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1

Characterization of the effects of acetic acid on the recovery of valuable contents from flotation tailings of non-sulfide metals

Yoğurtcuoğlu Emine

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 185168

EN

Non-sulfide lead flotation tailings draw attention in terms of their valuable contents. Dissolution studies have been carried out with strong inorganic acids, especially in ore form, but these acids have been unfavorable in removal in the context of metal recovery processes. Organic acids, on the other hand, are notable for their environmentally friendly properties and selective metal recovery opportunities. In this study, the effects of acetic acid on metal recovery from oxidized waste were investigated with different experimental parameters at a laboratory scale. Optimal conditions were determined depending on the increase in acetic acid concentration. At 0.75-1.0 M acid concentrations, 49-55% Pb and 49-54% Zn recovery efficiencies were obtained with grades of 7.0-7.2% and 19.5-19.7%, respectively. The recovery of Pb/Zn by the leaching process with acetic acid and the selective nonrecovery of iron were also observed through characterization studies. With the Rietveld XRD method, an increase in iron minerals such as goethite and a decrease in smithsonite-hydrozincite minerals were determined. These changes were seen as a decrease in the contents of these minerals in SEM/EDX analysis and as a decrease in smithsonite mineral bond structures in the FT-IR analysis. This study showed that acetic acid has many advantages in the utilization of zinc-lead-containing oxide flotation tailings, which have high economic value, such as selective metal recovery, easy biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and non-corrosiveness.

2

Alloys for Hot Dip Galvanising on Thin-Walled Materials

Lewartowski Piotr, Leszczyńska-Madej Beata, Włoch Grzegorz, Żabiński Piotr

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 8, no. 3

45--53

EN

The article reviews alloy additives to zinc and their impact on the quality of coatings achieved on structural steel. It also analyses the impact of the concentration of acid used for the chemical stripping of raw material on the zinc coating thickness of the steel. The zinc layer thickness changed depending on the concentration of alloy elements in the bath. It was stated that aluminium and bismuth have a low impact on the decrease in zinc coating thickness, while in the case of tin, a small change to the content (from 0.6% to 0.8%) significantly decreased the zinc layer thickness. Furthermore, it was found that, during the hot dip galvanising of steel, particular alloy elements are extracted from the bath. This results in the need to supplement alloy elements through periodical melting in for the purpose of maintaining the assumed bath composition. It was observed that, together with the increase in alloy elements concentration, zinc uptake (galvanised component weight ratio to black component weight) decreases, improving the process economics.

3

Wymywanie jonów magnezu, chromu, manganu i cynku z odpadów pohutniczych w zależności od pH opadów atmosferycznych

Kocoł Patrycja, Porębska Gabriela, Muller Dominik, Zalewska Aleksandra

Analit

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2024

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Nr 14

19--28

PL

W niniejszym artykule zajęto się sprawdzeniem intensywności wymywania poszczególnych jonów metali z różnych warstw hałdy żużlu stalowniczego pochodzącej z huty stali w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim. Wymywania dokonano symulując opady atmosferyczne - wykorzystując wodę destylowaną, jak i sztuczne kwaśne deszcze (roztwór kwasu azotowego (V) o pH ≈ 2). Próbki pobrano z terenu składowiska odpadów poprzemysłowych, należących do firmy Madrohut w Krakowie, zarówno z wierzchniej warstwy hałdy jak i z głębokości 0.5 m w głąb hałdy, które zostały następnie poddane suszeniu na powietrzu. Do oznaczeń wykorzystano metodę Atomowej Spektrometrii Absorpcyjnej (ASA), a przedmiotem oznaczeń były cztery pierwiastki: Mg, Mn, Cr i Zn. Celem było sprawdzenie przenikania jonów metali z hałd żużlu stalowniczego do potencjalnych wód gruntowych i możliwego przez to zanieczyszczenia środowiska naturalnego.

