Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Comparative study of copper sulfide hydrophobic textile treatment: hierarchical structures versus nanostructures

Almeda-Torres Cynthia, Reyes-Blas Hortensia, Hernandez-Paz Juan Francisco, Olivas-Armendariz Imelda, Villanueva-Montellano Alfredo, Rodriguez-Gonzalez Claudia Alejandra

Materials Science Poland

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2025

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Vol. 43, No. 1

133--148

EN

This study compares membranes coated with hierarchical structures and copper sulfide nanostructures for water and oil separation. Copper was synthesized by a REDOX reaction, followed by sulfidation by a solid vapor method to produce copper sulfide hierarchical structures. A high-energy mechanical milling process was then applied to obtain copper sulfide nanostructures. Both types of copper sulfide structures were applied to cotton textiles by a dip coating method with varying copper sulfide concentrations (1–4%). The morphology of copper sulfide was characterized by scanning electron microscopy before and after milling, and the coated membranes were also analyzed to confirm the presence of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and copper sulfide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of PDMS and copper sulfide through their characteristic functional groups, while X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of the anilite phase. Membranes with hierarchical copper sulfide structures and copper sulfide nanostructures showed high hydrophobicity and stability through multiple filtration cycles. Contact angle measurements showed that copper sulfide nanostructure coatings provided a higher degree of hydrophobicity, achieving superhydrophobic angles of 155–165°, depending on the concentration. In contrast, membranes with hierarchical structures exhibited slightly lower hydrophobicity, with contact angles ranging from 146° to 154°. Filtration tests further supported these findings: membranes with copper sulfide nanostructures retained 96% efficiency even after ten cycles, while those with hierarchical structures dropped to 87%, underscoring the superior durability and performance of copper sulfide nanostructured membranes for separation applications.

2

Elastyczne wyroby wodochronne w dachach i stropodachach

Patoka Krzysztof

Izolacje

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2025

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T. 30, nr 9

112--120, 122

3

Usuwanie azotu amonowego ze ścieków z instalacji odsiarczania spalin metodą transmembranowej chemisorpcji. Teoria i praktyka – doświadczenia z badań pilotowych

Smal-Potempa Marta, Jakóbik-Kolon Agata

Energetyka

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2025

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nr 9

524--530

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych i pilotowych, które potwierdziły możliwość odzysku azotu amonowego (NNH4) ze ścieków z instalacji mokrego odsiarczania spalin (IMOS) metodą transmembranowej chemisorpcji. Proces ten wykorzystuje hydrofobowe membrany do selektywnego przenoszenia amoniaku w postaci gazowej, który następnie reaguje z kwasem, tworząc sole amonowe mogące stanowić nawozy płynne. Kluczowe było wielostopniowe przygotowanie ścieków do spełnienia krytycznych parametrów membran. Badania pilotowe potwierdziły zdolność membran do chemisorpcji po długotrwałej eksploatacji. Rekomenduje się stosowanie kwasu siarkowego jako stabilnego absorbentu, pozwalającego na produkcję czystego siarczanu amonu. Potwierdzono potencjał technologii do wdrożenia na skalę przemysłową.

EN

The article presents the results of laboratory and pilot testing which confirm the possibility of recovery of ammonium nitrogen (NNH4) from wastewater from the Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization Plant (Wet FGD Plant) by transmembrane chemisorption. In this process hydrophobic membranes are used to selectively transfer gaseous ammonia which then reacts with acid and forms ammonium salts which can be liquid fertilizers. Multistage preparation of wastewater is of key importance for meeting critical parameters of the membranes. The pilot testing results confirm the ability of the membranes to chemisorb after long-term use. It is recommended to use sulphur acid as a stable absorbent allowing production of pure ammonium sulphate. The potential of implementing the technology an industrial scale is confirmed.

