Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Model of radio-communications platform supporting inland navigation

Lisaj A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2024

|

Vol. 18 No. 2

383--386

EN

The article presents model of the Radio–communications Platform supporting Inland Navigation. The model of integrated satellite, analog and digital radio – communications systems has been presented. Individual blocks included in the module architecture has been developed. A communication model which integrates the Galileo system with Inland-AIS for the purpose of obtaining a reliable position in limited waters has been presented. The functional requirements of the Galileo Satellite System for integration with Inland-AIS in restricted areas was characterized. The integration of satellite systems was analysed in order to improve the compatibility of Communication Systems.

2

A comparative analysis of the performance of various GNSS positioning concepts dedicated to precision agriculture

Kowalczyk Wiktoria Zofia, Hadas Tomasz

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

|

2024

|

Vol. 117

11--20

EN

Automated guidance systems for precision agriculture rely on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and correction services for high accuracy and precision in field operations. This study evaluates the performance of selected GNSS positioning services for precision agriculture in a field experiment. We use three correction services: SF1, SF3, and RTK, which apply varying positioning concepts, i.e., Wide Area Differential GNSS, Precise Point Positioning, and Real-Time Kinematics, respectively. The tractor is autonomously steered along multiple predefined paths located in open-sky areas as well as near the heavy tree cover. The reference route of the vehicle is determined by classical surveying. Tractor trajectories, a SF1 and SF3 corrections, are shifted from predefined straight paths, unlike in the case for RTK. Offsets of up to several decimeters are service- and area-specific, indicating an issue with the stability of the reference frame. Additionally, the varying performance of the correction services implies that environmental conditions limit the precision and accuracy of GNSS positioning in precision agriculture. The pass-to-pass analysis reveals that SF1 improves the declared accuracy, while SF3 is less reliable in obstructed areas. RTK remains a stable source for determining position. Under favorable conditions, the pass-to-pass accuracy at 95\% confidence level is better than 11.5 cm, 8.5 cm, and 4.5 cm for SF1, SF3, and RTK, respectively. In the worst-case scenario, the corresponding accuracies are: 25.5 cm, 65.5 cm, and 22.5 cm.

3

Application of the GNSS Method in the Monitoring of Mine Surface Displacement: A Systemic Review

Nguyen Hai Van, Pham Khai Cong, Nguyen Dung Ba, Nguyen Long Quoc

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2024

|

Vol. 2, no. 1

247--255

EN

Currently, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques are widely used for monitoring displacement. This study provides an overview of current developments in the application of GNSS technology for determining displacement based on the findings of 52 research publications over the past fifteen years, from 2009 to August 2024. The obtained results indicated that RTK-GNSS and PPP-GNSS are effective methods to monitor deformation, subsidence, and landslides in open-pit, underground, abandoned mines, and waste dumps. Besides, some limitations and benefits of this technology have been mentioned in this paper. Finally, the prospects of developing of GNSS technique combined with AI technology in displacement monitoring of mining areas were also presented. This paper offers a technical reference for expanding the understanding and knowledge of GNSS applications in detecting displacement in mining areas.

PL

Obecnie do monitorowania przemieszczeń powszechnie stosuje się techniki Globalnego Systemu Nawigacji Satelitarnej (GNSS). Niniejsza praca stanowi przegląd aktualnego rozwoju zastosowań technologii GNSS do wyznaczania przemieszczeń na podstawie wniosków z 50 publikacji naukowych z ostatnich piętnastu lat, od 2009 r. do sierpnia 2024 r. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że RTK-GNSS i PPP-GNSS są skuteczne metody monitorowania deformacji, osiadań i osuwisk w kopalniach odkrywkowych, podziemnych, opuszczonych kopalniach i na składowiskach odpadów. Poza tym w artykule wspomniano o pewnych ograniczeniach i zaletach tej technologii. Na koniec przedstawiono także perspektywy rozwoju techniki GNSS w połączeniu z technologią AI w monitorowaniu przemieszczeń obszarów górniczych. W artykule przedstawiono odniesienia techniczne umożliwiające poszerzenie zrozumienia i wiedzy na temat zastosowań GNSS w wykrywaniu przemieszczeń na obszarach górniczych.

