Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Kompleksy bis-ftalocyjanin lantanowców do zastosowań w układach mikroelektronicznych

Słota Rudolf, Dyrda Gabriela

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 12

1374--1378

PL

Zsyntezowano kompleksy bis-ftalocyjanin lantanowców ze wszystkimi metalami tej grupy (LnPc₂, gdzie Ln = lantanowiec, Pc = C₃₂H₁₆N₈ oznacza ligand ftalocyjaninowy), wykorzystując w tym celu metodę polegającą na spiekaniu 1,2-dicyjanobenzenu i odpowiedniego octanu lantanowca w zatopionej ampułce szklanej w czasie 1 h w temp. 300-350°C zależnej od rodzaju Ln. Podstawowym celem zastosowanej metodyki syntezy było otrzymanie produktów o wysokiej jakości i bardzo dużej czystości, tak aby mogły znaleźć zastosowanie jako aktywne komponenty w zaawansowanych układach elektronicznych typu high-tech. Przedstawiono odpowiednie procedury syntezy i oczyszczania kompleksów oraz dokładnie omówiono metodykę oceny jakościowej produktu końcowego.

EN

Bis-phthalocyanine complexes of the complete Ln metal series (LnPc₂, where Ln = rare earth metal, Pc = C₃₂H₁₆N₈ is the phthalocyanine ligand) were synthesized following the procedure involving sintering of 1,2-dicyanobenzene and the relevant metal acetate, in a sealed glass ampoule, for 1 h at 300-350°C, depending on the Ln metal. The appropriate synthesis and purification procedures were characterized and the qual. evaluation mode of the final product was elucidated extensively. The resulting complexes were characterized by high purity, as detd. by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

2

Ścieki pożarnicze w Polsce i na świecie

Gniazdowska Justyna, Rabajczyk Anna, Stojek Piotr

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 5

596--602

PL

Dokonano przeglądu problemów związanych z występowaniem i oczyszczaniem ścieków pożarniczych w Polsce i na świecie. Poruszono kwestie dotyczące negatywnego wpływu ścieków pożarniczych na środowisko. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na brak aktów prawnych kwalifikujących jednoznacznie te ścieki do odpowiedniej kategorii ścieków.

EN

A review, with 19 refs., of occurrence and purifn. of fire wastewaters. In particular, a negative effect of the waters on environment was taken in consideration. A lack of legal acts necessary for an unambiguous qualification of the fire wastewaters was pointed out.

3

Wpływ sortowania i flotacji prowadzonych w warunkach laboratoryjnych na wybrane właściwości mas włóknistych ze zużytej tektury falistej

Wojciechowski Piotr, Danielewicz Dariusz

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2024

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R. 80, nr 3

148--154

PL

Głównym celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu oczyszczania mas włók nistych zzadrukowanej zewnętrznie (3 próbki) oraz zadrukowanej i polakierowa nej (3 próbki) tektury falistej za pomocą sortowania, flotacji oraz następujących po sobie sortowaniu i flotacji na wydajność mas w tych procesach oraz wybrane wskaźniki oceny ich czystości chemicznej i optycznej. Badania wykazały: stosunkowo niską wydajność procesów oczyszczania mas z tektur falistych (wynikającą z dużej zawartości w nich frakcji drobnej i substancji mineralnych, ulegających oddzieleniu w procesach oczyszczania; zawartość ligniny na poziomie l.k. 40-55), wyższą zawartość cętek w masach z tektur lakierowanych, maksymalnie ok. połowiczną efektywność usuwania farby drukarskiej i zaledwie kilkuprocentowy wzrost białości R457 mas po procesach oczyszczania.

EN

The main aim of this work was to determine the effect of cleaning of pulp from externally printed (3 samples) and printed and varnished (3 samples) of old corrugated board (OCC) by means of screening, flotation and subsequent sorting and flotation on the yield of the pulp in these processes and selected indices of assessment of their chemical and optical purity. Research has shown that relatively low yield of pulps from OCC in the cleaning processes results from the high content of fines fraction and mineral substances in them separating during the cleaning processes; lignin content at kappa number level of 40-55 units; higher specs content in pulps from varnished OCC; maximum approximately 50% efficiency of removal of printing ink from such type of pulps and only a few percent increase of their brightness after cleaning processes.