4

A new approach in the production of cellulose membranes

Mylokost Sergii, Halysh Vita, Trus Inna, Krysenko Tamara, Hlushko Olena, Benatov Daniel, Sirenko Ludmila, Chuprinov Evhen

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 4

334--341

EN

The research is related to the development of a method for modifying cellulose fiber to improve the operational characteristics of membranes. Epichlorohydrin and monoethanolamine were used as modifiers to plasticize the structure of the cellulose membrane. The consumption of modifiers, the temperature and duration of cellulose fiber modification, as well as the drying conditions of the resulting membranes on their properties were investigated. It has been shown that selected modifiers can act as plasticizers depending on the processing temperature. It was established that the resulting membranes are characterized by low productivity, but are capable of effectively reducing water color. It has been experimentally shown that the use of a modifier with a consumption of 15% allows to ensure the selectivity of color removal during filtration of a sodium humate solution at a level of more than 98%.

5

Morphology and selected properties of cellulose acetate membranes for environmental applications

Maryudi Maryudi, Hakika Dhias Cahya, Amillia Amillia

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 5

292--299

EN

Microporous membranes were obtained by dry-wet phase inversion from a solution of cellulose acetate (CA) in acetone (13, 14 and 15 wt%). Polyethylene glycol was used as a blowing agent. The structure and mechanical properties were examined. FT-IR spectra show that the addition of polyethylene glycol improves the thermodynamics of the solution and increases the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The SEM method confirmed the microporous structure of membranes with an asymmetric structure and various pore sizes and porosities. Higher CA concentration resulted in better tensile properties.

PL

Mikroporowate membrany otrzymano metodą inwersji fazy sucho-mokrej z roztworu octanu celulozy (CA) w acetonie (13, 14 i 15% mas.). Jako środek porotwórczy zastosowano glikol polietylenowy. Zbadano strukturę i właściwości mechaniczne. Widma FT-IR pokazują, że dodatek glikolu polietylenowego poprawia termodynamikę roztworu i zwiększa hydrofilowość membrany. Metodą SEM potwierdzono m ikroporowatą strukturę membran o asymetrycznej budowie i różnej wielkości porów oraz porowatości. Większe stężenie CA skutkowało lepszymi właściwościami mechanicznymi przy rozciąganiu.

6

Direct Contact Membrane Distillation of Artificial Urine for Sugar Beet Production in a Hydroponic System

Tarikuzzaman Mohammad, Iqbal Muhammad Aamir, Lynam Joan G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

252--260

EN

Appropriate nutrient sources and optimized doses of plant nutrients for space and lunar farming have remained key challenges prompting investigations to sort out biologically viable options including human urine. Therefore, a trial was performed to compare the hydroponic growth of sugar beets using a standard nutrient solution and the same nutrient solution with a 10% replacement of an artificial urine solution that had been concentrated using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The response variables included yield-contributing traits and root parameters (plant height, stem diameter, length and fresh weight of leaf and root, whole plant fresh weight), along with beet characteristics (diameter, length, and fresh weight at harvest). The results revealed that 10% synthetic urine treatment produced significantly taller plants (33%, 3%, and 8% at the 4th, 6th, and 10th week after sowing, respectively) and recorded 52% and 40% greater leaf width at the 4th and 6th weeks, respectively, compared to the control. In contrast, 10% replacement with synthetic urine in the nutrient performed statistically below par compared to the control treatment by producing 9% and 17% lower leaf width at the 8th and 10th weeks, respectively. Additionally, at the harvest, 10% synthetic urine treatment gave taller plants with greater stem length and root length (2.3%, 8.6%, and 59%, respectively) than the control. Moreover, the replacement treatment remained superior by showing higher root weight and stem diameter at harvest but performed below par compared to the control in leaf width and whole plant fresh weight. At harvest, both treatments remained statistically non-significant in terms of beet length, however the control surpassed synthetic urine treatment by yielding 37% and 103% higher width and fresh weight of beets, respectively. Based on recorded findings, it may be inferred that synthetic urine holds potential as a valuable plant nutrient source for producing sugar beets in an indoor hydroponic system, though not comparable in some respects with the control (standardized plant nutrient medium) for some plant measurements.

