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1

The relationship between risk and the cost of equity in the context of sensitivity of beta coefficient - comparative study for the largest companies listed on Warsaw and Frankfurt Stock Exchange

Gnap Michał, Turek-Radwan Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 218

217--235

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the article is to examine the stability of the beta parameter for the largest companies listed on the Warsaw and Frankfurt Stock Exchanges. Design/methodology/approach: The study is a comparative analysis. The hypothesis is subjected to statistical verification, stating that beta parameters are stable. The estimation of beta parameters is carried out using the least squares method and a simple rate of return in the period 2005-2021, while the verification of the stability hypothesis is carried out based on Jarque-Bera test, Breusch-Pagan test, and t-Student test. Findings: The presented research results indicate that for companies listed on the WSE, along with the extension of the period of measuring the frequency of rates of return, the beta parameter is characterized by a lower level of sensitivity. This is probably due to the greater amplitude of fluctuations in the rate of return with increasing the frequency of measurement. Practical implications: In the company's finances, the beta parameter plays a key role in measuring investment risk. Since its introduction, it has been subjected to numerous empirical studies and analyses in both developing and highly developed markets. A positive phenomenon is the insensitivity of the beta parameter to the change in the rate of return of the stock market index for the monthly measurement of the rate of return in the case of companies with the largest capitalization on the Polish stock market. Originality/value: In Poland, research is carried out on the properties of the beta parameter, however, there is no research on its comparability to the economies of countries where the capital market is highly developed.

2

Znaczenie wartości współczynników DOP w pomiarach RTN

Uznański Andrzej

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2025

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R. 97, nr 7

15--21

PL

Aktualnie najpopularniejszą techniką pomiarową wśród geodetów są satelitarne pomiary RTN, gdyż można je wykonać jednoosobowo, łatwo i bardzo szybko. Jednakże prostota realizacji pomiaru idzie w parze z bardzo zaawansowanymi algorytmami przetwarzania obserwacji, które muszą obliczyć pozycję nawet w ułamku sekundy na podstawie sygnałów, które pokonały ok. 20 tysięcy kilometrów. W praktyce podstawowym problemem jest realna ocena dokładności i wiarygodności wyników pomiarów RTN. Chyba każdy często wykonujący pomiary RTN spotkał się z sytuacją, że mimo zinicjalizowanego odbiornika zdarzały się w opracowaniu wyniki pomiarów RTN obarczone dużymi błędami. Na ekranie kontrolera zawsze wyświetlana jest informacja o inicjalizacji odbiornika satelitarnego, tzw. potocznie „fix” oraz parametr jakości wyniku w metrach i najczęściej także najpopularniejszy akronim pomiarów satelitarnych, czyli bezwymiarowy współczynnik GDOP lub PDOP. Na podstawie wartości tych parametrów geodeta musi podjąć decyzję o akceptacji wyniku pomiaru RTN lub jego odrzuceniu i powtórzeniu pomiaru. Celem pracy była praktyczna weryfikacja, czy istnieje korelacja między wartościami współczynników DOP a dokładnością współrzędnych wyznaczanych z pomiarów RTN? Jak istotne znaczenie ma wartość współczynnika DOP w trakcie pomiaru RTN na dokładność jego wyniku? Dysponując bazą testową w publikacji poruszono także aspekt dokładności wyników pomiarów RTN.

EN

Currently, the most popular measurement technique among surveyors is satellite RTN measurements, as they can be carried out by a single person, easily and very quickly. The simplicity of measurement implementation, however, is accompanied by highly advanced observation processing algorithms, which must calculate the position even in a fraction of a second based on signals that have traveled approximately 20,000 kilometers. In practice, the main problem is the real assessment of the accuracy and reliability of RTN measurement results. Almost everyone who frequently performs RTN measurements has encountered situations where, despite initializing the satellite receiver, the RTN measurement results were burdened with significant errors during processing. The controller screen always displays information about the initialization of the satellite receiver, commonly known as "fix," as well as the quality parameter of the result in meters and most often the most popular acronym for satellite measurements, the dimensionless GDOP or PDOP coefficient. Based on the values of these parameters, the surveyor must decide whether to accept the RTN measurement result or reject it and repeat the measurement. The aim of the study was to practically verify whether there is a correlation between DOP coefficient values and the accuracy of coordinates determined from RTN measurements. How significant is the DOP coefficient value during RTN measurement for the accuracy of its result? Using a test database, the publication also addressed the aspect of the accuracy of RTN measurement results.

