Wizja tradycyjnego szpitala jako zimnego, sterylnego i obojętnego środowiska okazuje się coraz bardziej nieadekwatna w świetle badań naukowych z dziedziny medycyny, psychologii środowiskowej oraz architektury. Nowoczesne projektowanie przestrzeni szpitalnych musi uwzględniać nie tylko funkcjonalność i technologię, ale także potrzeby psychofizyczne człowieka. Celem pracy jest ukazanie roli, jaką odgrywa odpowiednie aranżowanie przestrzeni szpitalnych w procesie leczenia, poprawie dobrostanu pacjentów i we wsparciu efektywności pracy personelu medycznego. W artykule omówiono dwa kluczowe podejścia: ergonomię (w ujęciu holistycznym) oraz projektowanie biofilne. Publikacja ta stanowi źródło wiedzy i inspiracji dla architektów, projektantów wnętrz oraz decydentów w ochronie zdrowia, podkreślając znaczenie interdyscyplinarnego, zrównoważonego i humanistycznego podejścia do tworzenia środowisk opieki zdrowotnej.
EN
The vision of the traditional hospital as a cold, sterile and inert environment is proving increasingly inadequate in the light of medical research, environmental psychology and architecture. The modern design of hospital spaces must take into account not only functionality and technology, but also the psycho-physical needs of human beings. The aim of this article is to show the role that the appropriate design of hospital spaces plays in the healing process, improving patient wellbeing and supporting the efficiency of medical staff. Two key approaches are discussed in the article: ergonomics (from a holistic perspective) and biophilic design. The article provides insight and inspiration for architects, interior designers and healthcare decision-makers, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary, sustainable and humanistic approach to creating healthcare environments.
Purpose: The article presents the trajectory of change in ergonomic research, beginning with the pioneering 1857 publication by Wojciech Bogumił Jastrzębowski and continuing to the present day (2025). The aim is to trace the development of ergonomic theory and practice in the context of advanced information technologies characteristic of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The study seeks to highlight how integrating ergonomics into modern industry has transformed the discipline and what future ergonomic approaches must entail. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives of the paper were achieved through a conceptual and historical analysis combined with elements of critical literature review and foresight. Rather than conducting empirical research, the authors trace the evolution of ergonomics from its origins in the 19th century to contemporary challenges associated with Industry 5.0. The approach is interdisciplinary, drawing from ergonomics, systems engineering, neurocognitive science, and social philosophy. The paper critically examines transformations in the human-technology relationship, forecasting the future role of ergonomics in increasingly automated and AI-driven environments. Findings: The analysis reveals that the nature of ergonomics must fundamentally change in response to new conditions of human interaction with intelligent technical systems using artificial intelligence. The study shows that contemporary ergonomics increasingly extends beyond traditional applications, evolving toward human-centered organizational design. Moreover, the integration of ergonomic thinking into the design of objects and workplaces enables the discipline to synergize with systems engineering, enhancing its strategic role within enterprises. Originality/value: This paper offers a unique historical-to-futuristic perspective on ergonomics, identifying its shift from a human-as-operator paradigm toward human-as-central-agent within technological systems. The value of the article lies in its relevance to researchers, system engineers, and enterprise decision-makers seeking to understand and implement ergonomic policies in the era of smart industry and human-centric automation.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze the working conditions of university employees in the context of health, safety and ergonomics, with a particular focus on the challenges of computer work. In the face of dynamic technological changes, prolonged use of digital devices can negatively affect vision, musculoskeletal system and mental well-being. The survey was designed to identify areas for improvement and incorporate the perspective of employees in shaping the work environment. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a questionnaire aimed at administrative, research and teaching staff at one of the universities. The questionnaire covered four key areas: work environment, technical equipment, ergonomics of the computer workstation and work organization. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to identify strengths and problem areas. Findings: Analysis of the results showed that while there are positive aspects of the work environment, there are also significant deficiencies in ergonomics, health and safety. Employees reported the need for better adjustment of workstations, especially in terms of ergonomics of computer equipment and more efficient organization of duties. Respondents' opinions provided valuable information that can form the basis for implementing specific improvements. Research limitations/implications: The survey is limited to a single institution and is based on respondents' subjective evaluations. Further research could include a comparison between different universities and an expansion of the methodology to include job observation. Practical implications: The results of the survey can be used as a basis for developing recommendations for improving working conditions, such as by implementing ergonomic solutions and systematically monitoring employee feedback. Social implications: Improving the ergonomics and well-being of workers can positively affect their psychophysical health, work efficiency and overall quality of life. Originality/value: The article brings new knowledge about academics' perceptions of their working conditions and highlights the value of their voices in improving the work environment.