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1

Potential Carbon Emission Savings from Children’s School Commuting in Urban Areas Based on Smart Mobility Tracking

Putri Rufia Andisetyana, Buchori Imam, Sejati Anang Wahyu, Amalina Apin Fitri

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2026

|

Vol. 20, no. 2

5--26

EN

The use of emissions-intensive motorized transport for school commuting, particularly in urban areas, is highly concerning. Restricting the use of motorized transport and encouraging independent school mobility provides an opening for emissions reduction. Previous research has demonstrated that independent mobility is a function of various sociodemographics. The present study aims to examine the potential for reducing carbon emissions from children’s school commute through the utilization of smart mobility tracking, with travel distance and sociodemographics as determinants for primary school children in Semarang City, Indonesia. The children’s mobility patterns for school commutes were recorded with portable GPS tracking devices. The data were processed using GIS to analyze routes and distances. Sociodemographic characteristics related to independent mobility were examined using logistic regression. The study estimated the actual and potential carbon emissions resulting from school commute. Travel distance, along with some of the sociodemographic traits, was analyzed to identify children’s potential for independent mobility and the resulting emissions reduction. The findings indicate that increasing the chance of children’s independent mobility could considerably contribute to lowering carbon emissions related to school commutes.

2

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Navigation Safety in Case of GNSS Signal Fading or Interference

Chrzan Marcin

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 2

589--597

EN

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) play a key role in modern navigation and transportation service delivery. Today it is difficult to imagine the daily operation of land, sea or air transportation without the positioning and timing provided by satellite systems [6, 8, 11]. In civil aviation, GNSS provides precision landing approaches and support for safety systems, in maritime navigation it enables open sea course determination and maneuvering, and on land it directs vehicle navigation and synchronization of telecommunications networks. Many of these applications are so-called PNT (Positioning, Navigation and Timing) systems, where uninterrupted and accurate position and timing information is critical to safe operations [8]. Unfortunately, satellite systems have recently become the target of hacking attacks. This paper will present AI methods for detecting GNSS anomalies, the role of inertial systems as an independent navigation source, and position correction techniques (e.g., using Kalman filters) supported by intelligent algorithms. An overview of current research and experiments in this field will also be presented, as well as conclusions on the effectiveness and development prospects of the technologies discussed.

3

Samoloty, OSINT i wielka polityka

Wojciechowski Krystian

Cybersecurity & Cybercrime

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2025

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T. 1, Nr 8

223--261

PL

W artykule opisano wybrane zagadnienia z związane z oparta na źródłach otwartych analizą danych lotniczych. Skupiono się na systemie zbierania danych o przebiegu lotu serwisach publikujących dane i problemach z jakością danych wynikających z celowych zakłóceń. Artkuł oparto na licznych przykładach opisanych w sieci internet lub zaobserwowanych przez autora. Tekst stanowi pisemną wersję prezentacji wygłoszonej na konferencji PTXXI w Gdyni w 2024 roku.

EN

The article describes selected issues related to open-source based analysis of aviation data. The focus is on the system of collecting flight data serwi-s publishing data and data quality problems resulting from intentional interference. The article is based on numerous examples described on the Internet or observed by the author. The text is a written version of a presentation given at the 2024 PTXXI Conference in Gdynia.

4

Contemporary seismic moment budget along the Nepal Himalaya derived from high-resolution InSAR and GPS velocity field

