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Fossil fungi in lignite-bearing deposits: An overview of Miocene lignites from Poland

Worobiec Grzegorz, Worobiec Elżbieta

Geologos

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2026

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Vol. 32

1--13

EN

The present paper summarises results of studies into fungal microremains (non-pollen palynomorphs) encountered during palynological studies of Miocene lignite-bearing deposits in the Adamów-Konin Basin, the Bełchatów Lignite Mine, the Ruja lignite deposit and the lignite seam at Chłapowo. The Adamów-Konin lignite deposits turn out to be the richest site for fossil fungi within Neogene lignite-bearing strata in Poland. Fungal ecological groups (e.g., epiphyllous fungi, rhizosphere fungi and indigenous wetland fungi) and fungal taxa as environmental proxies were examined alongside plant pollen/spores in order to reconstruct ancient peat-forming environments. Fossil fungi are valuable palaeoclimatic indicators seeing that fungi are generally sensitive to environmental conditions. Fungal non-pollen palynomorphs found in lignite-bearing deposits can provide information on ancient wetland hydrology and conditions, vegetation structure and density, temperature and humidity, and even plant-fungal interactions. Coupled with other proxies, fungal remains can complement the palaeoenvironmental picture obtained from classic pollen analysis, creating a detailed picture of Miocene coal-forming environments.

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Pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs as tools for interpreting palaeoenvironmental changes in the Miocene lignite in the Chłapowo Cliff (northern Poland)

Worobiec Elżbieta, Worobiec Grzegorz, Widera Marek

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2025

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Vol. 95, No. 2

161--178

EN

Palynological analysis of samples taken from the lignite, exposed in the Chłapowo Cliff on the southern Baltic coast, allowed the reconstruction of the vegetation and palaeoclimate that predominated during the accumulation of the peat, from which the lignite was formed. In addition to pollen grains and spores, particular attention was given to non-pollen palynomorphs, such as algal, fungal and invertebrate micro-remains (Cladocera) that enabled a more accurate reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment. The lignite belongs to the 2nd Lusatian seam, which is an important correlation level in Central Europe, dated to the latest Early Miocene to the early Middle Miocene. The textural and structural features of the lignite seam indicate that the depositional environment of the peat is loosely combined with the overbank zone of an anastomosing or meandering river system. The results of the palynological study show the presence of wetland vegetation, including shrub bogs (most similar in their composition to modern pocosins, growing between river channels) and riparian forests, growing on periodically flooded areas and mesophilous vegetation, occurring in the vicinity. The composition of the palynoflora, including the thermophilic taxa, such as Sapotaceae and Meliaceae, indicates that the climate was warm, close to subtropical, with a mean annual temperature range of 15.7–17.8 °C.

3

The Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Bathonian) flora of the Tabas Block, central Iran

Maleki Saeed

Geologos

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2024

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Vol. 30, No. 1

33--44

EN

The present study discusses the outcome of palynlogical and palaeobotanocal investigations of Middle Jurassic strata of the Tabas Block. The most commonly identified spore type is a trilete spore, Klukisporites, which accounts for 30 per cent, and the genus Ischyosporites which makes up 12 per cent of the spore collection. Plant fossils recovered from the borehole studied are indicative of a varied assemblage, starting with a diverse range of ferns and followed by Cycadophytes, Ginkgophytes and Coniferophytes. The predominance of the Lowland group in the Tabas Block during the Bajocian–Bathonian, as indicated by the Sporomorph EcoGroup (SEG) and Plant EcoGroup (PEG) models, suggests that the strata studied were laid down mainly in a lowland environment. Dinoflagellate cysts were found in locations that correspond to river and coastal ecogroups, hinting at marine influence.

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Integrated subsurface characterisation of the Röt succession of the Bolesławiec Syncline (SW Poland): stratigraphic and tectonic constraints of the geological record