3

The relationship between the type of structure and the number of construction disasters

Mikołajczyk Jarosław

Mebutra

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2025

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No. 3

30--43

EN

This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between the type of construction and the number of construction disasters. One of the key elements which have an impact on the course and consequences of such events is the type of building structure. The type of applied construction determines how the building responds to various loads, including those caused by environmental factors, design and construction errors, as well as sudden and unforeseen events. Understanding how different types of structures affect building safety allows for better design and construction decisions which shall ultimately contribute to increasing the safety of people using these buildings and minimizing the risk of building disasters. In this paper, the following types of building structures were distinguished: brick, wooden, steel, prefabricated reinforced concrete, monolithic reinforced concrete and other (e.g. mixed). One can notice that, in quantitative terms, the biggest number of construction disasters in the discussed period concerned brick structures but only because their number is the greatest at present, and not because they are the most susceptible to disasters. The lowest number of construction disasters occurred in monolithic reinforced concrete structures because this type of structure is the smallest in number, it is the most expensive and has the highest strength coefficient. The calculated correlation value between the total number of construction disasters and the number of construction disasters of monolithic reinforced concrete structures practically proves the lack of relationship between the above mentioned variables. However, the calculated correlation value between the total number of construction disasters and the number of construction disasters of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures indicates a moderate correlation between the above mentioned variables and takes a negative value. However, there is a very high correlation between the total number of construction disasters and the number of construction disasters of mixed buildings (Pearson at the level of 0.80; Spearman at the level of 0.74), which means that these variables are dependent on each other. The highest correlation values were obtained for the number of disasters of brick objects and for wooden structures. The dependencies are practically functional, i.e. the number of construction disasters involving brick and wooden structures strongly depends on the total number of construction disasters.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono określenie zależności między rodzajem konstrukcji, a liczbą katastrof budowlanych. Jednym z kluczowych czynników wpływających na przebieg i skutki takich zdarzeń jak katastrofy budowlane jest rodzaj konstrukcji budynku. Rodzaj zastosowanej konstrukcji determinuje, w jaki sposób budynek reaguje na różnorodne obciążenia, w tym spowodowane czynnikami środowiskowymi, błędami projektowymi, wykonawczymi, a także nagłymi i nieprzewidzianymi zdarzeniami. Zrozumienie, jak różne typy konstrukcji wpływają na bezpieczeństwo budynków, pozwala na podejmowanie lepszych decyzji projektowych i konstrukcyjnych, co w efekcie przyczynia się do zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa użytkowników budynków oraz minimalizacji ryzyka katastrof budowlanych. W niniejszej pracy wyróżniono następujące rodzaje konstrukcji budowlanych: murowane, drewniane, stalowe, żelbetowe prefabrykowane, żelbetowe monolityczne, inne (np. mieszane). W pracy zauważono, że pod względem ilościowym najwięcej katastrof budowlanych w omawianym okresie czasu dotyczyło obiektów murowanych, ale tylko dlatego, że obecnie jest ich najwięcej, a nie dlatego, że są najbardziej podatne na katastrofy. Najmniej katastrof budowlanych dotyczyło konstrukcji żelbetowych monolitycznych, ponieważ jest ich ilościowo najmniej, są najbardziej kosztowne oraz mają najwyższy współczynnik wytrzymałości. Obliczona wartość korelacji pomiędzy całkowita liczbą katastrof budowlanych, a liczbą katastrof budowlanych obiektów żelbetowych monolitycznych świadczy praktycznie o braku zależności między w/w zmiennymi. Natomiast obliczona wartość korelacji pomiędzy całkowita liczbą katastrof budowlanych, a liczbą katastrof budowlanych obiektów żelbetowych prefabrykowanych świadczy o umiarkowanej korelacji między w/w zmiennymi i przyjmuje wartość ujemną. Natomiast występuje bardzo duża wartość korelacji między całkowitą liczba katastrof budowlanych, a liczba katastrof budowlanych obiektów mieszanych (Pearson na poziomie 0,8; Spearman na poziomie 0,74), czyli te zmienne są od siebie zależne. Największe wartości korelacji otrzymano dla katastrof obiektów murowanych oraz dla obiektów drewnianych. Zależności są wręcz funkcyjne, czyli liczby katastrof obiektów murowanych i obiektów drewnianych silnie zależą od całkowitej liczby katastrof budowlanych.

