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1

Assessment of spatial distribution of the geodetic vertical network points – a case study of Wieliczka County

Kudas Dawid

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2026

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no. 2

21--34

EN

Access to geodetic control network points is key to the success of most surveying works. Particular attention should be paid to designing the locations of geodetic vertical control network points, as they enable the correlation of measurements and the implementation of a valid vertical frame in a given area. The development of GIS tools has made it possible to analyse the density of geodetic networks and their spatial relationships with the surrounding area. This article applies classical analysis methods (Voronoi diagrams, nearest neighbour analysis, distance matrix) to examine the spatial distribution of a geodetic control network in a selected county. The study focused on the detailed vertical control network that was modernized in 2021, as well as the existing points of the basic vertical geodetic network in the Wieliczka County. The analyses showed that despite the destruction of 48% of the points of the basic vertical geodetic network, the configuration of remaining points can still be effectively used to establish a detailed vertical control network. The density of the existing vertical network in Wieliczka County averages 1.6 points/2 km2 . Approximately 83% of buildings have two vertical points within a 1 km radius. The distances the existing vertical geodetic network points (basic and detailed) indicate the economic feasibility of establishing a height measurement network in the vast majority of Wieliczka County (for approximately 57% of the area, the sum of straight-line distances does not exceed 1.5 km). Research also revealed inconsistencies between publicly available databases of geodetic networks.

PL

Dostęp do punktów osnowy geodezyjnej jest kluczowy dla sukcesu większości prac geodezyjnych. Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na zaprojektowanie lokalizacji punktów osnowy geodezyjnej pionowej, ponieważ umożliwiają one korelację pomiarów i wdrożenie poprawnej ramy pionowej na danym obszarze. Rozwój narzędzi GIS umożliwił analizę gęstości osnowy geodezyjnej i jej relacji przestrzennych z otoczeniem. W niniejszym artykule zastosowano klasyczne metody analizy (diagramy Woronoja, analiza najbliższego sąsiedztwa, macierz odległości) do zbadania rozmieszczenia przestrzennego osnowy geodezyjnej w wybranym powiecie. Badania skoncentrowano na szczegółowej osnowie pionowej, która została zmodernizowana w 2021 r., a także na istniejących punktach podstawowej osnowy pionowej w powiecie wielickim. Analizy wykazały, że pomimo zniszczenia 48% punktów podstawowej osnowy pionowej, konfiguracja pozostałych punktów nadal może być efektywnie wykorzystana do utworzenia szczegółowej osnowy pionowej. Gęstość istniejącej osnowy pionowej w powiecie wielickim wynosi średnio 1,6 punktu/2 km². Około 83% budynków ma dwa punkty pionowe w promieniu 1 km. Odległości między istniejącymi punktami pionowej osnowy geodezyjnej (podstawowej i szczegółowej) wskazują na ekonomiczną opłacalność budowy osnowy pomiaru wysokości w zdecydowanej większości powiatu wielickiego (na około 57% powierzchni suma odległości w linii prostej nie przekracza 1,5 km). Badania ujawniły również rozbieżności między publicznie dostępnymi bazami danych osnów geodezyjnych.

2

Monitoring and spatial distribution of the red scale insect Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) infesting guava trees

Bakry Moustafa M. S., Fathipour Yaghoub, Avery Pasco B.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

209--218

EN

The red scale insect Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a major pest of guava trees in different parts of the world. This study aims to determine the population abundance and spatial distribution pattern of A. aurantii during the two successive growing seasons of 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. This pest was surveyed every two weeks in a private guava grove located in the Armant district of the Luxor region of Egypt. The results showed that individuals of A. aurantii were found on the leaf surfaces of guava trees at varying densities throughout the year. In the south-eastern site, where population density remained continuously high during the two years of the study, the pest favoured the upper leaf surface in the basal canopy layer. In this context, the spatial distribution pattern of A. aurantii at all sites on the guava tree was aggregated using dispersion measures over the two years. To distinguish the estimates of A. aurantii individuals in the sixteen coordinates studied, the cluster analysis method was used in conjunction with correlation analysis. Principal component analysis was performed, followed by two-dimensional analysis of sixteen coordinates to establish their correlation. Based on the findings of this study, an integrated pest management strategy can now be developed to help mitigate pest populations of A. aurantii found in guava tree orchards.