Durkowski Karol, Mastalerz Krzysztof, Fijalkowska-Mader Anna

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2024

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Vol. 94, No. 1

83--110

EN

This study presents the first comprehensive geological analysis of the Triassic Röt sedimentary succession in the Bolesławiec Syncline (BS), North-Sudetic Synclinorium (NSS), SW Poland, and fills information gaps regarding the local lithology, stratigraphy, extent and organisation of this succession. During Triassic time, the BS was located on the southern periphery of the epicontinental Germanic (Central European) Basin. The mixed siliciclastic-carbonate Röt succession transgressively overlies the continental siliciclastics of the Buntsandstein (Bunter), locally with the occurrence of a stratigraphic gap. The Röt succession displays a complex vertical organisation with basic, about 1-m-scale, fine siliciclastic-carbonate couplets, and larger-scale sequences. The well-log profiles allow identification and provisional subdivision of the succession into several 1D sequences, 10–25 m thick, which can be correlated across the study area. The collected palynological material indicated the latest Olenekian to early Anisian age of the local Röt succession. A surprisingly strong thickness diversification of the succession, as well as its frequent incompleteness, evidenced by both palynology and correlation of well-log profiles, is interpreted in terms of local erosion, non-deposition, synsedimentary tectonic activity, and later tectonic deformation. The authors conclude that synsedimentary tectonics resulted in faulting of the area and was the principal factor responsible for differential subsidence and variable sediment accumulation rates. The lower stratigraphic interval of the Röt succession is defined explicitly by the presence of numerous and diversified small-scale soft-sediment deformational structures. The coincidental occurrence of the first marine deposits in the BS area, together with the intense soft-sediment deformation appear to indicate that the end of Early Triassic transgression was associated with intensified regional seismic/tectonic activity. The Röt sedimentary succession of the BS area also was affected by younger tectonic deformation. The pre-Cenomanian events brought about at least local uplift and limited erosion of the Röt succession. Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene inversion was responsible for the final development of the present-day structure of the NSS.

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Palaeoenvironment of the middle Miocene wetlands at Drzewce, Konin region, central Poland

Worobiec Elżbieta, Widera Marek, Worobiec Grzegorz

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 2

201--218

EN

Palynological analysis of the 1st mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1) of the Drzewce deposit (Konin region, central Poland) was used as the data source for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic interpretations. Lignites of the 1st group developed in the middle Miocene, during and shortly after the last peak of the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, over a large area of Poland, and they are the youngest of the main Neogene lignite seams in Poland. In the Konin region, these lignites have a relatively significant thickness (up to 20 m) and therefore they are (or were in the past) exploited in several open-pit mines. A total of 36 palynological samples from the 6.3-m-thick seam of the Drzewce opencast mine was studied in detail. Palynological analysis of the lignite seam indicates that the area was overgrown by palustrine wetland communities, similar in composition to modern pocosins. The most characteristic elements of them were shrubs in the Ericaceae family. The climate at that time was warm temperate and humid. The estimated mean annual temperature (MAT) for the lignite seam at Drzewce is 15.7–17.8 °C. Comparison with other palynofloras from the MPLS-1 shows that the climate during the formation of the group of seams was more or less homogenous across the entire Polish Lowlands. Sedimentological data and results of palynological studies (including NPPs) at Drzewce indicate that the palaeomires were relatively distant from the channels of the river system in the Konin Basin. The fossil fungal assemblage indicates dense vegetation on damp, swampy soils and the presence of small, shallow-water bodies, with a variable water level or even periodic reservoirs, existing only during the wet season or after floods. In small, flooded depressions, such as the pools in bogs, filamentous green algae occurred. The presence of zygospores of the desmids Desmidiaceaesporites cosmarioformis most probably indicates relatively nutrient-poor (ombrotrophic) conditions. Fluctuations in the frequency of individual plant taxa (including Sequoia and Sciadopitys) are likely to reflect changes in water level and trophic conditions.

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Lost Norian fluvial tracks : Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic coarse-grained deposits in Kamienica Śląska (Upper Silesia, southern Poland)