4

Optimization of wet-process phosphoric acid for high-quality phosphogypsum

Fan Xuyang, Zhou Chenyu, Xiao Tingting, Wang Haoran, Wu Hanjun, Li Zhongjun, Pan Zhiquan, Zhou Hong

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 5

art. no. 192938

EN

The chronic accumulation of phosphogypsum (PG) has resulted in significant environmental contamination issues within the wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) industry. An innovative technical route for transforming PG into a resource has been achieved through the introduction of floc flotation and acid cleaning in WPPA. The floc flotation using cationic polyacrylamide as a flocculant and micro lotion, which is composed of dioctyl phthalate, polyoxyethylene(10)nonylphenyl ether, kerosene, and n-octanol as a collector, has been performed. The effect of floc flotation on product quality and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by XRF, FT-IR, SEM, and 2-dimensional fractal dimension analysis. The optimal parameters were determined through a factor experiment, which yielded the following results: floc flotation temperature 65ºC, cationic polyacrylamide 180 g/Mg, collector 1.08 kg/Mg, and flushing sulfuric acid concentration 20%. The resulting PG exhibited a high grade of 95.01%, whiteness of 70.8%, and gypsum recovery of 93.52%. Furthermore, the soluble phosphorus and soluble fluorine levels are below 0.1%. In the flotation process, the combination of polyacrylamide and collector effectively separated fine organic matter and siliceous material with a hydrophobic bubble, facilitating their upward movement and subsequent separation from PG. The new WPPA, which exhibits enhanced product quality and reduced production costs, can be utilized extensively within the WPPA.

5

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on flotation purification of quartz

Deng Jiabao, Luo Dawei, Bai Junzhe, Rong Ke

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 3

art. no. 190008

EN

Quartz sand purity dictates its applications, with current research focusing on flotation purification. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on quartz flotation, an RKIII single-tank flotation machine was employed at a neutral pH of 6.8, and the impacts of varying ultrasonic powers (120-300 W) and different treatment durations (0-25 min) were discussed. Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatments were carried out in acidic and alkaline environments simulated by 1%-5% solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Through the analysis of impurity content in quartz sand, it was found that under natural pH conditions and a power range of 120-300 W, the optimal purification effect was achieved by adding 100 g of quartz sand to 1200 cm3 of deionized water and subjecting it to ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 min. As the ultrasonic power increased, the purification effect was enhanced. The results showed that the removal of Fe2O3, TiO2, and Al2O3 was increased by 10.4%, 3.3%, and 1.2%, respectively, compared with that of the conventional flotation after ultrasonic pretreatment for 15 min with ultrasound power 240 W in a neutral environment. In the optimal 5% HCl solution, the removal rate of Fe2O3 was 11.2% and 21.6% higher than that of the control group and the untreated group, respectively. The removal rate of TiO2 was 4.6% and 7.9% higher, respectively. The removal rate of Fe2O3 increased by 23.2% and that of TiO2 increased by 9.1% with 240 W ultrasonic treatment in 4% NaOH solution.

6

Optimum Conditions for Applying the Magnetic Absorption Methodfor Decontamination of Ferrous Sulphate and Chromate-Containing Wastewater

Radovenchyk Vyacheslav, Ivanenko Olena, Otrokh Olena, Overchenko Tetiana, Ivaniuta Serhii, Benatov Daniel, Frolenkova Svitlana, Hurieva Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