3

Spatial distribution of the invasive plant Vernonanthura polyanthes across land cover types of Chikukwa community in Chimanimani district, Zimbabwe

Bishi Takwana Muindisi, Tarakini Tawanda

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2025

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Vol. 5, no. 1

5--18

EN

Understanding species spatial distribution and invasiveness is vital in assessing its potential impacts to the ecosystem and livelihoods of communities affected. Due to climate change, invasion by alien woody species particularly, in mountain ranges bordering Zimbabwe and Mozambique, is increasing with potential impacts indicating significant loss of biodiversity on affected areas. The distribution of the invasive plant Vernonanthura polyanthes is poorly documented in eastern highlands of Zimbabwe, an area important for food production and endemic plants and animals. This study mapped the spatial distribution of V. polyanthes and predicted its invasion hotspots across various land cover types of Chikukwa, Ward 10, Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe. Chikukwa being in proximity to the Zimbabwe-Mozambique boarder, V. polyanthes is rapidly spreading into different land covers of Chikukwa thereby affecting livelihood of this community. Supervised land cover classification was used to develop the land cover types. Vegetation attributes (species abundance, diversity, evenness, height and diameter at breast height) were assessed on 30 sampling plots which were randomly selected across the land cover categories. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used for vegetation assessments and predict invasion hotspots for V. polyanthes. This study shows that forest and shrub land had higher vegetation diversity compared to other land covers. The V. polyanthes formed the most densely populated patches, and 26.3% of Chikukwa is regarded as its hotspot areas. Intervention strategies in Chikukwa are therefore recommended based on the identified hotspots for V. polyanthes.

4

Multi-Perspective Evaluation of Urban Green Views: Spatial and Street-View Data Integration in Sudirman Central Business District, Indonesia

Pradana Mohammad Raditia, Wibowo Adi, Semedi Jarot Mulyo

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 3

91--114

EN

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are critical for enhancing urban livability and sustainability by providing both ecological and human-centered benefits. This study integrates spatial landscape metrics and the street-level visibility of greenery (measured through the green view index [GVI]) in order to evaluate the structural and visual characteristics of UGSs in a dynamic urban area – specifically, the Sudirman Central Business District (SCBD) of Jakarta, Indonesia. The analysis focuses on examining the roles of landscape metrics such as area, perimeter, compactness, shape index, and elongation in influencing the GVI and its spatial variability across different types of urban green spaces (including parks, green corridors, and open spaces). The results indicated that larger and more compact UGSs significantly contributed to higher GVI levels (thus, reflecting better visual greenery), while elongated and fragmented green spaces exhibited greater variability and lower visibility. Non-linear relationships (assessed through random forest regression and SHAP analysis) further revealed the complex interactions between GVI and landscape metrics, thus emphasizing the importance of incorporating advanced statistical approaches. The limitations that are related to data quality, temporal coverage, and spatial heterogeneity are also discussed, thus highlighting opportunities for future research for addressing these challenges through multi-temporal analyses and spatially explicit models. By bridging the gap between the spatial configurations and visual perception of UGSs, this study contributes to sustainable urban-planning strategies that are aimed at optimizing green spaces for ecological functionality and human well-being.

5

The Role of Spatial Distribution of Geotechnical Soil Parameters in Site Investigation

Olinic Tatiana, Olinic Ernest Daniel, Boți Ioan, Ciocaniu Ionuț Alexandru

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2024

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Vol. 46, nr 3

230--243

EN

The correct investigation of the foundation soil is essential for the optimal and efficient design of any structure. The interaction of a structure with the foundation soil can only be evaluated through the physical and mechanical characteristics of the intercepted geotechnical layers on the entire zone of influence. For this reason, the role of technical documentation that includes and summarizes field investigations and laboratory tests is particularly important. An important and sometimes complicated component in providing useful design information is the division into geotechnical or computational layers. This can be done at different levels, starting from the physical characteristics such as color, grain size distribution, plasticity and consistency and can continue with the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of compressibility and shear strength. The aim of the paper is to create a graphical representation of the geotechnical parameters using a spatial interpolation technique (Kriging method). The creation of 2D maps using SURFER software assists geotechnical engineers in the correct interpretation of the geotechnical parameters. This interpolation technique for division into layers is also useful in quarries and borrows pits, when soil is used as construction material.