EN

The presented article concerns an examination of the intensity of metal ion leaching in different layers of a steel slag heap originating from a steel mill located in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. Leaching was induced by simulating precipitation, using destilled water, and acidic rainwater (nitric acid solution of pH ≈ 2). The samples were collected, on site of factory landfill area of Madrohut company located in Cracow, from both surface layer the heap as well as from the layer around 0.5 m within the heap itself which were all subsequently air-dried for the period of two weeks. Quantification was conducted using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method (AAS) within a scope of four metal elements: Mg, Mn, Cr and Zn. The goal was to examine the metal ion leaching from steel slag heap into potential groundwater supply and the possibility of polluting the environment as the result.

4

Wpływ na środowisko wybranych pierwiastków wymywanych z odpadów hutniczych stosowanych do budowy dróg

Krygowska Karolina, Kubek Maria, Ścigaj Justyna

Analit

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2024

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Nr 14

29--37

PL

W niniejszej pracy dokonano analizy ilości wymywanych pierwiastków (cynku, magnezu i manganu) jakie mogłyby wydostać się do środowiska z odpadów hutniczych wraz z zastosowaniem ich w budownictwie dróg i nawierzchni asfaltowych. Badanym materiałem były hałdy zawierające żużel stalowniczy, muł z oczyszczania spalin metodą mokrą z oczyszczalni z Dąbrowy Górniczej, świeży żużel oraz żużel po leżakowaniu zlokalizowane na terenie Zakładu Odzysku Surowców Madrohut Sp. Z o.o. w Krakowie. Analizy wymywanych pierwiastków dokonano metodą atomowej spektroskopii absorpcyjnej. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z zawartościami pierwiastków w różnych typach gleb celem określenia czy mogłyby okazać się toksyczne dla ekosystemu w pobliżu dróg. Badania wykazały, że największą zawartością oznaczanych pierwiastków cechują się hałdy z mułu po oczyszczaniu spalin metodą mokrą, natomiast w wielu przypadkach zawartość wybranych pierwiastków była poniżej granicy oznaczalności metodą ASA. Wykazano, że otrzymane wartości zawartości pierwiastków nie powinny stanowić zagrożenia dla środowiska w przypadku zastosowania odpadów jako surowca w budownictwie drogowym.

EN

In the presented paper, the amount of washed out elements (zinc, magnesium and manganese) from metallurgical wastes used for road construction might be released to the environment. The analysed samples were obtained from the wastes heaps containing slug and loam from the exhaust gases purification system in Dąbrowa Górnicza. The waste heaps were localized at site belonging to the Raw Materials Retrieval Company “Madrohut” Sp.Z o.o. in Kraków. The washed out elements’ concentrations were determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The obtained results were compared with the elements’ concentrations in various soils, to determine whether such materials could be toxic for the environment. It can be concluded that the highest concentrations of the elements was found in the loam samples, but in many instances, the elements’ concentrations were below the detection limits. It was shown, that the determined content of the examined elements should not be dangerous for the environment if used in road construction.

5

Innovative hydrometallurgy for galvanic sludge sustainable recovery

Brožová Silvie, Drápala Jaromír, Brož Jiří, Macháčková Adéla

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

46--56

EN

The manuscript explores the feasibility of recovering zinc and iron from waste galvanic sludge generated during galvanic plating processes. Galvanic sludge, characterized by elevated concentrations of heavy metals, represents a suitable candidate for hydrometallurgical recycling. The primary objective of the experimental and practical phases was to extract zinc and iron through the leaching of galvanic sludge. Leaching procedures were conducted using sulfuric acid at varying temperatures and time durations, augmented by the introduction of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone. Subsequent separation of the leach and filtrate was achieved through filtration. The leachate underwent additional processing involving the precipitation of iron and other metals, employing diverse agents. Following further filtration, electrolysis was employed to attain pure zinc on the cathode, utilizing an electrical voltage of approximately 3 V. Comprehensive chemical analyses were conducted on all intermediate products, including the leachate, leach liquor, filtrate, solid precipitate, and the separated metal on the cathode. The outcomes of these analyses are meticulously presented in tables and graphs.

