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1

Emergency Services in the psychological support system for the road accident victims

Ucińska Monika

Transport Samochodowy

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2025

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T. 72, nr 2

49--67

EN

Road accident is a sudden event that meets the criteria for a traumatic event. Accident victims who bear psychological costs can include both the immediate participants and the families of those injured, witnesses, and emergency services. Many of them may experience emotional difficulties that can develop into long-term disorders, affecting daily functioning and quality of life. This article presents actions taken in Poland to provide psychological support to accident victims, focusing on the role of emergency services in this area. A review of applicable legal documents and available procedures is made, including methods for preparing emergency service personnel to provide support. Particular attention is paid to the system of psychological support addressed to emergency service personnel themselves after traumatic events. The article emphasizes the importance of a coordinated approach to psychological support, integrating the activities of emergency services, support centres, and support institutions. The conclusions point to the need to develop systemic solutions that will enable comprehensive care for accident victims, not only physically but also mentally.

PL

Wypadek drogowy to zdarzenie nagłe, które spełnia kryteria zdarzenia traumatycznego. Ofiarami wypadków ponoszącymi koszty psychiczne mogą być zarówno jego bezpośredni uczestnicy, jak i rodziny osób poszkodowanych, świadkowie zdarzenia i służby ratownicze. U wielu z nich mogą wystąpić trudności natury emocjonalnej, które mogą przekształcić się w długotrwałe zaburzenia, wpływając na codzienne funkcjonowanie i jakość życia. Artykuł przedstawia działania, jakie podejmuje się w Polsce na rzecz pomocy psychologicznej ofiarom wypadków, skupiając się na roli służb ratowniczych w tym obszarze. Dokonano przeglądu obowiązujących dokumentów prawnych i dostępnych procedur, w tym metod przygotowania pracowników służb ratowniczych do udzielania wsparcia. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na system pomocy psychologicznej skierowanej do samych pracowników służb ratowniczych po zdarzeniach traumatycznych. Artykuł podkreśla znaczenie skoordynowanego podejścia do pomocy psychologicznej, integrującego działania służb ratowniczych, ośrodków wsparcia i instytucji pomocowych. Wnioski wskazują na konieczność rozwijania systemowych rozwiązań, które umożliwią kompleksową opiekę nad ofiarami wypadków nie tylko w aspekcie fizycznym, ale i psychicznym.

2

Use of mobile phones by vehicle drivers

Frej Damian Paweł

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2025

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Vol. 62, no. 1

113--136

EN

The issue of mobile phone use by drivers emerged in the 1980s and remains a significant concern in the context of road safety. The contemporary development of technology has made mobile phones an inseparable part of daily life, creating new challenges regarding their use while driving. The hypothesis adopted in this study assumes that using a mobile phone while driving significantly increases the risk of road accidents, primarily by distracting the driver. The research methods used in the analysis included conducting a survey among drivers to determine the frequency and circumstances of mobile phone use while driving. The study also identified psychological and behavioral factors influencing this risky behavior. The survey results showed that over 30% of respondents admit to using their phones while driving, which leads to distraction from the road, reduced caution, and more frequent driving errors. The scientific contribution of this study lies in providing updated data on the scale of the problem and emphasizing the importance of the psychological and habitual aspects of mobile phone use by drivers, which have been marginally analyzed in the literature so far. The innovation of this work is reflected in highlighting the need to develop new prevention strategies and technologies that effectively limit mobile phone use while driving, which could significantly contribute to improving road safety.

3

The effects OD static vertical load on the coupling on the breaking distance of a combination vehicle : The results of road and simulation tests

Kąkol Marcin, Lozia Zbigniew, Pilich Jarosław

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2025

|

nr 1(90)

85--94

EN

The paper presents the results of road and simulation tests depicting the impact of vertical static load on the coupling on the braking distance of a combination vehicle. A hypothesis was put forward that verification by the vehicle user and a possible change in the static vertical load on the coupling (as a result of the incorrect position of the trailer's centre of gravity) could influence the braking distance of a combination vehicle. The article presents the geometric and mass data obtained for the vehicles tested. This is followed by a description of road tests carried out under real conditions and the results of simulation calculations, where the braking distance of a vehicle combination consisting of a tractor unit and a loaded (in six variants) single-axle unbraked trailer was assessed. The parameters of the road surface on which the tests were carried out were defined. In the course of the tests, the distance travelled by the vehicles and the force applied to the brake pedal were recorded. The result of the work is a report presenting the results of the assessment of the braking distance depending on the static vertical load on the coupling device.

