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1

Implementacja metod uczenia maszynowego do zarządzania ruchem lotniczym

Kaczorowski Piotr

Journal of KONBiN

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2025

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Vol. 55, iss.1

137--153

EN

Despite significant technological advancements, various factors continue to affect the safety and efficiency of multiple industries, including air transportation. One of the critical challenges in this field remains flight delays, which not only generate substantial economic costs but also pose potential risks to operational safety. This paper explores the application of machine learning methods for delay prediction and airport capacity modeling. Regression algorithms, decision trees, and reinforcement learning techniques were employed to analyze operational data. The study findings indicate that implementing machine learning models enables more precise delay forecasting, supporting decision-making processes and optimizing air traffic management.

PL

Współczesny rozwój technologii, mimo swego zaawansowania, nie eliminuje problemów wpływających na bezpieczeństwo i efektywność różnych dziedzin życia, w tym transportu lotniczego. Jednym z kluczowych wyzwań w tej branży pozostają opóźnienia, które mogą generować nie tylko znaczące koszty, lecz także negatywnie wpływać na bezpieczeństwo operacji lotniczych. W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie metod uczenia maszynowego do predykcji opóźnień oraz modelowania przepustowości lotnisk. Wykorzystano algorytmy regresji, drzewa decyzyjne oraz uczenie ze wzmocnieniem do analizy danych operacyjnych. Wyniki badań wskazują, że implementacja modeli uczenia maszynowego umożliwia bardziej precyzyjne prognozowanie opóźnień, wspierając procesy decyzyjne oraz optymalizację zarządzania ruchem lotniczym.

2

Machine learning-based fault detection in transmission lines: A comparative study with random search optimization

Özüpak Yıldırım

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 2

art. no. e153229

EN

Regular and fast monitoring of transmission line faults is of immense importance for the uninterrupted transmission of electrical energy. Rapid detection and classification of faults accelerate the repair process of the system, reducing downtime and increasing the efficiency and reliability of the power system. In this context, machine learning stands out as an effective solution for transmission line fault detection. In this study, fault detection is performed using machine learning techniques such as decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines. Random search hyperparameter optimization was applied to improve the performance of the models. The models were trained and tested with data from fault-free and faulted cases. While the support vector machines model showed the lowest performance with 74.19% test accuracy, the logistic regression model achieved 97.01% test accuracy. The decision tree model showed the best performance with low error rates. Error measures such as root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were also used to evaluate the predictive power of the models. This research demonstrates how machine learning-based methods can be effectively used in the detection of transmission line faults and presents the performance of different algorithms in a comparative manner.

3

Identyfikacja operatora na podstawie wskaźników jakości sygnału radiowego – zarys podejścia

Zmysłowski Dariusz, Kelner Jan M.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2024

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nr 4

341--344

PL

Ocena jakości usług QoS (Quality of Service) w sieciach 5G jest zwykle realizowana na podstawie wartości kluczowych wskaźników wydajności KPI (Key Performance Indicator) takich jak przepustowość lub opóźnienie. Parametry te można wyznaczać przy realizacji konkretnej usługi lub testów wydajnościowych, np. z wykorzystaniem aplikacji iPerf. Bardziej powszechnym rozwiązaniem jest wykorzystanie parametrów referencyjnego sygnału radiowego, np. RSRP, SINR, RSRQ, które mogą być wyznaczane w sposób ciągły, niezależnie od realizowanych usług. Autorzy we wcześniejszej pracy przedstawili analizę korelacyjną pomiędzy parametrami sygnałów radiowych i KPI usług. Na podstawie tych badań dla scenariusza iPerf, wyselekcjonowali dwa parametry RSRQ i SINR wyznaczane dla standardu 5G, które pozwalają jednoznacznie identyfikować operatora. W tym przypadku zastosowali regresję liniową dla danych pomiarowych. W tym artykule przedstawiono analogiczną metodę identyfikacji operatora dla scenariusza transmisji strumieni wideo realizowanych w serwisie YouTube wraz z propozycją wykorzystania regresji kwadratowej.

EN

Assessment of quality of service (QoS) in 5G networks is usually based on the key performance indicators (KPIs) such as throughput or latency. However, these parameters can be determined when implementing a specific service or performance test, e.g., using the iPerf application. A more common solution is to use the parameters of the reference radio signal, e.g., RSRP, SINR, or RSRQ, which can be determined continuously, regardless of the services provided. In our previous work, we presented a correlation analysis between radio signal parameters and service KPIs. Based on this research, for the iPerf scenario, we selected two parameters RSRQ and SINR determined for the 5G standard, which allow for the unambiguous identification of the mobile network operator (MNO). In this case, linear regression for the measurement data is used. In this paper, we present this method for video streaming scenario from the YouTube service, along with a proposal to use square regression.

