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1

Carbon Emission, Human Capital and Adoption of Green Energy Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa

Gu Lihan, Li Qingli

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2026

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Vol. 21, no. 1

279--294

EN

n this paper, we examine the relationship among human capital, carbon emissions, and the adoption of green energy technology. The study engaged 39 countries from Sub-Saharan African (SSA) for the period 2000 -2022. We made use of panel data approach thathandles cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity–including Cross-Sectionally Augmented Distributed Lag (CS-DL), Cross-Sectionally Augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL), and Fixed-effect regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. Results from the study show that carbon emissions have a significant negative impact on renewable energy adoption, proving that ecological dilapidation could induce green energy transitions. For SDG-15, mean years of schooling appears to significantly slow down the progress toward achieving the goal, possibly due to construction of schools. While regulatory quality improves the progress toward achieving SDG-15 in East Africa; the regulation hinders the progress in Southern Africa, perhaps due to land crisis in the region. Pre COVID results suggest that mean years of schooling have positive and significant effects on both renewable energy adoption and SDG-15 progress; but the finding reversed in the post-COVID. Lastly, carbon emission has negative and significant effect on both sustainability indicators in the pre-COVID but appear insig-nificant in the post-COVID. The study contributes directly to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically, SDG-7Affordable and clean energy and SDG-13Mitigation of climate change by highlight-ing the need for clean energy adoption, climate-resilient policy frameworks, and the critical role of education in sustainable energy transitions. The findings emphasize the essence of integrated policy efforts that strengthen hu-man capital and regulatory frameworks to support low-carbon transitions across SSA, with context-specific approaches contingent on sub-regional variations. By integrating indicators related to SDG 4 (quality education), SDG-7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG-13 (climate action) and SDG-15 (life on land), this study provides a multi-goal perspective on sustainable energy transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PL

W niniejszym artykule analizujemy związek między kapitałem ludzkim, emisjami dwutlenku węgla a wdrażaniem technologii zielonej energii. W badaniu wzięło udział 39 krajów Afryki Subsaharyjskiej (SSA) w latach 2000–2022. Wykorzystaliśmy podejście oparte na danych panelowych, które uwzględnia przekrojową zależność i heterogeniczność –w tym Cross-Sectionally Augmented Distributed Lag (CS-DL), Cross-Sectionally Augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL) oraz regresję o efekcie stałym z błędami standardowymi Driscolla-Kraaya. Wyniki badania pokazują, że emisje dwutlenku węgla mają istotny negatywny wpływ na wdrażanie energii odnawialnej, udowadniając, że degradacja środowiska może prowadzić do rozwoju zielonej energii.W przypadku Celu Zrównoważo-nego Rozwoju nr 15, średni czas nauki wydaje się znacząco spowalniać postęp w realizacji tego celu, prawdopodobnie ze względu na budowę szkół. Podczas gdy jakość regulacji prawnych poprawia postęp w realizacji Celu Zrównoważonego Rozwoju nr 15 w Afryce Wschodniej, regulacje prawne hamują postęp w Afryce Południowej, prawdopodobnie ze względu na kryzys gruntowy w tym regionie. Wyniki sprzed pandemii COVID sugerują, że średnia liczba lat nauki ma pozytywny i istotny wpływ zarówno na wdrażanie energii odnawialnej, jak i postęp w realizacji SDG-15; jednak odchylenie to uległo odwróceniu po pandemii COVID. Wreszcie, emisja dwutlenku węgla ma negatywny i istotny wpływ na oba wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju przed pandemią COVID, ale wydaje się nieistotna po jej zakończeniu. Badanie przyczynia się bezpośrednio do osiągnięcia Celów Zrównowa-żonego Rozwoju (SDG), a konkretnie SDG-7 Przystępna i czysta energia oraz SDG-13 Działania na rzecz klimatu, podkreślając potrzebę wdrażania czystej energii, odpornych na zmiany klimatu ram polityki oraz kluczową rolę edukacji w zrównoważonych transformacjach energetycznych. Odkrycia podkreślają istotę zintegrowanych działań politycznych, które wzmacniają kapitał ludzki i ramy regulacyjne w celu wspierania transformacji niskoemi-syjnych w całym regionieAfryki Subsaharyjskiej, przy czym podejścia specyficzne dla danego kontekstu zależą od różnic subregionalnych. Dzięki zintegrowaniu wskaźników odnoszących się do Celu Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 4 (jakość edukacji), Celu Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 7 (przystępna i czysta energia), Celu Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 13 (działania na rzecz klimatu) i Celu Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 15 (życie na lądzie), badanie to przed-stawia wielocelową perspektywę zrównoważonych transformacji energetycznych w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej.