321--334

EN

The article deals with the acute issue of intensive contamination of surface and underground waters with iron and chromium ions, which reduces the amount of water suitable for consumption. It was noted that because of monitoring the state of transboundary rivers of Ukraine within the framework of bilateral agreements, an unacceptable excess of the content of heavy metal ions was recorded. The main polluters of the water environment are machinebuilding enterprises that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated metal-containing wastewater from the processes of steel etching, chrome plating, etc. Recently, the processing of these solutions to obtain a suspension of highly dispersed particles with magnetic properties–magnetite has been increasingly practiced. One of the directions of its use is the sorption of various pollutants in water environments, i.e., the application of the magnetic absorption method. Our study shows the advantages of using magnetite obtained from sulphate solutions in comparison with the traditional sulphate-chloride solution, the influence of the ratio of iron (II) and (III) ions, temperature, pH, nature of the precipitant, salinity on the dispersion of the obtained magnetic particles. When applying the magnetic absorption method, it was determined that hydrolyzed forms of iron (III) ions are best sorbed on magnetite, the removal process of which from aqueous solutions occurs quite intensively during the first two minutes. During the study of various samples of magnetite, it was established that in acidic solutions, with an increase in the ratio of iron (II) and (III) ions, the efficiency of iron ion removal decreases; in neutral and alkaline solutions, such a dependence is not observed. In the proposed technological scheme, purifying wastewater containing 10–100 mg/dm3 of iron ions is advisable by adding 100–1000 mg/dm3 of magnetite suspension and alkali solution to a pH of 8–9. The study showed that during the treatment of chromate-containing waters with magnetite, in addition to the processes of reduction of chromate ions, oxidation of surface Fe2+ ions to Fe3+, sorption of Cr3+ ions or Cr(OH)3 hydroxides, the reduction of chromate anions on its surface is observed, the basis of which may be the formation chemical compounds, as well as the sorption mechanism. The optimal conditions for removing chromium (VI) compounds from model solutions are to conduct the process at an elevated temperature and use magnetite with a 20 mg per 1 mg Cr6+ consumption.

7

Monitoring and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Eco-Pollutants in Wastewater in Kazakhstan Cities

Tulegenova Symbat, Zhantokov Bolatbek, Beisenova Raikhan, Shyngysbayeva Zhadyra, Dukenbayeva Asiya, Rakhymzhan Zhanar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 7

359--370

EN

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most developing and dynamic sectors of the global economy. Existing methods of wastewater treatment do not always allow the complete removal of pharmacological preparations, which leads to the fact that these substances enter water resources and can have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health. Due to the increase in water pollution with pharmacological preparations, there is a need for more in-depth research in this area. Assessment of the level of contamination with pharmacological substances in the wastewater of megacities is an important aspect of environmental protection and public health. The purpose of this research work is to evaluate pharmacological pollutants in the wastewater of megacities. This study is aimed at identifying APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) that are most likely to have a negative impact on the environment in Kazakhstan. To analyze the content of Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Cabramazepine and other medicinal substances, standards of these substances were added to the wastewater sample and analyzed by the HPLC-MS method. As a result of this research work, information was obtained on the current level of contamination with pharmacological substances in the wastewater of megacities and their impact on ecosystems and human health. The results of the study can be used to develop measures to reduce pollution and conserve water resources for future generations.

8

The new concept of MIEX® resin dose categories. Swelling effect, reactor steady-state balance, and NOM removal process control

Mołczan Marek

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

91--103

EN

The use of powdered adsorbents for water purification has many advantages and one major drawback – lack of regeneration due to difficulty in separating powdered particles. This weakness is attempted to be broken by powdered magnetic adsorbents, in particular magnetic ion exchange resins, used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. In this water treatment process, NOM removal is controlled by the adsorbent content in the reactor (adsorbent dose) and the degree of its saturation. The control over the dose and saturation is done by mutual relations between the regenerated resin stream directed to the reactor and the saturated resin stream received from the reactor. An obstacle in balancing these streams is a variable volume of the adsorbent resulting from its varied swelling, depending on the features of the solution and saturation of the adsorbent. For this reason, it was proposed to distinguish new resin dose and content categories adequate to these changes, the use of which allows full control of both streams. Thus, the reactor feed stream was associated with relative fresh resin content (RRC) and relative fresh resin dose (RRD), which indicate the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of water during purification. However, the stream received from the reactor was associated with saturated resin content (SRC) and saturated resin dose (SRD), which indicate the volume occupied by saturated adsorbent in the solution of water under treatment. In turn, these two categories of contents/doses are related to the swelling degree (ηSR). Another role was assigned to the third dose category, which is absolute fresh resin dose (ARD), referring to the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of demineralized water. Thanks to two key features with reference properties (demineralized water, regenerated adsorbent), ARD allows one to transfer laboratory results to practice and to compare the results of various research. The resin loss factor described by the ηLS indicator was also included in this structure.