Fijałkowska-Mader Anna, Paszkowski Mariusz, Kędzior Artur, Jewuła Karol

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 3

277--293

EN

In the Triassic-Jurassic boundary profiles of the Upper Silesian region, there are locally developed coarse clastic deposits, commonly known as the Połomia Gravels, Połomia Beds or “Połomia Formation’’ (informal name). Due to the lack of reliable stratigraphic tools, the chronostratigraphic position of these deposits remains one of the most controversial aspects of the Triassic-Jurassic lithostratigraphy in the region. Sparse biostratigraphic data from the overlying and underlying deposits indicate a wide range of ages, from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. This paper presents the results of sedimentological, petrographical and palynological analyses of the coarse-grained deposits from the Kamienica Śląska gravel pit, which is currently one of the biggest facilities of this type in Upper Silesia. The outcrop section, with a total thickness of up to 20 m, is dominated by friable, light grey to beige and locally dark grey, large-scale planar to trough cross-stratified conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones with subordinate thin interbeds of grey and reddish brown mudstones. Three facies associations have been distinguished, representing a main channel belt, secondary channels and floodplains subenvironments. Facies analysis points to a braided river tract with localised floodplain sediments. The grain composition of the Kamienica Śląska gravel/conglomerate is less diversified than that of the polymictic typical Połomia Beds of the Myszków area and resembles oligomictic conglomerates known from the Grabowa Formation of the Norian age and/or conglomerates of the Gorzów Beds of Rhaetian age, which also occur on the studied region. Palynological analysis of mudstone interbeds within the conglomeratic deposits shows the presence of miospores guiding and characteristic for subzone c of the Corollina meyeriana zone of the late Norian-early Rhaetian age. The appearance of the coarse-grained deposits in late Norian could be associated with the development of a long-reach braided fluvial tract, draining the S and SE part of the Sudetian-Malopolska-Lublin land (S-M-L land) in response to the tectonic rearrangement in the source area and gradual climatic change from semi-arid to humid in the Rhaetian.

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Reconstructing the Holocene environments in the Russian sector of the Neman Delta area, Kaliningrad Region

Napreenko Maxim G., Napreenko-Dorokhova Tatiana, Matul Alexandr

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 32

EN

A history of landscape development in the Russian part of the Neman Delta area during the Holocene, with an emphasis on the formation of forests and wetlands, is deduced based on pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, a field topography survey, and macrofossil analysis of peat deposits in a coastal mire, the Koz’ye Bog. Several 1,000-2,000-year time lags in vegetational development were revealed here, though they have not been recorded for other landscapes in the Kaliningrad Region and the adjacent areas in the southeastern Baltic. The causes are still not completely clear, but they presumably related to some of the regional patterns of climate development and the submergence of the area during the second Littorina transgression (7,500-7,000 cal. yr BP). It is established that cryophilic open tundra-like vegetation existed here not only in Late Glacial time (Younger Dryas) but up to the mid-Boreal (9,700-9,500 cal. yr BP). A transition from the open landscapes of the Late Glacial to birch and then pine forests occurred here 9,700-8,700 cal. yr BP, whereas the expansion of thermophilic broadleaf species of the nemoral (temperate) association (Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia, Corylus) was recorded only in the period 6,400-3,500 cal. yr BP. Peak expansion of Alnus occurred here only in the late Subboreal (3,500-2,700 cal. yr BP), while in adjacent areas it reached its maximum as early as the Atlantic. The general vegetation dynamics in this area during the Late Glacial and the Holocene could be referred to as a transition from the dominance of pine forests to a wide dispersal of alder carrs. This environmental shift was caused not only by climatic factors but probably also due to the transformation of the hilly coastal terrace into a low-lying plain landscape after flooding during the transgressions of the Baltic.

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Palaeobotanical record of the Eemian Interglacial succession at the Jagodne site (Garwolin Plain, central Poland)

Bober Aleksandra, Brzozowicz Dorota, Drzymulska Danuta, Żarski Marcin, Suchora Magdalena

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 34

EN

Our high-resolution data of pollen and macrofossils from 2 cores taken from the Jagodne site (Garwolin Plain) reveals a pollen succession covering the final part of the Late Saalian (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 6) and embracing the Eemian (MIS 5e). The results correspond to Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones (RPAZ). The hornbeam phase (E5 RPAZ) has been subdivided into subzones and compared to the corresponding division of the key profile of the Garwolin Plain, Kozłów K2-19. The comparison revealed a considerable sedimentary hiatus in the E5 RPAZ at Jagodne. This is attributed to significant palaeohydrological changes occurring widely in this zone, and also seen at other Eemian sites in Poland. Another specific feature of the Jagodne site is the early, rapid terrestrialisation of the palaeolake and its transformation into a raised bog, which occurred already at the end of the hornbeam phase. The Sphagnum dominated peatbog developed for a long time as evidenced by a thick peat layer covering also the Early Vistulian. Both pollen and plant macrofossil data correspond well to observed lithological boundaries, providing a consistent record of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes. The results obtained contribute to knowledge of palaeoenvironmental changes and palaeoclimate interpretation of that area.

