Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Geospatial analysis of the sand market as a factor in selecting the location of a plant producing dry mortar mixtures

Machniak Łukasz, Łochańska Dorota

Materiały Budowlane

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2025

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nr 8

89--100

EN

The purpose of the study was to apply GIS to analyze sand availability in selecting the location of a dry mix plant. Geospatial analysis showed that only 18% of the country’s area met the minimum assumed location criteria. This proves that the sand availability factor can be important in site selection together with other factors, i.e.: availability of transportation infrastructure, demand for final products, competitive analysis, as well as land use, regulatory and environmental aspects.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy zastosowania GIS do analizy dostępności piasku przy wyborze lokalizacji zakładu produkcji suchych mieszanek. Analiza geoprzestrzenna wykazała, że tylko 18% powierzchni kraju spełnia minimalne założone kryteria lokalizacyjne. Dowodzi to, że czynnik dostępności piasku może mieć istotne znaczenie w doborze lokalizacji wspólnie z innymi czynnikami, tj. dostępność infrastruktury transportowej, popyt na produkty końcowe, analiza konkurencji, a także aspekty związane z zagospodarowaniem przestrzennym, regulacjami prawnymi oraz ochroną środowiska.

2

Flood susceptibility assessment using GIS-AHP and morphometric analysis in the El Malabiod Watershed, Northeastern Algeria

Ramdani Rayene Sirine, Fehdi Chemseddine, Gueraidia Nour El Houda, Gueraidia Saida, Hafnaoui Sami

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2025

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no. 1

199--216

EN

This study aims to assess flood susceptibility in the El Malabiod watershed in Algeria, using a combined approach of morphometric analysis, land use/land cover mapping, soil texture mapping, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Morphometric analysis quantified the geomorphological characteristics of the basin, such as slope, drainage density, and relief, which influence the hydrological behavior of the basin. Concurrently, land use/land cover and soil texture maps were integrated to provide a comprehensive view of surface factors affecting flood susceptibility. These criteria were synthesized into a flood susceptibility map, identifying areas of high, moderate, and minimal risk, thereby facilitating flood risk planning and management. The results show a significant correlation between high susceptibility zones and historically recorded flood events, confirming the validity of the adopted methodology. This work provides a valuable tool for local decision-makers and water resource managers, assisting in the implementation of flood prevention and management measures, and optimizing land use planning in the El Malabiod basin.

PL

Celem tego badania jest ocena podatności na powodzie w zlewni El Malabiod w Algierii, przy użyciu połączonego podejścia analizy morfometrycznej, mapowania użytkowania gruntów/pokrycia terenu, mapowania tekstury gleby i metody Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Analiza morfometryczna pozwoliła na ilościowe określenie cech geomorfologicznych dorzecza, takich jak nachylenie, gęstość drenażu i rzeźba terenu, które wpływają na zachowanie hydrologiczne dorzecza. Jednocześnie zintegrowano mapy użytkowania gruntów/pokrycia terenu i tekstury gleby, aby zapewnić kompleksowy obraz czynników powierzchniowych wpływających na podatność na powodzie. Kryteria te zostały zsyntetyzowane na mapie podatności na powodzie, identyfikując obszary wysokiego, umiarkowanego i minimalnego ryzyka, ułatwiając w ten sposób planowanie i zarządzanie ryzykiem powodzi. Wyniki pokazują istotną korelację między strefami wysokiej podatności a historycznie odnotowanymi zdarzeniami powodziowymi, potwierdzając słuszność przyjętej metodologii. Ta praca stanowi cenne narzędzie dla lokalnych decydentów i zarządców zasobów wodnych, pomagając we wdrażaniu środków zapobiegania powodziom i zarządzania nimi oraz optymalizując planowanie użytkowania gruntów w dorzeczu El Malabiod.

3

Simulating land use changes and environmental implications of transportation development in Barru Regency using cellular automata

Ali Mukti, Basri Yuni Andiyani, Haerani

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 4

1--12

EN

The expansion of transportation infrastructure often induces significant changes in land use patterns within adjacent areas, accompanied by ecological impacts on natural landscapes and environmental sustainability. This study aims to project anticipated land use changes surrounding the construction zone of the Takkalasi-Bainange-Lawo road in Barru Regency, Indonesia, using the cellular automata (CA) approach integrated with geographic information systems (GIS). The simulation results reveal substantial land use transformations over the next two decades, including the conversion of six land use categories such as rice fields, mixed gardens, upland fields, and residential and industrial zones. Projections indicate a reduction in agricultural land, particularly rice fields, which also support local ecosystems, by approximately 6.2 hectares from 2023 to 2043, driven by increasing demands for residential and industrial development. Conversely, industrial zones are expected to expand significantly, with land converted from other categories such as rice fields and mixed gardens, potentially affecting biodiversity and ecological balance. This study provides critical insights for sustainable land use planning by addressing environmental impacts and the requirements of transportation infrastructure development.