4

The stability of inter-system bias over time for positioning using GPS and Galileo

Kwaśniak Dawid, Cellmer Sławomir

GIS Odyssey Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 4, no. 1

79--91

EN

The introduction of new overlapping signals from GPS and Galileo, such as L1 and E1 and L5 and E5a, presents new opportunities for enhanced precision and reliability in positioning. However, it also introduces new challenges that need to be addressed. One of the primary challenges in processing GPS and Galileo observations is the requirement for Inter-System Bias (ISB) handling. An important aspect has become the examination of the stability of the ISB parameter over time. Both short-term and long-term stability must be investigated. For this purpose, experiments were conducted on 20 permanent IGS stations in 10 pairs. Using the Modified Ambiguity Function Approach (MAFA) method, the stability of the ISB parameter over time was investigated, both for short-term (daily) and long-term periods. When selecting pairs, care was taken to ensure that the distances between the receivers in the pair were shorter than 10 kilometers. This allowed us to reduce the influence of the atmosphere on the obtained results. Observation data were obtained from the permanent GNSS stations mentioned above for 2020 and 2021. Calculations were conducted for the GPS and Galileo systems corresponding observations. The obtained results showed that for both the short-term period, which is a day, and for the more extended period of time (few months), the ISB exhibits significant stability. This means that once determined, the ISB can be used for several months for a given pair of receivers.

5

Measurement and verification of selected peaks in the “New Crown Of Polish Mountains” for investigating the accuracy of LiDAR point clouds

Hauzner Jagoda, Kozioł Krystian, Dębska Izabela

Geoinformatica Polonica

|

2024

|

T. 23

77--89

EN

The Crown of Polish Mountains is a list of mountain peaks that has long attracted significant interest, with all included summits being considered worthy conquering. The proposal to expand this list with additional peaks, termed the “New Crown of Polish Mountains” by historian Krzysztof Bzowski, served as the impetus for a study of examining the accuracy of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) point clouds in the areas of the newly proposed peaks. The primary data source analyzed in this study is the LiDAR point cloud with a density of 4 points per square meter, obtained from the ISOK project. As a secondary LiDAR data source, a self-generated point cloud was utilized, created by using the integrated LiDAR sensor in the iPhone 13 Pro and the free 3dScannerApp mobile application within terrestrial scanning. These datasets were compared against RTK GNSS measurements obtained with a Leica GS16 receiver and mobile measurements conducted using Android smartphones. In addition to analyzing the raw point clouds, the study also involved the visualization of the analyzed areas by the creation of Digital Terrain Models in two software programs: ArcGIS Pro and QGIS Desktop. The research confirmed the known accuracy of ALS point clouds and revealed that the integrated LiDAR sensor in the iPhone 13 Pro demonstrates surprising accuracy. The potential for laser scanning with a smartphone, combined with the capability of conducting mobile GNSS measurements, could revolutionize geodetic surveying and simplify the acquisition of point cloud data.

PL

Korona Gór Polski jest listą szczytów górskich, która od lat reprezentuje wysoki wskaźnik zainteresowania. Wszystkie objęte nią szczyty są warte zdobycia. Propozycja rozszerzenia tej listy o kilka szczytów nazwana została „Nową Koroną Polskich Gór” przez historyka Krzysztofa Bzowskiego i stała się inspiracją do wykonania badania dokładności chmury punktów LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) na terenach nowo zaproponowanych szczytów Korony Gór Polski. Chmura punktów LIDAR o gęstości 4 punktów na metr kwadratowy pozyskana w ramach projektu ISOK jest głównym źródłem danych objętych analizą. Jako drugie źródło danych LiDARowych wykorzystano samodzielnie wykonaną chmurę punktów za pomocą wbudowanego sensora LIDAR w iPhone 13 Pro oraz darmowej aplikacji mobilnej 3dScannerApp w ramach naziemnego skaningu. Takie dane porównano do wyników pomiarów RTK GNSS wykonanych odbiornikiem Leica GS16 i pomiaru mobilnego wykonanego za pomocą smartfonów z systemem Android. Oprócz badania surowej chmury punktów podjęto się wizualizacji terenów objętych analizą, za pomocą wykonanych Numerycznych Modeli Terenu w dwóch programach: ArcGIS Pro oraz QGIS Desktop. Badania potwierdziły znaną dokładność chmury punktów ALS i odkryły, iż wbudowany sensor LIDAR w iPhone 13 Pro reprezentuje zaskakującą dokładność. Możliwość skaningu laserowego za pomocą smartfona wraz z możliwością wykonania pomiaru mobilnego GNSS może zrewolucjonizować pomiary geodezyjne oraz ułatwić pozyskiwanie danych chmurowych.