Verma Himanshu, Sharma Yogendra, Ching Kuo-En, Pasari Sumanta

Acta Geophysica

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2025

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Vol. 73, no. 1

171--186

EN

Throughout history, several large-magnitude earthquakes have caused damage to the Himalayan region and humanity. To understand the present-day strain rate distribution and associated seismic moment budget, a high-resolution velocity field is an essential component. The present study estimates the contemporary seismic moment budget along three spatial sections over the Nepal Himalaya using the state-of-the-art high-resolution velocity field. For this, (1) we integrate 5 years of InSAR data with 77 available GPS observations over the Nepal Himalaya; (2) we then calculate strain rate distribution (dilatational and maximum shear strain rates) from this integrated velocity field, and (3) at last, we compare the geodetic moment accumulation rate estimated from strain rate tensors with the seismic moment release rate based on an earthquake database of 500 years. The results reveal that: (1) the geodetic strain rate is not homogeneous over the Nepal Himalaya, rather along the main central thrust, a relatively higher strain rate is observed; (2) the geodetic moment rate from west to east across three sections ranges from 23.39 X 1018 to 16.59 X 1018 Nm/yr, with the minimum of 8.05 X 1018 Nm/yr in central Nepal, whereas the seismic moment rate varies between 5.02 X 1018 and 11.41 X 1018 Nm/yr, with the minimum of 3.69 X 1018 Nm/yr in central Nepal; (3) the difference between geodetic and seismic moment rates from west to east provides a moment deficit rate of 18.37 X 1018 to 5.18 X 1018 Nm/yr, with the minimum of 4.36 X 1018 Nm/yr in central Nepal, and more importantly, (4) the inferred moment deficit rate suggests that the western and eastern Nepal have an earthquake potential of magnitude Mw 8.5 and Mw 8.1, respectively, whereas the central Nepal has energy budget equivalent to an Mw 7.9 event. In summary, the present study provides spatial distribution of earthquake potential in Nepal Himalaya using the most updated high-resolution InSAR and GPS velocity field, and the findings inevitably contribute to the time-dependent earthquake hazard analysis of the study region.

5

INS/GPS KF integration performance improvement based on accurate inertial sensors sochastic error modelling

Shahrawy Ahmed, Radi Ahmed, Zahran Shady, Anis Wagdy

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2024

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R. 100, nr 6

219--226

EN

Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) provides precise data for short time-period, but their accuracy diminishes over time, especially with low cost sensors. To maintain acceptable accuracy, sensor error components must be accurately calibrated/modelled. Different methods have been used to characterize the inertial sensors stochastic errors, including the Autocorrelation function (ACF), Allan variance (AV) and the Generalized Method of Wavelet Moments (GMWM). This paper focuses on the analysis of Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)-based inertial sensor errors under various conditions. The inertial sensor stochastic error processes are estimated using both the AV and the GMWM techniques. Based on the comparison between both stochastic analysis tools, the GMWM was selected and a GMWM-based model selection criteria is utilized to rank candidate error models. An extended 39-states integrated GNSS/INS navigation algorithm (based on the chosen error model) is proposed and compared with a standard 15- states integrated GNSS/INS navigation algorithm (based on 1st Gauss-Markov process for modelling the stochastic errors). The study analyses various stochastic error models using real data of Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) with intended GPS signal outage periods. Results reveal enhanced position accuracy with the proposed algorithm and superior performance with GMWM-based error model over standard ACF-based one.

PL

Inercyjne systemy nawigacji (INS) dostarczają dokładnych danych przez krótki okres czasu, ale ich dokładność maleje z czasem, szczególnie w przypadku tanich czujników. Aby zachować akceptowalną dokładność, składowe błędu czujnika muszą być dokładnie skalibrowane/modelowane. Do charakteryzowania błędów stochastycznych czujników inercyjnych zastosowano różne metody, w tym funkcję autokorelacji (ACF), wariancję Allana (AV) i uogólnioną metodę momentów falkowych (GMWM). W artykule skupiono się na analizie błędów czujników inercyjnych opartych na systemach mikroelektromechanicznych (MEMS) w różnych warunkach. Procesy błędów stochastycznych czujnika inercyjnego są szacowane przy użyciu technik AV i GMWM. Na podstawie porównania obu narzędzi analizy stochastycznej wybrano GMWM, a kryteria wyboru modelu oparte na GMWM zastosowano do uszeregowania modeli potencjalnych błędów. Zaproponowano rozszerzony, 39-stanowy zintegrowany algorytm nawigacji GNSS/INS (oparty na wybranym modelu błędów) i porównano go ze standardowym 15-stanowym zintegrowanym algorytmem nawigacji GNSS/INS (opartym na pierwszym procesie Gaussa-Markowa do modelowania błędów stochastycznych). W pracy przeanalizowano różne modele błędów stochastycznych wykorzystując rzeczywiste dane z systemu nawigacji inercyjnej (INS) i globalnego systemu pozycjonowania (GPS) z przewidywanymi okresami zaniku sygnału GPS. Wyniki ujawniają zwiększoną dokładność pozycjonowania dzięki proponowanemu algorytmowi i lepszą wydajność dzięki modelowi błędów opartemu na GMWM w porównaniu ze standardowym modelem opartym na ACF.