2

Developing intellectual capital in the context of improving project management processes

Szwed Łukasz, Zaskórski Piotr

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2026

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T. 21, nr 3

33--48

EN

Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions: Indicating the role and methods of developing intellectual capital in terms of increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of project implementation. Research methods: A literature review and preliminary results of the author. Main results: Intellectual capital has become a resource that supports both the personal development of the project professional and the strategic goals of a modern organization. Implications for theory and practice: Attributes such as time, budget, resource availability, and above all competencies are becoming increasingly important; against this background, intellectual capital plays an integrating role and helps broaden knowledge within the organization throughout the entire project life cycle. The need to treat intellectual capital as a strategic project resource and to consciously integrate it within the enterprise as part of modern project management processes was also emphasized.

PL

Cel badań i hipotezy/pytania badawcze: Wskazanie roli i metod rozwijania kapitału intelektualnego w aspekcie zwiększenia skuteczności i efektywności realizacji projektów. Metody badawcze: Studium literaturowe oraz wstępne wyniki badań własnych. Główne wyniki: Kapitał intelektualny stał się zasobem wspierającym zarówno rozwój osobisty projektanta, jak i cele strategiczne współczesnej organizacji. Implikacje dla teorii i praktyki: Coraz ważniejsze stają się atrybuty, takie jak czas, budżet, dostępność zasobów, a przede wszystkim kompetencje, na których tle kapitał intelektualny pełni rolę integrującą oraz poszerzającą wiedzę w organizacji podczas pełnego cyklu życia projektu oraz podkreśla konieczność traktowania kapitału intelektualnego jako strategicznego zasobu projektowego i jego świadomej integracji w przedsiębiorstwie w procesach nowoczesnego zarządzania projektami.

3

Role of human capital in sustainable development of Polish voivodeships

Skrodzka Iwona, Busłowska Anna

Economics and Environment

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2026

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No. 1

art. no. 1094

EN

The significance of human capital for sustainable development has become a key area of research, especially in the context of regional disparities. The study contributes new knowledge by revealing statistically measurable links between the level of human capital development and the degree of achievement of sustainable development goals at the regional level. The main goal of this paper is to assess the impact of human capital on sustainable development across all 16 voivodeships in Poland, analysing the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. To provide a more comprehensive understanding, typological analyses were also conducted to classify regions based on synthetic indicators of human capital and sustainable development. Using cross-sectional data from 2022 provided by Statistics Poland, we employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the structural relationships. Our results reveal a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between human capital and sustainable development (path coefficient = 0.875, p < 0.001). The social (loading = 0.912) and economic (loading = 0.884) dimensions strongly, positively reflect the sustainability construct, while the environmental dimension exhibits a moderately negative loading (–0.678), indicating possible trade-offs in policy priorities. The findings highlight regional variation, with Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Dolnośląskie, and Pomorskie achieving the highest scores, and Lubuskie performing the lowest across both human capital and sustainability categories. This study contributes novel insights by applying a hierarchical PLS-SEM model and offering a regionally comparative typology. It underscores the importance of tailoring environmental policies to specific regional contexts to ensure that investments in human capital do not undermine ecological sustainability.

PL

Znaczenie kapitału ludzkiego dla zrównoważonego rozwoju stało się kluczowym obszarem badań, szczególnie w kontekście zróżnicowań regionalnych. Badanie wnosi nową wiedzę, ukazując statystycznie powiązania pomiędzy poziomem rozwoju kapitału ludzkiego a stopniem realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju na poziomie regionów. Celem badania jest analiza wpływu kapitału ludzkiego na zrównoważony rozwój w 16 województwach Polski, uwzględniając społeczne, ekonomiczne i środowiskowe wymiary. W celu uzyskania bardziej kompleksowego obrazu przeprowadzono również analizy typologiczne, które pozwoliły sklasyfikować regiony na podstawie syntetycznych wskaźników kapitału ludzkiego i zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wykorzystując dane przekrojowe z 2022 roku Głównego Urządu Statystycznego, zastosowano modelowanie równań strukturalnych szacowanych metodą cząstkowych najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM). Uzyskane wyniki wksazały na silną, statystycznie istotną, dodatnią zależność między kapitałem ludzkim a zrównoważonym rozwojem (współczynnik ścieżkowy = 0,875, p < 0,001). Wymiar społeczny (ładunek czynnikowy = 0,912) i ekonomiczny (ładunek czynnikowy = 0,884) silnie i pozytywnie odzwierciedlają zrównoważony rozwoju, natomiast wymiar środowiskowy charakteryzuje się umiarkowanie ujemnym ładunkiem czynnkowym (-0,678), co może wskazywać na występowanie kompromisów w priorytetach polityki publicznej. Wyniki badania podkreślają zróżnicowanie regionalne, w tym najwyższe wartości mierników syntetycznych osiągają województwa: mazowieckie, małopolskie, dolnośląskie i pomorskie. Najniższe wartości zarówno pod względem kapitału ludzkiego, jak i poziomu zrównoważonego rozwoju dotyczą województwa lubuskiego. Badanie wnosi nową wartość poprzez zastosowanie hierarchicznego modelu PLS-SEM oraz opracowanie porównawczej typologii regionalnej. Podkreśla ono znaczenie dostosowywania polityki środowiskowej do specyfiki poszczególnych regionów, aby inwestycje w kapitał ludzki nie odbywały się kosztem trwałości ekologicznej.