6

Synchronizacja i analiza przebiegu napięcia pobranego z sieci elektroenergetycznej

Witkowski Piotr, Dołęgowski Michał

Elektro Info

|

2024

|

nr 5

46--48

PL

W artykule opisano autorską metodę synchronizacji sygnałów elektroenergetycznych rejestrowanych w dwóch lokalizacjach. Następnie opisano sposób, w jaki obydwa przebiegi zostały ze sobą skorelowane, oraz sprawdzono poprawność dokonanej metody synchronizacji, skupiając się na analizie fazorów i ocenie jakości energii elektrycznej. Synchronizacja może być wykorzystywana podczas badań PMU (Phasor Management Unit), jednak obecnie znane metody działają tylko w miejscach, w których dociera sygnał GPS.

EN

The article describes an original method of synchronizing power signals recorded in two locations. Then, the method in which both waveforms were correlated was described, and the correctness of the synchronization method was checked, focusing on phasor analysis and power quality assessment. Synchronization can be used during PMU research, but currently known methods only work in places where the GPS signal reaches.

7

Osnowy powierzchniowe KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. – historia wdrożenia zintegrowanych metod pomiarowo-obliczeniowych

Seta Mateusz, Kurpiński Grzegorz, Stolecki Lech, Jaśkiewicz-Proć Izabela

Cuprum : czasopismo naukowo-techniczne górnictwa rud

|

2024

|

nr 1-2

31--42

PL

Wdrażanie zaawansowanych technologii pomiarowych i geodezyjnych jest kluczowym aspektem dla przedsiębiorstw, których działalność wiąże się z oddziaływaniem na powierzchnię terenu. Przykładami takich wpływów są zmiany geometrii powierzchni terenu spowodowane podziemną eksploatacją kopalin. Firmy górnicze są zobligowane przepisami prawa do monitorowania zmian powierzchni terenu spowodowanych prowadzoną eksploatacją, tak jak np. KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. W ciągu lat firma ta kontynuowała rozwijanie i doskonalenie swoich osnów powierzchniowych, korzystając ze zintegrowanych metod pomiarowo-obliczeniowych. Poniższy artykuł opisuje historię wdrożenia metod pomiarów satelitarnych GNSS na terenach górniczych, należących do KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.

EN

The implementation of advanced measurement and surveying technologies is a key aspect for companies whose activities involve impact on the surface. Changes in the geometry of the terrain surface caused by underground exploitation of minerals are examples of such influences. Mining companies are required by law to monitor changes in the surface caused by mining operations, such as KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. Over the years, the company has continued to develop and improve its geodetic networks using integrated measurement and calculation methods. The history of the implementation of GNSS satellite measurement methods in mining areas belonging to KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. is described in the article.

8

The concept of determining ground speed with limited access to GNSS signal on UAV

Kochan Jakub, Ważny Mariusz, Falkowski Krzysztof

Aviation and Security Issues

|

2024

|

No. 1

41--51

EN

This article presents an innovative approach to navigation using image recognition in situations characterized by limited access to GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals (signal interference). The presented system relies on image processing to define the characteristic edges of random objects. Subsequently, the actual ground speed of the moving object (UAV) is obtained based on changes in the object’s position. The article aims to show the potential of image recognition in navigational systems. The actual ground speed obtained by the image recognition can be used to correct the inertial navigation system.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje nowatorskie podejście do nawigacji z wykorzystaniem rozpoznania obrazu w sytuacjach charakteryzujących się ograniczonym dostępem do sygnału GNSS (zakłócenia sygnału). Zaprezentowany system opiera się na przetworzeniu obrazu w celu zdefiniowania charakterystycznych krawędzi obiektu. Następnie na podstawie zmian położenia obiektu wyznaczana jest prędkość rzeczywista poruszającego się BSP. Ponadto w artykule przedstawiono potencjał zastosowania rozpoznania obrazu w systemach nawigacyjnych. Wyznaczona prędkość z użyciem rozpoznania obrazu może być wykorzystana do korekcji inercjalnych systemów nawigacji.