4

Assessment of passenger and driver safety based on analysis of road incidents

Gorzelańczyk Piotr

Journal of KONBiN

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2025

|

Vol. 55, iss.3

119--136

EN

Regardless of the means of transportation, the number of them traveling on Polish roads is growing every year. Despite the decreasing number of road accidents, every year a large number of people lose their lives and health in them. Passenger cars and trucks with a gross vehicle weight of more than 3.5t are most often involved in road accidents. A large number of accidents also involve trucks with a gross vehicle weight of up to 3.5t. In recent years, there have been an average of more than 80 accidents per day, in which 8 people lose their lives and more than 1,000 are injured. For this reason, it is reasonable to analyze the traffic safety of the means of transport involved in traffic accidents in order to improve it. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the highest number of road accidents occur between cyclists and drivers of passenger cars, as well as between drivers of motorcycles with a capacity of over 125 cc and drivers of passenger cars. For this reason, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the number of accidents in this area.

PL

Niezależnie od środka transportu, liczba pojazdów poruszających się po polskich drogach rośnie z każdym rokiem. Pomimo malejącej liczby wypadków drogowych, każdego roku życie i zdrowie traci w nich duża liczba osób. Najczęściej w wypadku drogowym udział biorą samochody osobowe oraz samochody ciężarowe o dopuszczalnej masie całkowitej powyżej 3,5 t. Duża liczba wypadków jest również z udziałem samochodów ciężarowych o dopuszczalnej masie całkowitej do 3,5 t. W ostatnich latach dochodzi średnio do ponad 80 wypadków dziennie, w których życie traci 8 osób, a ponad 1000 zostaje rannych. Z tego powodu zasadne jest dokonanie analizy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego środków transportu biorących udział w wypadkach drogowych w celu jego poprawy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że do największej liczby wypadków drogowych dochodzi pomiędzy rowerzystami a kierującymi samochodami osobowymi, a także kierującymi motocyklami o poj. powyżej 125 cm3 a kierującymi samochodami osobowymi. Z tego też powodu należy podjąć działania profilaktyczne, aby zmniejszyć liczbę wypadków w tym zakresie.

5

Motor vehicle tax collection and its possible impact on the number of traffic accidents: a correlation analysis

Poliaková Adela, Malik Jakub

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2025

|

Vol. 109, nr 3

80--95

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact between motor vehicle tax collection and the number of road accidents in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries between 2017 and 2023. The research hypothesises that the level of tax revenue can influence road safety, either directly through infrastructure investment or indirectly through regulatory influence on driver behaviour. The study used correlation analysis to examine the links between tax collection, traffic accidents and road conditions. The results showed that in Slovakia and Poland there is a positive correlation between the amount of revenue and the number of accidents, while in Hungary a slightly negative correlation was identified. In the Czech Republic, no significant relationship was found. The study concludes that the amount of taxes collected alone is not a determinant of road safety. Efficient reinvestment of tax revenues and transparent financing of infrastructure are shown to be key to improving road safety.

6

Evaluation of factors affecting the number of traffic accidents

Gorzelańczyk Piotr, Piątkowski Piotr

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2024

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Vol. 27

87--103

EN

Year after year, the number of traffic accidents is decreasing. This value in recent years has been influenced mainly by the pandemic. However, the value is still very high. For this reason, every effort should be made to reduce the number of traffic accidents. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the factors affecting the number of traffic accidents according to weather conditions. For this purpose, a random selection was made of 10 measurement points in Poland, for which the following parameters were analyzed: traffic volume on the road and the number of accidents at the analyzed points. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the number of road accidents is most influenced by factors such as good weather conditions, as well as cloudy and rainy days. In addition, based on the study, the weights of factors affecting the number of traffic accidents are as follows: good weather 0.5406; rain 0.1529; cloudy 0, 3065.