6

The effect of cooper, zinc and selenium on skin condition

Kulik Anna

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2023

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nr 2(83)

23--30

EN

Trace elements are essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the body, and condition the proper functioning of the human organism. Micronutrients influence a number of metabolic processes in the dermis and epidermis. An excess or deficiency of trace elements may represent a potential threat to human health with implications for skin condition. This study reviews the literature on the effects of copper, zinc and selenium on skin condition.

PL

Pierwiastki śladowe są niezbędne dla zachowania homeostazy ustroju, warunkują prawidłowe funkcjonowanie organizmu człowieka. Mikroelementy wpływają na szereg procesów metabolicznych zachodzących w skórze właściwej i naskórku. Nadmiar lub niedobór pierwiastków śladowych może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla zdrowia człowieka, a tym samym wpływać na kondycją skóry. W pracy dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa obejmującego zagadnienia wpływu miedzi, cynku i selenu na stan skóry.

7

Beneficiation of Artvin-Cerattepe copper-zinc ore by flotation

Seyrankaya Abdullah, Yontar Uğur, Canbazoğlu Mehmet, Özel Gizem, Kabaloğlu Sinan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 167499

EN

The Cerattepe (Artvin) mine contains volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in northeastern Turkey. This is a kuroko type deposit located in Late Cretaceous volcanic, intrusive and sedimentary rocks, and has a structure with dense alteration stages. In this study, batch flotation tests were carried out to determine the flotation behavior of a new sample (mix ore), that was the combination of two different ores with different flotation behaviors. The mixed ore contains 2.18% Cu, 1.46% Zn, (Cu/Zn ratio 1.49) 38.35% Fe, and 41.6% S content. An efficient separation of copper minerals from zinc minerals using the conventional selective flotation method could not be achieved due to complex mineralogy and very low liberation degree. Therefore, sequential selective flotation resulted in poor Cu recovery. The effects of flotation parameters such as collector type, collector amount, particle size, and pH conditions, were investigated to obtain a bulk copper-zinc concentrate. The best results were obtained using thionocarbamate (Aero 3894) and dithiophosphine (Aerophine 3418A) collector reagents at d80=40 μm particle size. Under optimal conditions (grain size, d80=40 μm, pH=11, amount of collector reagent 60 g/t (Aero 3894), frother (MIBC)=50 g/t, solid ratio=32%, flotation time=8 min.), a bulk copper-zinc concentrate containing 13% Cu and 9.5% Zn was obtained with a copper yield of 84.4% and a zinc yield of 88.9%. The concentrate mass pull was 13%. After rougher and two-stage scavenger flotation, a concentrate (rougher concentrate + scavenger products) was obtained with a mass pull of 22%. Copper and zinc recoveries of this concentrate were 91.8% and 92.5%, respectively.

8

Synthesis and solubility of hopeite Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O

Bajda Tomasz, Rogowska Melania, Pawłowska Agnieszka

Mineralogia

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2023

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Vol. 54, iss. 1

78--81

EN

Minerals from the phosphate groups are used in environmental engineering as thermodynamically stable vehicles for heavy metals such as zinc. The hopeite Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The solubility of the hopeite was measured at 25°C. The average solubility product, log Ksp, for the reaction Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O ⇔ 3Zn2+ + 2PO4 3− + 4H2O at 25°C is –35.72 ± 0.03. The free energy of formation, ΔG°f ,298, calculated from this measured solubility product is –3597.4 ± 1.0 kJ mol−1. The immobilization of zinc in the hopeite structure offers the possibility of developing an effective method for removing Zn from wastewater, water and soils.

