Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Model of optimization of the parameters of the delivery process in international traffic

Shramenko Natalya, Merkisz-Guranowska Agnieszka, Trojanowska Justyna, Antosz Katarzyna, Trojanowski Piotr, Shramenko Vladyslav

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 126

221--235

EN

The efficiency of border crossing services depends on a number of parameters, including the scope of control activities, the number of vehicles to be serviced and the human resources involved. The paper presents the mathematical model allowing the optimization of service parameters at the border crossing point. The queuing theory was implemented due to unbalanced nature of processes. Scientific interest of the model relates to the optimization of the parameters in international goods delivery under the conditions of random nature of vehicles arrival, and with the uneven intensity of servicing vehicles by state administrative services at the crossing border. The model takes into account the trade-off between the number of border staff and vehicle handling time. As a result of the application of the model, the handling process at the border crossing can be optimized, which will lead to a reduction of delivery costs in international traffic.

2

Fluid Pressure Analysis and Process Stability in Sheet Hydroforming with Die For Steel Sheets

Jaber Adil Sh., Mohammed Adnan I., Younis Karem M.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2025

|

nr 1 (33)

54--59

EN

To increase the process stability and improve the product quality in the sheet hydroforming with die process, it is crucial for identifying and analyzing the dependence of forming pressure on process parameters. The effects of process parameters (blank holder force, frictional condition) on the forming fluid pressure were thoroughly studied experimentally. The main objective is to establish a relationship between the forming fluid pressure and several factors such as blank holder force and friction between die and sheet. The results demonstrate that the maximum fluid pressure increases with increasing blank holder force and friction. Finally, this relationship aims to support calculations and design data and provide control during the SHF-D process.

3

Predictive Modelling of Time-Dependent Green Sand Moulding Parameters Using the Taguchi Method

Pandit Harshwardhan Chandrakant, Padmakumar Arunkumar, Deshpande Anand

Management and Production Engineering Review

|

2025

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Vol. 16, No. 4

[nr art. 12], s. 1--10

EN

Green sand mould quality plays a pivotal role in casting reliability and dimensional accuracy, yet mould properties degrade over time due to environmental exposure and production delays. This study examines the time-dependent behaviour of critical mould characteristics – green compressive strength (GCS), mould hardness, and permeability – under varying process conditions. Using a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array, the effects of moisture content, ramming time, and holding time were systematically evaluated across 27 experimental setups, with sequential moulding under realistic foundry conditions. Regression models were developed to predict property degradation based on mould age, which is defined as the cumulative moulding and holding time. Results highlight that optimal property retention occurs at moderate ramming times, higher moisture content, and shorter holding periods. Case 2 (4% moisture, 5-second ramming, 10-minute holding) demonstrated the most favourable balance of strength, hardness, and gas permeability. The predictive models exhibited high accuracy (R2 > 0.94), supporting their data-driven mould quality control application. These findings offer practical insights to improve maintainability, reduce casting defects, and enhance process reliability in sand casting operations. The research contributes to the broader goals of sustainable manufacturing and production system optimisation through statistically guided process management.

4

Critical printing parameters in fused deposition modelling of PLA: a literature review for best dimensional accuracy

El Hani Y., Ouballouch A., Zarbane K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 133, nr 2