4

Enhancing flash flood risk prediction: A case study from the Assaka watershed, Guelmim region, Southwestern Morocco

Talha Soukaina, Akhssas Ahmed, Aarab Abdellatif, Aabi Ayoub, Berkat Badr

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 1

8--28

EN

Since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, significant climatic shifts have led to various environmental imbalances globally, notably increasing the frequency of flash floods, especially in vulnerable regions like the Assaka watershed in southwestern Morocco. This study aims to enhance flash flood risk prediction by integrating Machine Learning (ML) algorithms with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm was employed to analyze over eight million data points, using fourteen predictors categorized into topographic (e.g., Altitude, Slope, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI)), climatic (e.g., Land Surface Temperature (LST), Soil Moisture Index (SMI)), and geological factors (e.g., Drainage Density, Soil Type, Lithology). These variables were derived from remotely sensed data and geospatial analyses. The RF model classified the Assaka watershed into five flood susceptibility levels: lowest, low, medium, high, and highest. The results indicated that the most vulnerable areas are near the watershed outlet and the main tributaries, Essayed and Oum Laachar Wadis. These regions are characterized by high land surface temperatures, low drainage density, poor soil moisture, and specific geological conditions, all of which contribute to heightened flood risk. The model's performance was evaluated using multiple metrics, achieving Precision (0.968), Recall (0.967), Accuracy (0.967), F1 Score (0.965), Kappa Statistic (0.839), and an AUC of 1.0, highlighting its robustness and predictive capabilities. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive integration of ML with GIS to develop a highly reliable flood susceptibility map for the Assaka watershed. This framework addresses existing gaps in flood risk assessment, offering a significant advancement over traditional methods through its use of advanced data-driven modeling techniques. The findings provide essential insights for prioritizing conservation and flood management strategies, contributing to better preparedness against flash floods in the Guelmim region and potentially other similar environments globally.

5

Recykling architektoniczny obiektów przeznaczonych na potrzeby tymczasowego zbiorowego zakwaterowania uchodźców z Ukrainy w Polsce

Wierzbicka Agnieszka

Builder

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2025

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R.29, nr 4

12--19

PL

Skala zjawiska wymuszonej migracji uchodźców z Ukrainy do Polski miała charakter bezprecedensowy i wiązała się z koniecznością natychmiastowego zorganizowania systemu ośrodków zamieszkiwania zbiorowego, w których uchodźcy otrzymają krótkoterminowe (do 3 miesięcy) schronienie, który oparto na miastach wojewódzkich. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena, czy i w jakim zakresie organizacja tej infrastruktury skutkowała architektonicznym recyklingiem dedykowanych budynków. Przeprowadzone badania oparte na analizie wielokryterialnej ponad 80 obiektów z wykorzystaniem narzędzi GIS wykazały, że zastosowanie recyklingu architektonicznego może stanowić skuteczne narzędzie do kształtowania tymczasowych zasobów mieszkalnych w zgodzie z zasadami zrównoważonego projektowania nie tylko w zakresie odnawialnego cyklu życia budynków, ale także pod względem ekonomicznym i społecznym.

EN

The phenomenon of forced migration of Ukrainian refugees to Poland was unprecedented and resulted in the immediate organization of a collective housing system offering up to 3 months of shelter for people in immediate need in main voivodeship cities. The aim of this article is to assess whether and to what extent the organization of this infrastructure resulted in the architectural recycling of dedicated buildings. The research carried out based on a multi-criteria analysis of over 80 buildings using GIS showed that the use of architectural recycling can be an effective tool for shaping temporary housing resources in accordance with the principles of sustainable design not only in terms of the renewable life cycle of buildings but also in economic and social terms.

6

Assessing the Impact of Urban Development on Soil Health and Nutrient Cycling Across Urban Areas

Zandybay Amanbek, Saspugayeva Gulnur, Khussainov Mansur, Karelkhan Nursaule, Kydyrova Aidana, Adylbek Zhanar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

