Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Metody granulacji pyłu zeolitowego: wyzwania i perspektywy

Pabiś-Mazgaj Ewelina

Kierunek Surowce

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2025

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nr 2

51-59

PL

W poprzednim numerze skupiliśmy się na waloryzacji pyłu zeolitowego jako produktu ubocznego przeróbki skał naturalnych w kierunku funkcjonalnych sorbentów substancji ropopochodnych. Dziś omówimy czynniki, które kształtują jakość wytwarzanych granulatów zeolitowych.

2

Examination of the properties of asphalt mixtures consisting of reclaimed asphalt pavement with polymer modified binder and highly modified asphalt binder

Szołtysik Joanna, Sorociak Wojciech, Kwiecień Sławomir

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2024

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Vol. 23, no. 1

29--44

EN

The article presents an investigation of properties of asphalt mixtures produced from two types of reclaimed asphalt pavement material – one containing typical modified binder and one containing highly modified binder. Both types of reclaimed asphalt pavement material were obtained in field from real asphalt layers. The new test mixtures in which they were used contained no rejuvenators. The mixtures were heated to compaction temperature according to the national requirements; moreover, they were subjected to additional aging processes, including temperatures that exceed the degradation temperature of the SBS polymer used in their structure (200°C). Measure- ments of air voids and resistance to water and frost ITSR, which were performed after conditioning in compaction temperature conforming with national requirements, indicated that the mixture consisting of reclaimed asphalt pavement material with highly modified asphalt binder displayed more advantageous properties (ITSR in the range 87-90%) than the mixture consisting of reclaimed asphalt pavement material with typical polymer modified binder. Conditioning at 200°C demonstrated considerable differences between the tested mixtures. While the asphalt mixture containing typical polymer modified bitumen enabled placement and compaction, the mixture with highly modified binder lost its workability and compactibility, rendering it impossible to produce test specimens.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań właściwości mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych wyprodukowanych z dwóch rodzajów destruktu, zawierających asfalt modyfikowany oraz wysokomodyfikowany. Oba rodzaje destruktu pozyskano w warunkach rzeczywistych, a wyprodukowane z nich mieszanki nie zawierały dodatku środków odmładzających. Mieszanki doprowadzono do temperatury zagęszczenia wg wymagań krajowych, a tak- że poddano dodatkowym procesom starzenia w tym w temperaturze przekraczającej temperaturę degradacji obecnego w ich strukturze polimeru SBS (200°C). Wyniki badań zawartości wolnych przestrzeni oraz odporności na działanie wody i mrozu ITSR wykonanych po kondycjonowaniu w temperaturze zagęszczenia zgodnej z wymaganiami krajowymi wykazały korzystniejsze właściwości mieszanki zawierającej destrukt z asfaltem wysokomodyfikowanym (wartości ITSR w zakresie 87-90%) w porównaniu do mieszanki zawierającej destrukt z asfaltem modyfikowanym. Kondycjonowanie w 200°C ujawniło znaczące różnice w zachowaniu mieszanek. Mieszanka zawierająca asfalt modyfikowany umożliwiała rozkładanie i zagęszczanie, podczas gdy mieszanka zawierająca asfalt wysokomodyfikowany utraciła urabialność oraz możliwość zagęszczenia, uniemożliwiając uzyskanie próbek do badań.

3

Prawnośrodowiskowe aspekty zagospodarowania wybranych materiałów odpadowych i ich zastosowanie w budownictwie

Harat Andrzej, Biniaś Włodzimierz, Biniaś Dorota

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 1-2

87--91

PL

W artykule zostaną przedstawione prawnośrodowiskowe aspekty zagospodarowania wybranych materiałów odpadowych i ich wykorzystania jako składnika materiałów budowlanych. Jako przykład zostanie przestawione wtórne wykorzystanie materiałów termoplastycznych ze strumienia odpadów komunalnych lub przemysłowych. Część z tych odpadów była poddawana procesom uzdatniania i jest stosowana jako paliwo alternatywne. W proponowanym rozwiązaniu tworzywa termoplastyczne wykorzystuje się jako spoiwo do różnego rodzaju kruszyw. W wyniku formowania takich mieszanek można otrzymywać elementy infrastruktury budowlanej w postaci kostek brukowych, płytek chodnikowych itp.