64--76

EN

Purpose: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), one of the most widely used methods of additive manufacturing (AM), enables the creation of items that are both geometrically complex and can be quickly prototyped. Nonetheless, the quality of FDM printed parts is often limited and related to a multitude of process parameters. The review aims to assist engineers and FDM printer users in selecting optimal parameters for achieving high-dimensional precision. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a systematic literature review method, drawing on recent scientific works that examine the influence of FDM process parameters on dimensional accuracy. The research process included the identification of the most sensitive parameters that influence part quality, the examination of experimental techniques used in previous works, and the development of a guideline for parameter selection. Findings: Most researchers have identified critical factors influencing dimensional accuracy using methods such as Design of Experiments (DOE), Signal-to-Noise (S/N), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Each critical parameter impacting the dimension is discussed, from the import of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to the printing of the model. Among the findings that ensure the superior dimensional accuracy is the quality of the Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file conversion, Direct CAD slicing (if possible), CAD based mesh refinement (if 3D was built from a Computed Tomography (CT)), Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament material, the significant role of lower layer heights, controlled nozzle temperatures, print orientations (horizontal or vertical for radial dimension) and (45° for linear dimension), and slower print speeds. At the same time, other parameters have a minor impact on dimensional accuracy. Research limitations/implications: The review focuses on dimensional accuracy and does not encompass other aspects, such as surface finish and mechanical properties; the conclusions are based on published data rather than original experimentation. Future research could include optimisation tools to enhance dimensional accuracy and extend the reach of FDM technology in high precision industries. Practical implications: The review outlines and offers practical guidance on setting FDM parameters to produce high-quality parts. In addition, it emphasises the importance of continuing investigations on advanced materials and automated parameter optimisation to continue improving FDM technology. Originality/value: The paper offers an updated synthesis of current knowledge on FDM parameter optimisation for dimensional accuracy. By consolidating recent studies into a practical guide for end-users, it bridges the gap between academic research and practical applications, providing clear recommendations that do not require advanced technical expertise.

5

Optimization of fused deposition modeling parameters to enhance tensile strength and surface roughness of polyethylene terephthalate glycol

Shabeeb Alaa Hassan, Abdulwahhab Ahmed Basil, Ismael Hameed S., Ghazi Safaa Kadhim

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 8

345--358

EN

The wide examination of FDM as an industrial additive manufacturing technique appears because it provides design freedom alongside improved material efficiency and reasonable cost. This study's main objective is to investigate the relationship of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process parameters with the tensile properties and surface roughness of Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) parts. A response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing Box–Behnken design methodology studied three essential parameters consisting of infill density and layer height, together with plate temperature. The analysis demonstrated that layer height proved to be the main element affecting tensile strength because it contributed 80.9% of the experimental variations, while infill density stood out as the leading determinant of surface roughness, which was responsible for 78% of the contribution. Experimental testing proved that the predictive model showed accurate results when validated through measurements of tensile strength, which produced maximum errors of 1.28%, and surface roughness, which yielded maximum errors of 6.54%. A desirability analysis indicated that the ideal parameters of the roughness and tensile strength of the printed parts included an infill density of 64.24% combined with a layer height of 0.1813 mm and plate temperature of 51.46°C. These outcomes provide a comprehensive understanding of process parameter effects that result in quality PETG parts with mechanical performance. The two-axis optimization methodology for PETG also enhances its use in functional engineering systems that require simultaneous mechanical durability and manufacturing accuracy.

6

Optimization of fused deposition modeling parameters for polyethylene terephthalate glycol flexural strength and dimensional accuracy

Abdulridha HInd Hadi, Obaeed Nareen Hafidh, Jaber Adil Shbeeb

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 4

50--64

EN

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) that has received significant interest from researchers and industries due to its flexibility in design, efficient use of materials, and affordable costs. In this paper, the main objective is to investigate the influences of FDM process parameters on the flexural properties as well as the accuracy of the final part made from polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) material, which is widely used for 3D printing due to its strength and ease of use. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach based on a Box–Behnken design was employed, with three key process parameters: infill line distance, wall line count, and build plate temperature. The analysis of the data indicated that all three parameters affected the inherent characteristics of the printed parts, including mechanical and dimensional characteristics of the printed parts. The build plate temperature was identified as the most significant parameter, contributing 53% of the variability in the flexural strength of the printed specimens and 39.7% to deviation in the dimensional accuracy of the specimens, as indicated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). A comparison between the predicted values of the model and the corresponding experimental results showed the suitability of the developed model with high accuracy. The maximum percentage errors observed in this study were 3.4% for the flexural strength and 7.5% for the dimension accuracy, establishing the efficacy of the optimization technique. These outcomes are meaningful to understand the influences of the process parameters on material response and offer a systematic approach to develop structurally enhanced PETG parts with improved mechanical characteristics and geometric dimensions.