7

Dependance of Membrane Stress on the Supports Geometry of the Barrel-Vault Shaped Tensile Membrane Structures

Milošević Vuk, Marchwiński Janusz, Kopyłow Ołeksij

Builder

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2024

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R.28, nr 5

46--49

EN

Membrane stress under load depends on several factors in tensile membrane structures. This research aims to find out how geometry of the supports affects the membrane stress in barrel-vault shaped membranes. A numerical experiment is conducted and the parameters of the support geometry are varied in order to understand their influence on the maximal membrane stress under load. Three load types are applied to numerical models and maximal stresses are monitored. The results show how change of the size of the base of the structure and the change of the height of the supporting arches influence the stress. The results can be used in design of tensile membrane structures, but also in assessing the possibilities for integration with other systems, such as photovoltaics.

PL

Naprężenia membranowe w rozciągliwych konstrukcjach membranowych powstające pod wpływem obciążenia zależą od kilku czynników. Celem badań jest sprawdzenie, jak geometria podpór wpływa na naprężenia membranowe w membranach kolebkowych. Aby poznać wpływ obciążeń na maksymalne naprężenie membrany, przeprowadzono eksperyment numeryczny, zmieniając parametry geometrii podpory. Do modeli numerycznych stosowane są trzy typy obciążeń i monitorowane są maksymalne naprężenia. Wyniki pokazują, jak zmiana wielkości podstawy konstrukcji i zmiana wysokości łuków nośnych wpływają na naprężenia. Wyniki można wykorzystać przy projektowaniu rozciągliwych konstrukcji membranowych, ale także przy ocenie możliwości integracji z innymi systemami, takimi jak fotowoltaika.

8

Fabrication of a Plate-Type Porous Stainless Steel 316L Powder Filter with Different Pore Structures without Use of a Binder

Yun Su-Jin, Kim Hyeon-Ju, Seo Eun-Chae, Kim Min-Ji, Park Manho, Lee Jungwoo, Yun Jung-Yeul

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 2

497--500

EN

Generally, when fabricating porous filters using metal powder, about 1 to 2 wt% of a binder is added to increase the formability of the metal powder. If the binder is not completely removed through a debinding and sintering process, however it can cause defects such as discoloration and the generation of fine particles. In this study, a study was conducted to fabricate a plate-type porous stainless steel powder filter with a different pore structure without the use of a biner. First, the metal powder is charged into a ceramic mold to form a plate-shaped powder filter, and then covered with a ceramic top plate. In order to observe the pore properties according to the pressure, the unpressurized specimen and the specimen pressurized with a pressure of 30 MPa were then sintered at 1050℃ for one hour in a high vacuum atmosphere furnace. The microstructure of the sintered plate-shaped powder filter was observed through an optical microscope and in order to analyze its pore properties as a filter, gas permeability and porosity were measured using a capillary flow porometer and Archimedes’ law.

9

Mobilność metali ciężkich w osadach ściekowych z oczyszczalni MBR i analiza ryzyka przyrodniczego ich wykorzystania

Kowalik Robert, Janaszek Agata

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 12

35--40

PL

Technologia membranowa w oczyszczaniu ścieków jest uważana za najlepszą dostępną metodę. Jednak wysoka wydajność oczyszczania ścieków powoduje wzrost zanieczyszczeń w osadach ściekowych, będących produktem ubocznym procesów oczyszczania ścieków. Osady ściekowe mają właściwości glebotwórcze i nawozowe. Najlepszą metodą zagospodarowania osadów ściekowych jest wykorzystanie ich jako nawozu. Jednak głównym kryterium możliwości ich wykorzystania jako nawozów jest zawartość metali ciężkich i jaj pasożytów. W niniejszym badaniu porównano zawartość metali ciężkich w osadach ściekowych z trzech różnych oczyszczalni ścieków przed i po modernizacji do technologii MBR. Przeprowadzono analizę specjacyjną metali i obliczono wskaźniki ryzyka, w celu oszacowania rzeczywistego ryzyka zanieczyszczenia, związanego z wykorzystaniem osadów ściekowych jako nawozów. Głównym problemem badawczym artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie: czy podwyższona zawartość metali ciężkich w osadach ściekowych z oczyszczalni MBR może rzeczywiście powodować ryzyko skażenia środowiska?