4

Analiza pełzania w przetwornikach momentu siły dla turbin wiatrowych

Puchalski Jacek Grzegorz, Fidelus Janusz Daniel, Fotowicz Paweł

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2024

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R. 28, nr 3

31--40

PL

Kluczową kwestią przy analizie efektywności turbin wiatrowych jest zjawisko pełzania momentu siły zarówno pod obciążeniem, jak i bez obciążenia. Zjawisko to ma istotny wpływ na poprawne działanie przetworników momentu siły, dlatego wymaga zastosowania odpowiednich algorytmów do analizy danych pomiarowych. Metoda najmniejszych kwadratów jest odpowiednia do takiej analizy. Zastosowano regresję liniową do zbadania samego trendu pełzania, a nieliniowa krzywa wielomianowa trzeciego stopnia pozwoliła na jego wizualizację.

EN

A crucial aspect to consider when assessing the effectiveness of wind turbines is the phenomenon of torque creep, both under load and without load. This phenomenon significantly affects the proper functioning of torque transducers, thus necessitating the utilization of suitable algorithms for analysing measurement data. The least squares method is well-suited for this type of analysis. Linear regression was employed to study the creep trend, while a third-degree non-linear polynomial curve enabled a more precise visualization of creep, yielding valuable insights.

5

Length–weight relations and condition factors of several endemic and native fish species from Anatolian freshwater

Onay Hatice, Kurtul Irmak, Kaya Cüneyt, Turan Davut, Bayçelebi Esra

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 4

386--395

EN

This study analyzed the length–weight relations and condition factors of 13 species belonging to three highly endemic genera: Oxynoemacheilus (6), Seminemacheilus (2) and Cobitis (5). Fish were sampled in several streams and lakes using a backpack electroshocker. Analyses were based on a total number of individuals, which was n = 304. A linear regression model was applied to determine the relationship between fish length and weight. The coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.950 to 0.980 for all populations (p < 0.05). Allometric coefficient ‘b’ values ranged from 2.498 to 3.201 for Oxynoemacheilus, from 2.970 to 2.127 for Seminemacheilus, and from 2.111 to 3.076 for Cobitis populations. Fulton’s condition factor for Oxynoemacheilus, Seminemacheilus and Cobitis ranged from 0.391 to 3.080. This study addresses gaps in LWR and CF information for a number of ecologically important freshwater fish species. It is expected that the results of this research provide baseline data for further fisheries management studies and may support conservation studies of related species.

6

Studying the influence of selected controlled factors on the coefficient of sliding friction through experimental planning metho