7

The impact of the intermodal terminal operation strategy on container train loading duration

Kłodawski Michał, Nehring Karol, Jachimowski Roland, Lipińska Justyna

Transport Problems

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2024

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T. 19, z. 2

163--176

EN

The aim of the article was to study the impact of various real-life factors determining the container train loading process duration. Various strategies of the crane operation were considered. Among the factors influencing the train loading duration, railcar hitching pin configuration, container weight, railcar capacity, and arrangement of containers in the storage yard were considered. The FlexSim simulation model of the container terminal was developed, covering the storage yard and the railway track. The analysis shows that the number of containers collected directly from the storage yard has the greatest impact on the train loading duration.

8

Predicting mechanical strength and optimized parameters in FDM-printed polylactic acid parts via artificial neural networks and desirability analysis

Abdulridha HInd H., Abbas Tahseen F., Bedan Aqeel S.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

|

2024

|

nr 3 (32)

428--437

EN

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) technique in both domestic and industrial end-product fabrications. It produces prototypes and parts with complex geometric designs, which has the major benefits of eliminating the need for expensive tooling and flexibility. However, the produced parts often face poor part strength due to anisotropic fabrication strategies. The printing procedure, the kind of material utilized, and the printing parameters all have a significant impact on the mechanical characteristics of the printed item. In order to predict the mechanical properties related to printed components made with the use of FDM and Polylactic Acid (PLA) material, this study concentrates on developing a prediction model utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This study used the Taguchi design of experiments technique, utilizing (L25) orthogonal array as well as a Neural Network (NN) method with two layers and 15 neurons. The effect of FDM parameters (layer thickness (mm), percentage of infill density, number of top/bottom layers, shell thickness (mm), and infill overlap percentage) on ultimate tensile and compressive strength (UTS and UCS) was examined through analysis of variance (ANOVA). With an ANOVA result of 67.183% and 40.198%, respectively, infill density percentage was found to be the most significant factor influencing UCS and UTS dependent on other parameters. The predicted results demonstrated valuable agreement with experimental values, with mean squared errors of (0.098) and (0.326) for UTS and UCS, respectively. The predictive model produces flexibility in selecting the optimal setting based on applications.

9

The Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA 3D Printed Parts

Axinte Mihai, Chicet Daniela Lucia, Chelariu Romeu, Comăneci Radu Ioachim

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 4

1621--1627

EN

In this paper, the effect of two process parameters on the mechanical properties of tensile specimens made by FDM was studied. A commercially available PLA filament (produced by Prusa) was used as raw material, from which several sets of specimens were produced, the varied parameters being the raster angle (RA) relative to the longitudinal axis of the specimen and the overflow (OF). Thus, three printing angles were chosen, 0°, 22.5° and 45°, each set of specimens being made with an OF of 95%, 100% and 105% respectively. The printed layer was chosen with a standard thickness of 0.2 mm. For the analysis of the mechanical properties, the specimen sets were subjected to tensile testing on an Instron 3382 machine and the results obtained were interpreted comparatively. Additionally, the fracture surfaces of the specimens were analysed by stereomicroscope. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis of experimental data indicated that both parameters and their interaction significantly influence the specimen weight but, in the case of mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, yield strength, tensile strength, yield elongation and tensile elongation) were insignificantly influenced by both process parameters. In this context regardless of raster angle, an overflow of 95% provides the same mechanical properties as an overflow of 105%, but at a minimum weight sample.

10

Investigate the Effect of Chemical Post Processing on the Surface Roughness of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Parts

Abdulridha HInd Hadi, Abbas Tahseen Fadhil, Bedan Aqeel Sabree

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

47--60

EN

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology is one of the rapidly growing techniques used for producing various complicated configurations without the need for any tools or continuous human intervention. However, a low quality of surfaces results for the layered production used in FDM. It is essential to investigate a suitable method for enhancing the accuracy and quality associated with FDM parts. This study aims to investigate the impact of different parameters such as the percentage of infill density, the shell thickness, layer thickness, and the number of top/bottom layers, as well as the percentage of infill overlap on part quality and the improvement of surface finish for printed specimens achieved through post-processing. Polylactic acid (PLA) material is used in building test specimens through the FDM approach. The experiments are carried out based on the Taguchi design of experiment method using (L25) orthogonal array. Using an analysis-of-variance approach (ANOVA), it is possible to understand the significance of the FDM parameters in order to find optimal parameter combinations. The results indicate that the application of the vapour smoothing procedure (VSP) treatment enhances the surface quality of FDM components to a microstage with minimal dimensional variation. The dichloromethane chemical has been found to exhibit excellent surface finish at an infill density of 50%, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a shell thickness of 2.8 mm, five top/bottom layer numbers, and 0.25 infill overlap.