9

Vegetation response to environmental changes based on palynological research on the Middle Miocene lignite at the Jóźwin IIB open-cast mine (Konin region, central Poland)

Słodkowska Barbara, Widera Marek

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2021

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Vol. 91, No. 2

149--166

EN

Palynological research was performed on the first Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1) at the Jóźwin IIB open-cast mine. The extremely rich pollen assemblages allowed investigation of the development of phytogenic sedimentation and the succession of plant communities. The vegetation cover, representing peat accumulation and adjacent areas, was reconstructed in the homogeneous lignite seam. Despite the lack of clear macroscopic differences in the lignite lithology and a similar floristic composition, a similar succession of plant communities was observed in three repetitions in the profile. The plant communities described were grouped into five cycles. Changes in the succession resulted mainly from oscillations of the groundwater level. On the basis of the vegetation composition, the climatic conditions predominant during the peat-forming sedimentation were reconstructed. Climate changes are most precisely recorded in the mixed mesophilous forest community. Its floristic composition shows that the climate was warm-temperate and humid at that time. The lower part of the profile contains more taxa with high thermal requirements: Araliaceae, Mastixiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Hammamelidaceae, Cornaceae, Symplocaceae, Ilex, Itea, Engelhardia, etc. It is related to the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). In the upper part of the profile, the vegetation composition reflects the beginning of a cooling trend. This is indicated by the reduced number of highly thermophilous taxa and the decreased taxonomic diversity of forest communities. The changing climatic and environmental conditions interrupted peat-bog sedimentation and caused termination of the development of thicker lignite seams.

10

Paleocene and Eocene deposits on the eastern margin of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Yantarny P-1 borehole, Kaliningrad region, Russia)

Kasiński Jacek Robert, Kramarska Regina, Słodkowska Barbara, Sivkov Vadim, Piwocki Marcin

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 1

29--53

EN

Lithological and palynological studies of Paleogene siliciclastic deposits from the Yantarny P-1 borehole located on the western coast of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad region, Russia) show that the succession is characterized by numerous sedimentary discontinuities related to lithification horizons and erosional surfaces. Sedimentary gaps are emphasised by hardgrounds. Palynological data suggest the Selandian-Priabonian age of the succession and indicate a number of significant stratigraphic gaps. An important change in heavy mineral composition is recognized between the Paleocene and Eocene deposits in the area studied. A significant number of reworked Cretaceous microfossils is observed in the Selandian part of the succession studied.

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Microphytoplankton from middle palaeolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere : a record from climate change strata of Baltica’s O/S boundary

Masiak Monika, Stempień-Sałek Marzenna, Podhalańska Teresa

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 1

86--103

EN

In the present study, data on the diversity of acritarch and prasinophyte microphytoplankton were collected from Ordovician-Silurian transitional strata at three different geological localities in Poland: southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Małopolska Block, southern Poland), East European Platform (Baltica), and Koszalin-Chojnice Zone (NW Poland). The material represents the mucronata (trilobite) to vesiculosus (graptolite) biozones. The Ordovician microphytoplankton assemblages are characterized by low frequency and low diversity: up to 110 specimens and 12 genera per slide, in contrast to Silurian ones that are more frequent and more diverse - >3000 specimens and 16 genera per slide (diversity at the species level is also higher). Throughout the Ordovician part of the succession, typical Ordovician genera occur, such as Acanthodiacrodium, Ordovicidium, Orthosphaeridium and large Baltisphaeridium, together with isolated occurrences of typical Silurian genera, especially in the upper part of the Hirnantian (e.g., Diexallophasis). The Silurian assemblages are typified by high frequency of prasinophytes followed by typical Siluran acritarchs: Tylotopalla, Ammonidium, Domasia and Oppilatala. The palynological material from Poland is compared with material known from other localities: the Rapla and Valga boreholes (Estonia) and Anticosti Island (Canada), as well as others placed in different palaeocontinents and different bathymetric zones. Palynological assemblages obtained from Polish material confirm that bathymetry played the key role in taxonomic diversification of the microphytoplankton assemblage. This supports the existing models of distribution: dominance of prasinophytes (leiospheres) and cryptospores is characteristic for shallow-water environments. In deeper water, dominance of acanthomorphs is observed. In the deepest-water zones - mixed assemblages occur. For the Holy Cross Mountains, microphytoplankton frequency is compared with a TOC curve in the same interval.