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the role of ergonomics as a key factor for productivity growth in organizational management in the context of society 5.0. The work aims to understand how the application of ergonomic principles contributes to better use of human and technological resources, improving the efficiency, health and well-being of employees and, as a result, the productivity of the entire organization. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a research and analysis approach, based on a literature review of ergonomics, management and the concept of society 5.0. Employee and manager surveys were conducted to assess the impact of ergonomic innovations on their work comfort and efficiency. Findings: The results of the analysis show that implementing ergonomic solutions increases productivity, reduces stress and fatigue, and minimizes health risks for employees. An ergonomic approach in management enables technology to better adapt to people's needs, which promotes productivity and quality of work. Society 5.0, which puts people at the center of technology, offers tremendous opportunities for ergonomics in creating healthy and effective workplaces. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of the study stem from the diversity of industries, where standardized ergonomic standards are hard to come by. Practical implications: Implementing ergonomic practices in organizations increases efficiency and comfort at work. Organizations that incorporate ergonomic principles into workplace design can gain greater productivity, reduce employee absenteeism and increase employee engagement. Social implications: Ergonomics supports not only employee health, but also work-life balance, which is important in a 5.0 society. Promoting ergonomic work standards can contribute to an overall increase in quality of life and social well-being. Originality/value: The work provides a unique perspective on ergonomics as a central element of management in modern society 5.0. It shows how ergonomic management can support harmonious cooperation between humans and technology, contributing to the sustainable development of organizations and society as a whole.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the results of research on the most commonly implemented types of ergonomic innovations in organizations and their impact on employees and organizational functioning. It also highlights key benefits and barriers associated with their implementation. Design/methodology/approach: The study was based on an analysis of surveys conducted among 357 organizations. The questionnaire included questions about the types of ergonomic innovations implemented, their impact on organizational activities, the most common results achieved, and the implementation barriers encountered. Data were collected using the CAWI technique. Respondents were managers and specialists with knowledge and experience in implementing ergonomic solutions in their organizations. Findings: The research results indicate that the implementation of ergonomic innovations contributes to increased employee productivity and improved comfort and safety at work. Organizations that effectively implement such solutions also report increased employee engagement and improved task quality. The main barriers to introducing ergonomic innovations include limited financial resources and lack of time for implementation. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of the study concern the relatively small number of organizations surveyed, which may affect the weaker ability to generalize the results. Additionally, the analysis is based on subjective assessments by respondents, which may lead to some measurement errors. Practical implications: The research results provide practical guidelines for managers and ergonomics specialists, emphasizing the importance of implementing ergonomic innovations. Their implementation promotes improved comfort and quality of work, increases employee safety, and contributes to increased productivity and better organizational outcomes. Originality/value: The article adds new value to the literature on ergonomic innovations by combining theoretical perspective with empirical analysis of their implementation effects. The obtained results can inspire further research and support practical actions to more effectively implement ergonomic innovations in organizations.
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Celem publikacji jest porównanie obszarów badawczych ergonomii – nauki interdyscyplinarnej – oraz architektury – dyscypliny praktycznej – w jej aktualnym wymiarze i wskazanie punktów wspólnych dla obu tych dziedzin. W tym celu analizowane są zmieniające się na przestrzeni lat paradygmaty obu dyscyplin. Wykazano, że współczesna architektura, dziedzina ukierunkowana silnie antropocentrycznie, korzysta z doświadczeń wielu innych dyscyplin naukowych, a jej obszar badawczy pokrywa się w dużej mierze z obszarem badawczym ergonomii.
EN
The aim of this publication is to compare the research areas of ergonomics, interdisciplinary science, and architecture – a practical discipline – in their current dimension and to identify common points between these two fields. To this end, the paradigms of both disciplines, which have changed over the years, are analysed. It has been shown that contemporary architecture, a strongly anthropocentric field, draws on the experience of many other scientific disciplines, and its research area largely corresponds to that of ergonomics.