9

Analysis of comparability of PCV in surveying-grade GNSS antenna - Topcon HIPER-VR case study

Baryła Radosław, Dawidowicz Karol

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

|

2024

|

Vol. 59, No. 3

87--99

EN

It is well known that the phase center of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna is not a stable point. For any given GNSS antenna, the phase center will change with the direction of the incoming signal from a satellite, as well as the frequency. Ignoring these phase center variations (PCVs) in GNSS data processing can lead to notable errors, especially in vertical position component determination. To avoid the problem, antenna PCV together with the phase center offset (PCO) information are recommended to be used in GNSS observation processing. We currently distinguish between individual and type-mean phase center correction (PCC) models. These models describe the variations in the phase center of the antenna as a function of the elevation angle and azimuth. In general, the primary difference between individual and type-mean models lies in their specificity. Individual models are highly precise but are valid only for a particular antenna model, while the type-mean models are more general and can be applied to a broad range of antennas of the same type, but may suffer from a lower level of precision. This paper aims to analyze the comparability of PCV in surveyinggrade GNSS antennas. For the analyses, we propose to use an originally designed bench with precisely defined relative positions of the seven antenna mounting points. Preliminary studies have been performed using GPS observations on L1 and L2 frequencies recorded by seven Topcon HIPER-VR antennas. The results proved that the comparability of PCV for this antenna is high. The position error did not exceed 3 mm. It could be assumed that the type-mean PCC model could describe PCV all antennas of this type with good accuracy.

10

Threats for GNSS – present status & counteractions

Felski Andrzej

Annual of Navigation

|

2024

|

No. 29

16--24

EN

Nowadays, most of the society, especially young people, treat GPS as an obvious source of information, just like television, radio or the Internet. In fact, we are dealing not only with the American system, but also several others that make up Global Navigation Satellite Systems. This is the primary source of situational awareness for many activities: professional, military and business as for everyday use. From crisis actions, by timing and synchronization in critical infrastructures such as financial, communications, power grid and industrial systems, and more. In fact, we can talk about the critically reliant of human life upon GNSS. Like any radio system, GNSS is also susceptible to interference and changes in the ionosphere, however on the turn of the centuries appeared the new, not expected threat in the form of more and more frequent cases of interferences, especially intendent one. If so, appears the question how to recognize this threat and how to proceed in such case? In the paper, some current information about the question, as well as some suggestions how to act on board in such cases will be presented.

11

Positioning using the precision galileo has service

Savchuk S., Grzegorzewski M., Gołda P., Kerker V.

Annual of Navigation

|

2024

|

No. 29

60--68

EN

Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is an augmentation of GNSS that provides users around the world with precise satellite corrections directly via the E6 Galileo signal. Galileo HAS corrections, complemented by the deviations of the Galileo HAS signals, enable the calculation of a very accurate solution in real time. PPP positioning performance results show that the combined Galileo and GPS solution can already achieve the full-service HAS accuracy target. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the benefits of HAS corrections on SPP and PPP for Galileo E1, E5a, E5b and E6, for GPS L1 and L2, and for GPS/Galileo L1/E1. Comparison of emitted HAS patches with final CODE products shows good performance. The impact of HAS on SPP is assessed in terms of mean and root mean square (RMS) errors at horizontal, vertical, and 3D positions.

12

EGNOS performance in several maritime campaigns

Lacarra E., González R., Lopez-Martinez M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2023

|

Vol. 17 No. 4

855--861

EN

This article presents the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) performance observed along several maritime campaigns carried out in European waters with the objective to demonstrate the availability of corrections and the suitability of the accuracy to support maritime navigation. The regions selected correspond to those located in the border area of EGNOS coverage and include the following campaigns: Norwegian coast in 2018, Southwest of Europe in 2018 & 2019, Finnish coast in 2019, Baltic Sea in 2021 and Irish coast in 2022. These results in real maritime environment aim at demonstrating that EGNOS L1 service is suitable to support maritime navigation in ocean waters, coastal waters and harbour entrances/approaches according to the operational requirements defined in the IMO Res. A.1046 (27), being beneficial for maritime community.

