Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Evaluating the effectiveness of foam mortar as a lightweight fill for reducing foundation settlement on soft soils: a case study of Indonesian toll road projects

Sari Putu, Ansori Mohamad, Mochtar Noor Endah, Vizenthe Laode, Annida Amanda, Atmojo Anggoro

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2026

|

Vol. 35, No. 1

40--56

EN

Evaluating the effectiveness of foam mortar as a lightweight fill for reducing foundation settlement on soft soils: a case study of an Indonesian toll road. The construction of toll roads on soft soil in Indonesia is associated with significant geotechnical challenges, primarily excessive and long-lasting settlement. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of foam mortar as a lightweight fill to mitigate issues across three distinct toll road projects: Probolinggo–Banyuwangi, Kediri–Kertosono, and Semarang–Demak. The method used was comprehensive numerical analysis, focusing on assessing the magnitude and rate of subsoil compression and slope stability under different scenarios of varying embankment heights, soft soil depths, and soil improvement strategies, including prefabricated vertical drains and replacement. The results consistently showed that incorporating foam mortar significantly reduced settlement. An increase in foam mortar percentage in the embankment also led to a substantial decrease in compression magnitude. Optimal performance was observed with a mix of 75% foam mortar and 25% soil for high embankments. Furthermore, this study provided customized, efficient design solutions for each site. The trend indicates that foam mortar is a viable, cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. This is because the application enhances slope stability and ensures compliance with stringent settlement-rate criteria, offering a practical solution for infrastructure development on compressible soils.

2

Analiza numeryczna bezpieczeństwa geotechnicznego składowiska odpadów projektowanego w warunkach podłoża słabonośnego

Koda Eugeniusz, Bajda Marek, Sitek Wiktor, Lech Mariusz, Skutnik Zdzisław, Osiński Piotr

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2026

|

R. 97, nr 3

121--126

PL

Dobór sposobu posadowienia obiektów inżynierskich w trudnych warunkach geotechnicznych wymaga szczególnej analizy warunków gruntowych, przede wszystkim w zakresie interpretacji parametrów geotechnicznych. Składowiska odpadów zaliczane są do nietypowych obiektów inżynierskich, ich projektowanie wymaga zatem stosowania bardziej zaawansowanego podejścia analitycznego. W artykule przedstawiono analizę numeryczną metodą elementów skończonych zachowania się składowiska odpadów oraz podłoża gruntowego w związku z planowaną rozbudową obszaru składowania. Zakres analiz obejmuje ocenę bezpieczeństwa geotechnicznego, w tym analizę stateczności skarp oraz przemieszczeń projektowanego wykopu i nasypów otaczających strefę przyszłego składowania odpadów komunalnych. W analizach uwzględniono również proponowane metody wzmocnienia podłoża, takie jak kolumny wykonywane metodą wymiany dynamicznej (DR) oraz kolumny żwirowe (SC), prefabrykowane dreny pionowe (PVD) oraz warstwy geosyntetyczne, aby spełnić wymagania bezpieczeństwa geotechnicznego.

EN

The selection of the method of foundation of engineering structures in difficult geotechnical conditions requires a special analysis of the ground conditions, primarily in terms of the interpretation of the geotechnical parameters. Waste landfills are classified as atypical engineering facilities, so their design requires a more advanced analytical approach. The article presents a numerical analysis using the finite element method of the behavior of a waste landfill and the subsoil in connection with the planned expansion of the landfill area. The scope of the analyzes includes the assessment of geotechnical safety, including analysis of slope stability and displacements of the planned excavation and embankments surrounding the future municipal waste storage zone. The analyzes also took into account the proposed methods of strengthening the ground, such as columns made using the dynamic replacement method (DR) and gravel columns (SC), prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) and geosynthetic layers to meet the geotechnical safety requirements.