4

The correlation between the population and number of construction disasters

Mikołajczyk Jarosław

Mebutra

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2025

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No. 3

44--55

5

Determining the correlation between the number of construction disasters and the number of people injured

Mikołajczyk Jarosław

Mebutra

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2025

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No. 4

108--121

EN

The paper presents the results of mathematical analysis between the number of construction disasters and the number of casualties (injured and killed) in these disasters. Observation was made concluding that there is a significant relationship between the numer of people killed and the number of people injured, and this relationship is functional, thus its formula was made. Statistically, the more people are injured, the more people are killed as a result of these construction disasters, which has also been proven.

6

The correlation between microplastics characteristics and sediment grain size to microplastics accumulation in coral reef sediment in Gede Island, Rembang, Indonesia

Widiaratih Rikha, Sulhana Baiq Lista Azkia, Putranto Ari Bawono, Maslukah Lilik, Ismanto Aris, Ayuningrum Diah, Hadibarata Tony, Satya Eridhani Dharma

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 3

200--212

EN

In general, microplastics (MPs) have been identified at higher concentrations in marine sediments than in seawater. This is attributed to the trapping effect of sediments on MPs. MPs in the ocean undergo a sinking process, ultimately accumulating in marine sediments. MPs have been identified as a significant threat to marine biodiversity, particularly in coral reef habitats, due to their potential carcinogenic effects. This study examines the correlation between MPs characteristics – specifically, size and shape – and sediment grain size with MPs abundance in adjacent coral reef sediments in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. To achieve this, Pearson’s correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were employed. The findings indicate that most MPs are concentrated in nearshore regions near anthropogenic sources. Moreover, the correlation based on Pearsons was found to be particularly significant for MPs size, shape, and grain size, with values of 0.84, 0.754, and 0.431, respectively. The PCA result demonstrates that the greater the abundance of MPs in the sediment, particularly those that are MPs smaller in size and compact shape, such as fragments and pellets, the greater the likelihood of their sinking and infiltration into the sediment. This finding highlights the crucial role of MPs size and shape in tight relationship to their density in determining the rate of sinking and infiltration of MPs into the sediment

7

FPGA implementation of normalized correlation function

Mroczek Krzysztof

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2025

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Vol. 71, No. 3

20

EN

Correlation analysis is a frequently used tool in signal detection and classification tasks. This paper presents the design and FPGA implementations of a hardware module for calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. This module is designed for use in signal template matching, where a measurement signal is correlated with a template. It has been described in Verilog and implemented on Intel Cyclone V FPGA. The module consists of two main parts, which are: a correlation filter and normalization modules. Correlation filters performing the calculation in the time domain and in the frequency domain are described. The project has been verified in simulation using ModelSim and checked on hardware. As a result of this work, hardware IP cores are developed enabling parametrization and programming in data word-lengths, filter size, calculation speed, FFT/IFFT size, length, and number of processing templates. Developed resources are intended to be used in FPGA-based hardware, e.g. DAQ systems, working with sampling frequencies from kHz to above 130 MHz.

8

The correlation between the fluid injection pressure and the unit fluid injection quantity during hydraulic fracturing