12

Palynostratigraphy of dinosaur bone-bearing deposits from the Upper Cretaceous of Western Bulgaria

Pavlishina Polina, Dochev Docho, Nikolov Vladimir, Yaneva Marlena, Konyovska Ralitsa

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 4

617--626

EN

Palynological investigation of the Vrabchov dol locality (Western Bulgaria) which recently yielded fragmentary dinosaur bones attributed to the clade Titanosauria, reveals well-preserved sporomorph assemblages dominated by angiosperm pollen from the Normapolles group, spores and rare gymnosperms. The age assessment of the studied sequence is based on the diagnostic Normapolles species, such as Oculopollis orbicularis Góczán, 1964, Oculopollis zaklinskaiae Góczán, 1964, Krutzschipollis spatiosus Góczán in Góczán et al., 1967 and Krutzschipollis crassus (Góczán, 1964) Góczán in Góczán et al., 1967. The concurrent presence of these pollen species suggests a late Santonian–early Campanian age for the succession. The sporomorph association is encountered in a palynofacies dominated by continental elements, including translucent phytoclasts (tissues, wood remains and plant cuticles). The sedimentary succession shows no evidence of marine elements and a very low proportion of AOM that attests to deposition within a lagoonal to foreshore marine environment, with high continental input and short transportation. The vegetation in the studied area was primarily composed of a range of Normapolles-producing angiosperms and secondarily of pteridophyte spore-producing plants. Gymnosperms were rare. Such a vegetation pattern reflects a warm, seasonally dry climate during the late Santonian–earliest Campanian in the studied area. The dinosaurs inhabited a wet lowland area, probably rich in herbaceous plants.

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Timing of Langhian bioevents in the Carpathian Foredeep and northern Pannonian Basin in relation to oceanographic, tectonic and climatic processes

Holcová K., Doláková N., Nehyba S., Vacek F.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 1

3--17

EN

The succession of bioevents in planktonic foraminifer and calcareous nannoplankton communities is reviewed and summarized for the Carpathian Foredeep and northern Pannonian Basin in the time interval between ~16 and 13.5 Ma. This succession can be subdivided into three principal intervals: (1) an interval with rare Praeorbulina sicana and P. glomerosa. It was characterized by a limited immigration of index taxa linked to the lack of a warm surface water layer in the Central Paratethys. This interval can be correlated with the first Badenian transgression near the Burdigalian/Langhian boundary. The rare occurrence of biostratigraphical markers does not allow its precise dating and interregional correlation; (2) a brief interval of the first occurrences of Praeorbulina circularis, Orbulina suturalis and Helicosphaera waltrans. This can be related to the formation of a warm surface water layer suitable for the survival of orbulinas and praeorbulinas and a change from estuarine to anti-estuarine circulation. This interval can be correlated with the second Badenian transgression, which, however, was not isochronous over the area as inferred from different successions of these first occurrences; (3) a limited appearance of new index taxa in the Central Paratethys prior to the Wielician Salinity Crisis. This time interval was characterized by increased seasonality and salinity oscillations followed by climate cooling. A “reverse” migration of the stress-tolerant species Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis from the Central Paratethys to the Mediterranean is suggested. Several local bioevents with limited stratigraphic correlation potential have been recognized in this interval.

14

Stratigraphic interpretation of loess in the marginal zone of the Dnieper I ice sheet and the evolution of its landscape after deglaciation (Dnieper Upland, Ukraine)

Komar M., Łanczont M., Fedorowicz S., Gozhik P., Mroczek P., Bogucki A.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 3

536--552

EN

Litho-, pedo- and palynological analyses constrained by radiometric dating of two loess-palaeosol sequences, Nahirne and Velyka Andrusivka, exposed in a cliff at the eastern edge of the Dnieper Upland, Ukraine, document regional environmental changes in the western marginal zone of the Dnieper lobe. The postglacial loess sedimentation cycle was initiated during MIS 8, immediately after the ice sheet recession. On the basis of palaeorelief analysis, subsequent morphogenetic stages of the original postglacial relief, associated with the modifying and masking role of the loess, and destructive slope processes were reconstructed. Periglacial steppe with consistently present scattered trees formed the Pleistocene landscape in the Middle Dniester area during the last three glacial periods. In such an environment, the following loess beds, correlated with marine isotope stages (MIS), were deposited: Dnieper (dn) - MIS 8, Tyasmyn (ts) - MIS 6, Uday (ud) - MIS 4 and Bug (bg) - MIS 2. During the last two warm periods: Kaydaky (kd) - MIS 7 and Pryluky (pl) - MIS 5, the landscape was not fully forested. As a result, the individual palynological features of these soils show a diverse character. The TL and OSL dates form a sequence with numerous inversions that are difficult to interpret. Although these data do not significantly influence the interpretation, they show that: 1) there are loesses that undoubtedly formed after the maximum extent of the ice sheet by short-distance transport of dust material from local fresh glacial deposits and the underlying Paleogene rocks; 2) date distortions result from the activities of an exceptionally rich pedofauna that has contaminated the material not only in the soil sections of the profile but also in the adjacent loess. It is possible to delimit a few stages of pedofaunal activity in each of the soil units.