EN

The article presents legal and environmental aspects of the management of selected waste materials and their use as a component of building materials. As an example, the secondary use of thermoplastic materials from the municipal or industrial waste stream will be presented. Some of this waste was subjected to treatment processes and was used as an alternative fuel. In the proposed solution, thermoplastics are used as a binder for various types of aggregates. As a result of forming such mixtures, elements of construction infrastructure can be obtained in the form of paving stones, paving tiles, etc.

4

Effects of combined coconut shell and pistachio shell as filler and frictional additive on the properties of particulate type of green friction composites

Shete Hanmant Virbhadra, Jadhav Prashant S.

Engineering Transactions

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2024

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Vol. 72, iss. 3

327--341

EN

Nowadays, cost effectiveness and environment friendliness are crucial requirements for any frictional material along with good frictional stability. Conventional filler materials, such as fly ash, are harmful and create pollution. In contrast, coconut shell and pistachio shell are inexpensive, abundant and green materials, which are otherwise considered agricultural waste. Coconut shell has good heat resistance but poor friction resistance, whereas pistachio shell has good abrasion resistance but poor thermal stability and mechanical properties. Therefore, this study presents the use of a firsthand blend of coconut shell and pistachio shell as cost-effective filler and frictional additive to develop a green frictional composite material. The material samples are prepared and tested for physical, mechanical and tribological properties using different blends of coconut shell-pistachio shell powder and binder. The developed friction composites show low water and oil absorption, high flame resistance, thermal conductivity, hardness, higher wear resistance and improved coefficient of friction (COF) for lower amounts of coconut shell and pistachio shell. As the developed frictional composites use natural waste (25% to 35%) instead of fly ash or other pollutant ingredients, they contribute to minimizing pollution and waste disposal problems.

5

Procesy starzeniowe asfaltów i ich wpływ na parametry mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowej

Szołtysik Joanna, Sorociak Wojciech, Kwiecień Sławomir

Drogownictwo

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2024

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nr 1-2

68--70

PL

W niniejszym artykule opisano zagadnienie starzenia asfaltów, obejmujące różnorodne czynniki materiałowe jak i środowiskowe. Wskazano zjawiska termooksydacji jako najbardziej wpływowe w procesach starzeniowych, wyróżniono także zjawisko promieniowania UV jako pomijanego w ustandaryzowanych badaniach. Porównano starzenie asfaltów drogowych oraz modyfikowanych, a także przełożenie zmian w ich wewnętrznej strukturze na pracę mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych.

EN

This article describes the issue of asphalt aging, including various material and environmental factors. Thermooxidation phenomena were indicated as the most influential in aging process, phenomenon of UV radiation was described as omitted in standardized tests. The aging of unmodified and modified asphalts was compared, as well as the impact of changes in their internal structure on the performance of asphalt mixtures.

6

Synthesis of a New Random Copolymer Based on Glycidyl Nitrate and Tetrahydrofuran : A Thermal, Kinetic, and Theoretical Study

Alizadeh Milad, Bayat Yadollah

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2024

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Vol. 21, no. 1

5--21

EN

Today, polymeric binders are regarded as playing a crucial role in solid propellants. Therefore, research aimed at improving the performance of the binder is particularly important. In this study, a new energetic random copolymer of glycidyl nitrate (GN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), poly (THF-ran-GN) (Mn = 1561 g mol⁻¹) was synthesized using the cationic ring-opening polymerization process. The chemical structure of the prepared copolymers was characterized utilizing FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The thermal properties of the copolymers and their molecular weights were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the synthesized copolymers (Tg= -59 °C) were lower than those of pure PGN (Tg= -32 °C). Therefore, copolymerization led to a decrease in the Tg temperature. The kinetic parameters of the DSC were determined in the non-isothermal framework described by Kissinger. The electronic structure of the copolymers was also simulated with the Gaussian 09 program package in order to investigate the optoelectronic properties of the copolymers based on time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computations. In addition, the existence of three peaks featuring significant excitations associated with electron transition in frontier orbitals was demonstrated. The results showed that the new synthesized random copolymer has energetic properties.