Ahmedov Beyali, Aslanov Zabit

Nafta-Gaz

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2024

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R. 80, nr 1

30--38

EN

The article presents the use of mathematical statistics to determine controllable factors that influence the coefficient of friction in a dual-flow three-stage spur gear transmission of a newly designed sucker rod pumping unit. The load acting on the bearing units, the rotational speed of the main and auxiliary shafts, and the diametrical gap between the shaft and the bushing were assessed through tests. The tests were carried out in random order. The multivariate testing was used to determine the number of tests to be performed as well as the test conditions in order to achieve the required accuracy bushing. In the statistical analysis of the results, the Cochrane criterion was applied to verify the homogeneity of the variance values. Student's t-test was used to verify the significance of the coefficients included in the regression equation, Fisher’s F-test was used to determine the suitability of the adopted output function for describing the real object of study, i.e., the adequacy of the model, and sensitivity coefficients were used to assess the influence of the corresponding parameters on the optimization parameter. The analysis also considered the dispersion of optimization parameters, measurement repeatability, and errors in the model coefficients. Experimental values of the criteria, along with the dispersion of the adequacy and repeatability of the mathematical model, were evaluated to determine whether the model is fully suitable for the object of study. The impact of significant factors and their combinations, as well as their critical values, were assessed by comparing calculated values of the criteria. The significance or insignificance of the corresponding coefficients of the regression equation was determined. To investigate the impact of these controlled factors — load, rotational speed of the main and auxiliary shafts, and the diametrical gap between the auxiliary shaft and the bushing — on the sliding friction coefficient, a modernized device was developed. This device simulates the operating conditions of a double friction sliding bearing in a dual-flow, three-stage spur gearbox bushing. The experiments were conducted using I-40A industrial oil at room temperature. It has been determined that these factors significantly impact the coefficient of friction in a double friction bearing. Consequently, it is necessary to calculate their limit values to ensure the bearing assembly operates without failure during the required service life. Compared to other examined parameters, the optimization parameter, i.e., the coefficient of friction, is most significantly influenced by the diametrical gap between the auxiliary shaft and the bushing, and least affected by the magnitude of the load acting on the bearing assembly. The overall impact of controlled factors on the coefficient of friction is minimal. Employing the test planning method, a mathematical formula was derived, enabling the determination of the coefficient of friction in a double sliding friction bearing without additional tests within the range of limit bushing values of contact parameters.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie statystyki matematycznej do określenia sterowalnych czynników wpływających na współczynnik tarcia w podwójnej, trójstopniowej przekładni zębatej czołowej nowo zaprojektowanej pompy żerdziowej. Za pomocą badań oceniono obciążenie działające na zespoły łożyskowe, prędkość obrotową wału głównego i pomocniczego oraz średnicę szczeliny między wałem a tuleją. Badania przeprowadzono w losowej kolejności. Badania wielowariantowe wykorzystano do określenia liczby badań, które należy wykonać, a także warunków badawczych w celu osiągnięcia wymaganej dokładności. W analizie statystycznej wyników zastosowano kryterium Cochrane'a w celu weryfikacji jednorodności wartości wariancji. Test t-Studenta posłużył do weryfikacji istotności współczynników zawartych w równaniu regresji, test F-Fishera wykorzystano do określenia przydatności przyjętej funkcji wyjściowej do opisania rzeczywistego obiektu badań, tj. adekwatności modelu, a współczynniki wrażliwości wykorzystano do oceny wpływu odpowiednich parametrów na parametr optymalizacyjny. W analizie uwzględniono również rozrzut parametrów optymalizacyjnych, powtarzalność pomiarów oraz błędy we współczynnikach modelu. Eksperymentalne wartości kryteriów, wraz z rozproszeniem adekwatności i powtarzalności modelu matematycznego, zostały ocenione w celu ustalenia czy model w pełni spełnia wymagania stawiane obiektowi badań. Wpływ istotnych czynników i ich kombinacji, a także ich wartości krytyczne, oceniono poprzez porównanie obliczonych wartości kryteriów. Określono istotność lub nieistotność odpowiednich współczynników równania regresji. W celu zbadania wpływu tych kontrolowanych czynników – obciążenia, prędkości obrotowej wału głównego i pomocniczego oraz szczeliny średnicowej pomiędzy wałem pomocniczym a tuleją – na współczynnik tarcia ślizgowego, opracowano zmodernizowane urządzenie. Urządzenie to symuluje warunki pracy podwójnego łożyska ślizgowego w podwójnej, trzystopniowej przekładni czołowej. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono przy użyciu oleju przemysłowego I-40A w temperaturze pokojowej. Ustalono, że czynniki te mają znaczący wpływ na współczynnik tarcia w podwójnym łożysku ślizgowym. W związku z tym konieczne jest obliczenie ich wartości granicznych, aby zapewnić bezawaryjną pracę zespołu łożyskowego w wymaganym okresie eksploatacji. W porównaniu z innymi badanymi parametrami, na parametr optymalizacyjny, tj. współczynnik tarcia, największy wpływ ma szczelina średnicowa między wałem pomocniczym a tuleją, a najmniejszy wpływ ma wielkość obciążenia działającego na zespół łożysk. Ogólny wpływ kontrolowanych czynników na współczynnik tarcia jest minimalny. Wykorzystując metodę planowania badań, wyprowadzono wzór matematyczny umożliwiający wyznaczenie współczynnika tarcia w podwójnym ślizgowym łożysku bez dodatkowych badań w zakresie granicznych wartości parametrów styku.

7

Examining the possibility of short-term prediction of traffic volume in smart city control systems with the use of regression models

Dymora Paweł, Mazurek Mirosław, Jucha Maksymilian

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2024

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Vol. 70, No. 1

31--38

EN

This article deals with issues related to the optimization of traffic management in modern cities, the so-called Smart City. In particular, the article presents the process of evolution of the traffic flow prediction model at a selected crossroads in a selected city in Poland - the city of Rzeszów. Rzeszow is an example of a smart city equipped with an extensive system of real-time data collection and processing from multiple road points in the city. The research was aimed at a detailed analysis of the feasibility and degree of fit of different variants of the regression model: linear, polynomial, trigonometric, polynomial-trigonometric, and regression-based Random Forest algorithm. Several studies were carried out evaluating different generations of models, in particular, an analysis was carried out based on which the superiority of the trigonometric model was demonstrated. This model had the best fit and the lowest error rate, which could be a good conclusion for widespread use and implementation in Smart City supervisory systems.

