The study of the solution’s existence and uniqueness for the linear integro-differential Fredholm equation and the application of the Nyström method to approximate the solution is what we will present in this paper. We use the Neumann theorem to construct a sufficient condition that ensures the solution’s existence and uniqueness of our problem in the Banach space C1 [a,b]. We have applied the Nyström method based on the trapezoidal rule to avoid adding other conditions in order to the approximation method’s convergence. The Nyström method discretizes the integro-differential equation into solving a linear system. Only with the existence and uniqueness condition, we show the solution’s existence and uniqueness of the linear system and the convergence of the numerical solution to the exact solution in infinite norm sense. We present two theorems to give a good estimate of the error. Also, to show the efficiency and accuracy of the Nyström method, some numerical examples will be provided at the end of this work.
We present two algorithms in which constrained spectral clustering is implemented as unconstrained spectral clustering on a multi-layer graph where constraints are represented as graph layers. By using the Nystrom approximation in one of the algorithms, we obtain time and memory complexities which are linear in the number of data points regardless of the number of constraints. Our algorithms achieve superior or comparative accuracy on real world data sets, compared with the existing state-of-the-art solutions. However, the complexity of these algorithms is squared with the number of vertices, while our technique, based on the Nyström approximation method, has linear time complexity. The proposed algorithms efficiently use both soft and hard constraints since the time complexity of the algorithms does not depend on the size of the set of constraints.
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Based on the recently discovered second kind Fredholm integral equation for the exterior Riemann problem, a boundary integral equation is developed in this paper for the two-dimensional, irrotational, incompressible fluid flow around an airfoil without a cusped trailing edge. The solution of the integral equation contains one arbitrary real constant, which may be determined by imposing the Kutta-Joukowski condition. Comparisons between numerical and analytical values of the pressure coefficient on the surface of the NACA 0009 and NACA 0012 airfoils with zero angle of attack show a very good agreement.
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