11

A comprehensive review of polymer materials and selective laser sintering technology for 3D printing

Jabri F. E., Ouballouch A., Lasri L., Alaiji R. El

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 118, nr 1

5--17

EN

Purpose: This review analyses different approaches used to study selective laser sintering (SLS) technology of polymer materials. These main approaches concern: thermal behaviour, fatigue and surface roughness. Design/methodology/approach: Regarding the first behaviour, researchers extensively studied the impact of process parameters, including scan speed, laser, power and laser energy density, on the thermal behaviour of 3D printed parts. Numerical and experimental analyses are used to conduct process parameter evaluations. Findings: Laser power and scan speed are the most significant parameters of the laser energy density. For the second, according to test protocols and quantitative analysis performed, the authors concluded that the combination of small and large laser energy density particles generates higher sintering and better fatigue resistance. Moreover, tensile analysis in different environments showed that testing in the water decreased the fatigue life of polymer samples. The influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of 3D parts is also analysed. In addition, the investigators found that the additives increase the surface roughness of 3D printed parts. Practical implications: This review shows that researchers can focus on creating a combination of these approaches to expand the use of this process for industrial part production. Originality/value: All these investigations have made it possible to determine the optimal process conditions to ensure higher quality, optimal surface quality and better fatigue strength.

12

Analysis and Investigation the Effect of the Printing Parameters on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of PLA Parts Fabricated via FDM Printing

Abdulridha HInd Hadi, Abbas Tahseen Fadhil

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 6

49--62

EN

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) technique that creates prototypes and parts with intricate geometrical designs. It is gaining popularity since it enhances products by removing the need for expensive equipment. The printed item's mechanical properties are affected by the type of materials used, the printing process, and the printing parameters. The 3-D model of the polylactic acid (PLA) filament generated specimens was created using the Fused Deposition Modeling procedure and developed using Solid Works. This study investigates the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical and physical properties of samples printed using a Fused Deposition Modeling machine (Creality Ender-5 Pro). Six parameters are used: infill pattern, density, overlap percentage, layer thickness, shell thickness, and top/bottom layer number. Five levels were chosen for each FDM parameter. The results illustrated how printing parameters affected the mechanical and physical properties of samples, which were proven by ultimate tensile stress, surface roughness, and percentage of tensile average deviation. A comparison between the predicted results and the measured results was presented, and the maximum percentage error of the model, which fit the data well, was 0.54%, 0.3%, and 1.36% for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), surface roughness (Ra), and Tensile average deviation percentage respectively.

13

Effect of parameters of the stereolithography process on the part quality

Lewiński Tomasz, Kukiełka Krzysztof, Chaciński Tomasz, Jaskólski Piotr

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 6, No 2

1--12

EN

This paper investigates the effect of additive manufacturing parameters on the manufacturing quality of selected gear mechanism components. Three input variables, and two output variables were determined. The result was the determination of the most optimal combination of key parameters and the determination of regression equations. The concept of manufacturing objects of a very complex shape, by any person, under various conditions through the use of a low-cost device became the basis for this thesis topic. Curing time, layer thickness, and lift speed are among the basic parameters, with a large range of manipulation. A hypothesis was formulated that these three parameters are crucial to produce a part with the smallest possible deviations from the computer model. A handheld scanner was used to scan the samples and compare them with the CAD model. Based on the study, optimal parameters for layer thickness, curing time and lift speed were proposed.