6

The effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen and total phosphate in Lake Maninjau

Komala Puti S., Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Kurniati Roselyn I., Fauzi Mhd

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

71--78

EN

This study aimed to analyse the effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, during the dry season. Sampling was carried out at ten observation locations representative for various activities around the lake. Cluster analysis and ANOVA were used to classify pollutant sources and observe differences between TN and TP at each site. Concentrations of TN and TP are categorised as oligotrophic-eutrophic. The ANOVA showed spatially that some sampling locations, such as the Tanjung Sani River, floating net cages, and hydropower areas have different TN concentrations. At the same time, TP levels were consistently significantly different across sampling sites. ANOVA and cluster analysis confirmed that floating net cages were the first cluster and the primary contributor to TN and TP. The second and third clusters come from anthropogenic activities around the lake, such as agriculture, settlement, and livestock. The fourth cluster with the lowest TN and TP is the river that receives the anthropogenic activity load but has a high flow velocity. The cluster change analysis needs to be conducted when there are future changes in the composition of floating net cages, agriculture, and settlements.

7

A Bichordites-dominated ichnofabrics from Spanish Pliocene calcarenites: traces of marine life in migrating dunes

Łaska Weronika, Hsieh Shannon, Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J., Uchman Alfred

Geological Quarterly

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2024

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Vol. 68, No. 4

art. no. 41

EN

A series of Pliocene ichnofabrics is described from the Cuevas Formation, Almería-Níjar Basin of south-eastern Spain, where a thick, cross-stratified, mixed bioclastic-siliciclastic succession is exposed along a laterally continuous section. It records the dynamic conditions of ancient subaqueous dunes during their deposition and the activities of organisms colonizing them. The ichnofabrics are dominated by Bichordites, traces likely made by burrowing sea urchins adapted to live in shifting sand. Ichnofabrics range from those showing weak bioturbation with little else but Bichordites (representing high-energy, continuously migrating dunes) to ichnofabrics featuring a high degree of bioturbation containing a low to moderately diverse ichnofauna (representing more physically stable environments where organisms could gather food in less agitated waters). Strong burrowers like the Bichordites producers could have acted as ecosystem engineers. Piscichnus producers may have preyed on benthic sand-dune organisms. The non-uniform distribution of ichnotaxa in these Pliocene sand dunes, alongside previous studies, suggests that these ancient bioturbating communities may have been similar to those in modern seas.

8

Spatial Distribution, Ecological Risk and Analysis of Sources of Trace Metal Elements in Surface Sediments of Pond Thomas (Brenne), France

Haouchine Amina, Nedjai Rachid, Motelica-Heino Mikael, Erdmann Saskia, Nemer Zoubida

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 8

194--206

EN

This study aims to contribute to understanding the processes influencing the spatial distributions of trace metal elements in surface sediments of Brenne’s ponds (France) and assess potential pollution levels in the area. It was motivated by the lack of knowledge regarding the hydrogeochemical dynamics of limnic entities, which are ponds. To achieve this, 25 sediment samples were collected from Pond Thomas, considered as a ‘sentinel pond’, and underwent analysis for grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, and trace metal elements (TMEs) (specifically Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, Cr, and Cd). The results revealed that trace metal elements are primarily concentrated in two areas: the northwest section and the upstream region in the southern part of the pond. Applying various pollution indicators such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (RI), it was found that Pb and As are the most enriched elements, with respective EFs of 3.5 and 4.9. Their average concentrations exceed geochemical background values by 4 and 5.68 times in certain samples. The sediments in the southern part of the pond showed moderate contamination levels for As and Pb, with moderate to severe pollution (2 < Igeo < 3), reaching a maximum Igeo of 2.26 for As. Although the RI values across the pond are relatively low, Cd and As still pose moderate potential ecological risks. Additionally, principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis indicated two sources of TMEs in the area: Zn, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr are primarily from natural sources, while Cu appears to have a local anthropogenic origin.