Ren Fake, Wang Chongyang, Pan Yisha

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 70, no. 2

331--354

EN

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology has been widely used in the coal mining industry. This technology can effectively increase the permeability coefficient of low-permeability coal seams, thereby enhancing the gas drainage efficiency and increasing the safety of coal mining. To study the correlation between the fluid injection pressure (FIP) and the unit fluid injection quantity (UFIQ) during hydraulic fracturing and considering the limitations of laboratory and numerical simulation methods, this study employs a field engineering experiment at the 1703 mining working face of Jin’zhong Coal Mine in Sichuan Province as the test site. Through the monitoring and analysis of the FIP and the UFIQ during the whole HF process of coal seam drilling, it is found that there is a certain correlation between the FIP and the UFIQ, the FIP will appear obvious “decreases-recovery” phenomenon when the coal cracks and cracks propagation. And in this process, the UFIQ will appear the corresponding “rise-recovery” phenomenon. At the same time, the fracturing process is divided into three stages according to the variation law of UFIQ in the HF process: liquid filling stage, energy storage and coal cracking cycle stage, and stop cracking stage. In addition, through the arrangement of holes stress gauges around the fracturing hole, it is found that the transfer of disturbance stress formed in the coal mass due to HF behavior is mainly attenuation, and its change stage in the whole HF process is mainly divided into the original stress stage, the stress response stage, and the stress stabilization stage. These results inform the design and optimization of fracturing parameters in hydraulic fracturing processes and aid in understanding the mechanisms of earthquake induction by HF.

9

Assessment of the relationship between the occurrence of CSR instruments and industry 4.0 pillars in manufacturing companies in Poland

Skórnóg Damian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 195

531--543

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) instruments used and the implemented pillars of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review, survey questionnaire research, correlation analysis. Findings: The article describes the correlations between the CSR instruments used and the implemented Pillars of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies in Poland, based on the research conducted using a survey questionnaire. Subjecting the results of the questionnaires, to correlation analysis, made it possible to isolate the most strongly correlated pairs of variables, juxtaposing CSR Instruments and Industry 4.0 Pillars. The overall level of correlation is not at a very high level, which may indicate a moderate or differentiated relationship between CSR and Industry 4.0 Pillars. Despite such results, it was possible to observe distinctive pairs of variables that significantly stand out from the others. These include pairs such as Socially Engaged - Incremental Manufacturing, Investment in Ecology - Cybersecurity and Eco-labeling - Big Data. Despite the existing limitations, the area of research presented in the paper can inspire further research to identify the relationship between CSR and Industry 4.0. Originality/value: An assessment of the relationship between the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) instruments used and the implemented pillars of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies in Poland, which may inspire further research in this area.

10

A new approach to the accelerated method for assessing the alkali reactivity of domestic aggregates

Zapała-Sławeta Justyna, Zięba Kamil

Structure and Environment

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2024

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Vol. 16, no. 3

166--173

EN

In Poland, the prevailing protocols for examining the alkali reactivity of aggregates are based on indirect methodologies such as petrographic appraisal, in addition to direct methodologies including the measurement of expansion in mortar and concrete specimens containing the aggregate under investigation. The available research methods exhibit certain deficiencies, which have been mitigated under the experimental conditions delineated in the novel accelerated approach for ascertaining the reactivity of aggregates, otherwise known as the MCPT - Miniature Concrete Prism Test. The methodology of MCPT has the potential to become an alternative for the existing procedures of quality assessment for both fine and coarse aggregates. This work presents the assessment results of the alkaline reactivity of indigenous fine quartz aggregate, examined in accordance with the protocols established by the Polish General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways along together the novel, expedited MCPT methodology.

PL

Obecnie stosowane w Polsce procedury badania reaktywności alkalicznej kruszyw oparte są na metodach pośrednich, takich jak ocena petrograficzna oraz metodach bezpośrednich, polegających na określaniu ekspansji próbek zapraw i betonów z badanym kruszywem. Dostępne metody badawcze wykazują pewne wady, które zostały ograniczone w warunkach badawczych ustalonych w nowej przyspieszonej metodzie określania reaktywności kruszyw, tzw. MCPT - Miniature Concrete Prism Test. Metoda MCPT może stać się alternatywą dla obecnego testowania jakości kruszyw drobnych i grubych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oceny reaktywności alkalicznej krajowego drobnego kruszywa kwarcowego, badanego zgodnie z procedurami Generalnej Dyrekcji Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad oraz nowej przyspieszonej metody MCPT.