13

Zalewski P., Bergmann M., Wawruch R., Weintrit A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2023

|

Vol. 17 No. 4

863--869

EN

In 2020 several member states initiated at IMO forum (NCSR subcommittee) a process to create a single set of generic performance standards consolidating all existing performance standards for shipborne satellite navigation system receiver equipment without creating any new requirements. After over 4 years the resultant generic framework for GNSS/RNSS subsystems has not been adopted yet and awaits further amendments. Analysis of the proposed standards with stress on harmonization issues of the existing, IMO recognized, global and regional navigation satellite systems and the expected impact of these generic standards of satellite navigation receivers on the maritime user are presented in this paper. Additionally the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats awaiting maritime or shipborne GNSS/RNSS equipment standardization process are outlined in the paper.

14

A method and a model for risk assessment of GNSS utilisation with a proof-of-principle demonstration for polar GNSS maritime applications

Malić E., Sikirica N., Špoljar D., Filjar R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2023

|

Vol. 17 No. 1

43--50

EN

The GNSS positioning performance is commonly defined and described in terms unspecified to particular GNSS-based application. The approach causes difficulties to GNSS application developers, operators, and users, rendering the impact assessment of GNSS performance on the GNSS application Quality of Service (QoS) particularly difficult. Here the Probability of Occurrence (PoO) Model is introduced, which allows for a risk assessment of the probability for the GNSS positioning accuracy failure to meet the requirements of the particular GNSS-based application. The proposed PoO Model development procedure requires a large set of position estimation errors observations, which shall cover a range of classes of positioning environment (space weather, troposphere, multi-path etc.) disturbances affecting GNSS positioning accuracy. As result, the PoO Model becomes a tool that returns the probability of failure in meeting the positioning accuracy requirements of the GNSS applications considered, thus providing the input for a GNSS deployment risk assessment. The proposed PoO Model and its development procedure are demonstrated in the case of polar region positioning environment, with raw GNSS pseudorange observations taken at the International GNSS Service (IGS) Network reference station Iqualuit, Canada are used for the PoO Model development. The PoO Model proof-of-principle is then used to estimate the probability of the unmet required positioning accuracy for a number of polar maritime navigation applications. Manuscript concludes with a discussion of the PoO Model benefits and shortcomings, a summary of contribution, and intentions for the future research.

15

Time-frequency analysis of differences between coordinates of three permanent GNSS stations in Krakow

Kosek Wiesław, Siejka Zbigniew

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

|

2023

|

Vol. 116

61--68

EN

This paper applies time-frequency analysis to a 3-day time series with a sampling interval of 1 second of the changes in E, N and H coordinates of three permanent GNSS stations: WRON, KR10, and KRUR in Krakow, as well as differences between them. Time-frequency analysis was conducted using a Fourier transform band-pass filter, which separates time series into frequency components. By analyzing the differences between these coordinates, it was observed that the WRON station shows a systematic error in the form of a regular wideband oscillation with a period of 75 minutes, whose amplitude varies from approximately 1 to 3 mm with a period of about 1 day. In the horizontal plane, this oscillation takes the shape of a flattened ellipse with a semi-major axis oriented in the northwest direction. The most probable cause of this regular oscillation is the day-to-day variability of the multipath signal environment.

16

Monitoring of Icelandic plate movement with GNSS method and GPS signal jamming effects in Iceland

Pırtı Atınç, Hoşbaş Ramazan Gürsel, Yücel Mehmet Ali

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

|

2023

|

Vol. 116

15--22

EN

Jamming is electromagnetic radiation or reflection that impairs the function of electronic instruments and equipment or communication tools. Intentionally disrupting or interfering with GPS signals, which are used for positioning, navigation, and timing, known as "GPS jamming", is accomplished using a radio frequency emitting device. On January 8, 2022 (the day of a NATO exercise), it was investigated how GPS signal jamming affected the position accuracy at three IGS points in Iceland. The obtained coordinate differences between kinematic processing and static processing reached values of about 0.5-10 meters for the MAYV, and HOFN stations in this study. In addition to GPS signal jamming effect in Iceland, horizontal and vertical velocity fields of the three IGS stations in Iceland covering a twenty-two year period (2000-2022) in this study. According to the obtained results, a motion of about 2cm-2.5cm per year (horizontal) and 0.1cm-2.1cm per year (vertical) was computed at the three IGS stations (HOFN, REYK, and MAYV) located in Iceland.