7

A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Road Accidents

Budzyński Artur, Federowicz Mikołaj, Jabłoński Adam, Hasan Wesam, Gorszanów Jan, Nikitishyn Taras

Safety & Defense

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2024

|

2

60--70

EN

Road accidents pose significant challenges to public safety and necessitate proactive measures to mitigate them. This paper introduces a machine-learning approach for predicting road accident incidences, leveraging diverse datasets encompassing traffic patterns, weather conditions, and historical accident records. The proposed model integrates feature engineering techniques to capture the multifaceted nature of variables influencing accidents. Through the application of advanced machine learning algorithms, such as ensemble methods and neural networks, the model aims to discern complex patterns within the data, facilitating accurate predictions of accident likelihood. The study also explores the interpretability of the model outputs, providing insights into the key predictors and their interactions. Validation and performance assessment involve rigorous testing on diverse datasets to ensure the generalizability and robustness of the predictive model. The outcomes of this research hold promise for the development of proactive road safety strategies and the implementation of targeted interventions, ultimately contributing to reducing road accidents and their associated societal impacts.

8

Predicting Road Accident Counts in Poland and the Czech Republic Using Neural Network Models

Gorzelańczyk Piotr, Ližbetinová Lenka, Pečman Jan

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

|

Tom 26

603--615

EN

Every year, there is a decline in the number of car accidents reported in Poland, the Czech Republic, and globally. While recent trends due to the pandemic have influenced these figures, the overall rate remains significant. Therefore, it is crucial to take measures aimed at reducing this number. The primary focus of this article is to analyze the traffic accident statistics for Poland and the Czech Republic. Annual data regarding traffic incidents in both countries has been scrutinized to achieve this. Projections for 2024 to 2030 have been developed based on police reports. Various neural network models were utilized to forecast the number of accidents. The findings indicate that the number of traffic incidents is likely to stabilize. This stabilization can be viewed in the context of the increasing number of vehicles on the roads and the expansion of new highways. Additionally, selecting sample sizes for training, testing, and validation is crucial in influencing the results. Forecasting the number of traffic accidents is important for environmental protection, as accidents can lead to air and water pollution and increase noise, negatively affecting human health and ecosystems.

9

Evaluation of the influence of the trailer mass centre position on the stopping distance of the vehicle combination. Experimental verification of calculations using a simulation model

Kąkol Marcin, Lozia Zbigniew

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2024

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nr 3(88)

55--76

EN

The paper presents the results of experimental verification of the constructed simulation model of the two-axle vehicle - single-axle unbraked trailer assembly. The model describes the effect of the trailer’s centre of mass position on the braking distance. The constructed model and the assumptions adopted for its construction are described at the beginning. The acquired geometric and mass data of the vehicles used for the tests are presented. The further part of the paper describes road tests in real conditions, where the braking distance of the towing vehicle itself and the towing vehicle - loaded (in six variants) single-axle unbraked trailer assembly were assessed. The parameters of the road surface on which the tests were conducted were determined. During the tests, the distance travelled by the vehicles and the force applied to the brake pedal were recorded. The results of experimental verification of the constructed simulation model are presented, where the values of the braking distance and deceleration were assessed. The model with confirmed usefulness will be used as a software component, which will be a real effect of implementation in the workplace of the solution of one of the co-authors of this study. A utilitarian effect will also be obtained, expanding the knowledge of people dealing with the issue of road accidents (court experts and car appraisers). The summary contains conclusions and comments for further research. The research was carried out as part of the statutory work conducted at the Military Institute of Armoured and Automotive Technology.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki weryfikacji eksperymentalnej zbudowanego modelu symulacyjnego zespołu pojazd dwuosiowy - jednoosiowa niehamowana przyczepa. Model opisuje wpływ położenia środka masy przyczepy na długość drogi hamowania. Na wstępie opisano zbudowany model i przyjęte do jego budowy założenia. Zaprezentowano pozyskane dane geometryczne i masowe pojazdów użytych do badań. W dalszej części pracy opisano próby drogowe w warunkach rzeczywistych, gdzie oceniana była długość drogi hamowania samego pojazdu ciągnącego oraz zespołu pojazd ciągnący - załadowana (w sześciu wariantach) jednoosiowa niehamowana przyczepa. Wyznaczono parametry nawierzchni jezdni, na której prowadzone były badania. W trakcie badań rejestrowano przebytą przez pojazdy drogę oraz siłę nacisku na pedale hamulca. Przedstawiono wyniki weryfikacji eksperymentalnej zbudowanego modelu symulacyjnego, gdzie oceniano wartości drogi i opóźnienia hamowania. Model o potwierdzonej przydatności zostanie wykorzystany jako składnik oprogramowania, które stanowić będzie realny efekt wdrożenia w miejscu pracy jednego ze współautorów niniejszego opracowania. Pozyskany zostanie również efekt utylitarny rozszerzający wiedzę osób zajmujących się problematyką wypadków drogowych (biegłych sądowych i rzeczoznawców samochodowych). Podsumowanie zawiera wnioski i uwagi dla dalszych badań. Badania wykonywane były w ramach pracy statutowej prowadzonej w Wojskowym Instytucie Techniki Pancernej i Samochodowej.