11

Współczesne zmiany zlodzenia Bałtyku a cyrkulacja atmosferyczna

Kożuchowski Krzysztof, Wibig Joanna

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2024

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Z. 3-4

87--113

PL

W artykule przedstawiono szereg statystyk odzwierciedlających znaczącą redukcję zlodzenia Bałtyku po 1988 roku. Średnia wartość maksymalnych rocznych wielkości zlodzenia (MIE) zmniejszyła się o ponad 1/3 w porównaniu ze średnią z poprzednich lat. Powstał „nowy”, leptokurtyczny rozkład częstości wskaźnika zlodzenia, uwidaczniający koncentrację wskaźnika MIE w pobliżu niskich wartości i niewielką jego zmienność. Zmalały, bądź w ogóle zanikły przypadki występowania całkowitego lub bliskiego całkowitemu zlodzenia morza. Udokumentowano ponadto istotny wpływ strefowej cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na wielkość zlodzenia. Wraz ze wzrostem indeksu NAO i wzrostem frekwencji makroform cyrkulacji strefowej W zmniejsza się zlodzenie Bałtyku. Wskaźnik zlodzenia MIE koreluje ze zmianami wskaźników cyrkulacji strefowej, wykazuje też istotną zbieżność z charakterem jej zmian z roku na rok, tj. wzrostom intensywności cyrkulacji strefowej w większości przypadków odpowiadają spadki wielkości zlodzenia i odwrotnie – wraz z osłabieniem cyrkulacji strefowej w tym samym roku następują przyrosty zlodzenia. Zmiany z roku na rok MIE i NAO charakteryzuje znacząca negatywna zbieżność. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano pogląd, że przemiany warunków cyrkulacyjnych nad Atlantykiem Północnym i Europą w XX/XXI wieku, w tym rozwój Bruzdy Barentso-Karskiej, odzwierciedlają tendencję, według której cały system stref cyrkulacyjnych przemieszcza się ku północy zgodnie z oczekiwanymi skutkami globalnego ocieplenia klimatu.

EN

The article presents several statistics reflecting a significant reduction in the ice cover of the Baltic Sea after 1988. The average value of maximum annual ice amounts (MIE) decreased by more than 1/3 compared to the average of previous years. A „new”, leptokurtic distribution of the frequency of the ice index was created, revealing the concentration of the MIE index near low values and its small variability, and the occurrence of ice close to the state of complete sea ice cover decreased or disappeared altogether. A significant impact of zonal atmospheric circulation on the amount of ice cover has been documented. As the NAO index increases and the frequency of W zonal circulation macroforms increases, the ice cover of the Baltic Sea decreases. The MIE icing index correlates with changes in the zonal circulation indices, and also shows significant convergence with the nature of its changes from year to year – increases in the intensity of zonal circulation in most cases corresponds to decreases in the amount of ice, and vice versa – as the zonal circulation weakens in the same year, there are increases in icing. Year-to-year changes in MIE and NAO are characterized by significant negative convergence. The study presents the view that changes in circulation conditions over the North Atlantic and Europe in the 20th/21st century, including the development of the Barents-Kara Trough, reflect the tendency according to which the entire system of circulation zones is moving northwards, in line with the expected effects of global climate warming.

12

Diverse copulas through Durante’s method : exploring parametric functions

Chesneau Christophe

Operations Research and Decisions

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2024

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Vol. 34, No. 3

61--86

EN

This article unveils the often underestimated potential of a copula methodology introduced by Durante in 2009. It highlights the remarkable ability of the method to generate a broad spectrum of copulas by exploiting various parametric functions. We determine a collection of power-like, exponential-like, trigonometric-like, logarithmic-like, hyperbolic-like and error-like functions, each dependent on one, two, or three parameters, effectively satisfying the necessary assumptions of Durante’s method. The proofs provided rely on suitable differentiation, comprehensive factorizations, and judicious application of mathematical inequalities. In the vast repertoire of copulas derived from this methodology, we present three distinct series of eight new copulas, supported by a graphical analysis of their respective densities. This theoretical study expands the understanding of copula generation and also introduces a new perspective on their construction in various contexts.

13

Radio Altimeter with J-correlation Signal Processing

Sorochan Anatolii, Pawęska Marcin, Kharchenko Volodymyr

Logistics and Transport

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2024

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Vol. 61-62, No. 1-2

115--123

EN

A new approach to the construction of a radio altimeter based on J-correlation processing is proposed. Its operation is based on the transformation of the modulation index of the probing signal into a functionally dependent on the space-time delay. The structural scheme of the device is given, and the signal processing of the device is analyzed. The characteristic of the altitude meter is obtained. For the radio altitude meter of low altitudes (1500 m) the FM signal modulated by a single-tone harmonic oscillation with the following parameters is used: modulating frequency 70 kHz; width of the signal spectrum not more than 1 MHz, measurement accuracy not worse than 0.15 meters.