106-123

EN

Urbanization, a hallmark of the 21st century, has significantly altered land use and environmental systems worldwide. This study aimed to bridge a critical research gap by investigating the effects of urbanization on soil properties, using Astana, Kazakhstan, as a case study to reflect broader urban soil trends. The objective was to assess soil texture, humus content, pH, and soluble salts across various land use categories, including residential, commercial, industrial, and forested areas, which served as control/reference sites. Soil samples were analyzed for nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, humus, pH, and soluble salts such as calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate. Comparative analyses revealed notable variations in bulk density across land use categories. Residential areas exhibited lower bulk densities (topsoil: 1.24–1.32 g/cm3; subsoil: 1.41– 1.54 g/cm3), indicating lesser compaction. Conversely, commercial zones showed increased bulk densities (topsoil: 1.41–1.55 g/cm3; subsoil: 1.52–1.65 g/cm3), reflective of foot traffic and impermeable surfaces. Industrial zones recorded the highest bulk densities (topsoil: 1.55–1.62 g/cm3; subsoil: 1.63–1.76 g/cm3), largely attributed to heavy machinery and construction activities. Agricultural lands demonstrated moderate bulk densities (topsoil: 1.30–1.42 g/cm3; subsoil: 1.52–1.66 g/cm3), influenced by tillage practices, while forested areas had the lowest bulk densities (topsoil: 1.20–1.30 g/cm3; subsoil: 1.34–1.45 g/cm3), indicating minimal disturbance and higher organic content. Nutrient assessments indicated that nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus levels were generally moderate, with agricultural areas exhibited significantly higher phosphorus concentrations due to fertilizer application. Additionally, heavy metal concentrations, particularly lead and chromium, were found to be elevated in industrial zones, highlighting potential contamination risks. The study concluded that urban soils display diverse nutrient levels and physical properties, with forested areas providing a baseline for comparison. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive soil evaluations in urban planning to address the specific conditions of different land use types. Implementing tailored management practices can enhance soil health and foster sustainable urban development on a larger scale.

7

Algorithmic image analysis ‒ building detection in aerial photos

Budkowski Szczepan, Basak Agata

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

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no. 4

171--188

EN

The article presents the results of research comparing edge detection methods in digital images and verifying their usefulness in the context of the automatic vectorization process. As part of the experiment, well-known edge detection algorithms based on the analysis of derivatives of image quality functions (Sobel, Canny, Kirch) were implemented. The research problems of the article in the case of building detection basically boil down to the identification of homogeneous areas, the detection of edges or points in a digital image. The original program developed in the Matlab environment made it possible to obtain a description of the edges and their approximation with straight lines, as well as to analyze the quality of the obtained results. In addition, the validity of using neural networks was also analyzed in this context. The neural networks used an algorithm obtained from the GitHub hosting website and implemented as a plug-in for QGIS 3.26. Another attempt at algorithmic image analysis was based on the use of the GAN technique, i.e. the use of a generative network architecture that acts as an algorithm using the potential of two mutually opposed networks whose task is to generate a synthetic result. Under this assumption, one network is the so-called data generator and the other is the discriminator, critically assessing the generating network for authenticity. For each algorithm, the accuracy of vectorization of the detected edges was calculated. The most promising in this respect was an artificial intelligence algorithm using the technique of generative adversarial networks.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań porównujących metody detekcji krawędzi w obrazach cyfrowych i weryfikujących ich przydatność w kontekście procesu automatycznej wektoryzacji. W ramach eksperymentu zaimplementowano znane algorytmy detekcji krawędzi oparte na analizie pochodnych funkcji jakości obrazu (Sobel, Canny, Kirch). Problemy badawcze artykułu w przypadku detekcji budynków sprowadzają się zasadniczo do identyfikacji obszarów jednorodnych, detekcji krawędzi lub punktów w obrazie cyfrowym. Oryginalny program opracowany w środowisku Matlab umożliwił uzyskanie opisu krawędzi i ich aproksymację liniami prostymi, a także analizę jakości uzyskanych wyników. Ponadto w tym kontekście przeanalizowano również zasadność wykorzystania sieci neuronowych. Sieci neuronowe wykorzystały algorytm pobrany ze strony hostingowej GitHub i zaimplementowany jako wtyczka do QGIS 3.26. Kolejna próba algorytmicznej analizy obrazu oparta została na wykorzystaniu techniki GAN, czyli wykorzystaniu generatywnej architektury sieciowej, która działa jako algorytm wykorzystujący potencjał dwóch wzajemnie przeciwstawnych sieci, których zadaniem jest wygenerowanie syntetycznego wyniku. Przy tym założeniu jedna sieć jest tzw. generatorem danych, a druga dyskryminatorem, krytycznie oceniającym sieć generującą pod kątem autentyczności. Dla każdego algorytmu obliczano dokładność wektoryzacji wykrytych krawędzi. Najbardziej obiecujący pod tym względem okazał się algorytm sztucznej inteligencji wykorzystujący technikę generatywnych sieci adwersaryjnych.