7

Kinetic Model for the Decomposition Rate of the Binder in a Foundry Sand Application

Matsushita Taishi, Sundaram Dinesh, Belov Ilja, Dioszegi Attila

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

43--49

EN

Accurate kinetic parameters are vital for quantifying the effect of binder decomposition on the complex phenomena occurring during the casting process. Commercial casting simulation tools often use simplified kinetic parameters that do not comprise the complex multiple reactions and their effect on gas generation in the sand core. The present work uses experimental thermal analysis techniques such as Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA) to determine the kinetic parameters via approximating the entire reaction during the decomposition by multiple first-order apparent reactions. The TG and DTA results reveal a multi-stage and exothermic decomposition process in the binder degradation. The pressure build-up in cores/molds when using the obtained multi-reaction kinetic model is compared with the earlier approach of using an average model. The results indicate that pressure in the mold/core with the multi-reaction approach is estimated to be significantly higher. These results underscore the importance of precise kinetic parameters for simulating binder decomposition in casting processes.

8

Effect of Matrix Type on Properties of Moulding Sand with Barley Malt

Samociuk Bartłomiej, Nowak D., Medyński D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

11--16

EN

The aim of the following work was to determine the possibility of using barley malt as a binder in moulding sands technology. The moulding sands prepared on the basis of three kinds of sands, i.e. quartz, olivine and chromite sands were analyzed. In order to determine the properties of moulding sands, typical determinations were made, i.e. moisture content, flowability, permeability, strength properties and abrasion wear. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to use barley malt as an independent binder for masses made of quartz, olivine and chromite sands.

9

Non-food use of solid residues from the dairy industry as a binder in dry-formed fiberboard technology

Pawlik Julia, Kowaluk Grzegorz

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2024

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No. 126

5--16

EN

Non-food use of solid residues from the dairy industry as a binder in dry-formed fiberboard technology. The research investigated the possibility of using solid residues from the dairy industry as a binder in dry-formed fiberboard technology. The scope of work included the production of boards with a mass content of milk powder of 0%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and 20% (concerning the totally dry mass of wood fibers) and studying their selected physical and mechanical properties. The results show that the properties of the produced boards are related to the mass amount of the binder, and that is, using the right amount of binder makes it possible to obtain values that meet the requirements of the relevant European standards.

PL

Nieżywnościowe wykorzystanie stałych pozostałości z przemysłu mleczarskiego jako spoiwa w technologii płyt pilśniowych suchoformowanych. Celem badań było określenie możliwości wykorzystania stałych pozostałości poprodukcyjnych z przemysłu mleczarskiego jako spoiwa w technologii płyt pilśniowych suchoformowanych. Zakres prac obejmował wytworzenie płyt o udziale masowym mleka w proszku 0%, 10% 12%, 15% i 20% (w odniesieniu do masy całkowicie suchych włókien drzewnych) oraz zbadanie ich wybranych właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że właściwości wytworzonych płyt są związane z ilością masową spoiwa i że stosując odpowiednią ich ilość można uzyskać wartości spełniające wymagania odpowiednich norm europejskich.

10

System odlewniczy korund/nano Al,2O3. Część 1: właściwości surowców formierskich

Wiśniewski Paweł

Szkło i Ceramika

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2023

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R. 74, nr 1

24--30

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań proszku korundowego oraz spoiwa formierskiego zawierającego nanometryczny Al2 O3 (Evonik) o średnicy 16 nm. W ramach prac badano m.in. morfologię SEM proszku, TEM spoiwa, skład chemiczny, wielkość cząstek oraz potencjał zeta. Dodatkowo spoiwo scharakteryzowano gęstością, pH, zawartością fazy stałej, parametrami sterologicznymi oraz lepkością względną. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie obu tych surowców jako nowego systemu formierskiego jest perspektywiczne z uwagi na zgodność chemiczną oraz właściwości.

EN

The paper presents the results of investigation on corundum powder and molding binder containing nanometric Al2O3 (Evonik) with the diameter of 16 nm. Powder SEM morphology, binder TEM morphology, chemical composition, particle size and zeta potential have been studied. The binder was also characterized by density, pH, solid phase content, sterological parameters and relative viscosity. It was found that the use of both of these raw materials as a new molding system is prospective due to chemical compatibility and their properties.