9

The Influence of the Gray Forest Soil Moisture Level on the Accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu in Spring Barley Grain

Razanov Serhii, Husak Oksana, Hnativ Petro, Dydiv Andrii, Bakhmat Oleh, Stepanchenko Vitalii, Pryshchepa Alla, Shcherbachuk Victor, Mazurak Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

285--292

EN

Among a number of climate-related factors, moisture has the greatest impact on crop productivity. In recent years, certain changes have been observed under conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with regard to precipitation – from low to in some cases – abnormally high, which requires the study of their impact on the yield and safety of cereal grain for its forecasted production. The article examined the effect of a high level of soil moisture (256.2–272.5 mm) and a low level (47.4–52.3 mm) during the growing season (germination→earing) of spring barley grain on the accumulation of heavy metals in it and its productivity under the conditions of gray forest soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spring barley varieties Helios and Caesar were selected for the research. A decrease in the accumulation coefficient at a high level of soil moisture (256.6–272.5 mm) in spring barley grain Pb from 8.3% to 11.3%, Cd – from 35.0% to 35.5%, Zn was established – by 15% and Cu – from 11.2% to 16.6% compared to the low level of soil moisture (47.1 mm – 53.3 mm). At the same time, it was found that with a high level of soil moisture, there is a decrease in the yield of Helios and Caesar spring barley by 18.0% and 14.1%, respectively.

10

Evaluating the Effect of the Approaching Electrode on the Migration for Metal Ions through the Electro-Kinetic Technique for Contaminated Soil

Thamer Zeina, Khalil Amal H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

72--80

EN

In this study, three experiments using the fixed anode technique and approached anode technique were carried out. The first experiment (EK-1) used distilled water as leaching solution (purging solution) at the anode and cathode chamber under voltage gradient was equal to 1.5 V/cm. In the second and third experiments, a solution enhanced with 1M acetic acid (AA) was used as catholic solution. The results indicate that residual concentration of Zn+2 decreases, beginning with an initial value of 850 mg/kg in all portions of soil sample EK-1, EK-2, in addition to EK-3. It seems that the residual concentration of EK-3 (approached anode technique) was lower than that of EK-1 and EK-2 in identical portions.

11

Bioaccumulation and Bioleaching of Cu, Pb, and Zn from Mining Waste

Cermak Patrik, Cernansky Slavomir

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 2

87--91

EN

The subject of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Aspergillus niger (Pezinok) and Neosartorya fischeri strains in bioleaching and bioaccumulation of metals from mining waste from the Hodruša tailings pond. The waste used in the work contained 0.10 mm fractions weighing 1 and 2 g from different depths of the soil matrix, samples A: 10–20 cm, samples B: 20–30 cm. We focused on the elements copper, lead and zinc with the content of individual elements (mg/kg) copper – in samples A 487 mg/kg, in samples B 115 mg/kg. Lead – samples A 1208 mg/kg, samples B 582 mg/kg. Zinc – samples A 6970 mg/kg, samples B 6808 mg/kg. We confirmed the effectiveness of the Aspergillus niger strain in this process due to the production of organic acids (citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid). In the experimental part, we found that the most effective strain in determining the efficiency of extraction and concentration of metals in the solution after bioleaching was the Aspergillus niger strain. The Neosartorya fischeri strain appears to be most effective in accumulating metals in solution and accumulating metals in biomass. We can justify this phenomenon due to the different properties of the cell walls of individual fungal strains and it is necessary to keep these differences in mind when comparing biosorption properties

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego badania było określenie skuteczności szczepów Aspergillus niger (Pezinok) i Neosartorya fischeri w bioługowaniu i bioakumulacji metali z odpadów górniczych ze stawu osadowego Hodruša. Odpady wykorzystane w pracy zawierały frakcje 0,10 mm o masie 1 i 2 g z różnych głębokości matrycy glebowej, próbki A: 10–20 cm, próbki B: 20–30 cm. Skupiliśmy się na pierwiastkach miedzi, ołowiu i cynku z zawartością poszczególnych pierwiastków (mg/kg) miedź – w próbkach A 487 mg/kg, w próbkach B 115 mg/kg. Ołów – próbki A 1208 mg/kg, próbki B 582 mg/kg. Cynk – próbki A 6970 mg/kg, próbki B 6808 mg/kg. Potwierdziliśmy skuteczność szczepu Aspergillus niger w tym procesie ze względu na produkcję kwasów organicznych (kwas cytrynowy, kwas szczawiowy, kwas octowy). W części eksperymentalnej stwierdziliśmy, że najskuteczniejszym szczepem w określaniu wydajności ekstrakcji i stężenia metali w roztworze po bioługowaniu był szczep Aspergillus niger. Szczep Neosartorya fischeri wydaje się być najbardziej efektywny w akumulacji metali w roztworze i akumulacji metali w biomasie. Zjawisko to można uzasadnić różnymi właściwościami ścian komórkowych poszczególnych szczepów grzybów i należy pamiętać o tych różnicach przy porównywaniu właściwości biosorpcyjnych.