EN

Membrane technology in wastewater treatment is considered the best method available. However, the high efficiency of wastewater treatment results in increased contaminants in sewage sludge, a byproduct of wastewater treatment processes. Sewage sludge with have soil-forming and fertilizing properties. The best method of managing sludge is to use it as fertilizer. However, the main criterion for the possibility of using them as fertilizers is determined by the content of heavy metals and parasite eggs. This study compared the heavy metal content of sludge from three different wastewater treatment plants before and after upgrading to MBR technology. A speciation analysis of the metals was performed, and risk indicators were calculated to estimate the actual risk of contamination from the use of sewage sludge as fertilizers. The main research problem of the paper is to answer the question: whether the elevated heavy metal content of sludge from MBR treatment plants can indeed cause a risk of environmental contamination.

10

Application of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Drinking Water Softening

Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Vakulenko Anna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

154--162

EN

The processes of water purification with increasing selection of permeate were studied, considering selectivity and productivity of membranes, dynamics of changes of contents of components in the concentrate. It is shown that when chlorides and sulfates are removed from water, the increase in their content in the concentrate does not differ practically from the measured and calculated values. At the same time, the nature of dependences on the change in hardness, concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, alkalinity obtained experimentally differ significantly from the dependences obtained by theoretical calculations at permeate selection levels of > 70%. А significant difference in the determined and calculated concentrations of hardness ions in the concentrates was observed after hardness values greater than 30–40 mg-eq/dm3. This indicates the partial removal of hardness ions and carbonates from the concentrates, which may be the reason for the formation of deposits on the membrane. Permissible values of the degree of permeate selection were determined, at which there is no intense deposition of carbonates and hydroxides of hardness ions on the membrane. With the initial water hardness > 8 mg-eq/dm3, the degree of permeate selection could reach 60–70% without the risk of sedimentation on the membrane. Effectiveness of the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane in the purification of mine water with an increased level of mineralization and hardness was determined. A significant difference between the determined and calculated hardness in concentration was observed already at the degree of permeate selection of 22–33%.

11

A Mini-Review on Thin-Film Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes for Forward Osmosis Applications

Al-Musawy Wafaa Kh., Al-Furaiji Mustafa H., Aljumaily Mustafa Mohammed, Rashid Khalid T., Salih Hussein G., Alsalhy Qusay F., Majdi Hasan Sh., Figoli Alberto

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

287--301

EN

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology that has been extensively studied in the last decade as an efficient method for desalination and water treatment. FO presents many benefits over traditional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and distillation. Nevertheless, there are many decisive challenges; the great significance one is the new modification and advances in the preparation of the TFC membranes that must be achieved to enhance the FO performance. Therefore, preparing a suitable TFC membrane with a low structural parameter, low tortuosity, and high porosity are preferred in preparing the TFC membranes to get higher water flux and lower salt flux. This paper reviewed the recent development and advances in using TFC hollow fiber membranes in FO applications. Within that, the most widely applied monomers to prepare the thin polyamide layer (PA) in TFC membranes and the additives that are added during the preparation of the PA layer and their effect on the performance of the TFC membranes have been discussed. Moreover, an effort is made to generate a TFC membrane properties and performance trend according to the results of the water permeate flux and reverse salt flux of the modified TFC FO membranes and the future perspectives and concluding remarks on the FO membrane are evaluated.

12

Lithium-Ion Conductive Film Membrane of Li0.3La0.57TiO2 Perovskite Structure and its Application in Li-Air Batteries

Rhee Chang-Kyu, Chun Young-Bum, Kang Suk Hoon, Kim Whung-Whoe, Cao G.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

191--194

EN

Impacts of precursor solution recipe, processing parameters, and pellet thickness on the lithium ionic conductivity of the ceramic materials with perovskite structure of Li0.3La0.57TiO3 were investigated and new method was proposed to synthesize Li0.3La0.57TiO3 solid state electrolyte. The results showed that ionic conductivity of Li0.3La0.57TiO3 membrane which was synthesized by firstly forming colloidal TiO2 (i.e., TiO2 sol) and then Li+ and La+ were added to the colloidal TiO2 was on the order of 10-5 S/cm. It also showed that the temperatures corresponding to a full decomposition for L0.3La0.57TiO3 is about 750°C and materials start forming perovskite structure when temperature reaches about 900°C and the lithium ionic conductivity gains about 21% increase when the pellet thickness is reduced to about ¼