11

Comment On Energy-Efficient Alternative for Different Types of Traditional Soil Binders

Jangde Himanshu, Khan Farhan

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2023

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Vol. 45, nr 1

72--87

EN

Due to urban sprawl, the demand for land has increased for the purpose of construction. It is unlikely that soil available at different construction sites will be suitable for designed structures. For improving the load-bearing capacity of the soil, different soil binders are used, which are present in distinct states. In this review, the authors have collected details about various binders, which are generally used in the soil stabilization, and their effect as a binding agent on the soil. In this article, the authors tried to review different traditional binders. After studying various research articles, the authors found that lime, ground-granulated blast slag (GGBS) polypropylene, polyurethane grouting, and asphalt mix are frequently used binders. However, the authors also gathered information about the negative environmental impact of these traditional soil binders, which led to the need for alternatives to these commonly used soil binders. To diminish this issue, different alternate hydraulic and non-hydraulic binders are discussed. The authors found alternatives to cement and lime with the alkali-activated material consisting of Na2O and silica modulus and belite-calcium sulfoaluminate ferrite, which is also known as "Aether™." According to the research, both alternatives emit 20–30% less CO2 into the environment and also improve the compressive strength of the soil. The various studies promotes bitumen modification. Incorporating 20-mesh crumb rubber and bio-oil into the bitumen reduces its viscosity and improves its fatigue value. When waste oil is mixed with asphalt, it revitalizes the bitumen, improves fatigue resistance, and increases compressive strength. The soil particles treated by Eko soil are held together by enzymes, which give them the same strength as cement. Apart from that, low-carbon binders such as basic oxygen furnace slag, bamboo fiber, enzyme-based soil treatment, zebu manure for stabilization, and lignin-contained biofuels and coproducts are discussed. Replacing these traditional binders helps with energy savings. All waste products are recycled, and energy is saved by not manufacturing traditional binders. Additionally, energy is saved, which is required to avoid the detrimental effects of these conventional binders, making them energy-efficient alternate binders. The authors also summarize the methods used, impacts, and changes that occur in soil properties after using substitutes in place of traditional binders. From the review, the authors determined that different binders have various properties in terms of chemical and physical compositions, and they show different variations in terms of strength when added to soil with low bearing capacity or poor stability.

12

Study of the possibility of using sulfur asphalt and sulfur concrete in road construction

Bieliatynskyi Andrii, Yang Shilin, Krayushkina Kateryna, Shao Meiyu, Ta Mingyang

Materials Science Poland

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2023

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Vol. 41, No. 2

244--262

EN

The introduction of new effective road construction materials for pavements and foundations of highways is an urgent task, including the development and application of resource-saving technologies aimed at the use of low-demand, large-tonnage mineral materials, semi-finished products, industrial waste, and their by-products. Research on this topic has shown that sulfur and sulfur-containing waste, as well as modified technical sulfur when used as a binder, should be widely used in sulfur structural and road concrete in liquid, granular, or lumpy form. Ferrous cakes from the Pobug Nickel Plant or "tailings" of sulfur ore flotation can be used as fillers for sulfur binder. Having a high specific surface, they will have a positive effect on the structure formation of sulfur during the crystallization of the melt in the direction of strengthening the structure. Their high acid resistance should significantly increase the corrosion resistance of sulfur concretes. Granular slag from a metallurgical plant can be used as a fine aggregate. Overburden rocks in the form of gabbro-dolerites, dolerites, and basalts can be used as acid-resistant large aggregates. To reduce the fragility of the sulfur binder, plasticizing additives such as naphthalene, chlorinated paraffin, and bitumen can be introduced. The results obtained in this study confirm a decrease in the cost in the production of asphalt and cement concrete and the possibility of expanding the range of building materials with new road-building mixtures. Also, the test results showed that when temperature was decreased, the strength characteristics of sulfur concrete in the temperature range 0°C to −60°C increased by 7%. Low water absorption of sulfur concrete (0.1%–0.3%) versus cement concrete (2%–4%), which positively affected the strength and operational characteristics, was revealed.

13

The Use of Binders of Natural Origin to Improve the Technology of Creating Fuel Briquettes from Wood Waste

Malovanyy Myroslav, Vronska Nataliya, Tymchuk Ivan, Zhuk Volodymyr, Moroz Oleksandr, Chornomaz Nataliya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

314--320

EN

The method of wood waste utilization by pressing it into fuel briquettes is considered. It is proposed to use sulfate soap, a multi-tonnage waste of the pulp and paper industry, as an astringent. It is proven that as a result of adding a binder to the raw material, it is possible to carry out the process of forming briquettes with lower pressures, while ensuring the necessary statistical strength of the briquette. An appropriate method of supplying the binder is its preliminary mixing with wood waste. The most suitable concentration of the binder for fuel briquettes amounts to 6%. The use of a binder made it possible to reduce engine power by 40%, as well as increase the density of the obtained fuel briquettes by 10%.