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The Late Quaternary vegetational and environmental history of western tropical Africa - the eastern Benin Basin, Lagos, Nigeria

Adeonipekun P. A., Adeniyi T. A., Mateawo J., Agbalaya B.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

277--291

EN

A palynological study of a 30 m borehole within the Akoka campus of the University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria revealed Late Quaternary paleo-vegetational, climatic and environmental changes. Sixteen samples at a regular interval of 2 m were subjected to standard palynological and sedimentological techniques. Six pollen zones representing six paleoclimatic phases within the Late Quaternary period were recognized. The age model is based on two radiocarbon dates (6 m: 5,495 ± 25 ¹⁴C yr and 12 m: 15,660 ± 40 ¹⁴C yr) and, by extrapolation, the sequence spans approximately the last 35,000 yr BP. The African maximum transgression and the African Humid Period (wet paleoclimate maximum) – the Nouaktchottian, and Pre-Nouaktchottian respectively – were recognized, while the Ogolian II (Erg II) was stratigraphically recognized and the Upper Inchirian extrapolated. Recovered diatom frustules with other proxies were employed for paleoclimatic and paleoecological deductions. Four hydrological cycles and three paleoecological settings were identified. Results from this work indicate the co-eval record of paleoclimatic events across Africa, suspected cooling during the African maximum transgression in Nigeria and the usefulness of coastal freshwater swamp sediments for paleoclimate studies.

16

A palynology and paleoenvironmental study of a section from the Amansiodo-1 well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria

Chukwuma-Orji J. N., Okosun E. A., Ekom J. C., Abolarin J. F.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

293--301

EN

Palynological analysis was carried out on twenty (20) ditch cutting samples from a section (1284.73–1496.57 m) of the Amansiodo-1 well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria with the aim of determining the age, biozone, and depositional environment of the sediments within the depth interval. The laboratory techniques of digesting sediments in hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids for silicates and carbonates removal were followed to process the samples for the recovery of palynomorphs. Fifty two (52) palynomorph specimens were recovered. An assemblage zone of Echitriporites trianguliformis Zone has been established. The section was dated to the upper Maastrichtian due to the occurrences of age diagnostic marker species such as: Cingulatisporites ornatus, Distaverrusporites simplex, Proteacidites sigalii, Dinogymnium cf auclaense, Echitriporites trianguliformis and Retidiporites magdalensis. Based on the palynomorph marine index and environmental indicator flora, the section was inferred to be deposited in marine to brackish (coastal) environments with little influence of fresh water.

17

Early Holocene alluvia in the lower Wisłok River valley and their chronostratigraphy in the light of radiocarbon datings and palynological analysis

Superson S., Gębica P., Michczyński A., Kołaczek P., Szczepanek K.

Geochronometria

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2017

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Vol. 44, no. 1

216--225

EN

The paper presents the results of the latest radiocarbon dating and the palynological analyses of organic sediments found in the alluvia of the Wisłok River valley between the towns of Łańcut and Przeworsk. The study conducted in the gravel pit made possible the dating of several alluvial fills of the 7–8 m high Holocene terrace and the 5–6 m high floodplain. The oldest channel alluvia and palaeochannel sediments of the 7–8 m high terrace were dated at 10 100–9300 BP (11 960–10 500 cal BP). According to the anthracological analysis the top cover of clay overbank alluvia, which bears charcoal fragments, was deposited in the Subboreal and/or the Subatlantic Phases. In the sequence of the 5–6 m high floodplain, the bottom fills of palaeochannels, dated at 10 195–9885 cal BP (probability level: 68.2%; GdS-3233: 8900 ± 95 BP ) and 11 095–10 755 cal BP (probability level: 68.2%; GdS-3228: 9575 ± 95 BP), were truncated by erosion and covered by alluvia of palaeomeanders, which were active in the 19th century. Preservation of the erosional bench of the Early Holocene organic sediments indicates the predomination of lateral migration of the river channel during the last 200 years and the formation of wide erosional floodplain that has been aggraded with recent flood alluvia. In the 20th century the floodplain aggradation was simultaneous with the deepening of the Wisłok riverbed.