4

Perception of the role of higher education in shaping the living standards and career opportunities

Dziadkiewicz Michał, Banasik Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 229

91--101

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to analyse social beliefs about the role of education in shaping the standard of living, professional opportunities and access to the labour market. Particular attention is paid to assessing the relationship between the level of education and the possibilities of achieving higher earnings and career development. Design/methodology/approach: The first part of the study reviewed the literature on the role of education in the labour market. The next part of the study analysed the results of a survey conducted at the end of 2024. The questionnaire included questions about the perception of the impact of education on the quality of life, professional situation and access to the labour market, as well as gender equality in access to higher and specialised education. Data were collected based on six substantive questions assessed on a five-point Likert scale. Findings: Analysis of the research results showed that the vast majority of respondents see a clear link between the level of education and the quality of life and professional opportunities. The article also addresses issues related to the perception of exclusion from the job market in the context of one’s lack of education, as well as equal access to education between women and men in various fields of science and professions. Practical implications: The results of the study may constitute a starting point for designing activities in the field of educational policy and the job market aimed at increasing access to education and strengthening the role of education in counteracting professional exclusion. Social implications: The data obtained indicate that society largely perceives education as a key factor in determining professional and material success. There is also a growing acceptance of equal access to education regardless of gender. However, the results also suggest the need for further work on social awareness regarding equal opportunities and counteracting persistent stereotypes in terms of the value attributed to education and its impact on professional career. Originality/value: The article contributes to the debate on the social perception of education as a factor differentiating life and career opportunities. The analysis shows a clear societal belief in the benefits of education, while also pointing out areas where further action is needed to support equality and inclusiveness in the access to education and the labour market.

5

Human capital and motivational and demotivational factors

Piotrowska-Puchała Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 228

511--530

EN

Purpose: The study aimed to present factors that promote job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees of a national park. Design/methodology/approach: The primary data were acquired through a survey. The survey involved those employees who volunteered to participate. The sample consisted of 48.5% women and 51.5% men. The research tool was an anonymous survey. Findings: The article attempts to evaluate the intensity of factors promoting job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among national park employees. It is a challenge to address employee needs because each person exhibits different intensities of requirements. The needs hinge on such aspects as the position in the organisational structure or sex. Research limitations/implications: The survey involved employees of a single national park who volunteered to participate. Knowing the factors that motivate or demotivate employees to work more effectively and their intensity in an organisation may help design and deploy a suitable motivational system. Originality/value: No results were found in the literature on the subject regarding the intensity of factors motivating employees to work in the context of national parks. Workplace motivation is both important and relevant because satisfied employees are more engaged. It is useful when building motivational systems.

6

Development of human capital in modern enterprises in the era of changing economy

Frąś Józef, Bednarczyk Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 219

173--181

EN

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to present the importance of human capital and the areas of investment that determine its development. This is followed by the presentation of empirical research results that attempt to answer the following questions: Do the surveyed companies engage in human capital development? Are internal employee development programs adapted to employees' expectations, interests and needs? What areas are companies investing in to increase the value of human capital? Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of literature and website reports related to the topic under study, Conducted empirical research targeting managers of large and medium-sized enterprises in Lubusz Voivodeship. The survey was conducted in 2024 during the months of August-September. The research method was a diagnostic survey, the tool was an electronic survey questionnaire. Findings: Human capital in the era of changing economy is a key element that affects the competitiveness of modern companies, and therefore there should be continuous investment in the areas which determine its development in order to achieve market success. Most of the companies surveyed are involved in human capital development, but not all internal programs are adapted to employees' expectations, interests or needs. The most important areas affecting human capital development in the surveyed companies are: education and training, talent-based management and modern technology. Research limitations/implications: Research will be conducted to verify the rate of change in the area of future competencies in modern companies. Practical implications: The presented results constitute a valuable source that shows whether the surveyed companies are following the right direction in human capital investment. Originality/value: The paper can contribute to increasing managers' awareness of how to effectively develop and use of employees' potential.