9

Separation and purification of phycobiliproteins from Thermosynechococcus PCC 6715 by foam fractionation and aqueous two-phase extraction

Antecka Anna, Szeląg Rafał, Ledakowicz Stanisław

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 2

art. no. e62

EN

The use of foam fractionation followed by aqueous two-phase extraction has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional liquid chromatography, hitherto irreplaceable in the purification of phycobiliproteins. The crude extracts of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were obtained after Thermosynechococcus PCC 6715 biomass disintegration. The FF process with air flow of 2.4 L·h -1 resulted in purification factors up to 1.47 and partitioning coefficients of about 39, and did not require the addition of surfactants. A temperature of 35˚C allowed for the highest partitioning coefficient of 67.6 and yield of 76%; however, the purity of C-PC in condensate at this temperature was lower than at 25˚C. ATPE was tested in 20 different systems consisting of polyethylene glycol and phosphate or citrate salts, of which PEG1500-citrate gave the highest purification factor value of 2.31. Conversely, a partitioning coefficient of 2416 and 1094 were obtained for the PEG1500-phosphate and PEG3000-phosphate systems, respectively. Interestingly, the use of FF condensate in subsequent ATPE step resulted, for the first time, in the separation of the polymer phase into two fractions, one contained C-phycocyanin and the other allophycocyanin. It can be concluded that the use of a two-step system of FF and ATPE is a viable way to separate phycobiliproteins.

10

Recovery of Niobium Pentaoxide and Ammonium Sulfate from Titanium-Magnesium Production Waste

Ultarakova Almagul, Lokhova Nina, Karshyga Zaure, Toishybek Azamat, Yessengaziyev Azamat, Kassymzhanov Kaisar, Mukangaliyeva Arailym

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

227--235

EN

This study was aimed to investigate the development of a technology for the extraction of niobium pentaoxide and ammonium sulfate from titanium-magnesium production waste, specifically, the sublimates of dust chamber into concentrate in the form of niobium pentoxide. Optimal conditions for washing the niobium hydroxide precipitate by repulpation with hot (60–70°C) distilled water, drying at 200°C for 6 hours were determined. The influence of temperature and duration of the process was studied. Optimal conditions for the dynamic desorption of niobium from saturated ionite (Purolite A100) was determined. The results further indicated that the optimum quantity of the solution of desorption with sulfuric acid was equal to 5.5% and ammonium oxalate was equal to 4%, while temperature and the flow rate of the desorbing solution was 22–27°C and 6 rpm, respectively. The study of the precipitation of niobium from sulfuric acid desorbates showed that the interaction of niobium ions with ammonia takes place at a low rate. The degree of precipitation of niobium hydroxide equal to 99.6% was achieved in 7 hours of agitation of the suspension at a temperature of 22–25°C.

11

Innovative Method for Water Deiron Ions Using Capillary Material

Trus Inna, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Halysh Vita, Chuprinov Evhen, Benatov Daniel, Hlushko Olena, Sirenko Ludmila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

