico-mechanical properties. The dispersion of chitosan in the elastomer was also investigated using a scanning electron microscope. Of the tested mixtures, three were selected, characterised by the best antibacterial and physico-mechanical properties and a very good dispersion of chitosan in the matrix. The mixtures were based on silicone, silicone with a platinum catalyst and natural rubber. Tests were performed to measure the release of compounds into water for these mixtures. Furthermore, cytotoxicity with L929 cells and cytocompatibility in direct contact with MG63 cells were investigated for silicone samples. The results showed that these materials were not toxic to mammalian cells and supported their growth. The best bactericidal properties against E. coli and S. aureus strains compared to the other tested materials (>99.0–99.9% of killed bacteria) were shown by samples made of silicone and silicone with a platinum catalyst and added chitosan. At the same time, the best physico-mechanical properties were found for the samples with chitosan based on silicone with added platinum and natural rubber. Developed materials appeared to be good candidates for manufacturing medical equipment on which the adhesion and growth of bacteria should be prevented.

15

The use of chitosan as an effective carrier of theophylline – an anti-asthmatic drug

Aziz Noor Firas, Hussein-Al-Ali Samer Hasan, Ghareeb Mowafaq Mohammed, Nashwan Nashwan Abdallah

Polimery

|

2023

|

Vol. 68, nr 3

157--168

EN

In order to solve the problem of frequent drug dosing and increase its effectiveness, theophylline (THP) was deposited on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs). THP-CSNPs nanocomposites with the composition of 50, 75, 100 or 150 mg of chitosan (CS) and 25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mg of tripolyphosphate (TPP) at pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 6.5 were prepared, and a constant weight of THP of 100 mg. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The rate of drug release was also tested. The Minitab 18 program was used to analyze the results. The independent variables were the CS, TPP, and pH, while loading efficiency, zeta potential, and particle size were the dependent variables. The nanocomposites successfully transported and protected the drug, providing its sustained release.

PL

W celu rozwiązania problemu częstego dawkowania leku i zwiększenia jego efektywności teofilinę (THP) osadzono na nanocząstkach chitozanu (CSNPs). Przygotowano nanokompozyty THP-CSNPs o składzie 50, 75, 100 lub 150 mg chitozanu (CS) oraz 25, 50, 75, 100 lub 200 mg trójpolifosforanu (TPP) przy pH 4,0, 5,0, 6,0 i 6,5 oraz stałej masie THP wynoszącej 100 mg. Nanokompozyty charakteryzowano za pomocą dyfrakcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego (PXRD), skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej z emisją polową (FE-SEM), spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR). Zbadano również szybkość uwalniania leku. Do analizy wyników wykorzystano program Minitab 18. Niezależnymi zmiennymi były CS, TPP i pH, podczas gdy wydajność ładowania, potencjał zeta i wielkość cząstek były zmiennymi zależnymi. Nanokompozyty z powodzeniem transportowały i zabezpieczały lek, zapewniając jego przedłużone uwalnianie.

16

Preparing Shrimp Shell-Derived Chitosan with Rice Husk-Derived Biochar for Efficient Safranin O Removal from Aqueous Solution

Phuong Do Thi My, Thao Nguyen Thi Thanh, Loc Nguyen Xuan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

248--259

EN

In this study, the shrimp shell-derived chitosan was coated onto rice husk-derived biochar to form chitosan/biochar bio-composite beads. The physicochemical properties of biochar (BC) and chitosan/biochar beads (CS@BC) were characterized by BET, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and pHpzc analyses, which were then tested for their capacity to remove Safranin O (SO) from water. In kinetics, the pseudo-second-order model was found to well represent experimental data, indicating the adsorption was mainly a chemical process. The intra-particle diffusion model was not the sole rate-limiting step, because the results did not pass through the origin. In isotherms, both the Langmuir and Freundlich models described well the equilibrium adsorption data. The CS@BC adsorbent showed adsorption capacity at 77.94 mg/g for SO, which is higher than BC adsorbent with 62.25 mg/g (experimental conditions: pH ~ 7.0, dosage = 0.2 g, contact time = 240 min, and temperature = 298 K). The findings revealed that the biochar-loaded chitosan can improve the adsorption capacity of SO. It is predicted that the enhancement in the functional groups (i.e., -NH2 and -OH groups) of CS@BC could contribute to the electrostatic interactions and the complexation between SO and CS@BC, thereby enhancing the Safranin O adsorption from water.