10

Ekologiczny aspekt transportu miejskiego w kontekście bezpieczeństwa na drogach: analiza wypadków drogowych w Polsce w latach 2014–2021

Bizoń-Pożyczka Ewa

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2024

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nr 1

62--75

PL

Rosnące zatłoczenie centrów miast, związane z tym zanieczyszczenie powietrza i hałas powodują dyskomfort mieszkańców. Należy więc propagować korzystanie z alternatywnych form transportu. Celem ogólnym artykułu jest pokazanie, jak zmiana sposobu podróżowania na ekologiczny wpływa na zmniejszenie ryzyka wypadku drogowego, jednocześnie stanowiąc element polityki zielonego transportu. Rozważania teoretyczne zawierają przegląd literatury – przedstawiono zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju, w tym zielonego transportu. Część empiryczna dotyczy badania, w jaki sposób cel zrównoważonego rozwoju SDG-13 pod nazwą „działania w dziedzinie ochrony klimatu” (takie jak ograniczenie korzystania z samochodów spalinowych) jest powiązany z bezpieczeństwem na drogach, stanowiącym element celu SDG-3 pod nazwą „dobre zdrowie i jakość życia”. Badanie wypadkowości na drogach w Polsce potwierdziło tezę o mniejszym ryzyku udziału w wypadku komunikacyjnym w przypadku poruszania się rowerem, motocyklem lub pieszo w porównaniu z kierowaniem samochodem osobowym, co może stanowić argument zachęcający do zmiany pojazdu ze spalinowego samochodu osobowego na bardziej ekologiczny i przyczyni się do realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju w aspekcie środowiskowym.

EN

The growing crowding of city centres and the related air and noise pollution cause discomfort for residents. The use of alternative forms of transport should be promoted. The general aim of the article is to show how changing the way of traveling to an ecological one reduces the risk of road accidents while constituting an element of the green transport policy. Theoretical considerations include a literature review and the principles of sustainable development, including green transport. The empirical part examines how the Sustainable Development Goal SDG-13 titled actions in the field of climate protection (such as limiting the use of combustion cars) is related to road safety, which is part of the SDG-3 goal: good health and quality of life. A study of road accidents in Poland confirmed the thesis that the risk of being involved in a traffic accident is lower when traveling by bicycle, motorcycle or on foot compared to driving a passenger car, which may be an argument encouraging employees and residents to change their vehicle from an internal combustion passenger car to a more ecological and at the same time, it will contribute to the implementation of sustainable development goals in the environmental aspect.

11

Estimating the number of accidents on Poland's roads based on the kind of road

Gorzelańczyk Piotr

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2024

|

Vol. 106, nr 4

5--17

EN

On Polish highways, a staggering number of individuals pass away each year. The quantity is still quite large even if the value is declining year after year. The value of traffic accidents has greatly decreased due to the epidemic, but it is still quite high. In order to reduce this number, it is required to identify the roads where the majority of accidents occur and to understand the predicted number of accidents in the upcoming years. The article's goal is to predict how many accidents will occur on Polish roads based on the kind of roads. In order to achieve this, yearly data from the Police's statistics for the years 2001–2021 on the number of accidents in Poland were analyzed, and a prediction for the years 2022–2024 was generated. As is evident, either the number of accidents is rising or it is stabilizing. This is mostly caused by the rise in automobile traffic. Additionally, predictions indicate that given the existing circumstances, a significant rise in the number of accidents on Polish roads may be anticipated. This is especially evident on the nation's growing number of freeways. It should be remembered that the current epidemic distorts the findings. Selected time series models were used in the investigation in Statistica.