3

Impact of calculation method on results of stability analysis of stored municipal waste

Zabielska-Adamska Katarzyna, Markowska Justyna

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2026

|

Vol. 72, nr 1

481--497

EN

The paper presents a stability analysis of a municipal waste landfill lined by a single-drainage and mixed sealing layer. The drainage layer is medium-dense sand, while the mixed sealing layer consists of compacted stiff highly plastic clay and a synthetic barrier in the form of a double-sided textured HDPE geomembrane. Beneath a sealing, there is a non-woven geotextile with drainage and protective functions. The landfill was assumed as a sub-level in the excavation, where the maximum height of the waste is equal to the height of the excavation slope. Variable geometrical parameters of the municipal landfill were assumed, such as the height, the width and the inclination of the waste body. The structure stability analysis was performed using the GEO5 numerical programme. The calculations were carried out several times, looking for the most unfavourable slope surface. The considerations were conducted for checking the state of equilibrium (stability) according to design approach 3 (DA3) of Eurocode 7, approved according to the Polish National Annex and accepted in most CEN countries, and according to approach 1 (DA1) and 2 (DA2) adopted in other CEN countries. The values of the degree of utilization (utilization factor) for the ultimate limit state GEO according to Eurocode 7 were given. Stability calculations were also made considering the values of safety factors, i.e., using the characteristic values of parameters and actions. The values of the utilization factors achieved in all design approaches and the safety factor were compared.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizy stateczności odpadów komunalnych składowanych na składowisku podścielonym warstwą drenażową i mieszaną warstwą uszczelniającą. Warstwę drenażową stanowi piasek średni w stanie zagęszczonym, natomiast mieszaną warstwę uszczelniającą buduje zagęszczona glina zwięzła oraz geosyntetyczna bariera w postaci dwustronnie teksturowanej geomembrany PEHD. Pod uszczelnieniem znajduje się geowłóknina o funkcji drenażowej i ochronnej. Składowisko przyjęto jako podpoziomowe w wykopie, gdzie maksymalna wysokość składowania odpadów jest równa wysokości skarpy wykopu. Założono zmienne parametry geometryczne masywu odpadów komunalnych, takie jak wysokość, szerokość korony masywu oraz jego nachylenie. Analizę stateczności konstrukcji wykonano z wykorzystaniem programu numerycznego GEO5 (moduł Slope Stability), uwzględniając metody równowagi granicznej: Felleniusa/Pettersona, Bishopa, Spencera, Janbu i Morgensterna-Price’a, przy założeniu kołowej powierzchni poślizgu. Rozważania przeprowadzono zgodnie z podejściem 3 (DA3) Eurokodu 7 według polskiego załącznika krajowego i akceptowanego w większości krajów CEN oraz według podejść 1 (DA1) i 2 (DA2) przyjętych w innych krajach CEN. Podano wartości stopnia wykorzystania (współczynnika wykorzystania) dla stanu granicznego nośności GEO według Eurokodu 7. Obliczenia stateczności wykonano także z uwzględnieniem wartości współczynników bezpieczeństwa, tj. wykorzystując charakterystyczne wartości parametrów i oddziaływań. Porównano wartości współczynników wykorzystania uzyskanych we wszystkich podejściach projektowych oraz współczynniki bezpieczeństwa.

4

Analysis of slope stability under variable water table conditions for pre-modernized and modernized levees

Lech Mariusz, Rabarijoely Simon, Bajda Marek, Markowska-Lech Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2025

|

Nr 93 (tom 1)