12

Variability of zinc content in cultivated luvisols of the Pałuki region (Central Poland)

Bartkowiak Agata

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2023

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nr I/1

120--132

EN

Zinc is an essential microelement that is required for the proper growth and development of crops, and its content in the soil varies. Due to the physiological functions it performs in living organisms, zinc is considered an essential element in the nutrition of plants and animals. The total forms of trace elements do not fully reflect the possibilities of their absorption. They provide only approximate ranges of the soil’s abundance in a given ingredient. Plants can obtain microelements only from bioavailable forms.The content of available forms of elements in soils is one of the important determinants of plant yield. Zinc deficiency is a serious problem in agricultural soils around the world because it results in reduced crop yields. The aim of the study was to assess the content of total and available forms of zinc in the surface horizons of arable Luvisols in the Pałuki region, that has been intensively used for agriculture. Basic physical and chemical soil properties were determined using methods commonly applied by soil science laboratories. The content of total zinc forms was determined using the Crock and Severson method. Forms bioavailable to plants were identified using the Lindsay and Norvell method. The content of both forms of zinc was determined by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the analysed samples of arable land, low contents of total and available forms of zinc were recorded. The correlation analysis that was carried out confirmed that the content of these forms in the soil is significantly influenced by reaction. Due to the low levels of zinc forms found in the studied agricultural soils, It is necessary to monitor the amounts of this trace element.

PL

Cynk jest mikroelementem niezbędnym do prawidłowego wzrostu i rozwoju roślin uprawnych, a jego zawartość w glebie jest zróżnicowana. Ze względu na funkcje fizjologiczne, jakie pełni w organizmach żywych, cynk uznawany jest za pierwiastek niezbędny w żywieniu roślin i zwierząt. Formy całkowite pierwiastków śladowych nie odzwierciedlają w pełni możliwości ich wchłaniania. Podają jedynie przybliżone zakresy zasobności gleby w dany składnik. Rośliny mogą pozyskiwać mikroelementy jedynie z form biodostępnych. Zawartość przyswajalnych form pierwiastków w glebie jest jednym z ważnych czynników warunkujących plonowanie roślin. Niedobór cynku jest poważnym problemem w glebach rolniczych na całym świecie, ponieważ powoduje zmniejszenie plonów. Celem badań była ocena zawartości form całkowitych i przyswajalnych cynku w poziomach powierzchniowych uprawnych gleb płowych regionu Pałuk, który od dziesięcioleci jest intensywnie użytkowany rolniczo. Podstawowe właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne gleby określono metodami powszechnie stosowanymi w laboratoriach gleboznawczych. Zawartość form cynku całkowitego oznaczono metodą Crocka i Seversona, a formy biodostępne dla roślin metodą Lindsaya i Norvella. Zawartość obu form cynku oznaczono metodą atomowej spektroskopii adsorpcyjnej (AAS). W analizowanych próbach gruntów ornych stwierdzono niską zawartość form całkowitych i przyswajalnych cynku. Przeprowadzona analiza korelacji potwierdziła, że na zawartość tych form w glebie istotny wpływ ma odczyn. Ze względu na niską zawartość form cynku w badanych glebach rolniczych, konieczne jest monitorowanie ilości tego mikroelementu.