6

Automatyczna generacja wirtualnych elementów infrastruktury kolejowej

Lisiecki Paweł, Szłapczyński Maciej, Chołodowicz Ewelina

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2024

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R. 28, nr 2

119--124

PL

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono zagadnieniom modelowania wirtualnego świata 3D na potrzeby symulatorów kolejowych oraz problematyce tworzenia mapy. Zaproponowano algorytm wykorzystujący metody sztucznej inteligencji do wykrywania, klasyfikacji i umieszczania obiektów infrastruktury kolejowej z nagrania wideo oraz danych GPS w wirtualnym świecie 3D. Proponowane rozwiązanie, wspierające automatyczną generację wirtualnych elementów infrastruktury kolejowej, stanowi istotną nowość w obszarze badań.

EN

This article is devoted to the issues of modeling a 3D virtual world for railroad simulators and the problems of creating a map for such a simulator. An algorithm using artificial intelligence methods for detection, classification, and place railway infrastructure objects from video recordings in a 3D virtual world, as well as GPS data has been proposed. The proposed solution, supporting automatic generation of virtual elements of railway infrastructure, is a significant innovation in the field of research.

7

The stability of inter-system bias over time for positioning using GPS and Galileo

Kwaśniak Dawid, Cellmer Sławomir

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2024

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Vol. 4, no. 1

79--91

EN

The introduction of new overlapping signals from GPS and Galileo, such as L1 and E1 and L5 and E5a, presents new opportunities for enhanced precision and reliability in positioning. However, it also introduces new challenges that need to be addressed. One of the primary challenges in processing GPS and Galileo observations is the requirement for Inter-System Bias (ISB) handling. An important aspect has become the examination of the stability of the ISB parameter over time. Both short-term and long-term stability must be investigated. For this purpose, experiments were conducted on 20 permanent IGS stations in 10 pairs. Using the Modified Ambiguity Function Approach (MAFA) method, the stability of the ISB parameter over time was investigated, both for short-term (daily) and long-term periods. When selecting pairs, care was taken to ensure that the distances between the receivers in the pair were shorter than 10 kilometers. This allowed us to reduce the influence of the atmosphere on the obtained results. Observation data were obtained from the permanent GNSS stations mentioned above for 2020 and 2021. Calculations were conducted for the GPS and Galileo systems corresponding observations. The obtained results showed that for both the short-term period, which is a day, and for the more extended period of time (few months), the ISB exhibits significant stability. This means that once determined, the ISB can be used for several months for a given pair of receivers.

8

Synchronizacja i analiza przebiegu napięcia pobranego z sieci elektroenergetycznej

Witkowski Piotr, Dołęgowski Michał

Elektro Info

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2024

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nr 5

46--48

PL

W artykule opisano autorską metodę synchronizacji sygnałów elektroenergetycznych rejestrowanych w dwóch lokalizacjach. Następnie opisano sposób, w jaki obydwa przebiegi zostały ze sobą skorelowane, oraz sprawdzono poprawność dokonanej metody synchronizacji, skupiając się na analizie fazorów i ocenie jakości energii elektrycznej. Synchronizacja może być wykorzystywana podczas badań PMU (Phasor Management Unit), jednak obecnie znane metody działają tylko w miejscach, w których dociera sygnał GPS.