Wymiarowanie ciała człowieka i sposoby opisu kształtu ciała człowieka sięgają bardzo odległych czasów i sprowadza się do opracowania kanonów do stosowania w projektowaniu. Próba stworzenia jednolitego systemu opisu ciała człowieka związana była nieodłącznie z historią mody. Również w środowisku pracy, z uwagi na bezpośredni wpływ na bezpieczeństwo, mamy do czynienia z definiowaniem kształtu ciała człowieka. Podsumowując znaczenie tego tematu dla życia codziennego i zawodowego dane antropometryczne opisujące człowieka są wykorzystywane bezpośrednio do projektowania –projektowania wirtualnego. Artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi projektantów różnych obszarów przemysłu i sztuki na użyteczność Atlasu miar człowieka a w szczególności na rozdział o naddatkach wymiarowych (NW).
EN
The measurement of the human body and the methods of describing the shape of the human body date back to very distant times and come down to the development of canons for use in design. The attempt to create a uniform system for describing the human body was inextricably linked to the history of fashion. Also in the work environment, due to the direct impact on safety, we deal with defining the shape of the human body. To sum up the importance of this topic for everyday and professional life, anthropometric data describing a human is used directly for design –virtual design. The article aims to draw the attention of designers from various areas of industry and art to the usefulness of the Atlas of Human Measures and in particular to the chapter on dimensional allowances.
W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ poziomu ergonomiczności warunków pracy oraz organizacji przepływów pracy (ang. workflow) na efektywność procesów produkcyjnych w branży spożywczej - na przykładzie zakładu przetwórstwa mięsa wieprzowego. Na podstawie studium przypadku przeprowadzono kompleksową diagnozę stanowiska pakowacza, do czego wykorzystano takie narzędzia, jak system Motion Capture, oprogramowanie CAPTIV L7000 oraz 3DSSPP, które umożliwiły identyfikację i ocenę czynności obciążających układ mięśniowo-szkieletowy oraz wskazały obszary wymagające interwencji ergonomicznej. Wdrożenie utylitarnego modelu workflow, łączącego czynniki ergonomiczne z optymalizacją przepływów pracy, przyniosło wymierne korzyści w postaci zwiększenia wydajności, poprawy warunków pracy i ograniczenia ryzyka zawodowego. W artykule podkreślono również rolę nowoczesnych technologii w monitorowaniu i doskonaleniu procesów produkcyjnych oraz wskazano na uniwersalność opracowanego modelu, który może zostać zaadaptowany w innych sektorach przemysłowych.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of the ergonomics of working conditions and workflow organisation on the efficiency of production processes in the food industry, using the example of a pork processing plant. Based on a case study, a comprehensive diagnosis of the packer’s workstation was carried out using tools such as the Motion Capture system, CAPTIV L7000 software and 3DSSPP, which enabled the identification and assessment of activities that strain the musculoskeletal system and indicated areas requiring ergonomic intervention. The implementation of a utilitarian workflow model, combining ergonomic factors with workflow optimisation, brought measurable benefits in the form of increased productivity, improved working conditions and reduced occupational risks. The article also highlights the role of modern technologies in monitoring and improving production processes and points to the versatility of the developed model, which can be adapted to other industrial sectors.
The motivation for undertaking the research was to identify the possibilities of using specific ergonomic methods to improve working conditions and reduce the risk of musculo- skeletal disorders in the process of manual pasta packaging in an SME in the food industry. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the applicability of specific ergonomic methods in evaluating the process of improving the manual packaging of pasta. The study was conducted in a Polish pasta manufacturing company, covering two shifts of employees over a period of one month. Direct observation, video analysis, REBA method and Strain Index were used to accurately assess the workload of employees and identify key areas requiring intervention. Based on the research, it was found that the work related to pasta packaging was characterized by a fast pace and unnatural postures, leading to fatigue and overload. Recommendations for company managers include the need for changes such as automation of some manual processes, the use of ergonomic improvements (anti-fatigue mats, ergonomic chairs) and the implementation of organizational solutions (rotation be- tween workstations, employee well-being monitoring system). The main limitations of the study include the focus on only one pasta manufacturing company, which may limit the generalizability of the results, and the limited duration of the study (one month), which may not take into account long-term ergonomic effects.
