W artykule przedstawiono wyzwania związane z zarządzaniem zgodnością wyrobów budowlanych w zgodzie z relatywnie nową normą ISO 37301 na przykładzie klasyfikacji reakcji na ogień płyt warstwowych z okładzinami stalowymi produkowanymi według EN 14509. Zaproponowano sposób kontroli zmian oparty na powołaniu zespołu do spraw zgodności w obrębie struktur producenta materiałów budowlanych.
EN
The challenges of managing compliance for construction products in accordance with the relatively new ISO 37301 standard are presented, using the classification of the reaction to fire of sandwich panels with steel facings manufactured under EN 14509 as an example. A change control approach is proposed, based on the establishment of a compliance team within the structure of the building materials manufacturer.
Corrosion, particularly in marine and offshore environments, often leads to material loss and surface irregularities that compromise structural integrity. Traditional non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic thickness measurements, are limited in regard to detecting widespread or irregular corrosion damage. This study explores the use of vibration-based analysis to assess the effects of corrosion by examining changes in the dynamic behaviour—specifically, the natural frequencies—of steel plates. Numerical simulations are conducted using Abaqus that include random surface irregularities, modelled with Gaussian random fields, to represent generalised corrosion. Experimental validation involves steel plates subjected to accelerated electrochemical corrosion, with degradation assessed based on mass loss and ultrasonic thickness measurements. Changes in modal parameters due to progressive corrosion are recorded using impact hammer excitation and accelerometers. The results show a clear relationship between corrosioninduced thickness reduction and shifts in modal characteristics. The findings demonstrate that modal analysis offers a viable, non-invasive method for detecting and evaluating global corrosion damage in large-scale steel structures.
The article presents results of experimental research performed on concrete beams under bending, manufactured using additive 3D printing method. The aim of the research was to determine the nominal flexural strength affected by varying: layer orientation, geometry of a single layer and beam size. The results showed that the strength of beams with layers perpendicular to the load direction is several times higher than those with parallel layers, and significantly lower when the beam dimensions increase.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzonych na belkach betonowych, wytworzonych przyrostową metodą druku 3D. Celem badań było określenie wytrzymałości nominalnej na zginanie, będącej pod wpływem zmiennych: układu warstw; geometrii pojedynczej warstwy oraz wielkości belki. Wyniki badań wykazały, że nośność belek z warstwami prostopadłymi do kierunku obciążenia jest wielokrotnie większa niż z warstwami równoległymi oraz znacznie mniejsza, gdy wymiary belki wzrastają.
Sektor morskiej energetyki wiatrowej w Polsce rozwija się dynamicznie, stając się jednym z filarów transformacji energetycznej. Rok 2025 to początek realizacji strategicznych inwestycji na Bałtyku, które nie tylko zwiększą udział OZE w krajowym miksie energetycznym, lecz także znacząco wpłyną na bezpieczeństwo energetyczne państwa. Sektor off-shore potrzebuje jednak wysoko wykwalifikowanej kadry - odpowiedzią na to wyzwanie jest projekt DigiWind, oferujący nowoczesne, modułowe studia z zakresu technologii cyfrowych.
Most of the intrusion detection methods in computer networks are based on traffic flow characteristics. However, this approach may not fully exploit the potential of deep learning algorithms to directly extract features and patterns from raw packets. Moreover, it impedes real-time monitoring due to the necessity of waiting for the processing pipeline to complete and introduces dependencies on additional software components. In this paper, we investigate deep learning methodologies capable of detecting attacks in real-time directly from raw packet data within network traffic. Our investigation utilizes the CICIDS-2017 dataset, which includes both benign traffic and prevalent real-world attacks, providing a comprehensive foundation for our research.
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Fast access to expert knowledge is very valuable, especially in the context of decision-making. Fishermen can use this knowledge to diagnose hydrological and hydrochemical conditions in which fish stocks should be the most abundant. In response to this need, a digital service has been developed. It is a service created within the FindFISH project, which provides the results of all developed models: hydrodynamic, biochemical, and Fish – for selected commercially caught fish species (herring, sprats, cod, and flounder). Our research revealed that the FindFISH service can enhance fishing efficiency and quality by approximately 40%, significantly increasing expected profits. In practical applications, we observed a 50% to 70% concordance between the fishing grounds recorded by fishermen and those identified by the FindFISH Platform. The website runs dynamically in operational mode, allowing visualization of forecasts in the form of maps, time series, spatial data, and tables.
The FindFISH Knowledge Transfer Platform represents a response to the primary issue diagnosed within the fisheries sector, namely the diminishing profitability of fishing endeavors. Additional challenges include escalating operational costs borne by fishermen, the necessity for fishermen to embark on longer and more distant voyages in search of fish, the capture of low-value or limited quantities of fish, the tenuous operation at the precipice of profitability due to escalating costs, and the imposition of fishing limits and concomitant difficulties thereof. The construction of the FindFISH Knowledge Transfer Platform through the employment of the Numerical Forecasting System for the Marine Environment of the Gulf of Gdańsk for Fisheries is predicated upon in-situ research, environmental data (physicochemical and hydrometeorological), quantitative and qualitative fishing data, as well as numerical modeling of hydrodynamic, physicochemical, and biological parameters within the Gulf of Gdańsk region. The visualization of data in the form of tables, charts, and maps has been executed and presented via the FindFISH platform, which was established under the auspices of the project. This study presents a comprehensive depiction of the architecture of the system responsible for the dissemination of measurement and model data within the framework of the FindFISH Knowledge Transfer Platform. The principal tenets underpinning the architecture of the implemented system are the utilization of contemporary internet technologies within a complex, multi-module application grounded in solutions freely available under open-source licenses. The system has been realized in the form of several independently operable modules, each provided with distinct sets of requisite functionalities. The system modules are either founded upon existing solutions or have been wholly conceivedand executed by the project team. The entirety of the system is accessible to users via a graphical user interface operative through a web browser (www.findfish.pl).