7

Demographic Security and Sustainable Development of Ukraine in the Conditions of Active Migration of the Population

Smutchak Zinaida, Tsinaridze Ramin, Burlaienko Tetiana, Dubinina Oksana

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2025

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Vol. 20, no. 2

71--85

EN

The article examines the impact of migratory processes on the demographic security of Ukraine in the context of active external and internal migration caused by a full-scale war by Russia. To achieve this goal, statistical, economic and mathematical methods were used, in particular,correlation and regression analysis to assess the impact of migratory factors on demographic indicators; comparative methods of analyzing migration processes in Ukraine and countries where Ukrainians seek asylum. Key demographicchallenges were analyzed, in particular,the decline in the birth rate, high mortality among the military and civilian population, as well as mass emigration of young people and the working-age population. It is emphasized, that growing emigration leads to a demographic hole that threatens the economic stability and social structure of the country. The relationship between the unemploy-ment rate, wages and migratory flows was studied, and the experience of European countries in attracting and integrating migrants was analyzed. Attention is focused on the relationship between the demographic situation and the Sustainable Development Goals. In particular, the challenges associated with SDG 3 (Good health and well-being), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), SDG 10 (Reduced inequality) and SDG 11 (Sustainable urban and community development) are examined. Mass migration changes the gender balance in the country, exacer-bates the problem of population aging and affects labour resources, which complicates the achievement of social equality and economic stability. A model of the impact of migration processes on the demographic development of Ukraine and strategic measures to minimize negative consequences are proposed. The importance of integrating the principlesof sustainable development into state policy is emphasized to preserve human capital and restore the country's demographic potential.

PL

W artykule zbadano wpływ procesów migracyjnych na bezpieczeństwo demograficzne Ukrainy w warunkach aktywnej migracji zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej spowodowanej wojną na pełną skalę ze strony Rosji. Aby osiągnąć cel, wykorzystano metody statystyczne, ekonomiczne i matematyczne, w szczególności analizę korelacji i regresji do oceny wpływu czynników migracyjnych na wskaźniki demograficzne; porównawcze metody analizy procesów migracyjnych w Ukrainie i w krajach, w których Ukraińcy ubiegają się o azyl. Analizie poddano kluczowe wyzwania demograficzne, do których zalicza się spadek liczby urodzeń, wysoką śmiertelność wśród ludności wojskowej i cywilnej, a także masową emigrację młodzieży i ludności w wieku produkcyjnym. Podkreśla się, że rosnąca emigracja prowadzi do dziury demograficznej, która zagraża stabilności gospodarczej i strukturze społecznej kraju. Zbadano związek pomiędzy poziomem bezrobocia, płacami i przepływami migracyjnymi, a także przeanalizowano doświadczenia krajów europejskich w przyciąganiu i integracji migrantów. Uwaga skupiona jest na związku pomiędzy sytuacją demograficzną a Celami Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (SDGs). W szczególności zbadano wyzwania związane z SDG 3 (Dobre zdrowie i jakość życia), SDG 8 (Godna praca i wzrost gospodarczy), SDG 10 (Mniej nierówności) i SDG 11 (Zrównoważone miasta i społeczności). Masowa migracja zmienia równowagę płci w kraju, pogłębia problem starzenia się społeczeństwa i wpływa na zasoby pracy, utrudniając osiągnięcie równości społecznej i stabilności gospodarczej. Zaproponowano model wpływu procesów migracyjnych na rozwój demograficzny Ukrainy oraz strategiczne działania minimalizujące negatywne skutki. Podkreśla się znaczenie włączenia zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju do polityki państwa dla zachowania kapitału ludzkiego iodbudowy potencjału demograficznego kraju.

8

Human capital as an element of sustainable development in the NUTS 2 regions of Central and Eastern Europe

Dańska-Borsiak Barbara

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 2

art. no. 1099

EN

The objectives of this study are: to construct composite measures of human capital and of the three SD pillars: economic, social and environmental; to analyse their regional differentiation; to estimate the impact of human capital on the level of each of the SD pillars. The analysis covers NUTS 2 regions of the CEE countries in the year 2022. A measure of human capital was constructed adopting the Local HDI approach. The indicators of the SD pillars were constructed as geometric means of diagnostic variables. A SUR model was used to estimate the impact of human capital on the level of each pillar. The estimation results indicated a strong effect of human capital on the economic and social pillars and a much weaker effect on the environmental pillar. A significant impact of EU membership on the social and environmental pillars was also found.

PL

Cele niniejszego badania to: skonstruowanie miar syntetycznych kapitału ludzkiego i trzech filarów zrównoważonego rozwoju (SD): gospodarczego, społecznego i środowiskowego; analiza ich regionalnego zróżnicowania; oszacowanie wpływu kapitału ludzkiego na poziom każdego z filarów SD. Analiza obejmuje regiony NUTS 2 krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w roku 2022. Konstrukcja miary kapitału ludzkiego jest wzorowana na konstrukcji lokalnego HDI. Wskaźniki filarów SD zostały wyznaczone jako średnie geometryczne zmiennych diagnostycznych. Do wyjaśnienia poziomu rozwoju każdego z fila-rów wykorzystano model SUR. Wyniki estymacji wskazały na silny wpływ kapitału ludzkiego na filary gospodarczy i społeczny oraz znacznie słabszy wpływ na filar środowiskowy. Stwierdzono również istotny wpływ członkostwa w UE na filary społeczny i środowiskowy. Zależność między rozwojem środowiskowym i gospodarczym okazała się być słaba ujemna lub statystycznie nieistotna, w zależności od poziomu ufności.