17

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoadsorbent for Remediation of Polluted Water

Khairiah Khairiah, Frida Erna, Sebayang Kerista, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Humaidi Syahrul, Ridwanto, Fudholi Ahmad, Marwoto Putut

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

336--348

EN

The development of nanoadsorbents for remediation of polluted water in order to obtain clean and healthy water quality has been carried out, namely the incorporation of chitosan, magnetic, and activated carbon materials. The activated carbon used is the result of the synthesis of banana peel waste nanocrystals, while the magnetic is Fe3O4. The method used in this study is an experimental method with coprecipitation through several stages, namely (1) magnetic synthesis of Fe3O4 by thecoprecipitation method, (2) preparation of chitosan solution, (3) synthesis of activated carbon nanocrystals from banana peel waste by the milling process, (4) merger of the three materials, and (5) characterization with SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, PSA, TGA, and AAS to test the performance of the material against polluted water. The study found that 210 minutes was the optimal time for the heavy metal ions Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb to adsorption.The best sample was sample S4 with a ratio of 1:2:2 with adsorption for Zn 92.43%, Fe 95.44%, Mn 89.54%, and Pb 84.38%. For the heavy metal ions: Mn 5624 mg/g, Fe 5849.4 mg/g, Zn 4894.22 mg/g, and Pb 468.2 mg/g, the Langmuir model was used. The adsorption kinetics showed that the reaction order for Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe ions varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Carboxymethyl cellulose nanoadsorbents are effective in remediating the water contaminated with heavy metals, such as Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe, meeting the environmental health quality standards for water media for sanitation hygiene purposes.

18

Assessment of the Feasibility of Modified Chitosan Beads for the Adsorption of Nitrate from an Aqueous Solution

Jamka Zainab N., Mohammed Wadood T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

265--278

EN

The objective of the current work was to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of nitrate removal from an aqueous solution by adsorption using metal (Zr4+)loaded chitosan and Bentonite beads (Cs-Bn-Zr). The study was carried out in a batch system, and the effect of the critical factors on the adsorption performance, such as contact time, initial nitrate anion concentration, and adsorbent dosage, were investigated. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium models of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were evaluated. The modified adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and analysis with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The results demonstrated that at 0.2 g of CS-Bn-Zr adsorbent with an initial concentration of 50 mg/l and a contact time of 120 minutes, the maximum removal of nitrate ions was found to be 97.28%. The result demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of nitrite ions on the manufactured bead was 110.46 mg/g. The Freundlich model was shown to be the most effective for the adsorbate of nitrate. The pseudo–first-order model fits the adsorption kinetic data well.

19

Eco-friendly bioplastic material development via sustainable seaweed biocomposite

Tarangini Korumilli, Huthaash Keshav, Kumar V. Nandha, Kumar Selva T., Jayakumar Onattu Damodharan, Wacławek Stanisław, Rao Korukonda Jagajjanani, Padil Vinod V. T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2023

|

Vol. 30, nr 3

333--341

EN

The study focused on the development of an environmentally friendly bioplastic material using sustainable seaweed-based biocomposites. Algal biomass (Gracilaria edulis) was processed and combined with starch, glycerol, glacial acetic acid, and chitosan to create flexible, homogenous biopolymer films. These films exhibited comparable physical properties to commercial plastics and retained their inherent colour post-processing. Spectroscopic analysis revealed intense UV-Vis peak points aligned with seaweed composition. Mechanical testing demonstrated adequate strength and flexibility, similar to starch-based bioplastics, with a tensile strength of 3.383 MPa and lower elongation strength of about 31.90 %. Material migration tests indicated a preference for water, suggesting suitability for low-moisture foods. The bioplastic film displayed notable biodegradability and compostability, showcasing its potential as a sustainable alternative for food packaging. This innovative contribution advances eco-friendly bioplastic material, addressing plastic pollution and promoting biocomposite use.

20

Biomedical applications of nanoparticles of chitosan from marine waste

Ann Mary S., Sandhiya R., Prince S., Venkatraman J. M., Vignesh S., Hikku G. H., Ramachandran S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 124, nr 2

71--75

EN

Purpose: The review focuses on chitosan nanoparticle synthesis and its biomedical applications. The review briefly explains the biomedical applications of antimicrobials, cancer therapy, gene therapy, and anti-ageing. Notably, the chitosan biological activity can be further increased by coating metal ions such as iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, etc. Design/methodology/approach: Chitosan is the N-acetyl derivative of chitin, which has the unique properties of biodegradability, non-toxicity, polycationic property and biocompatibility— no reports of ZnO sulphated chitosan nanoparticles being produced for antibacterial. We hope for the conduction of antibacterial research of ZnO sulphated chitosan nanoparticles. Findings: The study establishes that metal oxide nano-CH, characterised by an expanded size range beyond conventional parameters, exhibits a broad spectrum of biomedical applications. Its commendable biological attributes, encompassing biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and biodegradability, make it a vehicle for drug delivery in medicine. Research limitations/implications: Nanomedicine is an emerging branch of medicine that applies tools and the basis of nanotechnology for disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis. Moreover, it helps overcome conventional medicine's limitations, including adverse side effects, poor pharmacokinetics and lack of selectivity. Originality/value: Using chitosan extracted from marine waste presents economic advantages. Furthermore, when coated with metal oxide nanoparticles, it enhances biomedical efficacy. Chitosan is an effective drug delivery vehicle, and its theranostic applications are valuable in the biomedical sector.