8

Impact of the macroeconomic factors on the level of energy poverty-case of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia

Lisicki Bartłomiej, Franczak Iwona, Sinha Prity, Yang Luo

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 3

art. no. 836

EN

Energy poverty is a socio-economic topic that is not only related to the sustainability problem of natural resource extraction but also human activities. It reflects a situation in which households are unable to fully meet their energy needs. It mainly affects countries with a lower level of development, as well as those whose energy mix is largely based on non-renewable sources (such as coal). These undoubtedly include the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Investigations are still being conducted to explain the causes of the problem of energy poverty. The paper’s main aim is to assess the impact of selected macroeconomic factors on the level of energy poverty. A backward stepwise regression procedure was used to achieve this aim. Models have been developed for each of the three countries: the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia separately and for all of them together. These models are intended to identify the most prominent macroeconomic factors across all three countries. Results from all four models have highlighted two prominent variables which may impact the level of energy poverty in selected countries. They are following: electricity prices for household consumers with all taxes and net electricity imports. In three of the four developed models, they explained the level of energy poverty in a statistically significant manner. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the governments of these countries take action on these variables, which can help manage energy poverty. Their identification and subsequent impact may help to reduce this problem in the analysed post-coal economies.

PL

Ubóstwo energetyczne to temat społeczno-gospodarczy związany z problemem zrównoważonego rozwoju wydobycia zasobów naturalnych, ale także działalnością człowieka. Dotyka przede wszystkim kraje o niższym poziomie rozwoju, ale także te, których miks energetyczny opiera się w dużej mierze na źródłach nieodnawialnych (takich jak np. węgiel). Należą do nich niewątpliwie Czechy, Polska i Słowacja. Wciąż prowadzone są badania mające na celu wyjaśnienie przyczyn problemu ubóstwa energetycznego. Niniejsze badanie wkompnowuje się w nurt badań w tym zakresie. Głównym celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu wybranych czynników makroekonomicznych na poziom ubóstwa energetycznego na przykładzie Czech, Polski i Słowacji. By osiągnąć główny cel, zastosowano procedurę regresji krokowej wstecz. Modele zostały opracowane dla każdego z trzech krajów oddzielnie oraz dla wszystkich łącznie. Mają one na celu identyfikację najważniejszych czynników makroekonomicznych oddziałowujących na występowania problemu ubóstwa energetycznego w analizowanych krajach. Wyniki wszystkich czterech modeli uwydatniły dwie istotne zmienne, które mogą mieć wpływ na poziom ubóstwa energetycznego w wybranych krajach. Są to: ceny energii elektrycznej dla odbiorców domowych ze wszystkimi podatkami oraz import energii elektrycznej netto. W trzech z czterech opracowanych modeli w sposób istotny statystycznie wyjaśniały one poziom ubóstwa energetycznego. Podsumowując, można zasugerować, aby rządy badanych krajów podjęły działania w zakresie istotnych statystycznie zmiennych, co może pomóc w zarządzaniu ubóstwem energetycznym. Ich identyfikacja i późniejsze oddziaływanie pozwoli pomóc w ograniczeniu tego problemu w analizowanych gospodarkach.

9

Analysis of the general index of modelling in interior lighting

Pracki Piotr, Komorzycka Paulina

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 3

art. no. e149233

EN

Directionality of light and modelling effects impact lighting quality in interiors. Modelling effects depend on the photometric characteristics of luminaires and their layout but also interior size and reflectance. This research aims to evaluate lighting design limitations and the characteristics of the impact of interior and luminaires on modelling effects, as well as elaborate a prediction method of modelling effects in interior lighting. The general index of modelling was used for the analysis of modelling effects in interiors. The implementation of the research objectives was based on simulation and statistical analysis. 432 situations, varied interior size, and reflectance, the lighting class, luminaire downward luminous intensity distribution, and layout were considered. The results show that achieving the required range of the general index of modelling in interior lighting is substantially limited. The general index of modelling is impacted the most by the layout of luminaires. The elaborated multiple linear regression models can have a practical use for interior lighting design and analysis in terms of obtaining the required range of the general index of modelling.