PL
Motywacją do podjęcia badań było zidentyfikowanie możliwości zastosowania określonych metod ergonomicznych w celu poprawy warunków pracy oraz zmniejszenia ryzyka zaburzeń układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego w procesie ręcznego pakowania makaronu w MŚP z branży spożywczej. Dlatego postawiono cel badań, którym była analiza możliwości zastosowania określonych metod ergonomicznych w ocenie procesu usprawniania ręcznego pakowania makaronu. Badanie przeprowadzono w polskiej firmie produkującej makaron, obejmując dwie zmiany pracowników przez miesiąc. Bezpośrednia obserwacja, analiza wideo, metoda REBA oraz Strain Index zostały użyte do dokładnej oceny obciążenia pracowników i identyfikacji kluczowych obszarów wymagających interwencji. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że prace związane z pakowaniem makaronu charakteryzowały się szybkim tempem i nienaturalnymi postawami prowadzącymi do zmęczenia i przeciążenia. Zalecenia dla osób zarządzających przedsiębiorstwem obejmują potrzebę zmian, takich jak automatyzacja niektórych procesów manualnych, zastosowanie usprawnień ergonomicznych (maty antyzmęczeniowe, krzesła ergonomiczne) oraz wdrożenie rozwiązań organizacyjnych (rotacje między stanowiskami pracy, system monitorowania dobrostanu pracowników). Do głównych ograniczeń badań należy zaliczyć skupienie się wyłącznie na jednym przedsiębiorstwie produkującym makaron, co może ograniczać możliwość generalizacji wyników oraz ograniczony czas trwania badań (miesiąc), który może nie uwzględniać długoterminowych efektów ergonomicznych.
This paper presents the results of a survey of mobile transport operators such as drivers, professional drivers, couriers and paramedics. The main objective of the study was to assess the state of ergonomics in means of transport and to identify the problems they face in their daily work. An expert survey was used for the assessment. The questionnaire comprised 48 questions, which were divided into 5 main sections: general questions, questions on psycho-physical condition, questions on work organisation, questions on means of transport and the nuisances that prevail at the workplace, and questions related to factors of the material working environment. More than 300 operators took part in the survey. The online surveys were conducted, among others, via a Google form, using the CAWI method. For the purpose of this article, selected results from surveys on ergonomic issues at the transport operator’s workstation using the descriptive characteristics method are discussed. The results directly describe the intensities of nuisances and complaints. The results indicated exposures and discomforts occurring at the workplace of transport equipment operators. Among others, the following were found: the discomfort of being in a forced position or being exposed to the need to carry heavy loads, with the indicated total weight of the loads carried averaging about 50 kg, and the need to maintain an awkward position for long periods of time. This results in musculoskeletal disorders and occupational diseases as well as a decrease in work efficiency, indirectly in fatigue and an increased risk of errors. The welfare of people should be prioritized over technical requirements and the designed workspace should be created with people for people.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród operatorów środków transportu, takich jak kierowcy zawodowi, kurierzy i ratownicy medyczni. Głównym celem badania była ocena stanu ergonomii na stanowiskach pracy oraz identyfikacja problemów, z jakimi spotykają się w codziennej pracy. Do oceny wykorzystano ankietę ekspercką. Kwestionariusz składał się z 48 pytań, które zostały podzielone na 5 głównych sekcji: pytania ogólne, pytania dotyczące kondycji psychofizycznej, pytania dotyczące organizacji pracy, pytania dotyczące środków transportu i uciążliwości występujących w miejscu pracy, pytania związane z czynnikami materialnego środowiska pracy. W badaniu wzięło udział ponad 300 operatorów. Ankiety internetowe przeprowadzono m.in. za pośrednictwem formularza Google, metodą CAWI. Na potrzeby niniejszego artykułu omówiono wybrane wyniki badań ankietowych dotyczących zagadnień ergonomicznych na stanowisku pracy operatora transportu metodą charakterystyk opisowych. Wyniki bezpośrednio opisują natężenie uciążliwości i dolegliwości, wskazując na narażenia i dyskomfort na stanowisku pracy operatorów, m.in. dyskomfort związany z przebywaniem w wymuszonej pozycji lub narażeniem na konieczność dźwigania ciężkich ładunków, przy wskazanej łącznej masie dźwiganych ładunków wynoszącej średnio ok. 50 kg, oraz konieczność długotrwałego utrzymywania niewygodnej pozycji. Skutkuje to zaburzeniami układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego i chorobami zawodowymi, a także spadkiem wydajności pracy, pośrednio zmęczeniem i zwiększonym ryzykiem błędów. Dobro ludzi powinno mieć pierwszeństwo przed wymaganiami technicznymi, a projektowana przestrzeń robocza powinna być tworzona z myślą o ludziach.