14

Genetic analysis of Vicia faba L. : advancements, hereditary traits, and correlations in ‘Sakha 3’ × ‘Nubaria 3’

Ahmed Barakat H., Yousef Ahmed F., Hemada Said Sh., Lamlom Sobhi F., Ali Muhammad M., Sakr Hatem G., Kalaji Hazem M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 62

106--114

EN

Genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance are crucial considerations in the field of plant breeding. This research aimed to evaluate these factors for traits related to yield in faba bean (Vicia faba L.), specifically focusing on the F3 and F4 generations resulting from the cross between ‘Sakha 3’ and ‘Nubaria 3’. In the initial season (2021/ 2022), 200 families from each F3 population were cultivated with specific spacing, and selection criteria included seed yield per plant (SYP) and the number of pods per plant (NPP). Top-performing plants were identified for the second cycle of pedigree selection. In the following season (2022/2023), the F4 families were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Traits like the number of branches per plant (NBP), NPP, SYP, and seed index (SI) showed substantial phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, indicating their noteworthy variation. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation analyses showed positive associations between SYP and the NBP and NPP. Additionally, path coefficient analysis indicated that these traits had high positive direct effects on SYP. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic variability, heritability, and selection parameters for yield-related traits in faba bean, offering a foundation for future breeding programs aimed at improving yield and productivity.

15

Investigation of the Formation of Productive Moisture Reserves in the Thickness of Chernozem under the Forest-Steppe Conditions

Bulgakov Volodymyr, Gadzalo Iaroslav, Demydenko Olexander, Rucins Adolfs, Kiernicki Zbigniew, Holovach Ivan, Trokhaniak Oleksandra, Tkachuk Vadym

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

224--238

EN

In this research paper analysis of the dynamics of the moisture content of the soil layer of chernozem and the accumulation of productive moisture reserves in its thickness was carried out, based on a set of data from 1947 to 2022. The change in the moisture regime within the periodically leaching water regime of the central part of the Left Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine has been analyzed. The analysis was performed under the crops: winter wheat, spring barley, corn for grain and silage, sugar beet, sunflower in crop rotations of various types to a depth of 0–100 cm to 0–300 cm. The purpose of the research was to establish the features of the formation of reserves of productive moisture in the chernozem thickness in a seasonal dimension upon the dynamics of climatic parameters against the background of their intra century climatic variability for the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The generally accepted research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical and comparative calculation. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In order to form a non-flushing humidification regime, it is necessary to accumulate 117–135 mm in the thickness of 0–100 cm, which will correspond to a reserve in the thickness of 0–200 cm – 117–167 mm. For periodic flushing water regime 160–165 mm of moisture should be accumulated in the 0–100 cm thickness, which will provide a moisture reserve of 300 mm in the 0–200 cm thickness. The flushing water regime is formed with a moisture reserve in the thickness of 0–100 cm in the amount of 175mm, which provides a moisture reserve in the thicknesses of 0–150 cm and 0–200 cm – 250 mm and 315 mm, which corresponds to the reserve of NV-VRK, and the thickness of 0–300 cm is saturated with moisture in an amount of more than 400 mm (HB-VK). Calculation of the paired correlation coefficients showed that an inverse strong correlation (R > –0.70) was found between the amount of precipitation for November – March and the supply of moisture to the meter layer of soil (R > –0.70), and the consumption of moisture from the soil for April – July correlated with the precipitation for November – March at the level of direct strong correlation (R ≥ 0.70). The relationship with the moisture consumption from the moisture potential for April – August was at the level of an inverse strong correlation (R< 0.70), i.e. the higher the amount of precipitation during the autumn-winter-spring period (cold period), the less moisture is recorded in a meter-thick layer, the greater its consumption in April-July from the soil and the smaller consumption of moisture potential in April-August. The zone of the central Forest-Steppe is characterized by a periodically leaching water regime, when an average of 165 mm of moisture accumulates in a meter-thick chernozem, and therefore gravitates towards the values of the moisture reserve in the non-flushing water regime, which exceeds its value by 25mm, which is a stable trend of aridization of soil conditions in spring period. The conditions of moistening chernozems, formed in a long-term time interval under the present climatic conditions of the central part of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, cannot be shifted under the influence of agrotechnical influences beyond the parameters of the non-leaching or periodically leaching water conditions in the agrocenosis. There is manifested the process of the self-regulation stability of the Forest-Steppe zone against active aridization and the “attack” of the Steppe on the Forest-Steppe.