8

Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater in Ludhiana and Amritsar Districts of Punjab and Identification of Fluoride Hotspots using GIS

Khusulio Kaikho, Sharma Neeta Raj, Kumar Rohan, Das Iswar Chandra, Setia Raj

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 5

41--73

EN

High fluoride concentrations in soil, water, or air can pose serious environmental and health risks to plants, and animals. Along with other hydrochemical parameters, this study investigates fluoride concentrations in the groundwater in the Ludhiana and Amritsar districts of Punjab, India. A total of 222 water samples were uniformly collected at approximately five-kilometer intervals for hydrochemical analyses. Statistical methods such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and correlation matrices were used to assess the fluoride distribution and its relationships with other parameters. According to WHO guidelines, most fluoride concentrations were below 0.6 ppm in Ludhiana (84.30%) and Amritsar (77.23%). Fluoride levels that were within the permissible range (0.6–1.5 ppm) were found in 15.70% of Ludhiana’s samples and 21.78% of Amritsar’s samples; only 1% of Amritsar’s samples exceeded the permissible limit (>1.5 ppm). The water quality index (WQI) analysis indicated that 0.83% of the groundwater samples from the Ludhiana district and 4.95% from the Amritsar district were unfit for consumption. This study demonstrates the importance of standardized sample collection and the use of GIS technology for comprehensive hydrochemical assessments, raising awareness and reducing health risks.

9

Flood-susceptibility Analysis of Kolhapur City Using Frequency Ratio Model

Powar Sudhir K., Panhalkar Sachin S.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 6

23--45

EN

Flooding is an inevitable but natural process that happens over the period of time; it not only endangers people’s health, wealth, and assets, but it has also a negative impact on a country’s economy. Hence, effective flood management is required in order to minimize the influence of flooding on human lives and livelihoods. The aim of this research is to use a frequency ratio model (FRM) to identify flood-susceptibility areas in the city of Kolhapur. The research was conducted in two parts. Initially, field-survey data was used to create a flood-inventory map. There were 255 flood locations identified throughout the research region; of these, 178 locations (70%) were used for training data, and 77 (30%) were used for verification purposes. The spatial database was then used; from this, ten flood contributing parameters were generated: slope, elevation, rainfall, distance from a river, a stream power index (SPI), a topographical wetness index (TWI), a topographical roughness index (TRI), a plan curvature and profile curvature, and land use/land cover. Finally, an FR model database was created for flood-susceptible mapping. The prepared database was separated into four flood-susceptibility zones: low susceptibility, medium susceptibility, high susceptibility, and very high susceptibility. About 26.08% of the land was classified as ‘very high susceptibility,’ while 21.18% was classified as ‘high susceptibility.’ The final flood-susceptibility map was verified by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results indicated that the method that was used in this study provided accurate results (with a success rate of 87%); this indicated an acceptable result for our flood-susceptibility zonation. Local administrations, researchers, and planners will benefit greatly from this flood-susceptibility analysis in developing flood-prevention plans.

10

Spatial Analysis of Environmental Factors for Modeling Plant Hopper Potential Risk Prediction

Minh Vo Quang, Quang Truong Chi, Hieu Pham Thi Minh

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 11

110--117

EN

Agricultural insect pests reduce crop productivity, causing a gap between global food demand and production. Early detection and early response can improve pest control efficiency. The study aimed to investigate the spatial correlations between brown plant hopper (BPH) occurrence and affected factors using field data collection in Can Tho City, Vietnam. The data on cultivation practices and meteorological conditions at 120 weekly monitoring sites at Can Tho city during the rice cropping season of 2016–2017 were collected to find the correlation between the occurrence frequency and density of BPH. Besides, GIS and spatial interpolation were applied to assess the current status of harmful situations, predict the impact trends of crop pests or diseases in space and time to serve a community’s needs, as well as forecast plant protection. As a result, in the 2nd rice cropping stage, the population of brown planthoppers was found to be highly significantly influenced by the following factors: (1) planthopper age, (2) natural enemy density, (3) air temperature, (4) field water level, and (5) number of leaves, which is highly positively correlated with brown hopper density. There is a lower correlation between leaf color code (6) and air humidity (7) and a negative correlation between pesticides used (8). The variables of rice leaf color code (6) and air humidity (7) correlate with the BPH population, although the field water level (4) and leaf count (5) do not correlate for the whole crop. It can be used to predict the changing trend of BPH in rice fields. However, the factors influencing the brown planthopper would determine the accuracy of the prognosis.