10

Exploring the accuracy and reliability of machine learning approaches for predicting student performance

Owaidat Bilal

Applied Computer Science

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2024

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Vol. 20, no. 3

67--84

EN

The purpose of this study is to examine the suitability of machine learning (ML) techniques for predicting students’ performance. By analyzing various ML algorithms, the authors assess the accuracy and reliability of these approaches, considering factors such as data quality, feature selection, and model complexity. The findings indicate that certain ML methods are more effective for student performance forecasting, emphasizing the need for a deliberate evaluation of these factors. This study provides significant contributions to the field of education and reinforces the growing use of ML in decision-making and student performance prediction.

11

Development of roundabouts empirical capacity model – case study of Hungary

Al Hasanat Haitham, Janos Juhasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 120

5--17

EN

Roundabouts are commonly used worldwide because they offer several advantages over traditional intersections. The capacity that a roundabout can handle is an important factor in ensuring smooth traffic flow at a particular location. Therefore, various models have been developed to describe traffic conditions and driver behaviour at different sites or countries. However, existing models cannot be directly applied to other countries without proper calibration of the models to ensure an accurate estimation of capacity. In this study, five roundabouts in Hungary were selected to develop a general capacity model and compare it with international models. First, all sets of entry and circulating data were obtained from video recordings of each roundabout entry. These data were used to develop a model for each entry and then for each roundabout separately. Finally, all the data sets from all sixteen entries were used to develop a general capacity model (GM). The general capacity model (GM) was compared with the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2016, the Brilon-Bondzio, and the Brilon-Wu models. The maximum capacity of the general capacity model (GM) was 1390 pcu/h, slightly higher than the maximum capacity of the HCM 2016 model of 1380 pcu/h. The percentage differences between the generated general capacity model (GM), HCM 2016, Brilon-Bondzio, and Brilon-Wu models were +0.71%, +12.4%, and +10.7%, respectively.

12

Związki sum promieniowania słonecznego z wielkością zachmurzenia na podstawie danych z lat 1981–2015 ze stacji położonych w polskiej części Karpat

Wojciechowska Izabela

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2023

|

Z. 3-4

127--158

PL

Wpływ zachmurzenia na strumień energii słonecznej jest na ogół osłabiający i w głównej mierze zależy od wielkości zachmurzenia oraz rodzajów i własności chmur. W wyniku procesów pochłaniania, rozpraszania i odbijania promieni słonecznych chmury modyfikują zarówno ilość, jak i strukturę promieniowania. Celem badań było określenie związków sum dziennych całkowitego, bezpośredniego i rozproszonego promieniowania słonecznego z wielkością zachmurzenia na obszarze polskich Karpat. W pracy wykorzystano materiały źródłowe ze stacji synoptycznych Instytutu Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego w Bielsku-Białej, na Kasprowym Wierchu, w Lesku i w Zakopanem (1981–2015). Związki sum promieniowania słonecznego z wielkością zachmurzenia opisano za pomocą wielomianu II stopnia. Wykazano, że w miarę wzrostu zachmurzenia sumy dzienne promieniowania rozproszonego rosną do pewnego poziomu, po czym maleją. Promieniowanie rozproszone osiąga przeważnie największe wartości przy pokryciu nieba przez chmury w 70–80%, rzadziej 80–90%. Stwierdzono, że dopływ promieniowania słonecznego do powierzchni ziemi w poszczególnych grupach dni wyróżnionych ze względu na wielkość zachmurzenia różni się istotnie od średniej sumy dziennej promieniowania w danym miesiącu. Zauważono, że za charakterystyczny przebieg promieniowania całkowitego na Kasprowym Wierchu z maksimum na wiosnę odpowiada głównie składowa rozproszona promieniowania w dniach pochmurnych i całkowicie zachmurzonych.

EN

The presence of cloud cover usually reduces incoming solar radiation. The influence of cloudiness on solar energy reaching Earth’s surface mostly depends on the cloud amount, its genera and other properties. Due to processes of absorption, scattering and the reflection of solar rays, clouds modify both the amount and the structure of solar radiation. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between daily sums of total, direct and diffuse solar radiation and cloud amount in the Polish Carpathians. The work uses source material from synoptic stations belonging to Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute in Bielsko-Biala, Kasprowy Wierch, Lesko and Zakopane (1981–2015). Relationships between the sums of solar radiation and cloud amount were described with a second-degree polynomial function. The results show that as cloud amount increases, daily sums of diffuse solar radiation increase, to a certain level, then decrease. Diffuse solar radiation usually reaches the highest values when the sky is 70–80% covered by clouds, or, less often, by 80–90%. The study finds that the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface in individual groups of days distinguished by the amount of cloudiness differs significantly from the mean daily sum in the given month. The characteristic annual course of the total solar irradiation at Kasprowy Wierch with its maximum value at spring is associated with the higher values of diffuse solar irradiation in cloudy and completely overcast days.