16

Effect of Guano Fertilisation on Yield and Some Quality Traits of Perennial Ryegrass Biomass

Możdżer Ewa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

212--222

EN

Due to the lack of conclusive articles on the effect of guano, which is classified as a natural fertiliser, an experiment was conducted to evaluate its effect on the yield and quality of perennial ryegrass of the Rela variety. The guano used in the experiment contained significant concentrations in g·kg-1 DM of nitrogen (23.1), phosphorus (9.52) and magnesium (2.90). The concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the applicable standards in organic fertilisers. The total content of N and P in guano was higher relative to K, and Mg and Ca were similar. The concentration of N and Mg in guano is comparable to the content of these elements in poultry manure. The guano reaction was slightly acidic (5.86). The fertiliser value of guano was assessed in a vegetation-weed two-factor experiment. The test scheme included control, guano and guano with ammonium nitrate applied at three doses. The dry biomass yield of perennial ryegrass from individual cuts varied considerably. The objects with applied guano and guano with ammonium nitrate increased the average yield of perennial ryegrass from cut 1 by 102.9% compared to the control object. Applied guano fertilisation significantly increased the sum of perennial ryegrass yield from three cuts. As a result of the applied fertilisation, there was an increase in N, P and Ca content in perennial ryegrass, while K and Mg content increased to a negligible extent and thus contributed to optimal ionic ratios of Ca:P and K:(Ca+Mg). In contrast, the ionic ratio K:Mg deviated significantly from the optimal values for plants. The application of guano and guano with ammonium nitrate influenced the positive correlation between N and Ca content and the obtained yield of perennial ryegrass.

17

Polarization-correlation mapping of microscopic images of biological tissues of different morphological structure

Kozan Nataliia, Saleha Oleksandr, Dubolazov Olexander, Ushenko Yuriy, Soltys Irina, Ushenko Oleksandr, Olar Oleksandr, Paliy Victor, Smailova Saule

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2024

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T. 14, nr 3

86--90

EN

The results of polarization-correlation mapping of the fourth parameter of the two-point Stokes vector of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues with different architectonics of the optically anisotropic polycrystalline component are presented. The coordinate distributions of randomly generated values representing the modulus of the fourth parameter of the polarization-correlation vector from microscopic images of histological sections of fibrillar tissues (such as skin dermis) and parenchymal tissues (like spleen) have been replicated. The statistical analysis results of algorithmically generated coordinate distributions of random values representing the modulus of the fourth parameter of the polarization-correlation vector from microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues with varying morphological structures are provided.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki mapowania polaryzacyjno-korelacyjnego czwartego parametru dwupunktowego wektora Stokesa z obrazów mikroskopowych przekrojów histologicznych tkanek biologicznych o różnej architekturze optycznie anizotropowego składnika polikrystalicznego. Odtworzono rozkłady współrzędnych losowo generowanych wartości reprezentujących moduł czwartego parametru wektora korelacji polaryzacji z obrazów mikroskopowych przekrojów histologicznych tkanek włóknistych (takich jak skóra właściwa) i tkanek miąższowych (takich jak śledziona). Przedstawiono wyniki analizy statystycznej algorytmicznie wygenerowanych rozkładów współrzędnych losowych wartości reprezentujących moduł czwartego parametru wektora korelacji polaryzacji z obrazów mikroskopowych przekrojów histologicznych tkanek biologicznych o różnej strukturze morfologicznej.