11

Developing Beach Litter Monitoring System Based on Reflectance Characteristics and its Abundance

Antara I Made Oka Guna, Nuarsa I Wayan, Sudarma I Made, Hendrawan I Gede, Cordova Muhammad Reza

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 5

61--78

EN

Marine litter is a major global problem; it originates on land and enters the ocean via rivers, coastal erosion, and extreme events. Over time, marine litter collects in coastal areas. As a result, the research on litter dispersal and buildup is critical for successful coastal area management. Addressing the knowledge gap is critical for establishing successful solutions to fight that problem. In recent years, a variety of remote sensing techniques have been used to better understand litter abundance, distribution patterns, and dynamics in marine as well as coastal ecosystems. Marine litter detection and quantification are carried out using aircraft-based imaging systems, satellite images, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The purpose of this study was to create a beach litter monitoring system or technical reference using a small UAV and geographic information system (GIS), with the test location at Batu Belig Beach, Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The box-plot approach was used to determine the reflectance threshold on the orthophoto. GIS is used to determine the regions with and without litter based on the set threshold values. To verify the model, Slovin’s Formula was used to collect the sample, with a confusion matrix indicating an accuracy of 80%. This monitoring system provides a simple approach for identifying and measuring litter, even with only one person handling the entire operation. The outcomes of this analysis indicated that the majority of litter at the study location was made up of white plastic bags and styrofoam. As a last step, portraying litter abundance as a percentage per square meter was considered.

12

Combination of Geographic Information Systems and Multicriteria Analysis for Waste Landfill Site Selection – A Case Study of Kenitra Province, Morocco

Titafi Asmae, Naoui Basma, Khaddari Achraf, Bejjaji Zohra, Tayebi Mohamed, Latifa Ben Akka, El Idrissi Soukaina

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 12

55--69

EN

In the last decade, Morocco has experienced increased population, urban expansion, and improper environmental management, leading to a significant rise in waste production. This situation has exacerbated waste landfill issues, particularly in coastal areas such as Kenitra province, in the north-western part of Morocco. In this region, landfills have been responsible for the degradation and pollution of air, soil, and water resources. Therefore, identifying suitable sites for waste landfills is essential for achieving sustainable environmental management in the study area. The objective of this study was to provide, for the first time, a map of suitable waste landfill sites in Kenitra province. To achieve this objective, a database consisting of nine parameters was collected from environmental and socio-economic sources. The data was gathered and spatialized using various techniques. Subsequently, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) were employed to generate the final map of suitable waste landfill sites. The results indicate that the study area can be classified into four categories: 78% of the area is not suitable for landfill development, while areas classified as less suitable, moderately suitable, and highly suitable constitute 1%, 17%, and 4% of the surface, respectively. On the basis of these findings, three potential landfill locations that meet stringent environmental, social, and technical criteria have been proposed. This work represents the first attempt at improving landfill management in Kenitra province. The combination of AHP and GIS techniques offers a novel approach to landfill site selection. However, additional studies could be conducted, taking into account the results of this study, other parameters, and new data that may become available in the future. The map of suitable landfill sites provides a scientific foundation and could aid in developing the management strategies to mitigate pollution and guide territorial planning in the study area.

13

Risk assessment for underground utility damage due to spatial data quality

Ślusarski Marek, Przewięźlikowska Anna

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 4

135--148

EN

Spatial data are used in a variety of projects. Their quality directly contributes to the project’s success. One of the risk sources for underground utility damage in construction works is the quality of spatial data. The article presents the results of research on a method for estimating underground utility damage risk. It consists in calculating the risk (both qualitative and quantitative risk) from specific risk factors and impact weights. The primary risk factors are incomplete spatial datasets and horizontal and vertical position accuracy of objects in the database. The calculated risk value is within 7.0 to 34.2 points. This means that the minimum risk of damage to underground utilities during construction works is 7.0 points and the maximum risk of 34.2 points is nearly five times higher. We also developed a risk map of underground utility damage. It is a thematic map with qualitative project risk. The proposed map is a 2D and 3D cartographic document that represents the actual risk of damage to underground utilities due to spatial data quality.