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to make a detailed characterization of the cybernetic system of man-machine-environment in the context of maintaining occupational health and safety. Design/methodology/approach: Data for the study was collected using participant observation. Subsequently, any information obtained is presented in this paper as a case study. Findings: The results of the study indicate that occupational health and safety management in the era of building society 5.0 is highly dependent on the proper cooperation of man and machine in a turbulent work environment. Research limitations/implications: The survey is limited to employees of one manufacturing company. Therefore, it would be extremely valuable to observe whether work safety in other companies also depends primarily on the proper preparation of workers to work with machinery. Practical implications: The study provides guidance for human resource management to implement effective practices to enhance employee safety in the era of building society 5.0. Social implications: This study offers support to the employees of a manufacturing company, providing insight into how the work environment can be improved, thereby increasing health and safety. Originality/value: This is a study that aims to provide insight into how, in the era of building a 5.0 society, it is important to take care to prepare the employee to be a designer of a safe work environment in which people and machines work together to achieve the best work result.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the essence of ergonomics in the position of an assembler in a manufacturing company. Ergonomics is often marginalized in enterprises and its great impact on employee productivity and task satisfaction is overlooked. The purpose of the study was to analyze working conditions and propose ergonomic solutions. Physical strain, mental strain, environmental working conditions and the monotony found at the workplace were analyzed in detail. Design/methodology/approach: All ten employees of the assembly department were surveyed. It should be emphasized that before any changes were implemented, the assemblers' material work environment, working conditions and task loads during the work shift were examined. The following research methods were used: Participatory observation, OWAS method, Chronometry, Lehmann chronometric-tabulation method. Findings: According to production records, before the introduction of ergonomic recommendations, an average of 748 pieces were made at the surveyed workstations during one shift. One month after the introduction of ergonomic solutions, the daily norms were re-examined and on average the number of products made, during one work shift, increased by 3%, or about 22 pieces. Ergonomics also positively affects the company's bottom line. Research limitations/implications: The implementation of ergonomic research is very time- consuming. Observation of employees, making chronometry, analysis of the material environment. All this makes the execution of such a research project take a very long time. Practical implications: All the economic benefits that any company can see through the implementation of ergonomic solutions, undoubtedly the strengths of these measures are the improvement of employee safety, the reduction of workplace accidents, the minimization of health ailments associated with improper working conditions, increased job satisfaction, less work fatigue, and the reduction of the uniformity of the work process. Social implications: It is extremely necessary in order to make appropriate modifications to workstations based on the data obtained. After all, this will ensure that employees work safely, efficiently and with the least possible biological cost. Originality/value: A new element for sure is to look at the essence of ergonomics in manufacturing companies.
The paper presents a practical example of improvement of production systems on the basis modelling and simulation. A bottleneck as well as limiting factors were specified in a system. A number of improvements were proposed, aimed at improving work organization on the machining socket. An analysis of work ergonomics at the workplace was made in order to eliminate unnecessary and onerous for the employee actions. A model of production system using the Arena software, on which a simulation experiment was conducted, was drawn up in order to visualize the analysed phenomena. The effects of the project were shown on graphs comparing times, work ergonomics and overall efficiency of production equipment indicator.
Wiele towarów jest pakowanych i wysyłanych do odbiorców na paletach. W małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach operacje ręcznego paletowania nadal są powszechnie zarówno w dystrybucji, jak i w przemyśle produkcyjnym. Wiążą się one z potencjalnymi problemami związanymi ze słabą ergonomią postawy, ryzykiem zaburzeń mięśniowo- szkieletowych. W artykule przedstawiono ergonomiczną analizę paletowania. W badaniu zastosowano modelowanie i symulację. Przeprowadzona analiza pokazała, że można osiągnąć znaczne korzyści w zakresie czasu paletowania, zmniejszenia obciążenia pracą fizyczną i ryzyka zaburzeń mięśniowo-szkieletowych. Praktycy powinni wziąć pod uwagę wyniki artykułu, w którym korzyści wynikające z odpowiedniego ustawienia wysokości płaszczyzny pracy mogą zapewnić lepszą wydajność i obniżyć ryzyko ergonomiczne.
