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1

A review of joining methods of particle-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites

Wysocki Jan

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 81 (153)

5--22

EN

Composite materials based on aluminum alloys are widely used in the automotive, aviation, and shipbuilding industries. The presence of the ceramic reinforcing phase significantly changes the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. By appropriate selection of the components that make up the composite materials, it is possible to create mechanical properties that are not possible with unreinforced alloys. Structural elements made of these types of materials often require joining in welding processes. This article presents a general description of methods of joining composites based on aluminum alloys reinforced with ceramic particles, which have been divided into three groups: fusion welding method, solid state welding, and different methods. The individual methods highlighted how the presence of a reinforcing phase affects the welding process. Difficulties mainly arise from the disintegration of the ceramic phase by the concentrated heat source during welding processes, the formation of harmful surface products, and the lack of wettability of the ceramic particles through the metal matrix. The joints obtained vary in terms of structure, ceramic particle distribution, and mechanical properties with respect to the values characterizing the native material. From an analysis of the individual methods, it appears that solid-phase methods have the smallest effect on the degradation of ceramic particles, but have limitations in terms of the shape and size of the materials to be joined. In fusion welding methods, the degradation of the reinforcement phase by the concentrate heat source is greatest. To a certain extent, this can be compensated for by the choice of an additive material, which consists of elements that improve the wettability of the reinforcement phase through the metal matrix and form strengthening separations.

2

A review of sA review of sheet warm forming methods for high-strength 7xxx aluminum alloys

Skwarski Mateusz

Materials Science Poland

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2025

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Vol. 43, No. 3

64--84

EN

The article presents an overview of the warm forming process used to form 7xxx alloy sheets. The literature review covers the characteristics of alloys tested during forming at elevated temperatures: AA7075, AA7020, and a non-commercial alloy with a lower chromium content, higher zirconium content, and higher zinc-to-magnesium ratio than commercial alloys. A diagram of the forming process is presented, taking into account the individual stages and the most important parameters of heat treatment and deformation. An analysis was carried out of the results published to date in the field of basic research, such as tensile tests of alloys in the temperature range of 20–300°C, limiting dome high and limiting drawing ratio tests in the temperature range of 20–260°C, and tests of forming blanks such as a bracket, U-profile, lower part of a B-pillar, and B-pillar. Based on an extensive literature review, it can be concluded that warm stamping with accelerated heating allows for achieving at least 90% of the original strength of the AA7075 alloy. The use of a paint baking process (heat treatment at 180°C for 30 min) after stamping can contribute to a final product strength of up to 85–90% of the strength of the alloy in the T6 state.

3

Optimizing Friction Stir Welding Parameters for AA6061 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys: A Combined Taguchi and Gray Relational Analysis Approach

Thosa Panuwat, Onbut Kiattipong, Hongnee Jessada, Phatungthane Thanatep, Sonasang Somchat

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2025

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Vol. 16, No. 4

[nr art. 1], s. 1--13

EN

This study optimizes the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process for aluminum alloys AA6061 and AA7075, crucial for the automotive and shipbuilding industries. The Taguchi method combined with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was employed to determine optimal process parameters: rotational speed, travel speed, and pin depth in the Z-axis. Experiments revealed that a rotational speed of 1000 RPM, travel speed of 20 mm/min, and pin depth of 0.16 mm achieved the highest tensile strength (166.68 MPa) and hardness (97.86 HV). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed the significant impact of rotational speed on mechanical properties. The study demonstrates the efficacy of combining Taguchi and GRA methods for FSW optimization, providing a framework for improving material performance in lightweight, highstrength applications. Future research should explore broader material scopes, advanced control systems, and environmental impacts.

4

Influence of Cooling Rate on the Structure and Damping Properties of the AlSi6Cu4 Alloy

Piwowarski Grzegorz, Ogrodnik Mateusz

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 9, no. 3

32--38

EN

The investigated alloy was cast as a shaft into seven casting molds. Casting molds made of different materials were characterized by different abilities to conduct heat from the sample. This property significantly influenced the cooling rate of the sample casting from the AlSi6Cu4 alloy. The highest cooling rate was achieved in a steel mold at 25°C and the lowest in a mold made of insulating mass. Different cooling rates significantly influenced the structure of the alloy. Different grain sizes were obtained and the morphology of the microstructure components changed. At the highest cooling rate of 16.63 K·s−1, a grain with an average size of 0.58 mm was obtained. However, in the mold with the lowest cooling rate of 0.36 K·s−1, the average grain size was 3.76 mm. Changes in the structure of the alloy also influenced its damping properties. The tested values f the vibration damping coefficient α indicated that the AlSi6Cu4 alloy cooling with the highest cooling rate has the highest value of damping coefficient. This is influenced by the grain size and shape of the silicon precipitates. The refinement structure and fragmented components effectively disperse the vibration wave in the structure of the casting alloy.