EN

The article describes an original method of synchronizing power signals recorded in two locations. Then, the method in which both waveforms were correlated was described, and the correctness of the synchronization method was checked, focusing on phasor analysis and power quality assessment. Synchronization can be used during PMU research, but currently known methods only work in places where the GPS signal reaches.

9

Converting Coordinates Between the Local Geodetic Reference and the Global Geodetic Reference for Selective Sites in Babil Province

Al-Saedi Ali Salah J., Shnewer Fadhil M., Falih Khaldoon T.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 4

38--44

EN

A geodetic transformation is a mathematical operation that takes coordinates of a point in one coordinate system and returns the same coordinates in another coordinate system. This study aimed to show the compatibility between global positioning system coordinates and the local maps in Iraq; this compatibility will be made for locations in the Babil province. In the study area, fifteen control points have been chosen. GPS measures geographic and projected coordinates depending on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection and the World Geodetic System 1984 datum. In Iraq, the measured geographic coordinates are converted to projected coordinates using a geographic information system based on Clarke 1880 ellipsoid. To facilitate the conversion of the coordinates, both formulas and parameters are provided for any point in the study area between the two systems using a GPS receiver and the ArcGIS software. The present study shows that the differences in easting coordinates are about -287.630 m, while the differences in northing coordinates reach 278.525 m. It was concluded that the various datums might play a significant role in producing maps and updating those maps for engineering works.

10

The concept of determining ground speed with limited access to GNSS signal on UAV

Kochan Jakub, Ważny Mariusz, Falkowski Krzysztof

Aviation and Security Issues

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2024

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No. 1

41--51

EN

This article presents an innovative approach to navigation using image recognition in situations characterized by limited access to GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals (signal interference). The presented system relies on image processing to define the characteristic edges of random objects. Subsequently, the actual ground speed of the moving object (UAV) is obtained based on changes in the object’s position. The article aims to show the potential of image recognition in navigational systems. The actual ground speed obtained by the image recognition can be used to correct the inertial navigation system.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje nowatorskie podejście do nawigacji z wykorzystaniem rozpoznania obrazu w sytuacjach charakteryzujących się ograniczonym dostępem do sygnału GNSS (zakłócenia sygnału). Zaprezentowany system opiera się na przetworzeniu obrazu w celu zdefiniowania charakterystycznych krawędzi obiektu. Następnie na podstawie zmian położenia obiektu wyznaczana jest prędkość rzeczywista poruszającego się BSP. Ponadto w artykule przedstawiono potencjał zastosowania rozpoznania obrazu w systemach nawigacyjnych. Wyznaczona prędkość z użyciem rozpoznania obrazu może być wykorzystana do korekcji inercjalnych systemów nawigacji.

11

Analysis of comparability of PCV in surveying-grade GNSS antenna - Topcon HIPER-VR case study

Baryła Radosław, Dawidowicz Karol

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

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2024

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Vol. 59, No. 3

87--99

EN

It is well known that the phase center of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna is not a stable point. For any given GNSS antenna, the phase center will change with the direction of the incoming signal from a satellite, as well as the frequency. Ignoring these phase center variations (PCVs) in GNSS data processing can lead to notable errors, especially in vertical position component determination. To avoid the problem, antenna PCV together with the phase center offset (PCO) information are recommended to be used in GNSS observation processing. We currently distinguish between individual and type-mean phase center correction (PCC) models. These models describe the variations in the phase center of the antenna as a function of the elevation angle and azimuth. In general, the primary difference between individual and type-mean models lies in their specificity. Individual models are highly precise but are valid only for a particular antenna model, while the type-mean models are more general and can be applied to a broad range of antennas of the same type, but may suffer from a lower level of precision. This paper aims to analyze the comparability of PCV in surveyinggrade GNSS antennas. For the analyses, we propose to use an originally designed bench with precisely defined relative positions of the seven antenna mounting points. Preliminary studies have been performed using GPS observations on L1 and L2 frequencies recorded by seven Topcon HIPER-VR antennas. The results proved that the comparability of PCV for this antenna is high. The position error did not exceed 3 mm. It could be assumed that the type-mean PCC model could describe PCV all antennas of this type with good accuracy.