EN
Many goods are packed and delivered to recipients on pallets. In small and medium- sized enterprises, manual palletizing operations are still common in both the distribution and manufacturing industries. They are associated with potential problems related to poor postural ergonomics and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The article presents an ergonomic analysis of palletizing. The study used modeling and simulation. The analysis showed that significant benefits could be achieved in terms of palletizing time, reduction of physical workload and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Practitioners should take note of the article's findings that the benefits of properly adjusting the height of the work plane can provide better performance and reduce ergonomic risks.
Tactile pavement marking systems (pol. FON) play a key role in ensuring the accessibility of urban space for people with visual impairments. The use of the so-called "tenji blocks" invented by Seiichi Miyake, then their contemporary versions - elements of the FON system, in urban space has become one of the key elements of universal design, which aims to create spaces accessible to all users, regardless of their limitations. In Poland, statistics on people with visual impairments indicate that this group constitutes a significant part of the community of people with disabilities. FON is felt using a white cane and directly with the feet. The palpability of the FON system in footwear is the parameter that is the main research thread in this article. The research analyzed the palpability of FON depending on the type of footwear and the parameters of its elements. The research was conducted using tensometric sensors.
PL
Systemy fakturowego oznakowania nawierzchni (FON) odgrywają kluczową rolę w zapewnieniu dostępności przestrzeni miejskiej dla osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku. Stosowanie w przestrzeni miejskiej wymyślonych przez Seiichi Miyake tzw. „tenji blocks”, potem ich współczesnych wersji – elementów systemu FON, stało się jednym z kluczowych elementów projektowania uniwersalnego, który ma na celu tworzenie przestrzeni dostępnych dla wszystkich użytkowników, niezależnie od ich ograniczeń. W Polsce statystyki dotyczące osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku wskazują, że grupa ta stanowi istotną część społeczności osób z niepełnosprawnościami. FON wyczuwany jest za pomocą białej laski oraz bezpośrednio stopami. Wyczuwalność systemu FON w obuwiu jest parametrem będącym głównym wątkiem badawczym w niniejszym artykule. W ramach badań przenalizowano wyczuwalność FON w zależności od rodzaju obuwia i parametrów jego elementów. Badania przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem czujników tensometrycznych.
Określenie najpotrzebniejszego typu mieszkania stanowi ważny element w kontekście funkcjonowania danego społeczeństwa. Oprócz jego zdefiniowania należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na sposób jego projektowania. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim stosowanych rozwiązań w przestrzeni jego wnętrza. Praca opisuje elementy mieszkań współcześnie najpotrzebniejszych, które wymagają szczególnej uwagi projektantów, gdyż często rozwiązywane są w sposób niezapewniający optymalnej funkcjonalności.
EN
Determining the most needed type of housing is an important element in the context of the functioning of society. In addition to defining it, special attention should be paid to the way it is designed. This applies primarily to the solutions used in its interior space. The work describes the most necessary elements of apartments today, which require special attention from designers because they are often solved in a way that don’t ensure optimal functionality.
Listy kontrolne są narzędziem wspomagającym ocenę stanowiska pracy. Jakie czynniki należy uwzględnić podczas tworzenia listy kontrolnej dla biurowego stanowiska pracy?
Workplace design is an essential process for the manufacturing industry to realize a low manufacturing cost with high productivity and competitive advantage, as well as high employee performance and well-being. Although research on workplace design in the Indonesian manufacturing industry began more than 20 years ago, workplace conditions in the manufacturing industry, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, have remained subpar, with high material handling costs. This review article aims to evaluate recent research on workplace design in the Indonesian manufacturing SMEs and explore possible directions for further research. The results of this review indicate that the research on workplace design in Indonesian manufacturing SMEs is mostly focused on the department area (micro-level), using systematic layout planning methods to improve material handling activities. Even though environmental conditions are unfavorable with low levels of occupational safety and health, research that consider these two in the process of designing workplace in Indonesian manufacturing SMEs is still limited. This review also shows the possibility of developing an integrated workplace design by involving environmental ergonomics and occupational safety and health in manufacturing SMEs.
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