9

Digital financial inclusion, environmental degradation, and human capital nexus: evidence from South Asian countries

Javeid Umer, Tariq Muhammad, Akhtar Munazza, Sharif Fatima

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 2

art. no. 1156

EN

This study investigates the complex interrelations between Digital Financial Inclusion, Human Capital, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asian countries from 2005 to 2023. We applied second-generation unit root analysis and panel co-integration test of Westerlund, designed especially for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, by subjecting them to rigorous testing of these data irregularities. The Westerlund test results confirm significant long-term co-integration, but findings suggest a mixed character of stationarity. The empirical results indicate that a 1% incline in human capital leads to a 1.81% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, a one-unit increase in digital financial inclusion is associated with a 0.33-unit increase in greenhouse gas emissions. This study addresses a neglected area of existing research through regional analysis and utilises approaches to handle cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Policymakers are encouraged to integrate findings from this study into climate action strategies, emphasising the importance of promoting digital financial inclusion to support human capital development while addressing environmental impacts.

10

Cancer diseases in the public health system from the perspective of the well-being economy - the human capital theory approach

Dokurno Zbigniew

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 1

art. no. 1082

EN

Purpose: This paper explores the challenges of transitioning to well-being economy the problem of cancer diseases from the perspective of public health and human capital theory. The research question is how to achieve the standard of public health according to DET requirements, decreasing the level of cancer diseases. Methodology/Approach: The research utilises the concept of doughnut economics theory (DET) and neoclassical model consumer optimisation connected with New Public Health Theory (NPHT) and selected elements of human capital approach. Findings: Optimization of public health policy, taking into account cancer diseases, implies the optimum in accordance with Gossen's second law and requires determining the opportunity cost of expenditure on treatment and prevention in comparison with lost benefits in the form of wages and other indirect costs. Research Limitations/Implications: Due to the limited volume of the article, the American market was only analysed as the most developed one. Practical Implications: An optimisation model was created for the use in a developed public health system. Social Implications: The possibility of using the model in public health policy in the well-being economy. Originality/Value: An original calculation of the costs of cancer diseases was made based on the cost of lost wages and behavioural factors shaping their prevention and treatment costs were identified.

PL

Cel: Artykuł przedstawia problem chorób nowotworowych w gospodarce dobrostanu z perspektywy system zdrowia publicznego oraz teorii kapitału ludzkiego. Pytanie badawcze dotyczy tego w jaki sposób osiągnąć standard zdrowia publicznego zgodny z wymogami ekonomii obwarzanka obniżając poziom zachorowań na nowotwory. Metodyka: Przedstawione badania wykorzystują koncepcję “ekonomii obwarzanka” oraz neoklasyczny model optymalizacji konsumpcji z wykorzystaniem funkcji typu Cobba-Douglasa, nowej teorii zdrowia publicznego, teorii kapitału ludzkiego. Sposób rozwiązania problem badawczego: Optymalizacja polityki zdrowia publicznego, uwzględniająca choroby nowotworowe, polega na wyznaczeniu optimum zgodnego z drugim prawem Gossena oraz wymaga określenia kosztu alternatywnego nakładów na leczenie i prewencję w zestawieniu z utraconymi korzyściami w postaci wynagrodzeń oraz innymi kosztami pośrednimi. Ograniczenia badawcze: W artykule z uwagi na ograniczoną objętość dokonano analizy rynku amerykańskiego, jako najbardziej rozwiniętego. Wdrożenia praktyczne: Stworzono model optymalizacyjny do wykorzystania w rozwiniętym systemie zdrowia publicznego. Zastosowania społeczne: Możliwość wykorzystania modelu w polityce ochrony zdrowia publicznego w gospodarce dobrostanu. Oryginalność/wartość dodana: Dokonano autorskiej kalkulacji kosztów chorób nowotworowych w oparciu o koszt utraconych wynagrodzeń oraz określono czynniki behawioralne kształtujące ich prewencję oraz koszty leczenia.

11

The role of managerial competencies in interorganizational knowledge transfer: a hybrid literature review

Domaradzka Aurelia, Sulich Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 201

91--103

EN

Purpose: This article aims to illustrate the role of managerial competencies in inter- organizational knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve this objective, a hybrid literature review methodology in human resources management is adopted. This research combines a traditional narrative literature review with a systematic, bibliometric analysis. The traditional review justifies scientific discourse through subjectively selected publications, while the systematic review involves repeatable, objective searches of the Scopus database, analyzed using VOSviewer software. Findings: The findings highlight the critical role of managerial competencies in facilitating knowledge transfer between organizations. The evolving competencies of managerial staff within international organizations significantly influence the effectiveness of inter- organizational knowledge transfer. Research limitations/implications: Future research could expand on this study by exploring other databases and using additional bibliometric tools. Limitations include the focus on the Scopus database and potential biases in publication selection. Practical implications: This research offers insights for international enterprises on the importance of developing managerial competencies to enhance knowledge transfer. Organizations can leverage these findings to improve training programs and managerial practices, thereby fostering more effective knowledge sharing. Social implications: Enhanced managerial competencies in knowledge transfer can lead to more efficient organizational practices, potentially benefiting society by improving corporate social responsibility and influencing public and industry policies towards better knowledge management practices. Originality/value: This paper provides a novel hybrid approach to literature review, combining traditional and systematic methods, and underscores the essential role of managerial competencies in inter-organizational knowledge transfer. It is valuable for researchers, HR professionals, and international business managers.