9

Effect of touristic activities on seabirds’ habitat selection on sandy beaches

Costa Leonardo, Rangel Danilo Freitas, Zalmon Ilana

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 3

287--298

EN

Seabirds are biological models for habitat selection studies at different spatial scales. In general, seabirds select areas with a higher availability of prey, but human disturbances can modify their spatial and temporal foraging patterns in urban coastal ecosystems. Here we tested the hypothesis that human activities prevent seabirds foraging on beach sectors that are impacted by urbanization and recreational activities. Seabirds were counted while foraging at the interface between the surf zone and foreshore in three sectors with different levels of urbanization in southeastern Brazil. Physical variables, prey abundance, and human stressors, such as the number of people and dogs, were also measured. The brown booby Sula leucogaster foraged mainlyin the least impacted sector, despite the lower abundance of prey and harsher physical conditions. The number of individuals of this species was negatively related to the number of people, indicating a human-induced avoidance behaviour. In turn, the kelp gull Larus dominicanus, asynatropic species, was more abundant in the high impact sector. Our results have implications for the management and conservation of sandy beaches, especially regarding the zoning and selection of priority areas for environmental protection and nature-based ecotourism activities.

10

Seasonal characteristics of nutrient and nutrient structure in the Yangtze River estuary

Li Lei, Xv Guodong, Zheng Yingjie, Jiang Mei

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 3

115--122

EN

This data article aimed to evaluate the influencing mechanisms of the nutrients and the level of eutrophication in the Yangtze River estuary. The seasonal characteristics of nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), SiO3-2–Si, and PO43-P) in the seawater of the Yangtze River estuary were analyzed by conducting surveys in spring and summer of 2019. The findings revealed that the concentrations of all nutrient at the surface and bottom layers were lower in spring compared to summer. NO3–N was typically the major form of DIN. Runoff was identified as the primary source of DIN and SiO32−–Si, while PO43−–P originated from a various sources. The SiO32−–Si, while PO43−–P values in the surface and bottom layers during the spring and summer were higher than the Redfield values, indicating an imbalanced nutrient distribution. Furthermore, discrepancies were observed in the distributions of DIN/PO43−–P, SiO32−–Si/DIN, and SiO32−–Si/PO43−–P in the Yangtze River estuary. Through an examination of the ratio of DIN/PO43−–P absorbed by phytoplankton, PO43−–P was identified as a potential limiting factor for nutrition in the sea area of the Yangtze River estuary during spring and summer. The Eutrophication Index (E) values for both spring and summer were found to be higher than the eutrophication threshold, indicating severe eutrophication in the studied sea area.

11

Suitable sites identifcation for potential rainwater harvesting (PRWH) using a multi criteria decision support system (MCDSS)

Radwan Farid, Alazba Abdulrahman Ali

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 1

449--468

EN

The world today faces water scarcity issues, especially in developing countries. This situation is further aggravated under arid and semiarid climates with the water demand increasing and limited rainfall events. The study was conducted in the Riyadh metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia. The study area has a hot arid desert climate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for harvesting rainwater to confront the increasing water demand. This research aims to identify the potential rainwater harvesting (PRWH) suitable sites based on the multi-criteria decision support system by the spatial analytic hierarchy process, with the aid of the integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques. Mapping PRWH was carried out using the thematic layers of the slope, soil texture, land use and land cover (LULC), precipitation, and potential runoff coefficient (PRC). The study findings revealed that Riyadh has four hydrologic soil groups (HSGs), namely A, B, C, and D groups, and the percentage area is 2%, 26%, 3%, and 71%, respectively. The slope classes are fat (8–15%), moderately steep (>15–30%), and mountainous (>30%). The LULC layers are barren lands, agricultural lands, urban, and roads. The precipitation has been distributed into five classes namely very low (5.9%), low (10.1%), medium (13.2%), high (13.5%), and very high (57.3%) of the total investigated area. The PRC values were distributed in five levels namely very low (0.3–0.5), high (>0.5–0.7), and very high (>0.7–1), where about 83% of the capital faces high and very high PRC values. The percentage area of PRWH suitability sites is unsuitable (0.4%), poor (0.8%), moderate (13.3%), good (47.5%), and excellent (38%) of the total entire area. More than 85% of Riyadh has good and excellent suitability for PRWH. This study is tantamount to a powerful tool for identifying the PRWH suitability sites in arid and semiarid regions to confront the water demand increase.

