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1

Baltic Sea datums and their unification as a basis for coastal and seabed studies

Wolski T., Wiśniewski B., Musielak S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 2

239--258

EN

This paper presents examples of application of a common reference datum, such as NAP, within the elevation EVRS reference system for the Baltic Sea. A common reference datum allowed for setting the geographical pattern of occurrence of extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea. The eastern Baltic coasts exposed to western air masses are vulnerable to extreme hydrological events (the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Bothnia). On the contrary, the Swedish coasts of the central and northern Baltic are the least threatened by extreme sea levels. The south-western coasts of the Baltic Sea (the Bay of Mecklenburg and the Bay of Kiel) cover the basins with the most frequent and the most severe storm falls and extremely low sea levels. Demonstration of the Baltic surface deformation magnitude during a storm event is another example of NAP application. The instantaneous height difference between the north-eastern and southwestern coasts was 356 cm, which resulted from the negative impact of pressure (water cushion) induced by a dynamic and deep low-pressure system moving through the Baltic Sea. The common reference datum allowed for visualization of the so-called 'theoretical water' distribution which has a wide application in the hydraulic engineering within the coastal zone. In addition, the study provides examples of differences that may be observed during storm events between the real sea-level data and the hydrodynamic model forecast. This is of great practical significance in terms of forecasting storm surges in the Baltic Sea.

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Zużycie energii elektrycznej w tekturnicy – możliwości optymalizacji oraz prognozowania. Część 1.

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 9

537--542

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań i analiz dotyczących poboru energii elektrycznej przez tekturnice i poszczególne jej moduły. Zaproponowano systemy pomiarowe oraz modele regresji zużycia energii dla różnych fal tektury, modułów tekturnicy oraz kompletnej maszyny, a także rozwiązania umożliwiające zoptymalizowanie zużycia energii elektrycznej przez tekturnicę. Scharakteryzowano inteligentny system Power Menager (1), który umożliwia optymalizowanie zużycia energii elektrycznej w czasie produkcji. Zwrócono także uwagę na możliwości zastosowania modelu sieci neuronowej do celów prognozowania oraz przedstawiono zamierzenia firmy BHS dotyczące projektu pilotowego opartego o strukturę Systemu Realizacji Produkcji (MES – Manufacturing Execution System).

EN

The electricity consumption in the production process has been a much discussed topic over the last few years. It is very important to create a concept for reducing the electrical energy, which is used in the production of corrugated board. The core element of my consideration concerns the technology used for the drive units, which amounts to almost 70 % of the metered readings for electrical consumption. This document deals with the consumption readings and measurements for the individual modules of the corrugated board plant. Furthermore, I present a regression model for the electricity consumption for the various corrugated board plant modules. The effects on the production speed and quality are also considered. The measurements and improvement analysis are implemented on two different corrugated board plants. The measurements have been carried out on the production machines over a time period of a number of weeks. This document presents the proposals for optimizing the electricity consumption for one corrugated board plant. A special consideration is the input power into a continuous process as well as the electricity consumption when changing the production speed. The time intervals with particularly high consumption are highlighted. Another separate consideration is the downtime consumption for each individual machine. The weak points are analyzed and possible technical improvements are presented. The results of the inspection should be discussed with the electricity provider in order to use any possible synergy effects. The use of such regression models for the various production methods has not been fully investigated up to now. Particularly in times of exploding energy prices, these methods could provide a new impulse for future considerations. Alongside the required energy savings in thermal energy and insulation measures, electricity consumption has been somewhat overlooked to date. The increasing prices of the electricity providers have, however, clearly shown that optimization is also necessary in this place. A corrugated board plant is a very comprehensive and complicated machine. In principle, electricity consumption is seen as a direct component in the performance process. Actually, this is not always the case as the submitted document clearly shows. Applications such as power systems also provide the possibility to develop a prognosis for the electricity consumption during the production process regardless of the produced quality due to fluctuations in the price of electricity. Prognosis: The use of a neuronal network model will be presented for the purpose of developing a prognosis.The latest step was to present a pilot project of Messrs. BHS Corrugated, which has recently been started on the basis of MES (Manufacturing Execution System).

3

Zużycie energii elektrycznej w tekturnicy – możliwości optymalizacji oraz prognozowania. Część 2.

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 10

623--626, 628

PL

W pierwszej części artykułu (1) omówiono metodykę badań i systemy pomiarowe wykorzystywane do określania zużycia energii elektrycznej przez tekturnicę oraz poszczególne jej moduły. W tej części przedstawiono badania zużycia energii w zależności od prędkości tekturnicy i rodzaju fali w tekturze. Dokonano analizy poboru energii oraz możliwości jego optymalizacji. Do prognozowania zapotrzebowania na energię oraz optymalnego jej wykorzystania zaproponowano model systemu wykorzystujący sieci neuronowe. Opisano hierarchię Systemu Realizacji Produkcji (MES – Manufacturing Execution System). Przedstawiono korzyści wynikające z zastosowania tego systemu w prognozowaniu i optymalizacji produkcji.