14

Extended friction stir welding applications and the use of an innovative FSW head

Nowak Mirosław, Szostek Paweł, Nowak Marcin

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2022

|

Vol. 66, No. 5

61--72

EN

The article presents general information about friction stir welding process (FSW) as a welding method involving the stirring of the weld material, discusses the course of the welding process itself, describes the structure of the FSW joint, presents advantages and disadvantages of the method as well as discusses factors affecting the quality of FSW joints. In addition, the article describes an innovative FSW head (designed by Stirweld (France) and installed on CNC machines) as well as illustrates the operation of the head and enumerates the advantages resulting from the use of the head in comparison with those characteristic of “conventional” friction stir welding machines.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ogólne informacje na temat metody zgrzewania z mieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny FSW (Friction Stir Welding). Scharakteryzowano przebieg procesu zgrzewania, opisano budowę złącza, przedstawiono i omówiono wady oraz zalety metody, a także czynniki wpływające na jakość połączeń. W publikacji opisano innowacyjną głowicę do zgrzewania FSW firmy Stirweld (Francja), instalowaną na frezarkach CNC. Zilustrowano proces działania głowicy oraz omówiono korzyści wynikające z jej zastosowania w porównaniu ze zgrzewarkami FSW.

15

Parametric Analysis on the Progression of Mechanical Properties on FSW of Aluminum-Copper Plates

Deepati Anil Kumar, Alhazmi Waleed, Zakri Waleed, Shaban Essam, Biswas Pankaj

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

|

Vol. 16, no. 2

168--178

EN

The contemporary work manifests that friction stir welding (FSW) is a viable avenue for joining AA1100 aluminium (Al) to C12200 copper (Cu) plates. In this present study, the response of distinctive welding parameters (viz. tool geometries, tool rotational speed, tool travel speed, and tool plunging depth) on weld quality has been investigated. The present work focused on both microstructural investigation and mechanical properties examination. It has been observed that the process parameters have significant effects on weld quality. The design of the experiments has been executed considering four welding input parameters in two variables and selected L-16 orthogonal array to limit the experimental replications. It has been observed that good quality of welds produced by keeping the tool pin offset around 4mm towards the aluminium side and 2mm towards the copper side. And it has also been noticed that right-hand threaded tool pins are giving good weld quality compared to left-handed thread. The joint efficiencies for the welds E2, E14 which were welded by RHT tools were 75.3% and 74.61% and the Strength (UTS) of the welds for the same tools exhibit’s greater than the LHT tools i.e., 98 and 95Mpa. Moderate hardness values are observed for the same welds E1 and E14 with the parameters 1100rpm, 98welding speed, and 1.6mm tool plunge depth. . It also noticed that the weld quality can be significantly enhanced by using proper tool plunge and tool pin geometries compared to the other process parameters.

16

Influence of mold design and injection parameters on warpage deformation of thin-walled plastic parts

Wang Bo, Cai Anjiang

Polimery

|

2021

|

T. 66, nr 5

283--292

EN

Thin-walled plastic parts are susceptible to deformation during injection molding. Using the example of a notebook battery cover, optimization of the injection mold design and injection process parameters was performed with Moldflow software, which resulted in about 69% reduction of the deformations. Moreover, the uneven material shrinkage during the injection process has been shown to be the main cause of deformations of thin-walled plastic parts.

PL

Cienkościenne elementy z tworzyw polimerowych są podatne na odkształcenia podczas formowania metodą wtryskiwania. Na przykładzie pokrywy baterii notebooka dokonano optymalizacji konstrukcji formy wtryskowej oraz parametrów procesu wtrysku w programie Moldflow, co pozwoliło na zmniejszenie odkształceń o około 69%. Ponadto wykazano, że nierównomierny skurcz materiału podczas procesu wtryskiwania jest główną przyczyną deformacji cienkościennych elementów z tworzyw polimerowych.

17

Influence of FFF process parameters and macrostructure homogeneity on PLA impact strength