13

Effects of HE and ECAP processes on changes in microstructure and mechanical properties in copper, iron and zinc

Kulczyk Mariusz, Skorupska Monika, Skiba Jacek, Przybysz Sylwia, Smalc-Koziorowska Julita

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 3

art. no. e145563

EN

The research presented in this paper concerns the influence of the rate of plastic deformation generated directly in the processes of severe plastic deformations on the microstructure and properties of three metals: copper, iron and zinc. The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method was used, and it was performed at a low plastic deformation rate of ∼ 0.04 s−1. The high plastic strain rate was obtained using the hydrostatic extrusion (HE) method with the deformation rate at the level of ∼ 170 s−1. For all three tested materials different characteristic effects were demonstrated at the applied deformation rates. The smallest differences in the mechanical properties were observed in copper, despite the dynamic recrystallization processes that occurred in the HE process. In Armco iron samples, dynamic recovery processes in the range of high plastic deformation rates resulted in lower mechanical properties. The most significant effects were obtained for pure zinc, where, regardless of the method used, the microstructure was clearly transformed into bimodal after the ECAP process, and homogenized and refined after the HE process. After the HE process, the material was transformed from a brittle state to a plastic state and the highest mechanical properties were obtained.

14

Determination of an axial gas cyclone separator cut-off point by CFD numerical modeling

Ryfa Arkadiusz, Tokarski Mieszko, Adamczyk Wojciech, Klimanek Adam, Bargiel Paweł, Białecki Ryszard, Kocot Michał, Niesler Marian, Kania Harald, Stecko Janusz, Czaplicka Marianna

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 4

535--562

EN

This paper deals with the numerical simulation of a pilot-scale axial cyclone separator. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model that is able to foresee the cyclone separator cut-off point. This is crucial in blast furnace gas installation to capture large particles containing carbon and iron, while allowing smaller particles such as zinc and lead to pass through. The cut-off point must be designed to give a sufficiently high zinc and lead content in the sludge created after the second cleaning stage. This allows the sludge to become a commercial product. To design this cut-off point, an investigation of the influence of inlet gas velocity, temperature, and the angle of guiding vanes at the inlet was done. The developed CFD model was validated against experimental data on the fractional efficiency of the cyclone separator. The results were in good agreement with the experimental data for all parameters tested. The behavior of the particles inside the cyclone was also physically correct.

15

Combined 3-Components Phosphate and Organic Coatings on Zinc Surfaces

Fachikova Dimka, Liubenova T., Ilieva G.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 3

973--980

EN

In recent years, the production of galvanized sheet steels with organic coatings applied to its surfaces has considerably expanded. Phosphating of the zinc surfaces raises its roughness and surface tension, providing high adhesion of subsequent organic coatings and respectively, significant increasing of their protective properties. The paper presents the results obtained in the investigation of combined anti-corrosion coatings, including formation of phosphate films on galvanized steel surfaces followed by the application of three types of paint and varnish coatings. The indicators characterizing the phosphating preparation (density, pH, conductivity, acid capacity) as well as the thickness of the coatings were measured. The chemical composition of the phosphate films, their morphology and topography were determined by means of EDX and SEM, respectively. The adhesion, elasticity and impact toughness of the organic coatings, with and without phosphating treatment of the zinc surfaces were measured. The corrosion resistance of the combined coatings in a model sodium chloride solution was also determined.

16

A Study on the Recovery of Zinc and Pig Iron from Byproducts after Steelmaking Dust Treatment

Wang Jei-Pl

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

205--208

EN

In this study, a research was conducted to recover metallic zinc and pig iron and to improve the purity and the recovery rate through a reduction process for zinc and iron in the byproducts that are generated after steelmaking dust treatment. As the result of the calcination, it was confirmed that Cl (6.06%) and K (3.37%) decreased to Cl (2.75%) and K (0.22%), respectively. For the zinc powder that was recovered with reaction temperature of 1100°C, reaction time of 4 hours, and argon gas of 1L/min as the optimal conditions. The measurement for the purity of zinc was 99.8% and the recovery rate was 92.14%. The melt reduction for recovering pig iron from the residue was reacted under reaction temperature of 1600°C, flux composition (CaO:SiO2) of 1:1, and reducing agent infusion ratio (residue: C) of 14:1, and the pig iron was measured to have a purity of 87.7% and a recovery rate of 91.81%.