17

Korona gór Polski - geodezyjny pomiar Tatr

Sośnica Krzysztof, Strugarek Dariusz, Kaźmierski Kamil, Kaczmarek Adrian, Mikoś Marcin, Gałdyn Filip, Nowak Adrian, Porucznik Sylwia, Najder Joanna

Przegląd Geodezyjny

|

2023

|

R. 95, nr 7

11--14

PL

Latem 2022 roku odbyła się kampania pomiarowa w Tatrach Wysokich i Zachodnich mająca na celu poznanie precyzyjnej wysokości szczytów i przełęczy najwyższych gór Polski. Pomiary GNSS oparte o system ASG-EUPOS wraz z nowym modelem quasi-geoidy dla Polski opracowanym przez Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu pozwoliły na wyznaczenie dotychczas najdokładniejszych wysokości głównych szczytów i przełęczy – wszędzie tam, gdzie przeprowadzenie niwelacji precyzyjnej nie jest możliwe. Wyniki pomiarów zostały udostępnione w krajowym Geoportalu przez Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii w dedykowanej usłudze „Wykaz szczytów” w grupie warstw „Rzeźba terenu” w marcu 2023 roku. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje okoliczności przeprowadzenia pomiarów geodezyjnych w Tatrach Wysokich i Zachodnich wraz z wykazem wysokości szczytów górskich i przełęczy z omówieniem tych, dla których stwierdzono największe rozbieżności względem wartości przyjmowanych dotychczas.

EN

In the summer of 2022, a measurement campaign was held in the High and Western Tatras in order to find out the correct height of the peaks and passes of the highest mountains in Poland. GNSS measurements based on the ASG-EUPOS system, together with a new quasi-geoid model for Poland developed by the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, allowed us to determine the most accurate heights of the main peaks and passes so far - wherever precise leveling is impossible. The measurement results were made available in the national Geoportal by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography in the dedicated service "List of peaks" in the group of layers "Relief" in March 2023. This article describes the backstage of geodetic measurements in the High and Western Tatras, along with a list of the heights of mountain peaks and passes with a discussion of those where the greatest discrepancies were found in relation to the previously accepted values.

18

GENESIS: integracja technik geodezji satelitarnej w przestrzeni kosmicznej

Nowak Adrian, Sośnica Krzysztof

Przegląd Geodezyjny

|

2023

|

R. 95, nr 4

21--23

PL

W 2022 roku Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna podjęła decyzję o sfinansowaniu GENESIS - pierwszej misji satelitarnej dedykowanej w całości geodezji. Misja ta będzie posiadała na pokładzie instrumenty do łączenia czterech technik geodezyjnych, które zostaną skorygowane względem siebie za pomocą starannie skalibrowanych centrów fazowych celem wyznaczenia wektorów wiążących w przestrzeni kosmicznej (ang. space ties). Integracja różnych technik geodezyjnych w przestrzeni kosmicznej pozwoli na rozwiązanie problemów związanych z niespójnościami i błędami pomiędzy nimi, a także otworzy nowe możliwości realizacji układów odniesienia. Dzięki temu społeczność naukowa zbliży się do wypełnienia celów Globalnego Geodezyjnego Systemu Obserwacyjnego, czyli dokładności układów geodezyjnych na poziomie 1 mm oraz ich stabilności w czasie o wartości nieprzekraczającej 0.1 mm/rok. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje nowości technologiczne misji GENESIS oraz ich znaczenie w realizacji globalnych ziemskich układów odniesienia w kontekście różnic względem dotychczasowych rozwiązań.