5

Investigation of specific wear rate and wear mechanism in stir cast Al5052 composites with tib₂ and zro2 reinforcements

Kumar Karsh Pradeep, Singh Satnam, Gautam Anamol, Kumar Mishra Durgesh, Bhatt Dhowmya, Kumar Navin

Composites Theory and Practice

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2025

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R. 25, nr 2

58-66

EN

In this work, Al5052 alloy was reinforced with varying weight percentages of titanium diboride (TiB₂) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) to fabricate three hybrid composite samples (S1, S2, and S3) via the stir casting process. Dry sliding wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc apparatus under varying loads (10, 20, and 30 N) and sliding speeds (300, 500, and 700 rpm), with a constant sliding distance of 1500 m. The results showed that the specific wear rate (SWR) grew with increasing load, reaching a maximum of 3.45 × 10-4 mm3/Nm for sample S1 at 30 N. Among the samples, S3 exhibited the best wear resistance, with the lowest SWR of 1.35 × 10-4 mm3/Nm under identical conditions. SEM analysis revealed different wear mechanisms such as mild ploughing in S1, crack formation in S2, and plastic deformation in S3. These findings demonstrate that the hybrid reinforcement of TiB₂ and ZrO2 significantly improves the wear resistance of Al5052, making it suitable for applications in automotive and aerospace sectors requiring enhanced surface durability.

6

Assessment of Thermal Conditions by Slow Solidification in Al Alloys and the Facility

Mikołajczak Piotr

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

5--20

EN

Mold filling and casting solidification are determined by gravity driven natural convection. Also forced convection induced by rotating magnetic field influences castings microstructure. The investigations of flow effect on the aluminum casting alloys and silicon rich alloys were mainly conducted on simple cylindrical specimens and focused on the microstructure, composition and strength of electromagnetic field. Unfortunately, the temperature field in the specimens and facility were mainly omitted or not enough discussed. In the current study thermal conditions in a special facility for flow effect investigation were studied, in experimental and numerical manner, concerning Al-Si-Mg alloys with various compositions and different solid fraction curves. Solidification simulation has proven slow cooling and uniform temperature on the cross-section of the specimen and crucible, nearly uniform solidification time throughout the whole specimen, wide mushy zone and proper construction of the facility protecting electric coils. Temperature gradient and cooling rate, for alloys where almost all solid fraction and latent heat released close to solidus, were significantly higher at the solidus temperature than by liquidus, whilst in alloys where latent heat released evenly and closer to liquidus, were smoothly changing across sample and from liquidus to solidus temperature. Numerically simulated microstructure parameters like e.g. SDAS, grain size and fraction of primary phase in α-Al first alloy presented values similar and smoothly changing across specimen. It was proposed to calculate secondary dendrite arm spacing SDAS based on the specified time period, that could be responsible for melting some arms or creating new arms by dendrites, and next careful SDAS measurement across specimen was recommended. Tested facility and experimental procedure, developed for studying flow effect on the Al alloys microstructure, was proven to be very resistant to interference.

7

Assessment of Mechanical Behaviors of Sand Cast Al-Mg7-Cu2 Aluminum Alloy in Tilt and Vertical Gravity Casting Conditions