12

The use of neural networks to forecast the number of road accidents in Poland

Gorzelańczyk Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

45--54

EN

Every year, a large number of traffic accidents occur on Polish roads. However, the pandemic of recent years has reduced the number of these accidents, although the number is still very high. For this reason, all measures should be taken to reduce this number. This article aims to forecast the number of road accidents in Poland. Thus, using Statistica software, the annual data on the number of road accidents in Poland were analyzed. Based on actual past data, a forecast was made for the future, for the period 2022-2040. Forecasting the number of accidents in Poland was conducted using selected neural network models. The results show that a reduction in the number of traffic accidents is likely. The choice of the number of random samples (learning, testing and validation) affects the results obtained.

13

Odpowiedzialność karna operatora testowanego pojazdu autonomicznego za spowodowanie wypadku drogowego

Niemiec Marcin

Paragraf na Drodze

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2023

|

Nr 1

9--19

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka odpowiedzialności karnej za spowodowanie wypadku przez operatora testowanego pojazdu autonomicznego. Autor analizuje zapisy Oddziału 6 ustawy Prawo o ruchu drogowym (Wykorzystanie dróg na potrzeby prac badawczych nad pojazdami autonomicznymi), w którym znalazły się przepisy zezwalające na prowadzenie na drogach publicznych przejazdów testowych pojazdów autonomicznych. W artykule podjęta została próba zdefiniowania kierującego takim pojazdem, wskazane zostały jego obowiązki, a także wyjaśniono użyte w ustawie pojęcie „prac badawczych”. Rozważania rozszerzone są o kwestię określenia zarzucanego czynu w przypadku konieczności przedstawienia zarzutów operatorowi pojazdu autonomicznego w toku postępowania karnego. W trakcie przygotowywania artykułu wykorzystano metody badawcze, takie jak analiza tekstu normatywnego, analiza poglądów doktryny oraz orzecznictwa, a także analiza przypadku indywidualnego. Artykuł ma znaczenie dla podmiotów prowadzących lub nadzorujących postępowanie karne - zarówno na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego, jak i sądowego - albowiem odnosi się do problematyki, która w ustawie Prawo o ruchu drogowym pozostała niezdefiniowana oraz niewyjaśniona.

EN

The issues of the liability for causing an accident by the operator of a tested autonomous vehicle are discussed. The author analyzes the provisions of Section 6 of the Act on Road Traffic (The use of roads for the purpose of research work on autonomous vehicles), which include regulations allowing testing autonomous vehicles on public roads. A definition of the operator of such a vehicle is proposed together with his/her responsibilities. Also, the term “research work” used in the Act is clarified. Moreover, the issue of specifying the charge laid in the case of the necessity to bring a charge against an autonomous vehicle operator in the course of criminal proceedings is considered. In the preparation of the paper research methods including the analysis of the normative text, the analysis of the views of doctrine and judicial decisions as well as the analysis of an individual case were employed. The paper is of significance for organs conducting or supervising criminal proceedings - at both pre-trail and trial stages - because it concerns the issues which in the Act on road traffic have not been so far defined or elucidated.