12

Habitat suitability models of five keynote Bulgarian Black Sea fish species relative to specific abiotic and biotic factors

Zlateva Ivelina, Raykov Violin, Slabakova Violeta, Stefanova Elitsa S., Stefanova Kremena B.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

665--674

EN

Over the past few years, predicting species spatial distributions has been recognized as a powerful tool for studying biological invasions in conservation biology and planning, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Species spatial distribution models (SDMs) are used extensively for assessing the effects of changes in habitat suitability, the impacts of climate change, and the realignment of the existing conservation priorities. SDMs relate known patterns of species occurrences to a specific set of environmental conditions. Accordingly, we have used MaxEnt SDM tool in order to provide habitat suitability models of 5 keynote fish species: European sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.), red mullet (Mullus barbatus, L.), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, L.), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix, L.) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus, L.), inhabiting the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea. Presence-only (PO) data collected by pelagic surveys performed between 2017 and 2019 was further utilized to link known species occurrence localities with selected abiotic factors, such as surface sea temperature and salinity, dissolved oxygen, and speed of currents. Biotic interactions were also considered for fitting the patterns of habitat suitability models. The SDMs, obtained from the present research study, prove to have satisfactory predictive accuracy to be further implemented for conservation measures and planning, stock management policy-making, or ecological forecasting.

13

Spatial Distribution and Diversity of Marine Zooplankton Adjacent to the St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh

Alam Md. Jobaer, Kamal A. S. M. Maksud, Ahmed Md. Kawser, Khondker Moniruzzaman, Fayyaz Rafid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

154--163

EN

Bangladesh, a country that lies on the north shores of the Bay of Bengal, has been blessed with a plethora of natural resources. St. Martin’s Island, the only coral-bearing island in Bangladesh, is undoubtedly regarded as one of the most prized possessions. It is rich in biodiversity, but truly scientific information on it is lacking. In the present investigation, 14 stations adjacent to St. Martin’s Island within the Bay of Bengal were sampled for determining the composition, spatial distribution, species richness, and diversity of pelagic zooplankton. Samples were collected in the pre-monsoon hot season. From the community of zooplankton, 34 species were reported. Most of the species belonged to copepods. Besides, Polychaeta and Cirripedia were also present in the community. The most significant species belonged to Oithona, Canthocalanus, Balanus, Euterpina, and Microsetella. Total zooplankton standing crop varied from 45,000–125,000 ind/m3 and the highest number of species (8) were observed at station 7. Strong variability in the distribution of species was observed in the studied stations. The number of genera collected at each station varied from 4–8. Data on species richness (Df) varied from 1.30–3.04 and that of the Shannon-Wiener Index (H) from 1.33–1.93. The species composition of zooplankton and the species richness and the diversity index of the population was comparable to the other studies carried out in the Central and Western Bay of Bengal.

14

Effect of water quality on the spatial distribution of charophytes in the Peshawar Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Khuram Izaz, Ahmad Nadeem, Barinova Sophia

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2021

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Vol. 50, No. 4

359--372

EN

The presented research was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan, to study for the first time the effect of water quality on the spatial distribution of charophytes. A total of six taxa of charophytes were found at 41 sites in the Peshawar Valley along the banks of seven rivers, 16 streams and two wetlands: Chara braunii C.C.Gmelin, C. connivens Salzmann ex A.Braun, C. contraria A.Braun ex Kützing, C. globularis Thuiller, C. vulgaris Linnaeus, and Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux) J.Groves. Chara vulgaris was the most abundant species, followed by C. globularis, and C. contraria. Water pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were within the permissible limits for Pakistan, while water temperature, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and resistivity showed deviations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that DO affected Chara vulgaris, pH and resistivity affected C. braunii, C. connivens and C. globularis, temperature and ORP affected C. contraria and Nitellopsis obtusa. Furthermore, CCA showed that TDS, EC, and salinity had no effect on the spatial distribution of Chara contraria, C. vulgaris and Nitellopsis obtusa. Chara contraria and Nitellopsis obtusa should be protected under VU (Vulnerable) status (IUCN) along with their habitats.