Gül Armagan K., Sahin Hayati, Dispinar Derya

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

169--179

EN

Aluminum alloys bears great importance and has found extensive usage area in industry especially in automotive. Ease of casting into complex shape favors their usage. The production method of these alloys has been crucial to obtain the required mechanical and physical properties since their susceptibility to form defects in the form of oxides and various defects is considerably elevated. As high magnesium and copper containing aluminum alloys tends to increase defect formation, in order to improve the overall quality of cast parts, effective melt treatment and optimal pouring processes are essential. This study focuses on the effect of degassing bubble size in melt treatment and vertical versus tilt pouring techniques at casting stage. We evaluate three melt treatment parameters: no degassing, small bubble degassing, and large bubble degassing. The pouring techniques as tilt angle application and vertical pouring have been examined. Under various pouring conditions, the mechanical characteristics of T6 heat-treated custom composition AlMg7Cu2 alloys are compared. Alloying decision has been taken to incorporate as much defect as possible to capture effects of defects due to melt treatment and pouring conditions. Computed tomography scans, SEM analyses of fracture surfaces, and evaluations using optical microscopy have been performed for quality assessments. Basic comparison of tensile testing with CT scans have been provided. Variation of properties at different bubble size and pouring conditions have been provided. The findings emphasize the significance of using tilt pouring with lower hydraulic jump and less turbulence in metal melt flow in mold filling. Moreover, reducing bubble size during degassing has also been found crucial and highly effective in order to achieve consistent mechanical characteristics.

8

Analysis of the Deflection of Aluminum Profiles for Special Applications Using FEM

Bajor Teresa, Kułakowska A., Szkudelski S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

5--10

EN

The study presents a numerical analysis and experimental verification of deflection of the elements of the band that forms the superstructure of a medium-sized fire-fighting and rescue vehicle. The conducted tests were aimed at the selection of the FEM numerical model enabling the identification of the strain of the structure and the determination of the state of deformation under operational loads. The numerical tool used for the analysis was the Ansys software. Based on the conducted tests, it was possible to identify the key areas of the band in which the occurrence of the highest loads is predicted. The use of a numerical solution allows for determining the safe performance level of the designed element before putting it into production. It allows, among other things, to estimate the maximum deflection of a cross-section of a given length loaded perpendicularly and parallel to the direction of extrusion. The cases analyzed in the work are important from the point of view of their application in the construction of a medium rescue and firefighting vehicle.

9

Underwater friction stir welding of AA5754 aluminum alloy in saltwater environment: a preliminary study

Janeczek Anna

Advances in Materials Science

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2025

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Vol. 25, nr 4(86)

113--129

EN

The Underwater Friction Stir Welding (UFSW) environment was proven to improve mechanical properties of the Friction Stir Welded (FSW) joints. However, carefully selected set of parameters is necessary to succeed. This study presents preliminary results of the research on water salinity level effect on the properties of the AA5754 aluminum alloy joints. For this purpose, the Plackett-Burman design was used. The design of experiment consists of ten attempts with process parameters as variables: welding speed, rotational speed, tool tilt angle and water salinity level. The following tests were proceeded: visual tests, tensile strength tests and fractography analysis. Thus, the response variable was ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Surface defects were found in joints performed with low heat input (i.e. low rotational speed, high welding speed). The highest UTS values – 100% of base metal were obtained for the joint made with process parameters: welding speed - 37.5 mm/min, rotational speed - 1235 rpm, tool tilt angle - 2°, water salinity level - 10%. The fractography of the joint revealed precipitates formation and very small dimples. All of the investigated welding parameters were found to be statistically significant. However, the tool tilt angle was of drastically highest significance. The order of the other process parameters was as following: welding speed, rotational speed and water salinity level.

10

Non-contact eddy current conductivity measurements as an effective tool for evaluating aluminum alloys in aircraft

Uchanin Valentyn

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2024

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Nr 3 (276)

43--57

EN

Aluminum alloys (AAs) are pivotal materials in modern aircraft due to their superior mechanical properties and low weight. The structural integrity of these alloys, crucial for aircraft safety, heavily depends on heat treatment processes that alter their mechanical characteristics. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, such as eddy current (EC) conductivity measurements, play a vital role in assessing these alloys throughout their lifecycle. EC methods enable the measurement of electrical conductivity, a structure-sensitive parameter that correlates with mechanical properties affected by heat treatments and operational stresses. This paper reviews the application of EC conductivity measurements in the aerospace industry, focusing on their role in assessing AA structural integrity. It discusses how EC methods can penetrate non-conductive coatings, crucial for in-service measurements without surface removal. Recent developments include a novel small-size EC probe and signal processing algorithms aimed at enhancing sensitivity to conductivity changes through dielectric coatings, up to 0.5 mm thick, commonly found in aircraft structures. Key findings include analyses of specific electrical conductivity (SEC) changes in AAs due to heat treatment deviations and long-term operational stresses, crucial for predicting residual life and maintaining safety standards. Case studies on aircraft wing skins and helicopter rotor blades demonstrate the practical application of EC conductivity meters in identifying critical damage zones. The methodology proves effective in evaluating localized degradation based on SEC distributions, thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and aircraft safety. Overall, this research underscores the significance of EC conductivity measurements in advancing NDE practices for AAs in aircraft applications. The methodologies and findings presented aim to improve safety, durability assessment, and maintenance efficiency in the aerospace industry.