14

Power and Energy Optimization of Carbon Based Lithium-Ion Battery from Water Spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica)

Santoso Budi, Ammarullah Muhammad Imam, Haryati Sri, Sofijan Armin, Bustan Muhammad Djoni

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

213--223

EN

Currently, lithium-ion batteries still use electrodes from graphite, which is a natural resource for non-metallic minerals. As a sustainable plan, research on the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries based on biomass electrodes has prospects for commercial development. In this study, carbon stems of water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica) were used as electrodes on the battery. Water spinach is processed into nanocarbon by hydrothermal method and pyrolysis. The size of the nanocarbon particles from water spinach in this study was 200 mesh resulting from the grinding method. The type of battery made is a bag battery with a size of 8×12 cm by performing variable optimization by using a concentration of 50% LiCl/Li2SO4 electrolytes media, Polyurethane/Polyacrylate binder, and Triethylamine/Non-emulsifier. The highest power and energy values are generated from carbon based lithium-ion batteries from water spinach with LiCl electrolyte media, Polyurethane binder, and Triethylamine emulsion which is 5.404 W and 4.511 W∙h.

15

Isocyanate-free Carboxyl-terminated Polybutadiene and Epoxidised Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene Cross-linking System as a Binder in Solid Heterogeneous Propellants

Chmielarek Michał, Stopa Natalia

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2023

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Vol. 20, no. 2

200--220

EN

Propellants have found applications in many industries. They play an important role primarily in the armaments and space industries. Research and development of propellant technology has been ongoing for many years. The present authors have turned their attention to the aspect of compatibility of new components with isocyanates. As a result of the search for a solution to combine existing binders with new components, they propose using hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) derivatives as the main binder components. In this way, the basic parameters of the HTPB binder, such as glass transition temperature, and compatibility with the solid components of propellants are retained. The use of an isocyanate-free binder system opens up possibilities for the use of new isocyanatesensitive components. The authors have used two HTPB derivatives to create a new binder system. The combination of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) and epoxidised HTPB, called EHTPB, allowed the elimination of isocyanates and the retention of good physicochemical properties of the binder. Here they present the method of synthesis of the components, the proportions of polymer and curing agent, and the pot-life. Heterogenic propellants based on CTPB, EHTPB, and ammonium perchlorate (AP) were prepared and the feasibility of such a system was confirmed. A study of the physical and chemical properties of the produced propellants confirmed the possibility of using CTPB and HTPB as a new binder system.

16

Waste banana peel flour as a filler in plywood binder

Wojciechowska Matylda, Kowaluk Grzegorz

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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No. 123

143--152

EN

Waste banana peel flour as a filler in plywood binder. Waste banana peel flour has gained attention as a potential filler in plywood binders due to its abundance, low cost, and positive environmental impact. Banana peels, which are typically discarded as waste, can be processed into flour and incorporated into plywood binders, offering several advantages. Firstly, banana peel flour acts as a natural filler, increasing the volume and reducing the amount of more expensive fillers required in plywood production. This can lead to cost savings without compromising the overall quality of the plywood. Secondly, banana peels contain a significant amount of cellulose and starch, which contributes to the strength and stability of the binder. The cellulose fibers present in the peel flour improve the adhesive's mechanical properties, enhancing the plywood's resistance to warping, bending, and cracking. Furthermore, banana peels are rich in phenolic compounds, such as tannins, which possess adhesive properties. These compounds can enhance the bonding strength between the veneer layers in plywood, resulting in improved overall structural integrity. Using waste banana peel flour as a filler in plywood binders also presents environmental benefits. By repurposing banana peels, which would otherwise end up in landfills, it reduces waste and promotes sustainability. The study aimed to investigate the influence of various contributions of banana peel flour in bonding mass on the properties of plywood produced with such an investigated binder. The following plywood features have been tested: modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, bonding quality (shear strength and in-wood damage) and density profile. The achieved results have been referred to as the control plywood produced with regular, industrially composed bonding mass. The structure of banana peel has been characterized as well. The results have shown that waste banana peel flour can be a valuable replacement of commercially applied filler in plywood technology.