43--58

EN

The catastrophic floods in Poland in previous years and the current one in 2024 have highlighted the importance of slope stability in the design, maintenance, and operation of levees, which are crucial for flood protection. While the causes of this year’s flood have not been determined yet, as experts are still working on assessing the reasons for the failure of various structures, it is evident that many have failed due to multiple factors, such as overtopping, internal erosion, and slope instability. The article highlights the importance of the observational method, which, during the operation of hydraulic structures often in use for decades, enables data collection on potential seepage through the levee and on adverse filtration phenomena. Such information allows revising previous safety calculations for the structure, adjustments of geotechnical parameters adopted during the design phase, and consideration of factors like the presence of water on the downstream side. Evaluating slope stability under these conditions reflects the actual working environment of the structure and facilitates decision-making regarding potential modernization initiatives. The article analyses the stability of the levee slope before and after its modernization. A transient seepage analysis through the levee was carried out in the selected cross-section for various water levels, and the stability of the embankment in such conditions was also assessed. Next, the modernization of the embankment was briefly described, with particular emphasis on the sealing system. Stability was evaluated under the new filtration conditions through the levee. Based on this, it was concluded that the sealing system plays a crucial role in improving the safety and stability of the slope. The analysis revealed that remedial actions alone—such as soil compaction and raising the levee crest—without the installation of sealing systems would have virtually no significant impact on the structure safety. After implementing the remedial measures, the levee safety factor can be considered safe, and the numerical analysis of water filtration through the levee indicates that future water seepage on the downstream side during river flooding should not occur.

5

Practical implications of hydrocarbon pollution in the assessment of geotechnical behaviour of cohesive soils

Izdebska-Mucha Dorota, Kiełbasiński Kamil, Doba Paweł, Wójcik Emilia, Žaržojus Gintaras

Technical Transactions

|

2025

|

Vol. 122, iss. 1

art. no. e2025023

EN

The paper presents the results of experimental laboratory investigation of cohesive soils from the Warsaw area, polluted with diesel fuel. The study revealed adverse changes in key physical parameters, sorption capacity and mechanical properties. The results were analysed in relation to pollution degree as well as structural modifications. The obtained findings were further used in numerical analyses to evaluate bearing capacity, foundation settlement, and slope stability, as well as to assess the overall behaviour of contaminated soils serving as building foundations.

6

Przyczyny utraty stateczności skarp i zboczy podczas robót budowlanych – studium przypadku

Krawczyk Dorota Anna, Flieger-Szymańska Michalina, Wojtasik Andrzej Tomasz

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 5

128--132

PL

W artykule opisano trzy przypadki utraty stateczności zboczy i skarp wykopów, do których doszło w trakcie prowadzenia robót budowlanych – w Kołobrzegu (województwo zachodniopomorskie) oraz w miejscowościach Wojnicz (województwo małopolskie) i Bratian (województwo warmińsko-mazurskie). Kompleksowa analiza okoliczności, w których doszło do powstania ruchów masowych na omawianych skarpach, przeprowadzona na podstawie wyników wierceń badawczych, sondowań statycznych i analiz numerycznych stateczności skarp oraz weryfikacja literatury przedmiotu pozwala na podsumowanie najczęstszych przyczyn prowadzących do rozwijania się tego typu zjawisk podczas prac budowlanych prowadzonych w pobliżu skarp (u ich podnóża lub w koronie). Opisane przypadki utraty stateczności skarp wykopów, przy realizacji inwestycji budowlanych, świadczą o istotnych zaniedbaniach i niedociągnięciach podczas realizacji procesu inwestycyjnego. Podobnych przypadków, związanych z problemem utraty stateczności skarp wykopów i nasypów jest zapewne wiele w skali kraju i niewątpliwie wiążą się ze znacznym wzrostem kosztów danej inwestycji. Odpowiednie analizy i prace projektowe należy zawsze poprzedzić szczegółowymi badaniami geotechnicznymi, mającymi na celu rzetelne ustalenie budowy geologicznej, warunków hydrogeologicznych i wyznaczenie parametrów gruntu.