EN

In the first part of the article (1) the methodology and measuring systems used for determination of corrugator and its individual modules electric energy consumption was discussed. This part describes testing of energy consumption in relation to corrugator speed and flute type. Power consumption and possibilities of its optimization are discussed. For energy consumption forecasting and its optimizing the system based on neural network was proposed. The hierarchy of the Manufacturing Execution System is described. The benefits resulting from the use of this system in forecasting and production optimization are presented.

4

Pomiary w układach napędowych z zastosowaniem sensora Ferraris

Kasprzyk J., Musielak S.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2012

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R. 58, nr 8

712-716

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie czujnika przyspieszenia typu Ferraris do oceny pracy układu napędowego przekrawacza rotacyjnego. Omówiono zasadę działania czujnika i porównano jego własności dynamiczne z przetwornikami typu sin/cos do pomiaru prędkości maszyny. Przedstawiono układ napędowy przekrawacza rotacyjnego, w którym zastosowano omawiane czujniki do diagnostyki pracy maszyny. Dokonano analizy częstotliwościowej wyników badań różnych elementów maszyny. Przedstawiono propozycje dalszych prac nad wykorzystaniem przetworników do sterowania maszyną.

EN

Dynamic development of drive systems and increasing demands in positioning contribute to research in new measurement techniques that can lead to more accurate control of machines. To assure an appropriate control of position, velocity or acceleration, these signals should be precisely measured and processed. New solutions take the advantage of Ferraris sensors which measure the relative acceleration. The paper presents an example of implementation of this type of sensors in monitoring of a high speed rotating cutoff. The principle of the sensor is based on rotating magnetic field, described by G. Ferraris. Turning the disc of non-magnetic material in the area of the stationary magnetic field, eddy currents are generated within the disc proportional to its velocity. As a consequence, secondary magnetic fields, proportional to the angular acceleration, are created and detected by the pick-up coils (Fig. 1). Three Ferraris sensors together with sin/cos encoders were installed on two knife shafts (Fig. 4) of the high speed rotating cutoff (Fig. 2) and signals collected from them were used in spectral analysis of the working machine. Data processing consist of estimation of velocity of shafts and calculation of spectra using von Hann window. Comparison of the spectra for different conditions, like, e.g., Ferraris and sin/cos sensor (Figs. 6, 7), upper and lower shaft (Fig. 8), left and right motor (Fig. 9), allows to estimate the state of the machine and to detect vibrations at particular frequencies. The results show also usefulness of the Ferraris sensors in such analysis and its predominance over classical encoders.

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Przekrawacz rotacyjny w tekturnicy.Cz. 4

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 4

245-248

6

Przekrawacz rotacyjny w tekturnicy Cz.I

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 1

21-24

PL

Przekrawacze mają zastosowanie w wielu procesach technologicznych, np. cięcia folii, tektur, blach, papierów, laminatów itd. Zasada ich działania jest podobna, ale algorytmy, przebieg fazy cięcia, tolerancje oraz warunki procesów są różne. W prezentowanej serii artykułów zostanie przedstawiony, w sposób kompleksowy, przekrawacz rotacyjny stosowany w ciągu technologicznym tektury falistej.

7

Przekrawacz rotacyjny w tekturnicy. Cz.2

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 2

81-85

8

Przekrawacz rotacyjny w tekturnicy Cz. 5

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 5

303-306

9

Przekrawacz rotacyjny w tekturnicy Cz. 3

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 3

167-170

10

Przekrawacz rotacyjny do produkcji kartonu - dokładność cięcia

Musielak S.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 9

564-568

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę dokładności cięcia na tekturnicy, w której wiodącą rolę odgrywa przekrawacz rotacyjny. Wymagania klientów dotyczące dokładności cięcia przekrawacza rotacyjnego wciąż rosną, a wymagania stawiane obecnie układom regulacyjnym pod względem właściwości dynamicznych w procesie są coraz wyższe. Dokładność cięcia jest jednym z ważniejszych wskaźników technologicznych dla klientów posiadających te maszyny i odbiorców tektury. Dochodzi bowiem do sytuacji, gdy producent na wskutek złej jakości kartonu, zbyt dużych odchyłek od tolerancji cięcia traci klientów i to nieraz bezpowrotnie! Na rynku tekturnic panuje ostra walka konkurencyjna: duże spółki oraz małe firmy rodzinne. Ciągle zmieniające się warunki na rynkach tektury wymagają prowadzenia procesu technologicznego niezawodnie i dokładnie. Tekturnica (1) jest obiektem złożonym i drogim, pracującym z reguły w systemie 3-zmianowym, a postoje i zakłócenia procesu są niewskazane.