PL

Odpadowa mączka ze skórek bananów jako wypełniacz w spoiwie do sklejki. Odpadowa mączka ze skórek bananowych zyskała uwagę jako potencjalny wypełniacz spoiw sklejkowych ze względu na swoje właściwości takie jak niski koszt czy pozytywny wpływ na środowisko. Skórki bananów, które zazwyczaj są traktowane jako odpad, można przetworzyć na mączkę i dodać do spoiw sklejkowych, co niesie ze sobą wiele zalet. Po pierwsze, mączka ze skórek bananowych działa jak naturalny wypełniacz, zwiększając objętość i redukując ilość droższych wypełniaczy potrzebnych przy produkcji sklejki. Może to prowadzić do oszczędności kosztów bez uszczerbku dla jakości sklejki. Po drugie, skórki bananów zawierają znaczną ilość celulozy i skrobi, które przyczyniają się do wytrzymałości i stabilności spoiwa. Włókna celulozowe obecne w mączce poprawiają właściwości mechaniczne kleju oraz zwiększają odporność sklejki na wypaczenia, zginanie i pękanie. Ponadto, skórki bananów bogate są w związki fenolowe, takie jak garbniki. Związki te mogą zwiększać siłę wiązania pomiędzy warstwami forniru w sklejce, co skutkuje wzmocnieniem jej struktury. Stosowanie odpadowej mączki ze skórek bananowych jako wypełniacza w spoiwach ze sklejki zapewnia również korzyści dla środowiska. Poprzez ponowne wykorzystanie skórek bananów, zmniejszona zostaje ilość odpadów. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu udziału mączki ze skórek bananowych w masie klejowej na jakość sklejki wytworzonej z taką masą. Zbadano następujące cechy sklejki: wytrzymałość na zginanie, moduł sprężystości, jakość sklejenia (wytrzymałość na ścinanie) i profil gęstości. Uzyskane wyniki porównano ze sklejką kontrolną wytworzoną z konwencjonalnej masy wiążącej. Opisano także strukturę skórki od banana. Wyniki wykazały, że odpadowa mączka ze skórek bananowych może stanowić cenny zamiennik komercyjnie stosowanych wypełniaczy w technologii sklejki.

17

Characteristics of high-density fibreboard produced with the use of rice starch as a binder

Dasiewicz Julia, Kowaluk Grzegorz

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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No. 122

169--181

EN

Characteristics of high-density fibreboard produced with the use of rice starch as a binder. The adhesives used as binders in the boards are not biodegradable, and their formaldehyde is toxic. Nowadays it is very important to take care of the environment. There are a lot of biodegradable products that as well as the current board binders can meet good mechanical and physical properties and at the same time not harm the environment. Therefore in this project, the study aimed to investigate the possibility of producing dry-formed fibreboards using rice starch as a binder. The research involved the production of boards with a mass proportion of rice starch 0%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and 20% (when referred to as totally dry wood fibre mass) and to study of their selected physical and mechanical properties. The results proved that rice starch can be used as a binding agent if we choose the right amount of starch so that it can improve some mechanical and physical properties. Very good properties came out for the determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength and for screw withdrawal resistance with a high rice binder content, but on the other hand for internal bonds, the high rice content reduced the properties. For some studies, rice flour improved properties but not enough to comply with standards as was the case with the swelling of the thickness.

PL

: Charakterystyka płyt pilśniowych o wysokiej gęstości produkowanych przy użyciu skrobi ryżowej jako spoiwa. Kleje stosowane jako spoiwa w płytach nie ulegają biodegradacji, a zawarty w nich formaldehyd jest toksyczny. W dzisiejszych czasach bardzo ważne jest dbanie o środowisko. Istnieje wiele biodegradowalnych produktów, które podobnie jak obecne spoiwa do płyt mogą spełniać dobre właściwości mechaniczne i fizyczne, a jednocześnie nie szkodzić środowisku. W związku z tym w niniejszym projekcie celem badań było określenie możliwości tworzenia płyt pilśniowych formowanych na sucho przy użyciu skrobi ryżowej jako spoiwa. Badania obejmowały produkcję płyt z masowym udziałem skrobi ryżowej 0%, 10%, 12%, 15% i 20% względem masy zupełnie suchych włókien oraz badanie ich właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych. Wyniki dowiodły, że skrobia ryżowa może być stosowana jako środek wiążący, jeśli wybierzemy odpowiednią ilość skrobi, aby poprawić niektóre właściwości mechaniczne i fizyczne. Bardzo dobre właściwości uzyskano w przypadku określania modułu sprężystości przy zginaniu i wytrzymałości na zginanie oraz odporności na wyciąganie śruby przy wysokiej zawartości spoiwa ryżowego, ale z drugiej strony w przypadku spoin wewnętrznych wysoka zawartość ryżu obniżyła właściwości. W niektórych badaniach mąka ryżowa poprawiła właściwości, ale nie na tyle, aby spełnić wymagania normy, jak miało to miejsce w przypadku spęcznienia na grubość.