174--182

EN

Among all known inorganic pollutants of wastewater and natural water that adversely affect water bodies, different living organisms and human beings, iron compounds are the most common. Before discharging the wastewater into water bodies, it is important to remove iron ions from wastewater. The application of capillary materials in water and wastewater treatment is a promising direction of ecology and technology. The capillary properties of materials allow the development of quite simple, autonomous, highly efficient and energy-saving systems for water purification. The aim of the present paper was the investigation of the influence of the basic conditions of the filtration process with the application of capillary materia on the efficiency of iron ions removal. The initial concentration of the model solution, pH and temperature of the filtration process, as well as the contact area of the liquid phase with oxygen of the air were studied. The proposed method is appropriate for the treatment of water in the concentration range from 5 to 10 mg/dm3 with an optimum pH in the range of 4–7. The experimental data showed high efficiency of capillary materials application, providing sufficient removal of iron ions from low concentrated solutions, compared to the traditional method of precipitation. The main advantage of the capillary materials is the simplicity of their application, quite high degree of purification and there no need to consume electricity or additional reagents, which allows creating autonomous water treatment facilities and plants.

12

Characterization of Post-Mining Soil and Solid Waste from Silica Sand Purification

Susianti Bernadetha, Warmadewanthi Idaa, Tangahu Bieby Voijant

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

277--289

EN

Post-mining soil and solid waste from the silica sand refining industry is widespread and the potential long-term impact of toxic metals and metalloids is a significant and under-appreciated issue. This study presents the characteristics of post-mining soil and solid waste resulting from silica sand purification to observe its physical, chemical, and biological composition. Analysis of the physical properties was carried out with reference to ASTM 112-10 and the results show that post-mining soil contains 36.95% sand, 18.80% clay, and 42.74% silt, with coefficients of permeability and porosity of 0.69×10-6 cm•s-1 and 35.84%, respectively. Meanwhile, the solid waste contains 43.35% sand, 35.96% clay, and 20.68% silt with coefficients of permeability and porosity of 1.49×10-6 cm•s-1 and 51.12%. The overall mineralogy and morphology of both samples showed that they have the same chemical composition as gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7), spinel (MgAl2O4), akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), monticellite (CaMgSiO4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3) supports this data. The chemical composition of both samples is SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and MgO, but the post-mining soil has lower heavy metal and nutrient contents compared to solid waste. Meanwhile, solid waste has a high content of heavy metals and nutrients due to washing and bonding from the silica sand purification process. The abundance of bacteria (Colony Forming Unit) for the 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions in post-mining soil was 1.59×103and not detected, while in the solid waste, 4.10×105 and 1.64×105 were found, respectively. This study can be used as base values for modifying the two samples, which can be applied in mining land reclamation.

13

Carbonized Sorbents of Shungite and Rice Husk for Purification of Petroleum Contaminated Soils

Ongarbayev Yerdos, Baigulbayeva Moldir, Tileuberdi Yerbol, Ualieva Perizat, Abdieva Gulzhamal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

16--25

EN

Contamination of soil and water with petroleum during its extraction, collection, transportation, storage and preparation occurs frequently, and purification of oil spills is one of the pressing environmental problems of oil producing organizations. There are a large number of methods for utilization oil spills. The sorption method in combination with bioremediation is capable of effectively purification of petroleum contaminated soils. The paper shows the possibility of using a carbonized mixture of shungite from the Koksu deposit (Kazakhstan) with rice husk as a sorbent and carrier of microorganism strains. The physicochemical properties and elemental composition, as well as the microstructure of carbonized samples were established. The maximum sorption capacity of carbonized sorbents when purifying the soil samples from oil from the Karazhanbas field was 1.86 g/g after 60 days. The carbonized samples with microorganism strains immobilized on them showed a degree of oil destruction reaching 90%.

14

Application of two-stage aerobic-reagent technology for purifying filtrates of dumps and municipal solid waste landfills

Vronska Nataliya Yu., Malovanyy Myroslav S., Zhuk Volodymyr M., Tymchuk Ivan S., Grechanyk Ruslan M., Soloviy Khrystyna M., Slyusar V.T., Marakhovska A.O.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2022

|

Nr 2

7--9

EN

Studies of the filtrate of a typical Chervonohrad municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill (Lviv region, Ukraine) were conducted and the optimum operating parameters of stages of aerobic biochemical treatment and reagent treatment of typical filtrate of Chervonohrad MSW landfill by two-stage technology were obtained. Experimental results on the conditions of implementation and efficiency of aerobic biochemical purification of filtrates, as well as reagent purification of filtrates by the modified Fenton method were obtained.