EN

In 2022, the European Space Agency has decided to fund GENESIS, the first satellite mission dedicated entirely to geodesy. The mission will have instruments onboard to integrate four geodetic techniques, which will be corrected against each other using carefully calibrated phase centers to determine space ties. The integration of different space geodetic techniques will resolve inconsistencies and errors between them, and open up new possibilities for realizing reference frames. As a result, the scientific community will come closer to realizing the goals of the Global Geodetic Observing System, i.e. the accuracy of geodetic frames at the level of 1 mm and their temporal stability of no more than 0.1 mm/year. This article describes the technological innovations of the GENESIS mission and their significance in the realization of the global terrestrial reference frames in the context of their differences from existing solutions.

19

Establishing the Vertical Movement Map of Cuu Long Delta River by GNSS Data

Nguyen Gia Trong, Nguyen Viet Nghia, Ly Lam Ha, Vu Trung Dung, Nguyen Quoc Long, Kim Thi Thu Huong, Pham Ngoc Quang, Nguyen Viet Quan

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 1

173--177

EN

Mekong Delta is an area with an important position in the socio-economic development of Vietnam. However, due to the impact of climate change as well as of the construction of hydroelectric dams in the upstream of the Mekong River in recent years, saline intrusion and flooding have been occurred because of high tide. According to published researches, the Mekong Delta is being experienced surface subsidence with a rate of up to centimeters per year, that exacerbates the impact of saline intrusion and flooding. Thus, studying to establish the surface subsidence map is an urgent need in this site. There are many of technologies to create the vertical movement map such as: Levelling, INSAR, GNSS, etc. Up to now, there are no scientific reports on the application of GNSS to monitor the vertical movement in this area. In this paper, the authors have calculated the largest vertical displacement velocity up to 3cm/year based on processing GNSS observations of nearly 20 GNSS monitoring station in the area using Bernese software. From these results, the research team has made the vertical movement map of Mekong, Vietnam.

20

A System for Monitoring the Position of Brown Coal Bucket-Whell Excavators and their Operational Safety

Sladek Vit, Dejl Stanislav, Kapica Roman, Vrublova Dana, Bauer Roman

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 2

69--78

EN

The purpose of the system for real-time tracking of mining excavator and loader positions is to improve the management and control of brown coal mining in opencast mines and to improve work safety. The system calculates the wheel excavator position using data from GNSS equipment installed on the giant mining machines, inclinometers and inertial measurement units located on each mining machine. Data are transmitted from the machines and stored in databases on servers. Visualization of the wheel excavator movement in real time is performed in software products of KVASoftware s.r.o., which enables work with a digital terrain model, geology of the deposit and overburden, including objects impairing safety work. The article describes the procedure of data preparation and setting up the whole system in different levels of KVASoftvare s.r.o. software products. It also describes in detail its use with regard to the safety of work in heavy mining operations, specifically in areas affected by underground mining or areas dangerous due to the occurrence of tectonic deformations in the overburden and in the seam.

PL

Celem systemu śledzenia w czasie rzeczywistym pozycji koparek i ładowarek górniczych jest usprawnienie zarządzania i kontroli wydobycia węgla brunatnego w kopalniach odkrywkowych oraz poprawa bezpieczeństwa pracy. System oblicza położenie koparki kołowej wykorzystując dane z urządzeń GNSS zainstalowanych na gigantycznych maszynach górniczych, inklinometrów oraz inercyjnych jednostek pomiarowych znajdujących się na każdej maszynie górniczej. Dane przesyłane są z maszyn i przechowywane w bazach danych na serwerach. Wizualizacja ruchu koparki kołowej w czasie rzeczywistym realizowana jest w oprogramowaniu firmy KVASoftware s.r.o., które umożliwia pracę z cyfrowym modelem terenu, geologią złoża i nadkładu, w tym obiektami zagrażającymi bezpieczeństwu pracy. W artykule opisano procedurę przygotowania danych i konfiguracji całego systemu na różnych poziomach KVASoftvare s.r.o. produkty oprogramowania. Szczegółowo opisano także jego zastosowanie ze względu na bezpieczeństwo pracy w ciężkiej eksploatacji górniczej, szczególnie na terenach objętych eksploatacją podziemną lub na terenach niebezpiecznych ze względu na występowanie deformacji tektonicznych w nadkładzie i w pokładzie.