Bączkowski Michał, Marciniak Dawid, Bieliński Marek

Polimery

|

2021

|

T. 66, nr 9

480--483

EN

The article presents studies of the additive manufacturing printing parameters influence on the impact strength of PLA samples obtained by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. Two process variables were taken into account in the research program: the height of the printed layer and the printing temperature. An optical microscope was used to analyze the cross-section image (breakthrough) of the samples. The impact strength was determined at −40°C and 23°C. Selected geometric features of the macrostructure (uniformity and thickness of individual layers, voids) determined on the basis of the sample cross-section image analysis, enhanced the possibility of assessing the PLA impact strength, depending on the adopted process variables and the temperature at which the experiment was carried out.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania wpływu parametrów druku addytywnego na udarność próbek z PLA otrzymanych metodą FFF (fused filament fabrication). W programie badań uwzględniono dwie zmienne procesowe: wysokość drukowanej warstwy i temperaturę druku. Do analizy obrazu przełomu próbek wykorzystano mikroskop optyczny. Oznaczono udarność w temperaturze -40°C oraz 23°C. Wybrane cechy geometryczne makrostruktury (równomierność i grubość poszczególnych warstw, puste przestrzenie) wyznaczone na podstawie analizy obrazu przekroju próbek, pogłębiły możliwość oceny udarności PLA w zależności od przyjętych zmiennych procesowych, a także temperatury w jakiej zrealizowano eksperyment.

18

Experimental modeling of the milling process of aluminum alloys used in the aerospace industry

Țîțu Aurel Mihail, Pop Alina Bianca, Nabiałek Marcin, Dragomir Camelia Cristina, Sandu Andrei Victor

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2021

|

Vol. 69, nr 5

art. no. e138565

EN

This research presents an experimental study carried out for the modeling and optimization of some technological parameters for the machining of metallic materials. Certain controllable factors were analyzed such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed per tooth. A dedicated research methodology was used to obtain a model which subsequently led to a process optimization by performing a required number of experiments utilizing the Minitab software application. The methodology was followed, and the optimal value of the surface roughness was obtained by the milling process for an aluminum alloy type 7136-T76511. A SECO cutting tool was used, which is standard in aluminum machining by milling. Experiments led to defining a cutting regime that was optimal and which shows that the cutting speed has a significant influence on the quality of the machined surface and the depth of cut and feed per tooth has a relatively small impact on the chosen ranges of process parameters.

19

Multi-objective optimization of process parameters in cold forging minimizing risk of crack and forging energy

Kitayama Satoshi, Kadoya Shimon, Takano Masahiro, Kobayashi Akio

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 21, no. 3

795--806

EN

In this paper, a typical cold forging process using spring-held die is considered, in which the process parameters such as stiffness of spring, the initial loads and the punch speed are conventionally adjusted by the trial-and-error method for high product quality. The target product has the earing, around which the crack is often observed by the conventional process parameters. To avoid the crack around the earing, the process parameters optimization is performed through numerical simulation using DEFORM3D, in which two objective functions are considered. The risk of crack is numerically evaluated and is minimized, whereas the total forging energy using the load-stroke diagram is also minimized. Therefore, the multi-objective design optimization is performed. The numerical simulation is so intensive that sequential approximate optimization using radial basis function network is adopted to identify the pareto-frontier between the objectives with a small number of simulations. Compared with the product using the conventional process parameters, the optimal process parameters can reduce both the risk of crack and the total forging energy. In addition, the flow lines along the product shape can be obtained by using the optimal process parameters. Based on the numerical result, the experiment using the mechanical press (IST100W, ITO) is carried out. No crack is observed in the experiment, and then the validity of the proposed approach is confirmed.

20

Research of the Tool Velocity and Product Shape Aspects of the Hot Radial Rolling of C45 Steel Rings

Surdacki Piotr, Gontarz Andrzej, Winiarski Grzegorz, Samołyk Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2021

|

Vol. 15, no. 4

352--363

EN

The control of product shape and dimensions poses some problems in hot ring rolling. In the rolling process, material flows both circumferentially and axially, which leads to increased ring height. Changes in shape and dimensions of ring cross section depend on several process parameters, which makes it difficult to predict ring diameter. This paper presents the results of a study investigating the hot radial rolling process for C45 steel rings in terms of the effect of main roll feed speed on product geometry. It was found that the application of a higher feed speed of the main roll and thus of a greater ratio between this speed and circumferential speed of the main roll led to increased axial material flow and reduced cross-sectional defect known as ”fishtail”. Machining losses generated due to cross-sectional defects were also determined. Results were used to determine the feed speed to circumferential speed ratio ensuring the lowest possible cross-sectional defect and material consumption.