PL

Ryzyko uszkodzenia podziemnych rur i kabli jest nieodłącznym elementem procesu budowlanego, a jednym z jego źródeł jest jakość danych przestrzennych. Istnieją trzy główne przyczyny uszkadzania podziemnych rur kabli, których źródłem jest jakość zbioru danych przestrzennych. Pierwsza przyczyna wynika z obecności na obszarze inwestycji podziemnego uzbrojenia terenu, które nie istnieje w bazie danych przestrzennych. Takie źródło ryzyka jest zdefiniowane jako brak kompletności zbiorów danych przestrzennych. Druga i trzecia przyczyna ryzyka dotyczy odpowiednio dokładności położenia poziomego i pionowego rur oraz kabli gromadzonych w przestrzennych bazach danych. Punktowa analiza ryzyka bazuje na wiedzy i doświadczeniu ekspertów, które bezpośrednio wpływają na wynik oceny. Metoda ta pozwala dobrze oszacować poziom ryzyka projektowego przy realizacji małych inwestycji (obszar działki ewidencyjnej). Ocena ryzyka projektowego dla dużych inwestycji (liniowych i kubaturowych) wymaga zastosowania rozwiązania bazującego na zdefiniowanych czynnikach ryzyka i określonych wagach oddziaływania. Takie postępowania zapewnia rzetelne szacownie poziomu ryzyka ilościowego i jakościowego. Obliczona wartość ryzyka należy do przedziału od 7,0 do 34,2 punktów. Oznacza to, że minimalne ryzyko uszkodzenia podziemnych rur i kabli podczas wykonywania prac budowlach wynosi 7,0 punktu, a ryzyko maksymalne jest prawie pięciokrotnie większe: 34,2 punktów. Dobrym narzędziem oceny potencjalnego ryzyka jakościowego jest wielkoskalowa mapa ryzyka. Wykonana przez autorów pracy mapa jest dwu- i trzywymiarowym (2D i 3D) opracowaniem kartograficznym, które prezentuje rzeczywiste ryzyko uszkodzenia sieci podziemnego uzbrojenia terenu, spowodowanego jakością danych przestrzennych.

14

Assessment of the residential space of a pre-industrial city. The example of Wrocław/Breslau in the 16th and 18th centuries

Legut-Pintal Maria, Grosel Mikołaj

Architectus

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2024

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Nr 1 (77)

73--81

EN

Social inequalities in cities had their spatial dimension already in pre-industrial times. The quality of living space in a historic city was influenced by various factors, such as distance from the city centre, proximity to infrastructure, access to water, trade routes, markets, as well as unfavourable or oppressive neighbourhoods. The value of the properties depended on their function, the structural condition of the buildings, the size of the structures and the plots. In this paper, we proposed a method to evaluate and valorise the residential space of a pre-industrial city based on an assessment of its use value. We carried out an exemplary analysis on the example of Wrocław, a medium-sized city in Central Europe. We used historical, archaeological, iconographic data and geospatial analyses developed in a geographic information system environment. We carried out the evaluation within individual factors for a city divided into building blocks for two periods – around 1550 and around 1750. By comparing the results for these two periods, we attempted to trace the changes that occurred as a result of the city’s development and historical events. The overall picture allowed us to create a characterisation of residential space across the city. We verified the method by comparing the results obtained with data from tax records. The result obtained is consistent with knowledge of the spatial distribution of wealth in the city, indicating that the model can be applied to the analysis of other cities where tax records have not been preserved.

PL

Nierówności społeczne w miastach miały swój przestrzenny wymiar już w czasach przedindustrialnych. Na jakość przestrzeni mieszkalnej w mieście historycznym wpływały różne czynniki, takie jak odległość od centrum miasta, bliskość infrastruktury, dostęp do wody, szlaków handlowych, targowisk, a także niekorzystne lub uciążliwe sąsiedztwo. Wartość nieruchomości zależała od ich funkcji, stanu konstrukcyjnego budynków, wielkości budowli i działek. W artykule zaproponowaliśmy metodę oceny i waloryzacji przestrzeni mieszkalnej miasta przedindustrialnego opartą na ocenie jej wartości użytkowej. Przeprowadziliśmy analizę na przykładzie Wrocławia, średniej wielkości miasta w Europie Środkowej. Wykorzystaliśmy dane historyczne, archeologiczne, ikonograficzne i analizy geoprzestrzenne opracowane w środowisku systemu informacji geograficznej. Ocenę w ramach poszczególnych czynników przeprowadziliśmy dla podziału na kwartały dla dwóch okresów – około 1550 roku i około 1750 roku. Porównując wyniki dla tych dwóch okresów, podjęliśmy próbę prześledzenia zmian, jakie zaszły w wyniku rozwoju miasta i wydarzeń historycznych. Ogólny obraz pozwolił nam stworzyć charakterystykę przestrzeni mieszkalnej w całym mieście. Metodę zweryfikowaliśmy, porównując otrzymane wyniki z danymi z ewidencji podatkowych. Uzyskany wynik jest zgodny z wiedzą dotyczącą przestrzennego rozkładu bogactwa w mieście, co wskazuje, że model może być zastosowany do analizy innych miast, w których nie zachowała się dokumentacja podatkowa.