EN

The article describes three cases of loss of stability of slopes and slopes of excavations, which occurred during construction works – in Kołobrzeg (West Pomeranian Voivodeship) and in the towns of Wojnicz (Lesser Poland Voivodeship) and Bratian (Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). A comprehensive analysis of the circumstances in which mass movements occurred on the slopes in question, carried out on the basis of the results of research drilling, static soundings and numerical analyzes of slope stability, as well as verification of the literature on the subject, allows us to summarize the most common causes leading to the development of this type of phenomena during construction works carried out near the slopes (at their foot or in the crown). The described cases of loss of stability of excavation slopes during construction investments indicate significant negligence and shortcomings during the investment process. There are probably many similar cases related to the problem of loss of stability of excavation and embankment slopes throughout the country and they undoubtedly involve a significant increase in the costs of a given investment. Appropriate analyzes and design work should always be preceded by detailed geotechnical research aimed at reliably determining the geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and determining soil parameters.

7

Proces projektowania infrastruktury na potrzeby powodzi błyskawicznych na przykładzie zadania w gminie Camporosso (Liguria, Włochy)

Szyszka Marcin

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 2

187--189

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia hydrauliczne oraz geotechniczne i konstrukcyjne charakterystyczne dla infrastruktury odprowadzania wód opadowych w obszarach miejskich zlokalizowanych na zboczach. W procesie kształtowania wielu takich ośrodków zignorowano naturalne ścieżki (potoki, strumyki) przemieszczenia się wody w kierunku morza lub dolin rzecznych. W efekcie takie miasta podczas intensywnych opadów ulegają lokalnym podtopieniom – dotyczy to zarówno dróg, jak i budynków. Artykuł opisuje napotkane problemy i zaproponowane rozwiązania dla specyficznego zadania usunięcia tego typu zdarzeń, ale przede wszystkim pokazuje typowy tok postępowania w przypadku tego typu projektów.

EN

Article regards hydraulic, geotechnical and structural aspects characteristic for infrastructure dedicated for rainwater drainage in the urban zones located at hillsides/slopes. In the process of development of such places the natural pathways of water flow in the direction of rivers or sea were ignored. Consequently, during the intense precipitations discussed towns undergo local flooding – it requires both roads and buildings. The article describes the problems encountered and proposed solutions for a specific task regarding removal of such events, however it mostly shows a typical pathway in case of planning and execution of these types of projects.

8

Wykorzystanie popiołu lotnego do stabilizacji skarp wysokich hałd odpadów górniczych

Sternik Krzysztof, Olma Anna

Materiały Budowlane

|

2025

|

nr 3

61--66

9

Stability analysis of the Racibórz Dolny Dam during the water level changes in the reservoir

Skutnik Zdzisław, Jaroszek Piotr

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2025

|

Special Issue

27--34

EN

The design of embankment dams or levee should consider the analysis of slope stability under conditions of rapid water level changes in the reservoir. The pore water pressure and the saturation state of the soil with water changes within the earth hydrotechnical structures such as dry reservoir dams occur quite often and can result in instability of the dam slope, and the abutment. Thus, in order to minimise the risk of such a situation in Racibórz Dolny Dam flood control reservoir, the stability calculations using various methods assuming different loading scenarios were carried out. The parameters for the calculations were determined on the basis of geotechnical investigations conducted during the design and construction phase of the dam, and by performing supplementary investigations for the sections selected for the calculations. The results of the calculations indicated that stability will be maintained in each of the calculation cases, and the minimum value of the factor of safety obtained will be 1.63, while the minimum factor of safety to be achieved is F > 1.5. This means that the slope of the Racibórz Dolny Dam flood control reservoir is safe and there is no risk of instability when the analysed cases occur.

10

Rockfill trenching for enhancing overburden dump height on weak soil strata

Shende Rahul, Venkatraman Srinivasan, Pandian Athiveera, Jain Shubham, Patel Anjan

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2025

|

Vol. 24, iss. 3

424--435

EN

Dumping waste on weak soil layers can destabilize the dump, compromising its capacity for material disposal. This study focuses on the stability of dumps placed over weak black cotton (BC) soil strata in central India, with an emphasis on assessing the effectiveness of rockfill trenches (RFT) in improving dump stability. A combined approach using nine limit equilibrium methods (LEM) and the finite element method (FEM) was employed for analysis. The results demonstrate that dump stability is significantly influenced by the presence of weak strata under both dry and wet conditions when the dumping height isincreased. The study also reveals that the factor of safety (FoS) can be enhanced by strategically placing an RFT near the toe of the dump. RFT width optimization for maximum stability was also carried out for increased dump height to 90 m. Moreover, the spatial arrangement of RFT beneath the dump can reduce displacement by 30–50%. The impact of RFT material properties on both FoS and displacement was examined, considering locally available materials. These findings suggest that careful design of on-site RFT dimensions can lead to substantial improvements in dump stability over weak soil layers.