18

Application of soy starch as a binder in HDF technology

Kryńska Kinga, Kowaluk Grzegorz

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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No. 123

41--50

EN

Application of soy starch as a binder in HDF technology. The aim of the research was to determine the selected properties of a dry-formed high-density fibreboard (HDF) bonded with soya flour as an environmentally friendly binding agent. The scope of work included the production of boards under laboratory conditions with different mass percentages of soy flour, i.e. 10%, 12%, 15% and 20%. Different mechanical and physical properties were determined, namely modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, the screw withdrawal resistance of the panels, internal bonding strength, density profile, thickness swelling, water absorption and surface water absorption. The results showed that increasing the proportion of soybean binder by weight contributes to improving mechanical properties but worsens physical properties.

PL

Zastosowanie skrobi sojowej jako spoiwa w technologii płyt HDF. Celem badań było określenie wybranych właściwości płyt pilśniowych suchoformowanych o wysokiej gęstości (HDF) spajanej mąką sojową jako przyjaznym dla środowiska spoiwem. Zakres prac obejmował produkcję płyt w warunkach laboratoryjnych o różnym udziale masowym mąki sojowej tj. 10%, 12%, 15% i 20%. Określono wybrane właściwości mechaniczne i fizyczne płyt, a mianowicie wytrzymałość na zginanie, moduł sprężystości przy zginaniu, opór przy osiowym wyciąganiu wkrętów, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie prostopadłe, profil gęstości, spęcznienie na grubość, nasiąkliwość i absorpcję powierzchniową wodną. Wyniki wykazały, że zwiększenie udziału masowego spoiwa sojowego przyczynia się do poprawy wybranych właściwości mechanicznych, natomiast pogarsza właściwości fizyczne.

19

Leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil stabilised by Portland cement and slag Bremen

Lindh Per, Lemenkova Polina

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 4

537--552

EN

Leaching behaviour is an important evidence of soil quality. The assessment of leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated soil is vital for environmental applications. However, leaching may differ in soil stabilised by various ratios of binders. In this study we measured leaching behaviour of soil contaminated by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, methyl Hg, aliphatic compounds of hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). To evaluate leaching of these substances we tested the effects of changed amount of binder (120 kg and 150 kg) and binder ratios (70/30 %, 50/50 % and 30/70 %) added to soil samples. Soil was dredged from several stations in Ostrand area, SCA Sundsvall Ortvikens Pappersbruk. The results demonstrated a systematically decreasing leaching with the increased slag. The contribution of this research include: (i) devising systematic approach to extract information on leaching from stabilised soil collected from the coastal area of Bothnian Bay, (ii) developing a workflow for stabilising soils by various combination of Portland cement Basement CEM II/A-V (SS EN 197-1) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Bremen type (SS EN 15167-1), (iii) determining water ratio and density for the untreated and stabilised soil and performing comparative analysis, (iv) evaluating chemical content of pollutants and toxic elements in the aggregated soil samples. Treatment of the contaminated soil by binders improved its parameters by the increased strength and decreased leaching of heavy metals and toxic elements.

20

HTPB-based Binder Surrogates and their Effects on Preliminary Rocket Motor Analyses

Okniński Adam

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2022

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Vol. 19, no. 3

209--230

EN

This paper presents a comparison of the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) models used during conceptual and preliminary rocket propulsion analyses. The HTPB molecular formulas and enthalpies of formation from various literature sources, obtained by different methods, are discussed. It is shown that the range of heats of formation and properties of HTPB-based binders presented in these references are very wide. The Benson additivity rule was used to estimate the HTPB enthalpy of formation and to compare it with values found in the literature. The HTPB binder models are set side by side in terms of solid rocket motor performance and observable combustion products, using chemical equilibrium software. Moreover, simple heat transfer and aluminum combustion models are used to present the impact of using different models of binders on design calculations. It isshown that ammonium perchlorate/ HTPB propellant thermochemical output data may not be valuable, if used without caution. Taking appropriate contingencies into account and understanding what type of model is being used is necessary. The objective of this paper is to turn the attention of the propellant and explosives community to a class of problems that are often overlooked during initial design phases due to propellant composition simplification.