13

The simple network-based measuring system for improving the evaporation estimation

Dlouhá Dagmar, Pospíšil Lukáš, Dubovský Viktor

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 3

328-336

EN

This paper presents a novel method for measuring the data for evaporation estimation as the key ingredient for the final decision of the reclamation form in the area of the Most Basin. The area has been intensively mined for many decades, resulting in significant landscape devastation, loss of natural habitats, and negative environmental impact. Currently, it is assumed that by 2050, three large-scale reclamation projects will be implemented in the area and it is necessary to decide which form of reclamation to choose. Whether to build lakes according to the currently valid rehabilitation and reclamation plan or to leave the area of the quarries in succession with the support of spontaneous inflow of water up to a naturally sustainable water level. Whether the first or second option is approved, or a combination of both, the prediction of evaporation from the free water surface will always be of great importance. To deal with this goal, the available meteorological data must be combined with a suitable calculation method. In our work, we suggest utilizing a measuring network of meteorological devices that describe the character of the weather in a given area of interest in a long-term time series. Together with the state-of-the-art calibration of models for calculating evaporation, the measurement network helps to provide more accurate evaporation data for a given area. Based on the analysis of research results, it will be possible to choose a specific right decision and thus contribute to the long-term sustainability of these reclamations.

14

An ichthyofaunal amendment with the length-weight relations and condition factors of some endemic and invasive freshwater fishes from Western Anatolia

Kurtul Irmak, Kaya Cüneyt, Şen Arda, Özcan Ceylin, Ercivan Deniz, Demirel Kaan, Güngör Melike, Ilhan Ali, Sarı Hasan Musa

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

389 --398

EN

In the scope of this study, fish fauna of Küçük Menderes River and its tributaries, updated with the comparison of the recent ichthyofaunal studies, as well as the length-weight relations (LWR) and condition factors (CF) were estimated for 7 freshwater fish species belonging to six families from the river basin: endemic Oxynoemacheilus eliasi, Cobitis fahireae; invasive, Carassius gibelio, Atherina boyeri, transloce Perca fluviatilis and the native Squalius fellowesii, Cyprinus carpio. The fish samples were collected with various fishnets and DC electro-fishing devices from six stations in 2018 and 2019. The LWR of the fishes was studied based on 379 specimens. The estimated values of parameter b ranged from 2.884 (A. boyeri) to 3.176 (C. fahireae). The coefficient of determination (R2) was changed between 0.792 to 0.980 for all sampling localities. In the study, Fulton’s condition factor ranged between 0.391 (S. fellowesii) to 3.080 (S. fellowesii); the relative condition factor ranged between 0.346 (O. eliasi) to 2.746 (S. fellowesii), respectively. This research is anticipated to contribute valuable insights for the conservation of the species, while also furnishing essential data to inform future fisheries management studies in the region.

15

The effect of pollutants on the content of nutrients in soil

Pukish Arsen V., Sydorenko Olha I., Mandryk Oleh M., Korobeinykova Yaroslava S., Tuts Oleh M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 4

266--277

EN

Soil degradation occurs as a result of the ingress and accumulation of excessive amount of pollutants in the soil. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the complex effect of soil contamination (concentration of petroleum products, toxic salts, dense residue, sodium ions, sulfate ions, magnesium ions, calcium, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions) on the content of nutrients (alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus). A detailed analysis of scientific papers has been carried out, based on which the main scientific tasks solved in the article have been formulated. It has been established that soil-salt processes are insufficiently studied and are the object of scientific research in recent years. At the first stage of research, sampling was carried out and the content of nutrients and pollutants in the soil was determined. Determination of element concentrations was performed by collecting soil samples and their subsequent laboratory testing. At the second stage, a correlation-regression analysis of the obtained data was performed and multiple linear regressions were established. The interaction of substances in the soil was determined by analyzing the obtained multiple linear regressions. Two types of soils were studied: with chloride and with sulfate type of salinization. For soils with chloride type of salinity, dependences have been established for the content of humus, alkaline nitrogen and potassium, while in case of phosphorus multiple linear regression does not exist. For soils with sulfate type of salinization, multiple linear regression dependences of concentrations of alkaline nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium have been determined. It is established that the complex influence of the studied elements is decisive. No regression dependence was found for the humus content, which indicates that the concentration of the studied elements has almost no effect on the humus content in the soil. Comparison of the obtained multiple linear regressions with the results of laboratory studies showed a good correlation between these data series. The obtained regularities of pollutant and nutrient interactions in soils are expected in future to enable creation of scientific bases for development of new methods of desalination of soils polluted by formation waters as well as for planning effective reclamation actions.