There is a growing trend in the engineering of biomaterials, focusing on surface modifications of biomaterials to improve their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biological properties. Cold plasma treatment may improve biological properties of biomaterials for biomedical applications by enhancing their integration with host tissue. This study investigated the influence of different cold plasma treatments on the surface properties of a polysaccharides- -based biomaterial to improve cell adhesion to its surface. The samples were subjected to plasma treatment using three different reactors operating at atmospheric pressure: gliding arc discharge (GAD) reactor, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet, and DBD surface reactor. Next, surface chemistry of the biomaterial after plasma treatment was determined by ATR-FTIR analysis. Furthermore, a cell adhesion assay on the samples was carried out using normal human skin fibroblasts (BJ cell line). The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared analysis (ATR- -FTIR) showed that new potential functional groups could be formed on the material surface after plasma treatment. However, plasma treatment of the samples did not enhance cell adhesion to the surface of the polysaccharides-based biomaterial. Thus, the obtained results indicate that plasma treatment using GAD reactor, DBD plasma jet, and DBD surface reactor was not effective for surface modification and cell responses.
The problem of treating chronic wounds is widespread throughout the world and carries a huge cost. Biomaterials engineering tries to solve this problem by creating innovative bioactive dressings dedicated to specific types of wounds. Both synthetic and natural polymers are the main base to produce wound dressings. Biopolymers have the advantage over synthetic polymers by being more biocompatible, non-toxic, biodegradable, and eco-friendly. The aim of this work was to produce a bioactive biomaterial based on natural polymers with potential applications to manage chronic highly exuding and infected wounds. A newly developed method for chemical synthesis of the curdlan/agarose biomaterial at high temperature combined with freeze-drying process resulted in a superabsorbent dressing material with antibiotic immobilized. The obtained biomaterial was subjected to basic microbiological in vitro tests and a cytotoxicity assay according to ISO 10993-5. Moreover, the experimental treatment of the infected wound in a veterinary patient was performed using the developed material. Based on the conducted research, it was proved that the produced dressing is not toxic to normal human skin fibroblasts. An additional advantage of the biomaterial is its ability to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the experimental treatment confirmed the validity of using the produced biomaterial as a dressing dedicated to the treatment of difficult-to-heal infected wounds. To summarize, the produced biomaterial possesses great potential to be used as a wound dressing for infected wounds.
This paper outlines the problem of cybersecurity in OT (operations/operational technology) networks. It provides descriptions of the most common components of these systems, summarizes the threats and compares them with those present in the IT domain. A considerable section of the paper summarizes research conducted over the past decade, focusing on how common the problem is and in which countries it prevails. The article presents techniques most commonly used in the protection of these systems, with many examples from the nuclear industry given.
Since it is known that various cell lines may ex-press different behaviours on the scaffolds surface, a comprehensive analysis using various cellular mo-dels is needed to evaluate the biomedical potential of developed biomaterials under in vitro conditions. Thus, the aim of this work was to fabricate bone scaffolds composed of a chitosan-agarose matrix reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite and compare the biological response of two cell lines, i.e. mouse calvarial preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4) and human foetal osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19). Within this study, the osteoblasts number on the scaffold surface and the osteogenic markers level produced by MC3T3-E1 and hFOB 1.19 cells were determined. Furthermore, changes in calcium and phosphorous ions concentrations in the culture media dedicated for MC3T3-E1 and hFOB 1.19 were estimated after the biomaterial incubation. The obtained results proved that the fabricated biomaterial is characterized by biocompatibility and osteoconductivity since it favours osteoblasts attachment and growth. It also supports the production of osteogenic markers (collagen, bALP, osteocalcin) by MC3T3-E1 and hFOB 1.19 cells. Interestingly, the developed biomaterial exhibits different ion reactivity values in the two culture media dedicated for the mentioned cell lines. It was also revealed that mouse and human osteoblasts differ in the cellular response to the fabricated scaffold. Thus, the use of at least two various cellular models is recommended to carry out a reliable biological characterization of the novel biomaterial. These results demonstrate that the tested bone scaffold is a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration applications, however further biological and physicochemical experiments are essential to fully assess its biomedical potential.
Chitosan is widely used to prepare films, hydro-gels, cryogels, sponges, fibers and other various biomaterials used in the tissue engineering field. It is one of the best processable polysaccharides used in biomedicine. However, its stability is generally lower as compared with others, due to its pH sensitivity and hydrophilic character. Using chitosan in combination with agarose may not only improve chemical and mechanical properties of the resultant material (by the formation of a biocomposite), but also lead to the formation of a gel imitating physical attributes of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, the combination of these two polysaccharides has a promising ability to improve the stability of chitosan and to increase fibroblasts’ affinity to agarose. Characteristic advan-tageous features of these natural polymers raise a wide interest in tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a new method to produce a highly biocompatible foam-like chitosan/agarose wound dressing for skin healing applications. The production process optimization helped to obtain the absorbent foam-like biomaterial which is non-toxic to skin fibroblasts and does not conduce their adhesion. Employing sodium bicarbonate as the main agent in the foaming reaction not only led to obtaining the foam-like structure but also neutralized the acidic pH, making the material non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin. In conclusion, the new foam-like biomaterial has great potential for biomedical applications as the wound dressing accelerating the healing process of the damaged tissues.
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