11

Badania wytrzymałościowe blach aluminiowych stosowanych w przemyśle spożywczym

Sulewski Leszek, Kowalski Marcin, Wernik Jacek

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 12

1483--1486

PL

Przedstawiono zagadnienie badawcze dotyczące minimalizacji zużycia stopu aluminiowego do produkcji zakrętek opakowań szklanych, co ma istotny wpływ na odpowiedni dobór parametrów procesu technologicznego. Do produkcji zakrętek opakowań szklanych stosowane są najczęściej blachy z normowanego stopu aluminium EN AW-8011A, który cechuje się bardzo dobrą formowalnością. Stop jest szeroko stosowany w przemyśle, m.in. do produkcji wymienników ciepła. Literatura przedmiotu wskazuje, że nadal istnieje zapotrzebowanie na stopy aluminiowe o większej wytrzymałości i ciągliwości. Wykonano badania wytrzymałościowe nowego stopu aluminium 5801 i porównano go z właściwościami stopu AW-8011A. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że aluminium serii 5801 jest lepszym materiałem do produkcji elementów metodą tłoczenia blachy.

EN

Samples of 0.18 and 0.19 mm thick sheets of 5801 Al alloy and 0.2 mm thick sheets of AW-8011A alloy were analyzed for tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, and elongation at break. The effects of material thickness and heat-technol. treatment, including painting and one- or two-sided hardening of the paint, were studied. The Lankford coeff. and the planar and normal anisotropy index were detd. based on recording geometric changes of the sample during the tensile process. Samples made of heat-treated 5801 sheet were stronger compared to the corresponding ones made of 8011A sheet.

12

Wykonywanie połączeń różnoimiennych ze stopów aluminium metodami spawania łukowego i FSW

Węglowska Aleksandra, Rykała Janusz, Pfeifer Tomasz, Pietrzak Jacek

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2024

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R. 26, nr 5

52--56

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań spawania TIG i MIG oraz zgrzewania FSW złączy z blach ze stopu aluminium EN AW-6082, EN AW 5754 oraz odlewniczego stopu EN AC-43200. Scharakteryzowano stopy Al-Mg oraz Al-Mg-Si i ich spawalność. W ramach realizowanych badań przeprowadzono dobór warunków spawania i zgrzewania różnoimiennych stopów aluminium. Złącza poddano badaniom wizualnym, metalograficznym makroskopowym, penetracyjnym (złącza spawane) oraz własności mechanicznych w statycznej próbie rozciągania i zginania (złącza zgrzewane FSW). Na podstawie wyników badań realizowanych w Łukasiewicz – GIT oceniono, że jakość złączy spawanych zależy od przygotowania elementów do spawania, natomiast złączy zgrzewanych od parametrów zgrzewania i ustawienia stopów Al w złączu względem ruchu obrotowego narzędzia.

EN

Results of TIG, MIG and FSW welding technologies of joints made of EN AW-6082, EN AW 5754 aluminum alloy sheets and EN AC-43200 casting alloy are presented. This article briefly presents the characteristics of Al-Mg and Al-Mg_Si alloys and their weldability. As part of the research welding conditions for dissimilar aluminum alloys were selected. The joints were subjected to the visual and penetrant tests (TIG, MIG joints), light microscopy examination as well as tensile and bend tests (FSW joints). Based on the test results obtained in Łukasiewicz – GIT, it was found that the quality of arc welded joints depends on the preparation of the elements for welding, while the quality of FSW joints depends on the welding parameters and the positioning of Al alloys in the joint in relation to the rotational movement of the tool.