PL

W wyniku wnikania i gromadzenia się w glebie nadmiernych ilości zanieczyszczeń następuje degradacja gleby. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych złożonego wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleby (stężenie produktów naftowych, toksycznych soli, gęstego osadu, siarczanow, jonów sodu, magnezu, wapnia, chlorków, wodorowęglanów), na zawartość składników pokarmowych (hydrolizowanego alkalicznie azotu, fosforu, potasu, humusu). Przeprowadzona została szczegółowa analiza prac naukowych, na podstawie której sformułowano główne zadania badawcze rozwiązane w artykule. Stwierdzono, że procesy glebowo-solne zbadane są w stopniu niedostatecznym i stanowią one przedmiot badań naukowych w ostatnich latach. W pierwszym etapie badań pobrano próbki i wyznaczono zawartość składników pokarmowych i zanieczyszczeń w glebie. Wyznaczenia stężeń pierwiastków dokonano poprzez pobranie próbek gleb i ich późniejsze badania laboratoryjne. W drugim etapie wykonano analizę korelacyjno-regresyjną uzyskanych danych i ustalono wielokrotne regresje liniowe. Oddziaływanie substancji w glebie określono poprzez analizę otrzymanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych. Badano dwa rodzaje gleb: o zasoleniu chlorkowym i siarczanowym. Dla gleb o zasoleniu chlorkowym ustalono zależności w odniesieniu do zawartośći humusu, azotu hydrolizowanego alkalicznie i potasu, natomiast dla fosforu regresja liniowa wielokrotna nie wystapiła. Dla gleb o zasoleniu siarczanowym wyznaczono zależności wielokrotnej regresji liniowej stężeń azotu alkalicznego, fosforu, potasu. Ustalono, że decydujące znaczenie ma kompleksowe oddziaływanie badanych pierwiastków. Dla zawartości humusu nie stwierdzono zależności regresji, co wskazuje, że stężenie badanych pierwiastków prawie nie wpływa na zawartość humusu w glebie. Porównanie uzyskanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych z wynikami badań laboratoryjnych wykazało dobrą korelację między tymi seriami danych. Uzyskane prawidłowości oddziaływania zanieczyszczeń i składników pokarmowych w glebach pozwolą w przyszłości stworzyć naukowe podstawy rozwoju nowych metod odsalania gleb zanieczyszczonych wodami złożowymi, jak również planować efektywne prowadzenie prac rekultywacyjnych.

16

Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of short aramid fiber on thermoplastic polymers

Arı Ali, Bayram Ali, Karahan Mehmet, Arslan Orhun

Materials Science Poland

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2023

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Vol. 41, No. 1

161--176

EN

This study investigated the mechanical performance of short aramid fiber on polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide 6, and polyamide 12. Extrusion, press molding, and CNC cutting methods were used in the production of composite samples. Tensile, three-point bending, drop weight and hardness tests of the composites were carried out. As the fiber volume fractions increased, the mechanical properties of the composites improved, but the most efficient fiber fractions for each matrix changed. To analyze the performance of the fibers in the matrix on the composites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fractured surfaces as a result of tensile and drop weight tests were examined. As the fiber volume fractions increased, the fiber deformation increased, and as a result, the mechanical performance of the composites was adversely affected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F test were performed using signal/noise values to analyze in detail the effect of experimental parameters on output values. Finally, the results of a regression equation model were compared with the experimental readings. It was found to be in good agreement with the model and the results of the experiment.

17

An Efficient Hybrid Classifier Model for Customer Churn Prediction

Anitha M. A., Sherly K. K.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 1

11--18

EN

Customer churn prediction is used to retain customers at the highest risk of churn by proactively engaging with them. Many machine learning-based data mining approaches have been previously used to predict client churn. Although, single model classifiers increase the scattering of prediction with a low model performance which degrades reliability of the model. Hence, Bag of learners based Classification is used in which learners with high performance are selected to estimate wrongly and correctly classified instances thereby increasing the robustness of model performance. Furthermore, loss of interpretability in the model during prediction leads to insufficient prediction accuracy. Hence, an Associative classifier with Apriori Algorithm is introduced as a booster that integrates classification and association rule mining to build a strong classification model in which frequent items are obtained using Apriori Algorithm. Also, accurate prediction is provided by testing wrongly classified instances from the bagging phase using generated rules in an associative classifier. The proposed models are then simulated in Python platform and the results achieved high accuracy, ROC score, precision, specificity, F-measure, and recall.