12

Improving positioning accuracy of aircraft using SPP method in GLONASS system

Krasuski Kamil, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Kirschenstein Małgorzata

Archives of Transport

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 1

21--37

EN

The paper presents the results of a study showing the accuracy of the determination of aircraft position coordinates based on the SPP (Single Point Positioning) solution in the GLONASS (Globalnaja Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) system. For this purpose, the paper develops and implements an algorithm for the correction of position errors as parameters describing positioning accuracy. The proposed algorithm uses position error values determined for a single GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receiver, which are joined in a linear combination to deter-mine the positioning accuracy of the aircraft. The algorithm uses linear coefficients as an inverse function of the number of GLONASS satellites being tracked by the GNSS receiver. The developed algorithm was tested for GLONASS satellite data recorded by Topcon HiPer Pro and Javad Alpha geodetic receivers, during a flight test carried out with a Cessna 172 aircraft around the military airport in Dęblin. Navigation calculations were carried out using RTKLIB v.2.4.3 and Scilab v.6.0.0 software. On the basis of the tests carried out, it was found that for single Topcon HiPer Pro and Javad Alpha receivers, position errors were up to ±11.4 m. However, by using the position error correction algo-rithm for both receivers, GLONASS positioning accuracy is up to ±3.6 m. The developed algorithm reduces position errors by 60-80% for all BLh (B-Latitude, L-Longitude, h-ellipsoidal height) coordinates. The paper shows the possibility of testing and implementing the proposed mathematical algorithm for the SPP solution in a GPS (GlobalPositioning System) navigation system. In this case the position errors from the GPS SPP solution range from -0.9 m to +0.9 m for all BLh coordinates. The obtained results showed that application the GLONASS and GPS system in air transport is important. The algorithm used in this work can also be applied to other global GNSS navigation systems (e.g. Galileo (European Navigation Satellite system) or BeiDou (Chinese Navigation Satellite System)) in air transport and navigation.

13

Analysis of seasonal crustal deformation characteristics in Dali, Yunnan using GPS observations

Shen Xing, Liu Xikang, Shen Yu, Song Chengke, Yin Haiquan, Chen Zhaohui

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 3

1473--1482

EN

This paper extracts and separates seasonal term of GPS (Global Positioning System) time series based on empirical mode decomposition and wavelet transformation. Through time series analysis of 9 GPS continuous stations in Dali, Yunnan, it is found that the vertical (U), north-south (N) and east-west (E) components of the relative motion have distinct annual and semi-annual period components. In the vertical direction, the U component has the strongest seasonal deformation characteristics, on the annual period term, between each station the correlation coefficient reaches 0.98, this is consistent with the relevant research results of many researchers; In horizontal direction, seasonal deformation is also more significant, the N component annual and semi-annual period signals are more obvious and the correlation coefficient is high, but the E component 9 stations signal are relatively scattered and poorly correlated. On the semi-annual period, the N and U directions have a very obvious and consistent semi-annual periodicity, and their two correlation coefficient numbers are 0.95 and 0.94 on average, respectively, the N and E are negatively correlated with a correlation coefficient of -0.98. In time series trend term, 9 stations show southeast movement in horizontal direction, but have great differences in vertical movement trend. Among them, YNLJ, YNYS, YNSD and YNLC are linear uplift movement with good consistency. YNYA, YNCX and YNJD show overall uplift movement, but with subsidence fluctuation, the trend of the three stations is very similar, with an average correlation coefficient reaches 0.8; XIAG station shows uplift movement as a whole, the relative motion trend in the E direction is very different from other stations in phase and amplitude, probably because it is closer to the Erhai lake and more susceptible to the influence of water level changes; YNYL also has different motion changes at different times, but the overall performance is subsidence motion. The analysis suggests that the GPS time series contains rich information on the seasonal deformation of the Earth’s crust, and precipitation has an important role in influencing the seasonal deformation of continuous stations.