17

Biokoloidalne nanokompozyty metal-białko jako przełom w walce z lekoopornością

Król-Górniak Anna, Buszewski Bogusław

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2023

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nr 1

12-18

PL

Nanomateriały są obecnie przedmiotem wielu zainteresowań badawczych zarówno w naukach podstawowych, jak i stosowanych – nanotechnologia zapewnia innowacyjne rozwiązania w dziedzinie biologii, medycyny, inżynierii materiałowej, optyki i elektroniki. Cynk i jego tlenek (ZnO) są jednymi z najbardziej interesujących i obiecujących nanomateriałów.

18

Rola cynku w ochronie przeciwkorozyjnej stali - przegląd zastosowań

Sokólski Wojciech

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2022

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nr 9-10

72--77

PL

Metaliczny cynk, w różnych postaciach, jest nadal masowo i z doskonałymi rezultatami wykorzystywany w wielu technikach ochrony przed korozją konstrukcji i wyrobów stalowych eksploatowanych w różnych warunkach – w atmosferze, wodzie i ziemi. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu wskazanie różnych sposobów wykorzystania właściwości tego metalu zarówno w uzyskiwaniu efektów barierowych w powłokach, jak i polaryzacji elektrochemicznej w systemach ochrony katodowej.

EN

Metallic zinc, in various forms, is still massively and with excellent results used in a number of corrosion protection techniques for steel structures and steel products operated in various conditions: in the atmosphere, in water and in the underground. This study aims to indicate different ways of using the properties of this metal both in obtaining barrier effects in coatings and in electrochemical polarization in cathodic protection systems.

19

Zinc and Magnesium vs COVID-19

Sokołowska Barbara, Nazaruk Stanisława Katarzyna, Radzka-Pogoda Agnieszka, Henrykowska Gabriela, Borzęcki Andrzej

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2022

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nr 2(79)

45--52

EN

Zinc and magnesium are among the most important elements for the human body. A deficiency or excess of either of them may pose a potential threat to the homeostatic mechanisms of the body. Both elements condition the proper functioning of the immune system. Zinc and magnesium deficiency significantly reduces the body's immunity, facilitating infection with various pathogens, including SARS-COV-2 infection. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the impact of zinc and magnesium deficiencies on the incidence and course of COVID-19.

PL

Cynk i magnez to jedne z ważniejszych pierwiastków dla organizmu człowieka. Niedobór lub nadmiar któregoś z nich może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla mechanizmów homeostazy ustroju. Pierwiastki te warunkują prawidłowe funkcjonowanie układu immunologicznego. Niedobór cynku i magnezu istotnie zmniejsza odporność organizmu ułatwiając infekcje różnymi patogenami, w tym zakażenia SARS-COV-2. W pracy dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa obejmującego zagadnienia wpływu niedoborów cynku i magnezu na zachorowanie i przebieg COVID-19.

20

Kierunki rozwoju cynkowych powłok gruntujących do zabezpieczeń antykorozyjnych obiektów stalowych

Królikowska Agnieszka, Komorowski Leszek, Wojda Damian, Zacharuk Katarzyna, Langer Ewa, Zubielewicz Małgorzata, Kuczyńska Helena, Paszek Urszula

Mosty

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2022

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nr 2

50--52

PL

W artykule opisano systemy antykorozyjne z powłoką gruntującą zawierającą wypełniacz cynkowy, których użycie rośnie z roku na rok ze względu na dużą trwałość. Ich wykorzystanie nie pozostaje jednak bez wpływu na środowisko naturalne. Jednym ze sposobów ograniczenia zawartości cynku jest stosowanie nowych cynkowych powłok gruntujących opracowanych w projekcie ZINCPOWER (CORNET).

EN

The article describes anticorrosion systems containing zinc primers, which are used increasingly year by year due to their durability. However they are not without consequences for the environment. One of the methods of reducing the content of zinc is the use of new zinc primer coats which were developed in the ZINCPOWER (CORNET) project.