15

Impact of water salinity on long-term dynamics and spatial distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Small Aral Sea

Krupa Elena, Grishaeva Olga

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2019

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Vol. 48, No. 4

355--367

EN

In 1996–2008, macrozoobenthos of the Small Aral Sea was investigated. A total of 320 macrozoobenthos samples were collected. Statistical analysis and statistical mapping were performed using Statistica and Photoshop software. Ten taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified, with an average water salinity of the Small Aral Sea ranging from 6.3 to 19.0 PSU. Average annual community abundance reached 1962 specimens m-2, with biomass of 107.1 g m-2. Quantitative variables of macrozoobenthos decreased by an order of magnitude by the end of the analyzed period. The polychaete Hediste diversicolor and mollusks Abra ovata, Cerastoderma glaucum, Caspiohydrobia sp. were the dominant taxa. Statistical mapping and correlation analysis revealed that the high biomass of A. ovata and Caspiohydrobia sp. occur in areas with high water salinity. Aggregations of the mollusk C. glaucum were observed in various areas of the sea. The polychaete H. diversicolor preferred areas with relatively low salinity. Analysis of the results showed that the optimum salinity gradient with Aral salt composition was 17–27 PSU for A. ovata, Caspiohydrobia sp. and C. glaucum, while 1–27 PSU for H. diversicolor. Along with changes in water salinity, the currently growing pressure from freshwater fish is an additional factor affecting the structure of benthic communities in the Small Aral Sea.

16

Random forest assessment of correlation between environmental factors and genetic differentiation of populations : case of marine mussels Mytilus

Kijewski Tomasz, Zbawicka Malgorzata, Strand Jakob, Kautsky Hans, Kotta Jonne, Rätsep Merli, Wenne Roman

Oceanologia

|

2019

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No. 61 (1)

131--142

EN

The novelmachine learning technique Random Forest (RF) was used to test if the genetic differentiation of populations of marine species maybe related to any of the key environmental variables known to shape species distributions. The study was performed in North and Baltic Sea characterized by strong gradients of environmental factors and almost continuous distributions of Mytilus mussel populations. Assessment of the species identity was performed using four nuclear DNA markers, and previously published single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. A general pattern of cline variation was observed with increasing Mytilus trossulus share towards the eastern Baltic Sea. Average allele share rose to 61% in Höga Kusten, Gulf of Bothnia. All Baltic Sea samples revealed a strong introgression of Mytilus edulis and a limited introgression of M. trossulus through the Danish Straits. The studied environmental variables described 67 and 68% of the variability in the allele frequencies of M. edulis and M. trossulus. Salinity defined over 50% of the variability in the gene frequencies of the studied Mytilus spp. populations. Changes along this environmental gradient were not gradual but instead a significant shift from gene dominance was found at a salinity of 12 PSU. Water temperature and the trophic status of the sea area had only moderate association with the gene frequencies. The obtained results showed that the novel machine learning technique can be successfully used for finding correlations between genetic differentiation of populations and environmental variables and for defining the functional form of these linkages.

17

Wetlands of the Volhynian Polissia (Western Ukraine) : classification, natural conditions of distribution and spatial difference

Solovey Tatiana

Geological Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 1

139--149

EN

The post-glacial areas are characterized by favorable conditions for the formation of wetlands as a result of the widespread occurrence of depressions without outflow - center for the development of wetlands. The studies of morphogenetic conditions of the wetland development in Volhynian Polissia within the territory of Ukraine and the formation of their water regime reveal several features of their distribution and typological variety. The location of wetlands were characterized in reference to the shape of base/subsoil and its lithology. The typical structure of post-lacustrine, paludificational, riverside and spring peatlands of the Volhynian Polissia were shown and their development were also discussed. The wetland evolution under the influence of the postglacial landscape degradation leads to disappearance of the depression wetlands in glacial forms, increase of the peat bog trophicity and the level of peat dissolution. The supply conditions and characteristics of water regime are determined for separate peatlands. According to the origin and water flow/supply four types of wetland were extracted: ombrogenic, topogenic, soligenic and fluviogenic. It was found that the reasons of the high marshes areas (21%) in Volhynian Polissia are the geological and geomorphological conditions retaining/stopping the runoff and also local groundwater circulation system.