14

Methodology to improve the accuracy of determining the position of UAVS equipped with single-frequency receivers for the purposes of gathering data on aviation obstacles

Lalak Marta, Krasuski Daniel, Wierzbicki Damian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 119

83--104

EN

Low-altitude photogrammetric studies are often applied in detection of aviation obstacles. The low altitude of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight guarantees high spatial resolution (X, Y) of the obtained data. At the same time, due to high temporal resolution, UAVs have become an appropriate tool for gathering data about such obstacles. In order to ensure the required accuracy of orientation of the photogrammetric block, Ground Control Points (GCPs) are measured. The recently introduced UAV positioning solutions that are based on Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) are known to effectively reduce, or, according to other sources, even completely eliminate the necessity to conduct GCP measurements. However, the RTK method involves multiple limitations that result from the need to ensure continuous communication between the reference station and the rover receiver. The main challenge lies in achieving accurate orientation of the block without the need to conduct time-consuming ground measurements that are connected to signalling and measuring the GCPs. Such solution is required if the SPP code method is applied to designation the position of the UAV. The paper presents a research experiment aimed at improving the accuracy of the determination of the coordinates of UAV for the SPP method, in real time. The algorithm of the SPP method was improved with the use of IGS products.

15

Monitoring of Icelandic plate movement with GNSS method and GPS signal jamming effects in Iceland

Pırtı Atınç, Hoşbaş Ramazan Gürsel, Yücel Mehmet Ali

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2023

|

Vol. 116

15--22

EN

Jamming is electromagnetic radiation or reflection that impairs the function of electronic instruments and equipment or communication tools. Intentionally disrupting or interfering with GPS signals, which are used for positioning, navigation, and timing, known as "GPS jamming", is accomplished using a radio frequency emitting device. On January 8, 2022 (the day of a NATO exercise), it was investigated how GPS signal jamming affected the position accuracy at three IGS points in Iceland. The obtained coordinate differences between kinematic processing and static processing reached values of about 0.5-10 meters for the MAYV, and HOFN stations in this study. In addition to GPS signal jamming effect in Iceland, horizontal and vertical velocity fields of the three IGS stations in Iceland covering a twenty-two year period (2000-2022) in this study. According to the obtained results, a motion of about 2cm-2.5cm per year (horizontal) and 0.1cm-2.1cm per year (vertical) was computed at the three IGS stations (HOFN, REYK, and MAYV) located in Iceland.

16

Progression of clock DBD changes over time

Maciuk Kamil, Varna Inese, Kudrys Jacek

Metrology and Measurement Systems

|

2023

|

Vol. 30, nr 3

499--505

EN

Day-boundary discontinuity (DBD) is an effect present in precise GNSS satellite orbit and clock products originating from the method used for orbit and clock determination. The non-Gaussian measurement noise and data processing in 24 h batches are responsible for DBDs. In the case of the clock product, DBD is a time jump in the boundary epochs of two adjacent batches of processed data and its magnitude might reach a couple of ns. This article presents the four GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) systems DBD analysis in terms of change over an 8 year period. For each of 118 satellites available in this period, the yearly value of DBD was subject to analysis including standard deviation and frequency of outliers. Results show that the smallest DBDs appear in the GPS system, the biggest - for the BeiDou space segment. Moreover, the phenomenon of changes in DBDs over time is clearly seen at the beginning of the analysed period when the magnitude and number of the DBDs were larger than for current, newest clock products.

17

Analiza porównawcza narzędzi do pomiaru zużycia paliwa w samochodzie osobowym

Sawczuk Karol

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2023

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Vol. 27

100--103

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano efekty praktycznego zastosowania autorskiej aplikacji na urządzenie mobilne pozwalającej na pomiar zużycia paliwa w samochodzie osobowym. Aplikacja posiada dwa moduły i pracuje w trakcie jazdy samochodem. Jeden z modułów pobiera dane z komputera pokładowego za pomocą protokołu OBD II. Drugi zaś, wykorzystuje GPS telefonu oraz dane wprowadzone przez użytkownika. Równoczesne pobieranie danych z modułów pozwala na ich zestawienie. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań wnioskuje się, że niedokładność nawigacji GPS w stosunku do OBD II dla samochodów benzynowych nie przekracza 6%, a dla tych z silnikiem diesla, 21%. Rezultaty pracy ułatwią użytkownikom odpowiedni dobór techniki badania zużycia paliwa przez samochód osobowy.