12

Religiosity, family and human capital development in the perspective of young Poles’ research

Gizicka Dorota, Michalski Michał A., Szwarc Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 199

161--173

EN

Purpose: The article addresses the impact of religiosity on family formation and, in the longer run, on human capital accumulation. It proposes to see religiosity as indirect but important factor in the perspective of economic development. Design/methodology/approach: Most often human capital is associated with education and health care. It is less frequently attributed to the influence of the family. The paper juxtaposes literature showing how religiosity influences family and how functioning of the family impacts human capital development with presentation of original empirical data on family attitudes and plans of young generation of Poles. Findings: (1) The article presents the results of research indicating, that (1) family is important for the creation of human capital, (2) religiosity is beneficial to the stability of the family condition. (2) On the basis of empirical survey, the article offers evidence that religiosity is a key feature differentiating young people's attitudes towards marriage, family and parenthood. Research limitations/implications: It is recommended to develop further research oriented towards examining the relationship between religiosity, family and human capital outcomes. Practical implications: On the basis of analysis presented in the article it is important - in the perspective of demographic decline and its economic consequences – to study how changes in culture (incl. religiosity) – influence family and human capital development. This is useful for designing social and demographic policies. Social implications: The article broadens knowledge of the role of religiosity for human capital development, enriching the area of research on the impact of religion and family on economy. The findings improve public opinion’ understanding of the role of religious practices and institutions in strengthening the social fabric and economic performance. Originality/value: The paper offers new proposal to link research on the role of religiosity for the condition of the family to the analysis of the influence of family on human capital.

13

Human capital of Podkarpackie voivodship – a factor of development

Hubert Kotarski, Krzysztof Piróg

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 201

151--168

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the article is to determine the level of human capital resources of Podkarpackie voivodeship and the possibilities of using the endogenous resource in terms of regional development of Podkarpackie voivodeship. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a thorough analysis of the availability of statistical indicators directly or indirectly characterizing the human capital resource at the county level, the following concept of constructing the human capital quality measure was adopted. The first category of direct indicators was named the demographic potential characteristics of regions, due to the dominant role of demographic traits in this group. The second category of indirect indicators describes the socio-economic activity of the population. Findings: The results of the analysis indicated the existence of a relationship between human capital resources and regional development, on the example of Podkarpackie voivodeship. In Podkarpackie voivodeship there are very large intra-regional variations in the level of human capital quality as determined by a synthesised measure. Research limitations/implications: Limitations associated with the use of the Human Capital Quality Measure in research are the limited access to some data from official statistics at a more detailed level than NUTS 3, such as municipalities, for example. Future research directions on human capital as a development factor include expanding research to international comparisons to assess how Polish counties compare to other countries. Another good direction would be the application of an interdisciplinary approach, combining economics, sociology, social geography, management sciences, demography, and political and administrative sciences for a comprehensive analysis of human capital quality. Social implications: An important benefit of using the human capital category in regional development studies is that it can be used to design a regional policy that is more responsive to the real needs of the region's inhabitants. Originality/value: Such analyses can become an element of the diagnosis of the development strategy of the region and of individual units of the administrative division of the voivodeship - counties or communes. This can be achieved through actions in the field of education, labour market and decentralisation of local policies.

14

Human capital in creating technology entrepreneurship of organizations

Chyba Zbigniew

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 199

61--70

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the present paper is to identify and evaluate the role of human capital in creating technology entrepreneurship within organizations operating in entirely new circumstances. Design/methodology/approach: In this article the qualitative method was used. Case studies of three photonics enterprises were evaluated. They are the top firms in this part of the high- technology sector. The employees of these firms have core competences and higher education degrees. Many of them are former scientists. Findings: The Covid pandemic has had a certain impact on disrupting the operation of high- tech companies’ supply chains. On the other hand, however, the threat of an international armed conflict caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine resulted in many competitors leaving Russia and Ukraine, which creates an opportunity for the studied companies to develop the "liberated market area” and, consequently, to expand into new markets. Originality/value: Unexpected events like the COVID-19 pandemic, conventional armed conflict may constitute a special opportunity in the context of developing technology entrepreneurship within an organization.