15

Implementacja oprogramowania geoinformacyjnego QGIS do tworzenia analiz przestrzennych

Furmanek Aleksander Filip

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2023

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Z. 12

47--59

PL

Niezwykły rozwój technologiczny współczesnego świata ma różne oblicza. Niewątpliwie jednym z ważniejszych z nich jest szeroko rozumiana informatyka. Jej różnorakie zastosowania od kilku dziesięcioleci są stopniowo coraz bardziej obecne w praktyce architektonicznej i urbanistycznej. W obszarze środowiska zbudowanego, równolegle z popularnymi platformami CAD i BIM, rozwijane są także inne projekty, m.in. aplikacje związane z systemem informacji geograficznej (GIS). Jednym z nich jest QGIS. Czy może być on przydatny w procesie tworzenia sztuki, np. architektury i urbanistyki? Obecnie program ten dynamicznie jest rozwijany i oferuje rozliczne narzędzia mogące mieć zastosowanie w planowaniu przestrzennym, zarządzaniu przestrzenią, w pracy geografów, przyrodników, a być może także urbanistów i architektów.

EN

The remarkable technological development of the modern world has many faces. Undoubtedly, one of the more important ones is broadly understood computer science. Its various applications have been increasingly present in architectural and town planning practice for several decades. In the area of the built environment, other projects are being developed in parallel with popular CAD and BIM platforms, including geographic information system (GIS) related applications. One of them is QGIS. Can it be helpful in the process of creating art, e.g. architecture and urban planning? Currently, this program is dynamically developed and offers numerous tools that can be used in spatial planning, spatial management, in the work of geographers, naturalists, and perhaps also urban planners, landscape architects, or ordinary architects.

16

Urban Heat Island Index Change Detection Based on Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index: A Case Study

Mas'uddin, Karlinasari Lina, Pertiwi Setyo, Erizal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

91--107

EN

Climate change is a matter of considerable global importance, as evidenced by the increased urban surface temperatures in developed and undeveloped areas. Hence, this study aims to analyze the threshold and index of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon within the urban region of Bima City, located in Indonesia. The study was undertaken by utilizing sequential data from 2016, 2019, and 2022 obtained from the Google Earth Engine portal. The analysis focused on the assessment of UHI by examining land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Algorithms that operate on a single channel are employed to compute the land surface temperature. The findings indicate that the LST peaked in 2016 at 32.54 which rose to 35.08 in 2019 and increased to 39.18 in 2022. This implies a progressive rise in the LST of Bima City as time progresses. Moreover, it was observed that LST exhibited a positive correlation with the NDBI while displaying a negative correlation with the NDVI. The urban heat island phenomenon has been observed to possess the capacity to elevate ambient air temperatures in urban regions by as much as 3 when compared to suburban areas. In addition to considering both developed and undeveloped regions, it is important to acknowledge the observed changes in the UHI threshold in Bima City. Specifically, the UHI threshold has exhibited an upward trend, rising from 26.73 in 2016 to 29.57 in 2019 and 31.21 in 2022.

17

Assessment of Soil Degradation Based on Soil Properties and Spatial Analysis in Dryland Farming

Kartini Ni Luh, Saifulloh Moh, Trigunasih Ni Made, Narka I. Wayan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

368--375

EN

Dryland farming, managed intensively, with the input of chemical fertilizers exceeding the dose threshold, can cause soil degradation. Degraded soil affects low environmental carrying capacity and soil and water conservation. Researchers conduct soil tests on agricultural land to address this issue, especially those that apply a continuous cropping system. This study aimed to examine soil properties to determine the conditions of soil degradation in dryland farming. The method integrates spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), field surveys, and laboratory soil samples analysis. The spatial data used to map the potential for soil degradation includes land use, slope, rainfall, and soil type. Integrating spatial and laboratory data, such as soil physical, chemical, and biological properties results in soil degradation status conditions representing the actual conditions in the field. This study found that there were three classes of soil degradation successively, namely mild, moderate, and high. There are two statuses of soil degradation, including non-degraded and light soil degradation status. The soils with a mild degree of degradation are due to the limiting factors of permeability, fractional composition, and total porosity. Some actions that can be taken include planning soil degradation prevention measures by utilizing soil degradation potential maps that have been made for areas with high soil degradation potential. For the sites with a status of soil degradation, efforts are made to start carrying out soil improvement actions in accordance with conservation principles to reduce the soil degradation that occurs. Moreover, organic matter is added to degraded and potentially degraded soils to increase the stability of soil aggregates and water-carrying capacity.