EN

In the corrugated process, the original material is the corrugated board. In the final phase of the production, the board is cut to a certain format. This is the last phase in corrugated board production with the cutoff in the leading role. The cutting accuracy is among the major features of the cutoff. The final result of the product and the success of the board manufacturer depend on cut, cutting accuracy and on the technological "look" of the cut off board. The presentation compares two knife systems, the encoder application as a classical measurement concept and a laser application as alternative. How large are the standard deviations of the cutting process? What is the main fault cause? The major factors for negative influence on the cutoff control system are: the influence ot speed of the corrugator line and the technological process per se. The article describes the results of the research work performed on cutoffs. Growing requirements on cutting accuracy and the target to achieve a high frequency of the board cut within an order are among the most relevant criteria as to state-of-the-art cutoffs in the technological corrugator system. The author presents frequent system errors for both measurement methods in industry. An analysis of their advantages and disadvantages is available. The cutting allowance was defined, as well as the difference for the cutoff systems "Simplex", "Duplex" and "Triplex". The cutoff, type "Triplex", is becoming more frequent, and this is where problems as to cutting differences may occur - particularly in cases concerning the work of the complete module, i.e. the work of all three modules. Results relating to the German company Polytec, who are among the worldwide leading companies in this category, are presented. Examples of inconsistent processes are given and proposals for optimization by stabilization of the culling process with laser application in daily industrial routine are made. Moreover, the laser system as outstanding alternative to service and diagnostics is discussed. Target of this presentation is to introduce new corrugator customers to the alternative measurement method and the introduction of new application possibilities of the laser as to the corrugator, and not only in terms of latest state-of-the-art machines. Likewise the reduction of production costs and complaints is to be considered.

11

A long-term trend and temporal fluctuations of the sea level at the Polish Baltic coast

Wiśniewski B., Wolski T., Musielak S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.2

96-107

EN

The analysis of sea level record series along the Polish coast is presented. The main aim was to identify linear trends in the sea level changes at the coastal (Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Ustka, Łeba, Władysławowo, Hel, Gdynia, Gdańsk), lagoonal (Trzebież, Tokmicko) and riverine (Szczecin) gauge stations. The analysis showed individual coastal stations to differ in the rate of sea level changes. During 60 years of continuous observations (1947-2006), the differences varied from 1.0 (the western part of the coast) to 2.5 mm year-1 (the eastern part of the coast). The longest, more than 100-yr-long data series showed the sea level rise in Świnoujście and Kołobrzeg to be about 0.5 mm year-1; 1.57 mm year-1 being revealed in Gdańsk. Spectral analysis applied to the data showed numerous fluctuations and cyclicity in changes of the annual mean sea level at the Polish coast. A distinct, major 3-year cycle was revealed. In addition, three secondary cycles of 4.6, 6.7, and 8.6 years were present in the data, more or less clearly identifiable at individual stations.

12

Why should the Odra River mouth area not be regarded as an estuary? A geologist’s point of view

Osadczuk A., Musielak S., Borówka R.K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.2

87-99

EN

The authors find no arguments that would justify application of the term “estuary” to the area of the Odra River discharge into the Baltic Sea. The physiography, geology, and hydrology of the Odra river mouth show that the area possesses many more characteristics typical of flow-through coastal lagoons than those of estuaries. Of key importance in this respect is the Szczecin Lagoon, an extensive, shallow water body separated from the open sea by a barrier intersected by three narrow and long straits. The lagoonal nature of the area is demonstrated also by its geological history.

13

Neotectonic activity and present-day sea coast morphodynamic

Piotrowski A., Latałowa M., Relisko-Rybak J., Musielak S., Łabuz T., Wochna-Bartnik S., Schiewe M., Krzymińska J., Dobracki R

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2007

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nr 424, guide book

57-83

14

Basis for a valuation of the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea: Rationale and quest for tools

Węsławski J.M., Andrulewicz E., Kotwicki L., Kuzebski E., Lewandowski A., Linkowski T., Massel S.R., Musielak S., Olańczuk-Neyman A., Pempkowiak J., Piekarek-Jankowska H., Radziejewska T., Różyński G., Sagan I., Skóra K. E., Szefler K., Urbański J., Witek Z., Wołowicz M., Zachowicz J., Zarzycki T.

Oceanologia

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2006

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No. 48 (1)

145-167

EN

This paper summarises current knowledge of goods and services in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. It reviews specific properties of the Baltic that could be used for economic valuation. Goods and services range from the familiar resources of fish and minerals, which were valued with the Productivity Method, to less obvious services provided by the ecosystem such as biofiltration in coastal sands, valued with either the Replacement Cost or Damage Cost Avoided methods. Disservices to the marine ecosystem are also considered, e.g. erosion and coastal flooding, including the costs of planned mitigating measures. This paper emphasises the importance of using valuation methods to help make better-educated decisions for the sustainability of the Baltic Sea.