15

Technologie oczyszczania gliceryny technicznej

Borówka Grzegorz, Krasodomski Wojciech, Semerjak Grzegorz, Lubowicz Jan, Krzak Mateusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 2

163--167

PL

Wraz z rozwojem biorafinerii oraz coraz większą produkcją biodiesla podaż gliceryny z roku na rok rośnie. Pod nazwą „gliceryna” na rynku dostępne są produkty dwóch jakości, których głównym składnikiem jest glicerol: gliceryna surowa (crude glycerol) oraz gliceryna rafinowana (refined glycerol) zawierająca minimum 99,5% mas. glicerolu. Gliceryna rafinowana jest wykorzystywana w technologii produktów kosmetycznych i farmaceutycznych oraz jako surowiec w wielu procesach katalitycznych. Aby otrzymać glicerynę o wysokim stopniu czystości (EP/USP), stosuje się różne metody jej oczyszczania: neutralizację/zobojętnianie, metody destylacyjne (w tym destylację próżniową), metody sorpcyjne, membranowe i ekstrakcyjne oraz derywatyzację. Stosowane w praktyce procesy oczyszczania gliceryny, często wielostopniowe, wykorzystują te metody do usuwania poszczególnych składników ze strumienia surowej gliceryny.

EN

A review, with 49 refs., of processes for refining glycerol by vacuum dist., sorption, membrane methods, extrn. and derivatization.

16

Use of Phytomeliorant Plants for Waste Water Purification

Issayeva Akmaral U., Yeshibayev Arystanbek A., Tleukeyeva Assel Ye., Issayev Yerzhan B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

48--57

EN

The use of phytomeliorant plants is one of the promising trends in environmental biotechnology to purify waste water. The study was carried out to understand the phytomeliorative qualities of plants of the indigenous flora of the Turkestan Region under controlled conditions and to develop a method for treating wastewater. It was established that the use of a three-stage treatment of municipal wastewater using phytomeliorant plants: Ceratophуllum demersum L., Potamogeton trichoides Cha. Et Schlecht., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Potamogeton natans L.; Cardamine densiflora N. Gontsch., Sium sizaroideum DC.; Veronica beccabunga L, Veronica anagallis aquatica L. and Azolla caroliniana Willd for 30 days of the controlled experiment reduces the content of organic and mineral ingredients to the MPC values. A method for phyto-meliorative wastewater treatment of one of the sanatoriums in the south of Kazakhstan was developed and carried out in multi-stage bioponds, where water was purified from mineral and organic compounds by 94.9 ± 8.3 – 98.9 ± 7.8% in 12 days. In this study, first of all, nitrogenous compounds were utilized, then there was an active absorption of mineral ions and residual organic matter by plants. In conclusion, significant purification of wastewater was achieved by using indigenous phytomeliorant plants in much shorter time period.

17

Use of Metal Oxide-Modified Aerated Concrete for Cleaning Flue Gases from Carbon Monoxide

Ivanenko Olena, Gomelya Nikolai, Shabliy Tetyana, Trypolskyi Andrii, Nosachova Yuliia, Leleka Serhii, Trus Inna, Strizhak Peter

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 5

104--113

EN

The necessity of development of technical solutions that will allow to reduce carbon monoxide emissions of flue gases of industrial productions is substantiated. It is shown that the most rational design solution to the problem of carbon monoxide pollution during the firing of electrode blanks is the use of aerated concrete blocks with a catalyst, which can be quickly and conveniently located directly on the carbon material of the “green” electrodes pouring in the subfloor space of the firing furnaces. Modified by oxides of Mn4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+ -catalysts based on aerated concrete were obtained. It is shown that in an empty reactor in the temperature range 200–400 °С the degree of conversion of carbon monoxide in the absence of a catalyst is zero. It is established that on the investigated catalysts based on aerated concrete 100% oxidation of carbon monoxide is achieved at a temperature of 390 °C in the case of using a mixture of catalyst powders 30% CuO + 70% MnO2, 40% CuO + 60% MnO2, 50% Fe (FexCr1-x) 2O4 + 50% MnO2; 50% Fe3O4 + 50 % MnO2. It is determined that the addition of ferrite catalyst powder in aerated concrete in a mixture or without manganese dioxide does not critically affect the mechanical properties of the products.