14

Urban traffic incident management, using network analysis to improve the evacuation time to healthcare facilities

Saker Adel, Akakba Ahmed

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

|

2023

|

no. 3

109--119

EN

The city of Biskra is ranked the second city in Algeria with the highest traffic accident rate. There are multiple causes of accidents that derive from the diversity of traffic. In addition, its geographical location as a crossroads between the northeast and the south of Algeria is a major factor. Biskra is also considered a commercial and industrial city that receives daily large flows of travellers and merchandise. Traffic accidents are a complex problems that is dealt with in several approaches. In this research, from a geographical point of view, we will contribute to improve the trajectory of intervention and evacuation. Therefore, this research paper aims to create a geodatabase including the road network with associated entities to carry out spatiotemporal analyses and evaluate the service area of health facilities in terms of the nearest path. This paper uses GIS tools for evacuation to the public hospital employing a Network Analyst. This study may serve as a decision-making aid for the local authorities of this city in terms of evacuation and intervention in the event of a road accident. It provides real-time information on the location of the accident and the nearest path along with an estimated time. The outputs of these analyses can determine a map of accessibility, which allows for training in order to improve the real-time evacuation. As a result, this approach will lead to the reduction of evacuation time by less than 10 minutes, and thus leading to a decrease in the number of fatalities.

15

Analysis of road accident causes in the voivodships in the years 2014-2021 in the aspect of socio-economic costs – towards the implementation of sustainable development

Pangsy-Kania Sylwia, Romanowska Aleksandra, Budzyński Marcin, Wierzbicka Katarzyna, Prystrom Joanna

Economics and Environment

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2023

|

No. 2

308--327

EN

The article addresses the topic of road safety. The objective of the research was to assess road accidents caused by voivodships. The analysis took account of the socio-economic differences in the voivodships, which deter-mine the unit costs of fatalities and injuries. A descriptive analysis is given to show the dynamics of changes in the years 2014-2021 in the voivodships and how different factors influenced change. The article analyses the relation between road safety and the region’s socio-economic development. Data availability determined the time series applied. As we know from research, accidents fall in relation to the (demographic) density of improved roads. Accidents increase, however, in relation to the density of population and GDP per capita. These relations take the opposite direction if the (demographic) fatality rate or accident severity rate (fatalities per 100 accidents) is the dependent variable. Socio-economic losses were estimated using Statistics Poland data. To value the unit costs of road accidents, the PANDORA method was used. The analysis helped to group the voivodships for their highest and lowest socio-economic costs of road accidents with a special focus on the unit costs of road deaths. The originality of the research is related to the updated voivodship level research.

PL

W artykule podjęta została problematyka bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego (brd). Zmniejszenie liczby ofiar rannych i śmiertelnych w wypadkach drogowych wpisuje się w cel Agendy 2030 na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju. Celem prac badawczych była ocena przyczyn wypadków drogowych w podziale na województwa. Analiza była prowadzona w kontekście zróżnicowania rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, który determinuje koszty jednostkowe ofiar śmiertelnych i rannych w poszczególnych województwach. W opracowaniu zawarta została analiza opisowa, dzięki której ukazana została dynamika zmian w latach 2014-2021 w województwach oraz przedstawione zostały zmiany względem różnych czynników. W artykule przeprowadzona została analiza zależności brd od rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego województw. Szereg czasowy determinowany był dostępnością danych. Z badań wynika, że wraz z gęstością (demograficzną) dróg o ulepszonej nawierzchni spada liczba wypadków. Natomiast wraz z gęstością zaludnienia i PKB na mieszkańca liczba wypadków rośnie. Zależności mają odwrotny kierunek, jeżeli za zmienną zależną przyjęty został wskaźnik (demo-graficzny) śmiertelności lub wskaźnik ciężkości wypadków (ofiar śmiertelnych na 100 wypadków). Analizowane w artykule straty społeczno-ekonomiczne, należące do pośrednich skutków wypadków drogowych i oparte na kosztach utraconej produkcji w wyniku przedwczesnej śmierci albo niezdolności do pracy osób rannych z powodu wypadku, zostały oszacowane na podstawie danych GUS. W wycenie kosztów jednostkowych zdarzeń drogowych skorzystano z metody PANDORA. Analiza pozwoliła na pogrupowanie województw z punktu widzenia generowania najwyższych i najniższych kosztów społeczno-ekonomicznych wypadków drogowych ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na koszty jednostkowe ofiar śmiertelnych. Oryginalność wyników badań odnosi się uaktualnienia badań na poziomie województw.