11

The pore water pressure changes on forested slopes in tropical humid climate area

Hendrayanto, Fata Yulia Amirul, Askari Muhamad, Erizal, Tarigan Suria Darma, Suhartanto Ery

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 26, nr 1

121--136

EN

This study investigates the pore water pressure and water content on a forested slope, focusing on the impact of canopy interception across various rainfall intensities. The study was performed on slopes in the Sukajaya Sub District of West Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, a region that encountered landslides in 2020. Soil hydraulic characteristics, soil textures, saturated water content, and soil moisture content at different pressures, were assessed at different slope locations and depths. The pore water pressure and water content change were simulated using the one-dimensional uniform (equilibrium) finite element model of water movement using the modified Richards and were executed with the HYDRUS 1D model across six scenarios of a combination of three rainfall events at two initial conditions of water content, contrasting bare and vegetated slopes of Maesopsis eminii, which exhibited 35% canopy interception. Findings demonstrate that bare soil attains saturation more rapidly, resulting in elevated pore water pressure and increased susceptibility to slope instability. Conversely, vegetated slopes have delayed saturation owing to canopy interception, which diminishes the volume of rainfall that reaches the soil. The results highlight the crucial function of vegetation in preserving slope stability by regulating soil water pressure and water content, particularly during intense rainfall events. This research enhances comprehension of how vegetated areas might reduce landslide hazards in high-rainfall environments.

12

Slope stability at the Bau Trang area using deterministic, upper and lower bounds, and reliability analyses

Dang Van Phu, Nguyen Thi Mai Suong, Le Xuan Bao, Pham Ngoc Thinh

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2025

|

Vol. 2, no. 1

129--143

EN

The landslide at the sandhills in Bau Ba Lake in 2023 has significantly affected tourism activities in this area. Finding the exact causes and risk failure modes will help quickly come up with solutions to prevent possible landslides in the future. However, the analysis of slope stability is still done in the traditional way of deterministic analysis and has certain limitations. The question is whether or not only the deterministic analysis is enough to assess the slope stability thoroughly. If the slope stability is not analyzed fully and accurately, the solutions proposed will not be feasible and may not be effective in protecting the slope. In order to investigate slope stability in a general and accurate way, this study used the upper and lower bounds method and reliability analysis besides the deterministic analysis. In doing so, the study performed stability analysis for three cross sections, L1, L4, and L8, in the landslide area using the SLOPE/W module. In addition, scenarios of different lake water levels and live load from vehicles and visitors were also considered for analysis. The results show that in the deterministic analysis, the lake water level has a great influence on the stability of the slope, with relative differences in safety factors of around 30%. In the analysis using the lower bound analysis, the safety factor is quite low and smaller than that of the deterministic analysis by about 8%. In addition, the reliability analysis also shows that there are circular slip surfaces with safety factors smaller than those from the deterministic analysis. Another important result is that the slip surfaces with low safety factors from the deterministic analysis, the upper and lower bounds analysis, and the reliability analysis are different in shape and location. Noticeably, the lower bound analysis gives a slip surface that has the smallest safety factor. Thus, only the deterministic analysis might ignore this important issue. The results from this study will be the solid foundation for proposing appropriate solutions to reinforce and protect the sandhills in the Bau Trang area.