EN

The article presents the results of practical application of the author's application for a mobile device that allows measuring fuel consumption in a passenger car. The application has two modules and works while driving the car. One of the modules retrieves data from the on-board computer using the OBD II protocol. The other module uses the phone's GPS and data entered by the user. Simultaneous data collecting from the modules allows them to be compared. Based on the results, it is concluded that the inaccuracy of GPS navigation in relation to OBD II for gasoline cars does not exceed 6%, and for those with diesel engines, 21%. The results of the work will make it easier for users to appropriately select a technique for testing the fuel consumption of a passenger car.

18

Investigate Bending Effect of Wearable GPS Patch Antenna with Denim and Polyester Fabric Substrate

Radhakrishna Kavinesh S., Shakhirul M. S., Lee Y. S., Khairina K. N., Syafiqah A. R. A.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 2

225--231

EN

In high technologies today, wearable devices have become popular. Wearable technology is a body sensing system that supports application of health observance and tracking through a wearable Global Positioning System (GPS). The design of the patch antennas is highly significant for the brilliance of the wearable patch antennas. This paper focuses on analyzing the bending effect on return loss and frequency between three types of GPS patch antenna. Types of GPS patch antennas that have been designed in this project are with different substrates and different designs. The wearable patch antenna has been designed and analyse using CST software. As a result, able to analysis the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation patterns, and analytical approach for patch antenna bending effect were obtained.

19

Development Of A Monitoring System For Electric Power Substations Based On Ios And Implementation Of Designs On FPGA

Kalimoldayev Maksat, Wójcik Waldemar, Shermantayeva Zhazira

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 4

819--824

EN

In this article, a monitoring system based on IoT technologies of the substation electrical system in the Republic of Kazakhstan was developed. At the moment, the operation of power systems is extremely important to maintain the frequency of electric current over time. For management and monitoring applications, it is necessary to take into account communication within acceptable limits. IoT technologies are considered the main functions in applications for monitoring and managing energy systems in real time, as well as making effective decisions on both technical and financial issues of the system, for monitoring the main form of data registration on an electric power substation in the city of Shymkent of the Republic of Kazakhstan, for consistent effective decision-making by system operators. In this work, an Internet of Things-based monitoring system was implemented and implemented for the substation of the power system using a specialized device built into the FPGA controller for fast integrated digitalization of transformer substations of real-time distribution electrical networks. The IoT platform also provides complete remote observability and will increase reliability for power system operators in real time. This article is mainly aimed at providing a practical application that has been implemented and tested.

20

NFC technology for precise localization in areas with limited global navigation satellite system signal

Szewczyk Robert, Hanus Paweł

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 4

169--180

EN

The emergence of modern technologies and widespread access to the Internet has led to an increase in interest in mapping websites. The data provided by online mapping geoportals is a rich source of information for society. Today, thanks to these geoportals, the location of objects in the field is widely available. This approach makes it possible to locate objects that are not visible in the field, such as underground electrical cables, underground water lines, or property boundaries. The technology used for object localization is GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). GNSS technology is based on the transmission of signals from satellites. However, this technology is limited in areas where satellite signals are restricted, such as high-rise buildings in city centers, dense forests, or tunnels. NFC technology is becoming increasingly available thanks to mobile phones that are equipped with NFC tags. This technology is widely used for payments via a mobile phone. This article presents a method of using the near-field communication (NFC) for easy positioning of infrastructure objects in a given area. This technology is particularly useful in areas with limited GNSS signals, such as urbanized, forested, or mountainous areas.