16

Road traffic safety: a case study of the Pila poviat in Poland

Gorzelanczyk Piotr, Huk Aleksander

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 114

31--42

EN

Every year, many road accidents occur on Polish roads, in which many people lose their lives and health. Therefore, an attempt was made to analyze road accidents in the Piła poviat. The source of the analysis were the authors' observations and statistical data. This study was conducted on a sample of 250 inhabitants. Hence, a questionnaire was used. Most people, more than half, about 56%, travel by car because it is a more convenient and faster means of transport. While 35% of respondents stated that they feel relatively safe on the roads. A majority, 65%, of the respondents did not participate in a road accident. Further, 60% of the respondents replied that there were many accidents in the Piła poviat, and only 11% answered that there were not many accidents. According to the respondents, the biggest cause of the accidents is alcohol, inattention of drivers and haste. Despite the information, advertisements, scale of these accidents, and opinions of family and friends, people still drive under the influence of alcohol. Year by year, the number of accidents on the roads of the Piła poviat is low, but still considerably high. There is no best way to stop this from happening. In Piła itself, circular intersections have been introduced to improve safety, such an operation is one of the methods for smoother traffic. Additionally, in residential areas, there are more speed bumps to reduce the speed of vehicles. The conclusions obtained in this article can be successfully implemented, not only in other cities in Poland but also in Europe as well.

17

The costs of road accidents in Poland

Krupińska Agnieszka

Transport Samochodowy

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2022

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z. 1

28--31

EN

The article describes the problem of road accidents in statistical terms. The costs of road accidents were presented in a measurable and non-measurable context. Total and unit costs have been discussed.

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano problem wypadków drogowych w ujęciu statystycznym. Przedstawiono koszty wypadków drogowych, w kontekście wymiernym i niewymiernym. Omówiono koszty całkowite oraz jednostkowe.

18

Road safety and the causes of road accidents in Poland

Gorzelanczyk Piotr, Jurkovič Martin, Skibińska Justyna, Kalina Tomáš

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 3

17--30

EN

The number of road traffic accidents in the world has been increasing. This is mainly related to the constant increase in road traffic. The aim of this article is to examine the causes of road accidents in Poland in terms of road traffic safety. For this purpose, road incidents that occurred in Poland were analysed. In order to verify the presented statistical data on the state of safety in Poland, a survey was carried out to indicate the factors that most often cause traffic accidents. Possibilities for increasing the efficiency of traffic safety and an evaluation of the level of safety in vehicles were also part of the survey. The results showed that the state of RS, in the opinion of the respondents, is poor. The respondents correctly indicated the most frequent causes of road accidents, which confirms their knowledge in the field of road safety. The survey also showed that the activities of the police nd programmes for increasing safety need improvement. According to the respondents, the actions that should be taken to improve safety are, first of all, the improvement of the technical condition of roads and the modernisation of road infrastructure. In addition, the survey showed that most men are car drivers, while women primarily travel on foot; the results also showed that the knowledge of RS is better among women.

19

Transport safety in road traffic - the condition and preventive measures as assessed by the respondents

Sroka Mariusz

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2022

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Vol. 4, nr 1

67-75

EN

The article presents basic definitions related to road accidents and types of tests carried out in the field of road accidents. The effects of road accidents on participants, drivers as well as social and direct costs of road accidents were discussed. The correct conduct of people involved in a road accident (incident) was presented. In the research part, the most common causes of accidents in Poland were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the participation in accidents of participants under the influence of alcohol. The article ends with a discussion on the presented research results and the resulting conclusions as well as a proposal for preventive actions to reduce the number of road accidents.

20

Wyniki symulacji biomechanicznych opracowanych za pomocą programów V-SIM i PC-Crash

Kędzierski Mirosław

Paragraf na Drodze

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2022

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Nr 2

91--102

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki symulacji biomechanicznych, uzyskanych za pomocą programu V-SIM i PC-Crash. W opracowanych przykładach przyjęto jednakowe główne parametry symulacji oraz wykorzystano uniwersalne i rzeczywiste sylwetki nadwozi pojazdów. Porównania dokonano na podstawie przykładów o różnym stopniu złożoności.

EN

The article presents preliminary results of biomechanical simulations carried out using V-SIM and PC-Crash software packages. In both environments similar simulation parameters were adopted. Both universal and real vehicle body shapes were used. The comparison between the two software packages was done based on examples of different levels of complexity.