18

Changes of sedimentation in the Drużno Lake based on geoarchaeological data from the Teutonic fortress in Elbląg, North Poland

Nitychoruk J., Szymanek M., Bińka K., Kasprzycka M., Zbucki Ł.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 1

85--98

EN

The wooden structures unearthed in 2012 during archaeological excavation in the courtyard of the Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg have been dated using the dendrochronological method to the period between 1245 and 1302, which allows them to be considered to be parts of a Teutonic fortress. The remains of the wooden building located directly on the prehistoric lacustrine sediments created a unique opportunity to reconstruct the near-shore sedimentation of the Drużno Lake. Geological, malacological and palynological methods were applied during the investigation. The results, compared with the ranges of both the Drużno Lake and the Vistula Lagoon, known from previous studies of the region, allowed the correlation of a phase of a deep lake with the “Roman Period”. Rapid shallowing of the lake occurred in the “Migration Period”. The final disappearance of the lake in the area of modern Elbląg occurred in the early Middle Ages.

19

Towards an integrated Jurassic biostratigraphy for eastern Greenland

Kelly S. R. A., Gregory F. J., Braham W., Strogen D. P., Whitham A. G.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 1

43--64

EN

The thick and relatively complete Jurassic succession of eastern Greenland provides a unique biostratigraphic record for the North Atlantic region. The main biostratigraphic control for the succession has been provided by molluscs, especially ammonites and to a lesser extent by bivalves and belemnites. The late John Callomon and colleagues recognised 93 Boreal ammonite-bearing horizons in the Mid to Late Jurassic. This provides a reliable backbone to the biostratigraphy of these strata, prompting a palynological colleague to comment that they are the “Policemen of Jurassic Stratigraphy”. Other biostratigraphically significant microfossil and palynological groups, can be calibrated against this standard, but on their own cannot achieve the same precision. The Early Jurassic of eastern Greenland does not have such fine control as later parts of the period. No single biostratigraphic group can be used successfully throughout the interval, and there are only three significant ammonite faunas during this period. Reliance on various different organisms is necessary to cope with the changing range of marine to non-marine environments. CASP field-work from 1990 to 2012 has resulted in the collection of much biostratigraphic material. In this article, published data are summarised together with previously unpublished data in the form of a unified table. The integrated chart shows detailed columns for the whole eastern Greenland Jurassic. It demonstrates the ammonite, palynological and microfossil events/biozones and horizons which are correlated by time. More limited information is available on belemnites, bivalves and macroflora. This is the first time such an integrated biostratigraphic scheme has been assembled for the Jurassic of eastern Greenland. It will be of value to the offshore oil-industry in the northern North Atlantic and on the Barents Shelf as well as to field geologists in Greenland.

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Non-pollen palynomorphs from mid-Holocene peat of the raised bog Borsteler Moor(Lower Saxony, Germany)

Shumilovskikh L. S., Schlütz F., Achterberg I., Bauerochse A., Leuschner H. H.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 1

5--18

EN

In order to reconstruct regional vegetation changes and local conditions during the fen-bog transition in the Borsteler Moor (northwestern Germany), a sediment core covering the period between 7.1 and 4.5 cal kyrs BP was palynologically investigated. The pollen diagram demonstrates the dominance of oak forests and a gradual replacement of trees by raised bog vegetation with the wetter conditions in the Late Atlantic. At ~ 6 cal kyrs BP, the non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) demonstrate the succession from mesotrophic conditions, clearly indicated by a number of fungal spore types, to oligotrophic conditions, indicated by Sphagnum spores, Bryophytomyces sphagni, and testate amoebae Amphitrema, Assulina and Arcella, etc. Four relatively dry phases during the transition from fen to bog are clearly indicated by the dominance of Calluna and associated fungi as well as by the increase of microcharcoal. Several new NPP types are described and known NPP types are identified. All NPP are discussed in the context of their palaeoecological indicator values.