15

Human capital - a business ethics perspective

Zboroń Halina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 200

661--670

EN

Purpose: The subject of the article is the problem of object-oriented treatment of human resources. In the author’s opinion, despite the relatively long period of widespread respect for ethical requirements addressed to business entities, the issue of an instrumental, object-oriented approach to personnel employed in companies has not been satisfactorily resolved. The purpose of the article is to show that recourse to the assumptions of the feminist concept of ethics of care provides an opportunity to overcome the instrumental, subordinated to utilitarian goals approach to the issue of social responsibility in the field of human resource management. Design/methodology/approach: The author accepts the approach of cultural constructivism. The subject of the research is axiological assumptions applied to the issue of human resources, and the research method used is a critical analysis of scientific discourses in the field of economics and economic ethics. Findings: The author has shown that to facilitate change through an individual-focused approach to human resource management, it is essential to recognise and effectively eliminate the error of conflating economic ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the axiological framework of economics, which prioritises material utility. Harnessing the potential of the concept of ethics of care can be helpful in this regard. Originality/value: The value of the text is in proposing a - different from the traditional - account of human capital issues and in demonstrating how to overcome the axiological crisis in economics and economic ethics.

16

Health and human capital in the perspective of the ESF in Poland

Poteralski Jarosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 200

379--387

EN

Purpose: Human capital is one of the most important areas of intervention of the European Union's structural funds, with particular emphasis on the European Social Fund. And although the ESF instruments, as well as numerous interpretations of human capital, are dominated by issues related to knowledge, competence and professional suitability of a person, health is also there. As it turns out, however, issues related to health and their relationship with human capital are still a relatively unexplored issue. This is also reflected in the programming of the EU's structural policy in the area of human capital. The aim of the article is to assess and summarize nearly twenty years of Polish experience in the use of ESF funds for improving health, as an element affecting the quality and competitiveness of human capital. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents an analysis of the literature relating to the place and importance of health for human capital and support for this area within the framework of the structural and cohesion policy of the EU, implemented by the Structural Funds, with particular emphasis on the European Social Fund. In addition, the provisions of the basic strategic documents containing the assumptions for the implementation of the cohesion policy in Poland in subsequent EU budget periods in the years 2004-2020 were analyzed. Findings: The assessment of health support in the context of human capital, presented in the article, concerns three successive, fully completed, EU budget periods, namely 2004-2006, 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. In subsequent budget periods, the basic problem areas in this area were defined and, as part of operational programmes, adequate measures in the field of health of Poles were proposed. In general, the issue of health in the perspective of the Structural Funds referred to the infrastructural approach, which is the domain of the ERDF. However, in the analysed period, a certain evolution can be seen from an infrastructural (also systemic) approach, which is the domain of the ERDF, to a more "soft" approach in the areas of ESF intervention. Originality/value: The article contains one of the first studies on the link between health and human capital, which are the area of ESF support in Poland in the years 2004-2020.

17

Employees’ workplace values in the light of the literature review

Czerska Iwona, Jasiak-Kaczmarek Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 199

83--91

EN

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the values held by employees in their workplace in the light of the literature review. Design/methodology/approach: A literature analysis and critique was applied. A non- systematic literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed scientific databases. The scientific items were complemented by industry literature and online sources on the issues addressed. Findings: The broad spectrum of people's values in the work environment is derived from their personal values, age, gender, and race, as well as the industry they work in, company policies, and team relationships. Some values may become obsolete and lose their validity over time. There are also those we are only reminded of in crises, such as safety in the workplace. Research limitations/implications: The literature review was based only on two selected scientific databases, Google Scholar and PubMed. Moreover, the literature search used a specific combination of keywords using a Boolean operator, which may have omitted other scientific items in the database. Practical implications: An employer should examine the values of its employees to create optimal working conditions. Employees work better when surrounded by people with similar values, enhancing loyalty and job satisfaction. Employees’ values in the workplace evolve depending on their personal and professional life stages. Social implications: Differences in the values valued by employees should be considered in human capital management and in creating the conditions for the proper performance of job duties. Conscious management by values (ethical-social, emotional-developmental) is the basis for building employee well-being in a diverse work environment. Originality/value: The treatment of issues treating the values professed by employees in the workplace is based mainly on foreign literature on the subject, enriching the previous scientific output on human capital in the enterprise, signalling the authors' contribution to the development of the discipline of management and quality sciences. The article primarily addresses researchers and scholars dealing with human resource management, organisation values, and work sociology. The work may also interest students in sociology, psychology, and pedagogy. In addition, the article is of value to managers and leaders of groups and teams dealing with organisational behaviour and communication in organisations.