13

Slope Stability Analysis by the Strength Reduction Method. Part I: Slope Stability in Dry Season Scenario

Nguyen Van Hoang, Bui Van Phong

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2025

|

Vol. 1, no. 2

967--974

EN

Landslides are among the most frequent natural disasters occurring during the rainy season in the mountainous regions of Vietnam, often resulting in substantial loss of life and property. One of the most commonly used approaches to mitigate the risk associated with landslide is the implementation of early warning systems based on rainfall thresholds. However, many mountainous areas lack sufficient data on rainfall patterns and historical hazards, which limits the effectiveness of these systems. Therefore, to address these limitations, several computational methods for assessing slope stability using the factor of safety have been developed. Strength Reduction Method (SRM) is a finite element analysis method, also known as Shear Strength Reduction Method (SSRM). Stability by strength reduction technique is achieved by reducing the shear strength of the soil in elastic-plastic finite element analysis until the slope fails to reach the safety level. The safety of factor (FOS) is defined as the factor that reduces the strength of the soil leading to failure. The primary concept of SRM is to systematically reduce the shear strength envelope of the material by the safety factor and then perform finite element analysis of the slope until the deformation is unacceptably large or the solutions do not converge. In addition to these numerical methods, it is important to consider the specific behavior of unsaturated soils under rainfall. The instability of the slope increases with the decrease in shear strength due to the increase in water content in unsaturated soils due to rainfall. As rainfall infiltrates the soil, soil coherence decreases, which in turn reduces shear strength and increases the likelihood of failure. Therefore, the presence and magnitude of negative pore water pressure are very important for the stability of unsaturated slopes. Contrary to the common assumption that slope failure under rainfall is attributed to the slope slip curve with an increase in pore water pressure caused by the increase in groundwater level, the case studies and failures mainly indicate shallow slope failures. Consequently, it is essential to conduct stability analysis focusing on the near-surface layers of the slope, particularly in relation to rainwater infiltration.

14

Potential of Using Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS in Monitoring of Mine Disasters

Do Thi Phuong Thao, Bui Ngoc Quy, Trinh Le Hung

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2025

|

Vol. 1, no. 2

773--781

EN

In recent times, numerous methods have been developed to predict disasters in mining areas. Among these, the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) stands out due to its advanced nature. This technology has revolutionized the process of detecting potential risks in mining areas, significantly enhancing our ability to prevent disasters. The paper in question conducts a comprehensive review of the application of remote sensing and GIS in monitoring mine disasters. This review is based on an analysis of 44 publications from 2009 to May 2024. These publications provide insights into the practical application of these technologies in mining. The findings indicate that remote sensing and GIS are effective in identifying hazards in mining areas. The majority of studies (≈50%) focused on slope stability, followed by surface deformation monitoring (≈37.5%), while research on harmful gas detection remained limited (≈12.5%). Slope stability determination is crucial in open-pit mining where the stability of the pit walls is paramount. Harmful gas detection is vital in preventing health hazards to miners and mitigating the risk of explosions. The results of this study could provide guidance for creating specifications for the usage of remote sensing and GIS technology in analyzing mine disasters. These specifications would serve as a roadmap for the effective implementation of these technologies, enhancing the safety and efficiency of mining operations. The application of remote sensing and GIS in mining is a promising field with significant potential for further research and development. The findings underscore the importance of these technologies in advancing the field of mining safety and disaster prevention. The review emphasizes the potential of these technologies to revolutionize the mining industry by providing a more accurate, efficient, and safer way to monitor and predict mining disasters. This could lead to significant improvements in the safety standards of mining operations worldwide.