13

Improvement Friction Welded 6063 – T6 Aluminum Alloy Joint Properties

Al Bhadle Basim M. A., Hassoni Safaa M., Hassan Kharia Salman

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 29, no. 4

24--32

EN

This study aims to investigate the effect of shot peening on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of an aluminum alloy 6063 friction welded joints. 6063 bars with 12mm diameters and 70mm lengths were prepared; some of them were shot peened by steel balls (diameters 1.25 mm) for 15 minutes before the friction welding was carried out on a traditional lathe machine at 1200 rpm. X-ray radiography was used to identify the various internal defects like porosity, concavities, and cracks. The quality of each welded joint was evaluated by hardness test, microstructure analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile test, and bending test. It was discovered that the fine grain structure of the aluminum alloy weld connection matrix results in a strong and reliable shot peening, contributing to improving the tensile and bending strength of weld joints with a percentage of 63.6% and 12.5 %, respectively.

14

Impact of the Plastic Deformation Microstructure on the Corrosive Resistance of Metallic Materials - The State of the Art and the Effect of Microstructure Refinement on the Example of the 2000 Series Aluminum Alloy

Lachowicz Marzena M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 4

1565--1576

EN

The article discusses the role of the microstructure formed through plastic deformation in the corrosion resistance of metallic materials. Additionally, a review of the existing knowledge in this area is conducted. In particular, the role of the refinement of intermetallic phases is emphasized. For that purpose, investigations of as-cast aluminum alloy, as well as after plastic deformation, from the 2000 series have been performed. Metallographic tests of the examined materials have been carried out, and electrochemical tests as well as SEM examinations of the surface after the corrosion tests have been conducted. It has been documented that the presence of large precipitates existing at distances typical of as-cast alloys favours intensive corrosion. In turn, a significant amount of fine-dispersive precipitates at the initial stage of corrosion can work as a barrier counteracting the corrosion processes.

15

Casting Production in Poland Versus European Trends in 21st Century

Soiński M.S., Jakubus A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

57--62

EN

This article presents changes of the total casting production volumes and of the production of castings made from basic casting alloys in Poland, in Europe and worldwide in years 2001–2021. Analogous casting production parameters were compared for Poland, Europe and countries being the leading European and global manufacturers in years 2001, 2011 and 2021. The leading casting manufacturers in Europe (with the manufacturing volume exceeding 1 million tons in the mentioned years) include Germany, Italy, the Ukraine, France and Spain. For years, the largest casting manufacturer worldwide has been China. In 2001–2021, global casting production increased from ca. 68 million tons to ca. 97 million tons (i.e. by ca. 42%), whereas the European one decreased from ca. 17 million tons to ca. 12 million tons (i.e. by close to 30%). In the analyzed period, the Polish production volume grew from ca. 0.75 million tons to ca. 0.88 million tons (i.e. by ca. 17%). The presented data reveal the decreasing importance of gray cast iron and cast steel and the increasing one of ductile cast iron and aluminum alloys. However, the Polish average annual growth rate for aluminum alloy casting production was 10.3%, whereas the global one was 3% and the European one 0.7%.

16

Simulation and Experimental Study of the Termo-Mechanical Effect of the Milling Process of 7075 Aluminium Alloy

Habrat W., Lisowicz Joanna, Tymczyszyn Jarosław, Skroban Anna

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 3

58--66

EN

This study combined simulation and experimental tests to analyse the cutting performance of three solid carbide end mills with distinct geometries during the milling of the 7075 aluminium alloy. For the tests, three uncoated end mills were employed, which differed in rake angle, clearance angle, and helical pitch. Simulation tests revealed temperature distributions and the resultant cutting forces. The machining with a milling cutter with a higher blade angle was shown to cause an increase in the temperature in the cutting zone. However, during machining with a sharper blade of cutting tool, a decrease of cutting forces was not observed. The simulated temperature distribution on the cutting edge of the cutting tool may justify significant differences in the dynamics of changes in the cutting force components during the period of operational wear.