18

Model of human resource management in manufacturing companies using key performance indicators (KPIs)

Czerwińska Karolina, Pacana Andrzej

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

69--78

EN

Measuring the performance of manufacturing enterprises is now a key component of developmental organizational management. Key performance indicators make it possible to determine the effectiveness of implemented changes, set new goals and confirm the reasonableness of incurred expenditures. However, a key difficulty is the selection of adequate metrics, which should correspond to strategic objectives and be tailored to the specifics of the enterprise. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to present a model for effective human resource management in manufacturing enterprises based on key performance indicators. The developed model makes it possible to justify the necessity and examine the relevance of decisions made and investments incurred. The originality of the study is due to the methodological nature and concerns the model used, which is the author's tool for supervising the development strategy of the organization taking into account the well-being of employees. The presented model can provide important support for managers shaping the personnel policy of the enterprise and carrying out tasks in the field of employer branding.

19

On Sustainable Development under the Conditions of Human Capital Migration: A New Agenda for External and Internal Population Displacement

Martynovych Nataly, Britchenko Igor, Kolinets Lesya, Popova Yuliia

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 2

23--34

EN

The article examines the relationship between the migration of human capital and the sustainable development of socio-economic systems. The evolutionary role of migration and its dual nature are substantiated. It has been proven that, on the one hand, the influx of migrants creates a burden on social protection systems; on the other hand, developed countries that receive the main migration flows show a fairly high degree of socio-economic sustainability and compete for high-quality human capital. An analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human capital migration was carried out. The main reasons for external and internal population movement in the EU countries and Ukraine, the directions of trends, the intensity of migration and emigration in the EU countries are identified. Socio-demographic portraits of migrants from the EU countries and Ukraine were formed before and after the start of a full-scale war in Ukraine. The benefits of losses, risks, opportunities for migration of human capital and sustainable development are identified and compared. The consequences of migration for the implementation of Sustainable development goals of host countries and donor countries are identified.

PL

W artykule zbadano związek pomiędzy migracją kapitału ludzkiego a zrównoważonym rozwojem systemów społeczno-gospodarczych. Udowodniono ewolucyjną rolę migracji i jej dwoisty charakter. Udowodniono, że z jednej strony napływ migrantów stanowi obciążenie dlasystemów zabezpieczenia społecznego; z drugiej strony kraje rozwinięte, do których trafiają główne przepływy migracyjne, wykazują dość wysoki stopień stabilności społeczno-gospodarczej i konkurują o wysokiej jakości kapitał ludzki. Przeprowadzono analizę ilościowych i jakościowych cech migracji kapitału ludzkiego. Zidentyfikowano główne przyczyny zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych przepływów ludności w krajach UE i na Ukrainie, kierunki trendów, intensywność migracji i emigracji w krajach UE. Portrety społeczno-demograficzne migrantów z krajów UE i Ukrainy kształtowały się przed i po rozpoczęciu wojny na pełną skalę na Ukrainie. Identyfikuje się i porównuje korzyści wynikające ze strat, ryzyka, możliwości migracji kapitału ludzkiego i zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zidentyfikowano konsekwencje migracji dla realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju krajów przyjmujących i krajów-darczyńców

20

Driving factors of the digital economy - how countries can manage their digital development

Kiseľáková Dana, Košíková Martina, Miškufová Marta, Loumová Veronika

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2024

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Vol. 29, No. 2

311--327

EN

The digital economy and technologies play a key role in increasing the competitiveness of countries. This study aims to quantify the impact of selected socioeconomic indicators on the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and its dimensions to find driving factors of the digital economy. The literature review used an approach based on the bibliometric meta-analysis as visualization tool. Panel data regression modelling was used for the analysis. This study found socioeconomic indicators that can improve the position of a country in DESI. The most significant changes are in the case of research and development expenditure. The results point to the economic and social connections of improving digitalization as strategic managerial implications for policies. The novelty of the study is that it points to economic indicators that impact the improvement of the DESI index and positively affect the future development of the country's digital economy.

PL

Gospodarka cyfrowa i technologie odgrywają kluczową rolę w zwiększaniu konkurencyjności krajów. Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zbadanie wpływu wybranych wskaźników społeczno-ekonomicznych na Indeks Gospodarki i Społeczeństwa Cyfrowego (DESI) i jego wymiary w celu znalezienia czynników napędowych gospodarki cyfrowej. W przeglądzie literatury wykorzystano podejście oparte na metaanalizie bibliometrycznej jako narzędziu wizualizacji. Do analizy wykorzystano modelowanie regresji danych panelowych. Badanie to zidentyfikowało wskaźniki społeczno-ekonomiczne, które mogą poprawić pozycję kraju w DESI. Najbardziej znaczące zmiany dotyczą wydatków na badania i rozwój. Wyniki wskazują na ekonomiczne i społeczne powiązania pomiędzy udoskonaleniem cyfryzacji a strategicznymi implikacjami zarządczymi dla polityki. Nowością tego badania jest wskazanie wskaźników ekonomicznych, które wpływają na poprawę indeksu DESI i pozytywnie oddziałują na przyszły rozwój gospodarki cyfrowej kraju.