18

Development of a Catalyst for Flue Gas Purification from Carbon Monoxide of Multi-Chamber Furnaces for Baking Electrode Blanks

Ivanenko Olena, Trypolskyi Andrii, Gomelya Nikolai, Karvatskii Anton, Vahin Andrii, Didenko Olga, Konovalova Viktoria, Strizhak Peter

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

174--187

EN

The catalysts based on natural zeolite-clinoptilolite of Sokyrnytsia deposit modified with oxides of Mn4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+ were synthesized. It was determined that 100% conversion of carbon monoxide was achieved at a temperature of 390°C when using the copper-manganese-oxide catalyst (30% CuO + 70% MnO2). It was shown that although the use of the manganese-oxide catalyst provided 92.8% of CO conversion degree, this catalyst had the most advantages for application compared to the other studied solids. The structural parameters of the manganese-oxide catalyst were determined using XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption. The composition of the main elements of the catalyst samples was determined by micro-X-ray spectral analysis. It was shown that using the catalyst containers in chambers heated by flue gases in the fire channels of a multi-chamber furnace for baking of electrode blanks can be one of the constructive solutions to the problem of flue gas purification from carbon monoxide. The environmental safety of the copper-manganese-oxide catalyst application for the treatment of the flue gases of electrode production is justified by obtaining a catalyst from spent sorbents for purification of the manganese-containing natural water and its non-toxicity in the case of burial or storage in landfills.

19

Comparison Study of Water Quality Produced from a Conventional Water Treatment Plant and a Number of Compact Units

Al Saleh Hadeel Ali

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 5

258--262

EN

Water is very plentiful through the planet in general. Nevertheless, clean drinking water is not always accessible in the proper time or place for sufficient public or ecological use. The water significance is emphasized by the fact that in the past, great cultures have arisen near and along water bodies. Water quality of some purification complexes (compact units) in the Babylon Province (13 compact unit) as compared with Al-Hillah Al Mouahad Project (water treatment plant) was assessed by the Water Quality Index (WQI) methodology. WQI offers a particular number that states the overall water quality at a definite place and period based on many parameters concerning the quality of water. The water produced from the compact units was classified as "good water" according to the WQI classification with the values ranging from 85.4 in Bermana unit to 99.17 in Al-Muamera compact unit. Moreover, the research results showed that the water purification complexes work with efficiency, very close to the performance of large water purification projects and stations, and this means that it is possible to rely on them to obtain good drinking water quality, especially in small or remote areas.

20

Recent Studies on the Properties of Pervious Concrete; A Sustainable Solution for Pavements and Water Treatment

Vijavalakshmi Ramalingam

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2021

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Vol. 31, no. 3

54--84

EN

Pervious concrete a sustainable solution with limited fines or no fines and interconnected voids, has many environmental benefits, such as reducing the stormwater run-off, improving the groundwater table, reducing water pollution, and mitigating urban heat island. Many research works have been done in Pervious Concrete (PC) by varying different parameters such as, types of aggregate, aggregate gradation, water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, cement-to-aggregate ratio, geopolymer binder, ultra-high strength Matrix and compaction techniques. All these parameters have direct influences on the strength, porosity, permeability, hydraulic efficiency and durability characteristics of PC. The main aim of this paper is to review the recent work carried out in pervious concrete under six different categories (i) Effect of binders, coarse aggregate, admixtures and fibers used in PC (ii) Mechanical and durability properties (iii) pore structure characteristics (iv) Study on Clogging Effect (v) Role of PC in the water purification process and (vi) Numerical model in PC.