18

Engineering and technical assessment of the competitiveness of Ukrainian mechanical engineering enterprises basedon the applicationof regression models

Vitiuk Anna, Polishchuk Leonid, Savina Nataliia B., Adler Oksana O., Kashaganova Gulzhan, Kumargazhanova Saule

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2023

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T. 13, nr 3

125--128

EN

The characteristic features of engineering products are revealed. Average industry performance indicators of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine were formed. The competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises was studied. The integral indicator of the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine was evaluated. It has been established that the competitiveness industry, despite certain profits received by enterprises, is in a systemic, predictable crisis and only individual enterprises that maintain their own line of economic behavior are successful, increase competitiveness and have prospects for further economic growth.

PL

Ujawniono charakterystyczne cechy produktów inżynieryjnych. Opracowano średnie wskaźniki wydajności przemysłu przedsiębiorstw inżynierii mechanicznej na Ukrainie. Zbadano konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw przemysłu maszynowego. Oceniono integralny wskaźnik konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw przemysłu maszynowego na Ukrainie. Ustalono, że branża konkurencyjności, pomimo pewnych zysków uzyskiwanych przez przedsiębiorstwa, znajduje się w systemowym, przewidywalnym kryzysie i tylko pojedyncze przedsiębiorstwa, które utrzymują własną linię zachowań gospodarczych, odnoszą sukcesy, zwiększają konkurencyjność i mają perspektywy dalszego wzrostu gospodarczego.

19

Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature from Landsat Imagery: A Case Study of Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq

Morsy Salem, Ahmed Shaker

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 3

61--81

EN

Land surface temperature (LST) estimation is a crucial topic for many applications related to climate, land cover, and hydrology. In this research, LST estimation and monitoring of the main part of Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq is presented using Landsat imagery from five years (2005, 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2020). Images of the years 2005 and 2010 were captured by Landsat 5 (TM) and the others were captured by Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS). The Single Channel Algorithm was applied to retrieve the LST from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images. Moreover, the land use/land cover (LULC) maps were developed for the five years using the maximum likelihood classifier. The difference in the LST and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values over this period was observed due to the changes in LULC. Finally, a regression analysis was conducted to model the relationship between the LST and NDVI. The results showed that the highest LST of the study area was recorded in 2016 (min = 21.1°C, max = 53.2°C and mean = 40.8°C). This was attributed to the fact that many people were displaced and had left their agricultural fields. Therefore, thousands of hectares of land which had previously been green land became desertified. This conclusion was supported by comparing the agricultural land areas registered throughout the presented years. The polynomial regression analysis of LST and NDVI revealed a better coefficient of determination (R2) than the linear regression analysis with an average R2 of 0.423.

20

Assessment of the stability of mercury concentrations in municipal waste using data science tools

Jędrusiak Radosław, Chuchro Monika, Bielowicz Barbara, Gielar Agnieszka

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 1

71--83

EN

Mercury and its compounds are among the most dangerous and toxic substances in the environment. As part of the study, several exploratory analyses and statistical tests were conducted to demonstrate how low and stable mercury content is in municipal waste. A statistical analysis of the mercury content in waste (waste codes 19 12 12 and 20 03 01) was carried out using advanced IT tools. Based on 32 results for each waste, the maximum mercury concentration was 0.062 mg/kg dry weight (EWC code 19 12 12) and 0.052 mg/kg dry weight (EWC code 20 03 01). The analysis, data inference, and modeling were performed according to the CRISP-dm methodology. The results obtained were compared with the maximum allowable mercury concentrations for agricultural soils (2 mg/kg dry weight) and the provisions of the Minamata Convention (1 mg/kg). The average, median, and maximum observed mercury concentrations in waste are significantly lower than the assumed levels of 2 mg/kg (permissible concentrations for II-1 soils) and 1 mg/kg (Minamata Convention). The stability of mercury content in waste was examined. Descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and regression modeling were used. The tests and analyses performed showed an insignificant variation in the mercury content of the wastes with codes 19 12 12 and 20 03 01. No trend or seasonality was observed. The analyses and tests performed confirmed that the data are stable, and the values are low.