18

Trace metal concentrations in Pleurozium schreberi and Taraxacum officinale along the road No. 7

Korzeniowska Joanna, Ewa Panek

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 4

651--663

EN

The aim of this study is to test two plant species, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale and moss Pleurozium schreberi, as bio monitors of trace metal pollution emitted by motor vehicles. The samples of the moss Pleurozium schreberi (green segments) and the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (leaves) were collected within 12 transects along the state road No. E77 near Chyzne, Sothern Poland. The transects were located on the eastern and western side of the road (downwind and upwind towards prevailing winds), at the following distances from the road: 5, 50, 100, 300 500 and 600 m. Total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn in the plant material were determined. The studied species accumulated trace metals in the similar amounts. Statistically significant differences in metal concentrations between two plant species were observed only in the case of Cu and Pb. Copper concentrations were higher in the common dandelion, while the moss Pleurozium schreberi accumulated considerably higher amounts of Pb. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the trace metal concentrations in plants and the distance to the road. There are also statistically significant differences in concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the common dandelion between the samples collected from the opposite sides of the road: upwind/downwind towards the prevailing wind direction at the distance up to 300 meters. The concentrations are higher on the downwind side of the road.

19

Analysis of spatial distribution of acceleration of the motor car body on the railroad crossing

Mielniczuk J., Waluś K., Polasik J.

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2018

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Nr 4

9--13

EN

The paper deals with the problems related to the behaviour of a small delivery vehicle getting across a railroad crossing with a predetermined speed. The tests were aimed at estimating the accelerations acting on the vehicle body at the moment of contact between the tire and the rail head. The use of the ADIS 16385 measurement system enabled to estimate the approach speed, the total distance traveled and the accelerations in the local and global coordinate systems. Surface irregularities affect the response of the tire, of the suspension and are transferred to the vehicle body. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of the vehicle crossing an obstacle.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki zachowania się małego pojazdu dostawczego podczas pokonywania przejazdu kolejowego z zadaną prędkością. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu oszacowanie przyspieszeń oddziałujących na bryłę nadwozia pojazdu w momencie styku opony z główką szyny. Wykorzystując układ pomiarowy ADIS 16385, możliwe było oszacowanie prędkości najazdu, całkowitej przebytej drogi oraz przyspieszeń w lokalnym i globalnym układzie współrzędnych. Nierówności nawierzchni wpływają na reakcję opony, zawieszenia i przenoszą się na bryłę nadwozia. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki rozpoznawczych badań doświadczalnych przejazdu pojazdu przez przeszkodę.

20

Assessing Spatial Distributions of Total Trace Elements Content in Bottom Sediments of Dzierżno Duże Water Reservoir – Geostatistics-Based Studies

Rozpondek R., Rozpondek K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

52--60

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distributions of total trace elements content in the bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże water reservoir, along with the comparison of the accuracy and characteristics of Kriging and IDW interpolations. On the basis of regular measurement grid consisting of 53 points, bottom sediments samples were collected. Mean values of total trace elements content in bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże were as follows: Zn – 410 mg/kg, Pb – 57 mg/kg, Cr – 36 mg/kg, Cu – 40 mg/kg, Cd – 5 mg/kg, Ni – 16 mg/kg and Ba – 267 mg/kg. According to the geochemical quality classification, the concentrations of Cd in 32% of samples were assigned to class IV (heavily contaminated), 45% to class III (contaminated), Zn in 42% samples to class III with 1 sample in class IV and 26% to class II (slightly contaminated), Pb in 9% to class III and 58% to class II, Cu in 4% to class III and 68% to class II, Cr in 17% to class II, Ni in 55% to class II, Ba in 8% to class III and 61% in class II. Coefficient of determination was determined between each case of trace elements content. The highest correlation (R2 in range from 0.81 to 0.96) was observed between Zn and Pb, Zn and Cu, Zn and Cr, Zn and Ni, Pb and Cu, Pb and Cr, Cu and Cr, Cr and Ni. Significant correlation (R2 in range from 0.70 to 0.80) occurred between: Zn and Cd, Pb and Ni, Cu and Ni, Cd and Ni. The lowest correlations (R2 in range from 0.25 to 0.70) were observed between concentration of Ba and the rest of trace elements. Two different interpolation methods were chosen for the purpose of generating spatial distributions – Inverse Distance Weighted and Ordinary Kriging. These methods were chosen for purpose of obtaining optimal accuracy result of spatial distributions. The distributions of trace elements content were classified by means of geochemical criteria. In the case of accuracy comparison between IDW and Ordinary Kriging, the former had slightly better results in terms of mean value and root mean square. The generated spatial distributions allowed to determine the most contaminated areas, which were mainly northern-central and southern-central parts of water Dzierżno Duże reservoir.