15

An In-Depth Study of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Slope Stability Assessment of Mining Sites

Long Quoc Nguyen, Canh Van Le, Dung Ba Nguyen, Minh Tuyet Dang

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2025

|

Vol. 1, no. 2

567--580

EN

The stability of mine slopes is a critical aspect of open-pit mining operations, as slope failure can result in severe economic, environmental, and human losses. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of slope stability assessments. This study presents a comprehensive review and deep analysis of AI-based approaches applied to slope stability assessment in mining areas. This study presents the first comprehensive and indepth review focusing specifically on AI-based approaches applied to slope stability assessment in mining areas, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. An in-depth analysis was adopted, focusing on peerreviewed publications from 2010 to 2025, retrieved from databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The selected studies were categorized into two main groups based on the type of AI techniques used: machine learning models and deep learning and optimization algorithms. The study reveals that AI models, particularly hybrid and deep learning approaches, outperform traditional deterministic methods in predicting slope failures, especially when dealing with complex, nonlinear geotechnical data. The integration of geospatial technologies with AI further enhances real-time monitoring and decision-making capabilities. These findings provide valuable insights for mining engineers and researchers, supporting the development of intelligent, data-driven systems for safer and more sustainable slope management in mining operations.

16

Influence of geotechnical factors on slope stability in the Western Bielawy limestone open-pit mine (Poland)

Cyran Katarzyna, Kowalski Michał

Archives of Mining Sciences

|

2025

|

Vol. 70, no. 3

359--376

EN

The stability of the slope is closely related to the safety of mining operations, rational excavation planning, and the optimal utilization of the deposit. The stability of an open-pit mine is controlled by both geotechnical and geological factors. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of complex geological conditions like karst, tectonics, and lithology on the stability of the northern slope of the Western Bielawy limestone open-pit mine in central Poland. The site, located within the Barcin-Piechcin-Pakość limestone deposit, exhibits complex lithological variability, karst features, and tectonic disturbances. An integrated approach, combining laboratory testing, detailed rock mass characterization, and numerical modelling, was employed to assess slope stability. A 3D numerical model of the northern slope was used to evaluate stability under the planned excavation geometry. Numerical simulations, conducted with FLAC 3D software, employed the Modified Shear Strength Reduction Method. The results showed that the initially planned slope geometry yielded a safety factor below acceptable thresholds due to weak, fractured claystones and weathered limestones. By modifying bench widths and reducing the slope angle, the safety factor was improved to meet the minimum required value of 1.30. The study demonstrates the necessity of integrating geological, geotechnical, and numerical methods for reliable slope stability assessments. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing excavation designs in carbonate formations affected by tectonic and weathering processes.

17

Effect of intermediate principal stress on the stability of slopes

Ma Zongyuan, Liu Lei

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 71, nr 3

83--96

EN

The intermediate principal stress (𝜎2 ) effect is a mechanical property inherent in many rock and soil materials. However, the effect of 𝜎2 is often ignored in slope stability analyses, and its impact on slope stability is seldom investigated. The primary purpose of this study is to thoroughly investigate the impact of the 𝜎2 effect on slope stability via numerical method. A detailed numerical analysis using the Finite Difference Code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) and Unified Strength Theory (UST) is conducted. The numerical analysis evaluates the values of the Factor of Safety (FOS) for two types of slopes (plane strain and axisymmetric) using the Strength Reduction Method (SRM), and the impact of the 𝜎2 effect on slope stability is analysed. The study found that the influence of the 𝜎2 effect on slope stability is not sensitive to the values of friction angle ϕ, cohesion c, and slope height H, but increases with increasing slope angle β values. Furthermore, the stability of the plane strain slope is more affected by the 𝜎2 effect than the axisymmetric slope. The impact of the 𝜎2 effect on the footing capacity and slope stability were compared, and the impact of the 𝜎2 effect on slope stability is significantly lower than its effect on the bearing capacity of footings. The innovation of this paper is to systematically analyse the effect of 𝜎2 on slope with different geometric shapes and soil parameters and reveal the inherent characteristics of 𝜎2 effect on the stability of soil slope.