18

Differential Mueller-matrix mapping of the polycrystalline component of biological tissues of human organs

Padure Andrei, Bakun Oksana, Mikirin Ivan, Dubolazov Alexander, Soltys Iryna, Olar Oleksandr

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2024

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T. 14, nr 4

23--27

EN

The article presents the materials of diagnostic application of the method of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of optically anisotropic architectonics of the layers of soft matter of the female reproductive sphere –histological sections of uterine biopsy. The efficiency and accuracyof differential diagnostics of benign and precancerous conditions of endometrial tissue are considered using statistical analysis of algorithmically reproduced maps of average values of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameters of optically anisotropic architectonics of representative samples of native histological sections of the uterine wall. The values of the balanced accuracy of differential diagnostics are presented by usingthe technique of statistical analysis of coordinate distributions of the mean values of the optical anisotropy parameters.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono materiały dotyczące zastosowania diagnostycznego metody mapowania różnicowego macierzy Muellera optycznie anizotropowej architektury warstw materii miękkiej żeńskiej sfery rozrodczej –wycinków histologicznych z biopsji macicy. Skuteczność i dokładność diagnostyki różnicowej łagodnych i przedrakowych stanów tkanki endometrium są rozpatrywane przy użyciu analizystatystycznej algorytmicznie odtworzonych map średnich wartości liniowej i kołowej dwójłomności oraz parametrów dichroizmu optycznie anizotropowej architektury reprezentatywnych próbek natywnych przekrojów histologicznych ściany macicy. Wartości zrównoważonej dokładności diagnostyki różnicowej przedstawiono za pomocą techniki analizy statystycznej rozkładów współrzędnych średnich wartości parametrów anizotropii optycznej.

19

Trend Analysis of Aerosol Concentrations over Last Two Decades from MODIS Retrievals over Hyderabad District of India

Nandan A.K., Mathew Aneesh, Shekar Padala Raja

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 1

83--116

EN

Air pollution is one of the grave concerns of the modern era, claiming millions of lives and adversely impacting the economy. Aerosols have been observed to play a significant role in negatively influencing climatological variables and human health in given areas. The current study aimed to study the trend of aerosols and particulates on daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual levels using a 20-year (2002–2021) daily mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) product released by moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensors for the Hyderabad district in India. The results of the daily mean analysis revealed a rising trend in the number of days with severe AOD (>1), whereas examinations of the seasonal and monthly mean data from 2017 through 2022 showed that peak AOD values alternated between the summer, autumn, and winter seasons over the years. Trend analysis using Mann–Kendall, modified Mann–Kendall, and innovative trend analysis (ITA) tests revealed that AOD increased significantly from 2002 through 2021 (p < 0.05; Z > 0). Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed to check for correlations between AOD levels and certain meteorological factors for the Charminar and Secunderabad regions; it was noticed that temperature had a weak positive correlation with AOD (p < 0.05; r = 0.283 [Secunderabad] – p < 0.05; r = 0.301 [Charminar]), whereas relative humidity developed a very weak negative correlation with AOD (p < 0.05; r = −0.079 [Secunderabad] – p < 0.05; r = −0.109 [Charminar]).

20

Estimation of Natural Uranium and Its Risk-Assessment in Groundwater of Bangalore Urban District of Karnataka, India

Ravindra Nai Poojashri, Rajashekara Vinod Alurdoddi, Mudbidre Rajalakshmi

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

21--49

EN

In this study, 56 groundwater samples were taken from diverse sources in Bangalore Urban district during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to measure the uranium concentration and its correlation with different waterquality parameters. The uranium concentration varied from 0.94–98.79 µg/L during the pre-monsoon season and from 1.38–96.52 µg/L during the postmonsoon season. Except for a few readings, all were within the safe limit of 60 µg/L as prescribed by India’s Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Owing to its slightly higher concentration, a study on the radiological and chemical risks that are caused due to the ingestion of uranium was assessed. Based on the radiological aspect, cancer mortality and its risks were assessed, wherein all of the samples were well within the acceptable limit of 10−4; therefore, consuming these water samples was radiologically safe. However, when the risk that was caused by chemical toxicity was assessed, a few samples exceeded the hazard quotient (HQ) value of more than 1, thus illustrating that individuals were vulnerable to chemical risk. This paper features assessments of uranium and its risks to public health in groundwater samples if it exceeded the safe limit. Additionally, it recognizes the value of periodically assessing and treating the area’s drinking water sources.