17

Fabrication and Characteristics of Cast Aluminium – Mineral Particles Composite

Kargul Marcin, Borowiecka-Jamrozek Joanna Maria

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 5

75--89

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the production of cast composites based on aluminum alloys with a mineral filler with a porous structure. AlSi12 silumin and AlSi12 silumin with the addition of 3% magnesium (AlSi12-Mg3) were used as the matrix material, while particles of natural zeolite, expanded perlite and expanded clay with a size of 4 to 6 mm were used as the mineral filler. In order to increase the efficiency of the production process, the mineral particles have been covered with a sodium silicon solution with the addition of silicon powder. The coated particles were then heated at 400 °C for 1 hour to remove moisture from them. The prepared mineral particles were then placed inside a casting mold and flooded with liquid alloy at a temperature of 790 °C. The obtained composites were subjected to macroscopic observations and analysis using computed tomography (CT). Phase analysis was also performed to determine the phase composition of the obtained composites. In order to determine the mechanical and physical properties, the obtained composites were subjected to compressive strength tests and density measurements. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of the AlSi12-Mg3 alloy and coating in the form of a solution of sodium silicate and silicon powder allows for the most effective production of composites. The low density of the produced composites, combined with their favorable structure and strength properties, suggest the possibility of use as light products transferring compressive stresses, as well as energy-absorbing products.

18

The Influence of Burnishing Process on the Hardness and Surface Roughness of Aluminium Welded Joints

Labuda Wojciech, Wieczorska Agata

Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University

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2023

|

nr 128

21--32

EN

The article presents the effect of burnishing on the surface roughness and hardness of the EN AW-6060 aluminum alloy after welding. The samples prepared were welded using the 141-TIG method, and then the surfaces to be burnished were prepared in the turning process to remove the weld face and run-out of the workpiece. After the turning process, the process of surface plastic treatment by roller burnishing began. Then, measurements of surface hardness and selected surface roughness parameters were performed. The analysis of the test results showed an increase in the hardness of the surface layer and an improvement in the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rt.

19

Metallurgical aspects of the corrosion resistance of 7000 series aluminum alloys – a review

Lachowicz Marzena Małgorzata

Materials Science Poland

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2023

|

Vol. 41, No. 3

159--180

EN

This article contains a review of selected studies conducted in the field of corrosion resistance of precipitation-hardenable 7000 series aluminum alloys. In particular, it discusses the effect of heat treatment and the role of thus formed microstructure on the corrosion behavior of these alloys. The article presents the three types of corrosion that occur most commonly in this group of materials in the context of their microstructure. It points to the importance of the chemical composition of a 7000 alloy, including the precipitates present in the microstructure, for the development of corrosion. The aluminum solid solution can act as an anode or cathode in relation to intermetallic particles. Such corrosion features may result in the destruction of the surfaces of elements made of the 7000 series aluminum alloy. It also raises the issue of the mechanism of corrosive destruction of the aluminum solid solution, which is connected with a crystallographic attack. In the case of this process, the nature of the micro-pits formed as a result of their local dissolution is related to the privileged dissolution of specific crystallographic planes and directions.

20

Wykonywanie połączeń różnoimiennych ze stopów aluminium metodami spawania łukowego i FSW

Węglowska Aleksandra, Rykała Janusz, Pfeifer Tomasz, Pietrzak Jacek

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

|

2023

|

Nr 1 (128)

103--107

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań spawania TIG i MIG oraz zgrzewania FSW złączy z blach ze stopu aluminium EN AW6082, EN AW 5754 oraz odlewniczego stopu EN AC-43200. Scharakteryzowano stopy Al-Mg oraz Al-Mg-Si i ich spawalność. W ramach realizowanych badań przeprowadzono dobór warunków spawania i zgrzewania różnoimiennych stopów aluminium. Złącza poddano badaniom wizualnym, metalograficznym makroskopowym, penetracyjnym (złącza spawane) oraz własności mechanicznych w statycznej próbie rozciągania i zginania (złącza zgrzewane FSW). Na podstawie wyników badań realizowanych w Łukasiewicz – GIT oceniono, że jakość złączy spawanych zależy od przygotowania elementów do spawania, natomiast złączy zgrzewanych od parametrów zgrzewania i ustawienia stopów Al w złączu względem ruchu obrotowego narzędzia.

EN

Results of TIG, MIG and FSW welding technologies of joints made of EN AW-6082, EN AW 5754 aluminum alloy sheets and EN AC-43200 casting alloy are presented. This article briefly presents the characteristics of Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Si alloys and their weldability. As part of the research welding conditions for dissimilar aluminum alloys were selected. The joints were subjected to the visual and penetrant tests (TIG, MIG joints), light microscopy examination as well as tensile and bend tests (FSW joints). Based on the test results obtained in Łukasiewicz – GIT, it was found that the quality of arc welded joints depends on the preparation of the elements for welding, while the quality of FSW joints depends on the welding parameters and the positioning of Al alloys in the joint in relation to the rotational movement of the tool.