18

Dane a informacje w BIM

Borkowski Andrzej Szymon

Izolacje

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2023

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T. 28, nr 7/8

130--133

PL

Proces inwestycyjno-budowlany w Polsce przechodzi głęboką cyfryzację. W wielu fazach i na różnych etapach tego procesu wykorzystuje się BIM. W przestrzeni naukowej i biznesowej często mówi się o „modelu informacyjnym budynku”. Słyszy się frazy typu „potoki danych”, „faszerowanie informacją”, „strukturyzowane dane”, „otwarte standardy wymiany danych” itd. W wielu przypadkach pojęcia „dane” i „informacje” stosuje się zamiennie, nie zastanawiając się nad ich znaczeniem w kontekście BIM. Przez to są mylone i czasami prowadzą do błędów poznawczych czy problemów w komunikacji. Niezależnie od roli (projektant, inwestor, producent) znajomość obu pojęć i związanych z nimi standardów jest niezbędna tam, gdzie w procesach pojawia się BIM. W artykule dokonano głębokiego przeglądu literatury pod kątem stosowania i znaczenia obu pojęć. Przedstawiono je w konkretnym studium przypadku w celu lepszego zrozumienia ich definicji. W artykule podkreślono też znaczenie norm i standardów, które wyraźnie wskazują jak pracować z danymi i informacjami w BIM.

EN

The investment and construction process in Poland is undergoing a profound digitalisation. BIM is being used in many phases and at various stages of this process. In both the academic and business spheres, the term ‘building information model’ is often used. We can hear the phrases ‘data pipelines’, ‘information stuffing’, ‘structured data’, ‘open data exchange standards’, etc. In many cases, the terms ‘data’ and ‘information’ are used interchangeably without considering their meaning in the context of BIM. This confusion sometimes leads to cognitive errors or communication problems. Regardless of the role of the individuals involved in processes where BIM is used (be it designer, developer, or manufacturer), clear understanding of both concepts and the associated standards is essential. In this article, an in-depth review of the literature regarding the application and significance of both terms is carried out. They are presented in a specific case study to enhance the understanding of their definitions. The importance of norms and standards is also emphasized, as they provide clear guidance on how to work with data and information in the context of BIM.

19

Geospatial Study on Forest Fire Disasters – A GIS Approach

Rao Gudikandhula Narasimha, Rao Peddada Jagadeeswara, Duvvuru Rajesh, Beulah Kondapalli, Rathnala Prasanthi, Lydia E. Laxmi, Balakrishna Bangaru, Motru Vijaya Raju

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

302--311

EN

The science and technology is reaching to greater heights in recent decades, that the scientists are also not antici-pated that it would change the facet of human life. However, disasters are challenging scientific community and its intensity and numbers of events are increasing in recent years. Disasters are classified into two types, i.e., natural and man-made. Ancient human beings were used fire to cook their food. Once they were habituated to eat cooked food, their digestive system started working properly which resulted in wise thinking. One of the most risky fiascos is fire. Notwithstanding its immediate risk on living souls’, fire consumes woods. Trees that are giving oxygen to people, in this way, trees are viewed as lungs for solid life. Consistently, huge number of rapidly spreading fires happening all around the world they consume forested lands, causing unfriendly environmental and social effects. Early admonition and prompt reactions are the main available resources to battle such kind of calamities. This exploration work centers guileless techniques which are utilized to recognize forest fire susceptibility index (FFSI) and fire examination in Greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation.

20

Evaluation the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Indices SAVI and MSAVI for Bristol City, United Kingdom Using Landsat 8-OLI Through Geospatial Technology

Kareem Hayder H., Attaee Muammar H., Omran Zainab Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

89--97

EN

Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time; moreover, it has nonlinear effects on a wide variety of environmental systems. Understanding the multiple hydrological processes, developing more accurate models of those processes, and applying those models to conservation planning all benefit greatly from a better characterization of temporal and geographic variability in soil moisture. Vegetation indices (VIs) are used to assess vegetative coverings objectively and subjectively through spectral observations. The spectral responses of vegetated areas are influenced by many factors, including vegetation and soil brightness, environmental influences, soil color, and moisture. This research looked into the soil adjusted indices SAVI and MSAVI for the city of Bristol in the United Kingdom and assessed them. The Landsat 8 OLI of the research area was downloaded, whereas Bands 4 and 5 were processed in a geographic information system (GIS) to provide SAVI and MSAVI. The obtained values for the SAVI index are between -0.557 and 0.425, and the obtained values for the MSAVI index are between -1.183 and 0.441. The MSAVI is able to extract a thicker layer of vegetation than the SAVI. Similarly, MSAVI has revealed more non-vegetated locations compared to those extracted by SAVI. Since the MSAVI index provides reliable signals of land cover, it should be used in research applications. Technically, the work presented the GIS functionality of a raster calculator for processing Landsat 8 OLI data, and regionally, it added to the studies of Bristol City.