18

Assessment of the risk of road embankment instability due to water filtration using fully coupled numerical analysis

Just Miłosz

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 71, nr 2

537--550

EN

The cut-off walls of infrastructural ground structures are a vital aspect of geotechnical engineering, with the array of available technologies in this domain continually expanding. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet pile walls are gaining popularity and have become a significant choice in design solutions, despite the long-standing recognition of sheet pile walls in their traditional steel form. This paper presents a case study focusing on a road embankment of a Provincial Road number 181 in Poland. It provides a historical perspective of the embankment, details the soil and water conditions of the area, and conducts an extensive analysis of filtration through embankment at various construction stages using the Finite Element Method. The study offers insights into the three-dimensional model, incorporating a fully coupled stress and seepage analysis. The results encompass water flow paths, slope stability, and displacements before and after the construction of the impermeable barrier, providing a comprehensive view of this modern and eco-friendly engineering solution.

PL

Przesłony przeciwfiltracyjne budowli ziemnych stanowią istotny element geotechniki, a zakres dostępnych technologii ograniczających przepływ wody stale się poszerza. Ścianki szczelne wykonane z polichlorku winylu (PVC) zyskują na popularności oraz stanowią coraz częstszy wybór projektantów, pomimo wieloletniego stosowania ich w swojej tradycyjnej stalowej formie. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia studium przypadku nasypu drogowego drogi wojewódzkiej nr 181 w miejscowości Drawski Młyn. Przedstawiono kontekst historyczny, opisano warunki gruntowo-wodne oraz przeprowadzono obszerną analizę filtracji przez nasyp w różnych etapach budowy przy użyciu metody elementów skończonych. W artykule zaprezentowano trójwymiarowy model numeryczny, na którym wykonano w pełni sprzężoną analizę naprężeń i przepływu. Wyniki zawarte w publikacji obejmują ścieżki przepływu wody przez nasyp, stateczności skarpy oraz przemieszczenia przed i po wykonaniu przesłony, przedstawiając nowoczesne i ekologiczne rozwiązanie tego problemu inżynierskiego.

19

Analiza numeryczna zachowania się skarpy gruntowej w warunkach zadanych wymuszeń dynamicznych

Okroj Paweł, Hulimka Jacek

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2024

|

R. 95, nr 1-2

44--49

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proponowaną metodę szacowania stateczności skarp gruntowych narażonych na oddziaływania dynamiczne w efekcie prowadzonych w pobliżu prac. Omówiono założenia metody oraz sposób weryfikacji uzyskanych wyników metodą porównania efektów analizy MES z wynikami bezpośrednich pomiarów drgań wierzchniej płaszczyzny gruntu w pobliżu frontu prac. Proponowaną metodę zilustrowano wynikami przykładowych analiz dla dwóch różnych gruntów budujących skarpę.

EN

The paper presents a proposed method for estimating the stability of ground slopes subjected to dynamic inputs as a result of work carried out nearby. The assumptions of the method and the verification procedure of the obtained results by comparison of the effects of FEM analysis with the results of direct measurements of vibrations of the topsoil plane in the vicinity of the work front are discussed. The proposed method is illustrated with the results of exemplary analyses for two different soils forming the slope.

20

The influence of water runoff pressure on the stability of natural and engineering slopes

Łupieżowiec Marian

Materiały Budowlane

|

2024

|

nr 8

33--45

EN

A very common reason for the loss of stability of slopes is water pressure resulting from weather conditions or changes in water filtration in the ground. The force resulting from these pressures is usually one of the main factors initiating the loss of stability. Stability is also influenced by changes in the water level in the slope after heavy rains. Stability taking into account the impact of water can be simulated using the finite element method using the c – φ reduction method.

PL

Bardzo częstym powodem utraty stateczności skarp i zboczy jest ciśnienie wody pojawiające się wskutek warunków atmosferycznych lub zmiany filtracji wody w podłożu. Siła będąca skutkiem tego ciśnienia przeważnie stanowi jeden z głównych czynników inicjujących utratę stateczności, na którą ma wpływ również zmiana poziomu wody w zboczu po wystąpieniu ulewnych deszczy. Stateczność z uwzględnieniem oddziaływania wody można symulować metodą elementów skończonych, stosując metodę redukcji c – φ.