13

Optimization of Graphene Oxide Mixed Matrix Membrane for AB-210 Dye Removal

Al-Sultan Ammar A., Kadhim Rana J., Al-Emami Omar H., Alsalhy Qusay F., Majdi Hasan Sh.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

115--127

EN

This research aimed to find the best-operating conditions for incorporating the GO material into PES/GO membranes for the NF applications. Organic dye molecules may foul GO-NP/PES membranes. The improved model aimed to reduce the energy lost while maintaining a high system discharge throughout the treatment process in order to face the technical problems that the membranes are exposed to. To create a particular amount of flux above the intended values, an optimization approach was used to find the optimal values for several important parameters in the process. To enhance the process effectiveness on a broader scale, mathematical and statistical studies, such as response surface methodology and statistical analysis of the parameters (ANOVA), were applied. The impact of operational factors, like the pH values of the dye feeding (3–11), GO weight content (0–2 wt.%), dye concentration (10–100 ppm) of AB-210, and the interfaces for these factors with the PES/GO membrane permeability was examined. The PES membrane had the best performance, with a result of 131.2338 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1. The pH did not influence the AB-210 dye reaction, and the Pareto chart of the standardized effects on dye permeation flux using statistical comparison at the 5% significance level supports these findings.

14

Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis and Ion Exchange in Water Purification from Nitrates

Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Makarenko Iryna, Vakulenko Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

172--180

EN

The process of extracting nitrates from water by the methods of reverse osmosis and ion exchange was investigated in the paper. In the formation of reverse osmosis, low-pressure membranes were used, and in ion-exchange processes, highly alkaline anionite AB–17–8 was applied in salt form. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of nitrates in the permeate and the concentration with an increase in the degree of permeate selection from 9 to 90% at initial nitrate concentrations of 18, 50 and 100 mg/dm3 were determined. The indicators of selectivity and productivity of membranes were calculated depending on the degree of permeate selection. It was shown that the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane is characterized by low selectivity values at high productivity values in the selected part of the nitrate concentration. It was established that the ion exchange method is significantly more effective than reverse osmosis in removing nitrates from water. It ensures the reduction of nitrate content in purified water to a value of less than 1 mg/dm3 when the degree of their extraction is reached at the level of 99%. As the ionite is saturated with nitrates, the efficiency of their extraction decreases. Anionite sorbs nitrates effectively enough, being both in the chloride mixture and in the sulfate form. Nitrates are effectively desorbed by 2H solutions of sodium chloride and sodium or ammonium sulfate.

15

Development of Resource-Saving Technologies in the Use of Sedimentation Inhibitors for Reverse Osmosis Installations

Trus Inna, Gomelya Mukola, Skiba Margarita, Pylypenko Tetiana, Krysenko Tamara

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

206--215

EN

The processes of desalination of weakly mineralized waters using a reverse osmosis membrane were studied. The operational efficiency of membranes is limited mainly by membrane contamination. It was shown that the preliminary mechanical water purification helps to increase the productivity and selectivity of the membrane. One of the main causes of membrane contamination is the formation of carbonate deposits on their surface. One way to prevent membrane contamination is to dose antiscalants. It was established that the use of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAA) as a stabilizer of scale formation is effective for concentrates of reverse osmosis desalination of water.

16

Materiały stosowane do wtórnej hydroizolacji budynków – membrany z tworzyw sztucznych i kauczuku

Monczyński Bartłomiej

Izolacje

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2022

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R. 27, nr 3

18--24, 26

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu są materiały stosowane do wtórnej hydroizolacji budynków – membrany z tworzyw sztucznych i kauczuku. Autor analizuje zagadnienia związane ze stosowaniem folii i membran, zajmuje się hydroizolacją przyziemi budynków, po czym przechodzi do omówienia norm krajowych i międzynarodowych. Uwagę poświęca także mocowaniu membran do podłoża oraz wrażliwości membran na uszkodzenia mechaniczne.

EN

The article focuses on materials used for secondary waterproofing of buildings - plastic and rubber membranes. The author analyzes the issues related to the use of films and membranes, deals with waterproofing the basement of buildings, and then discusses national and international standards. He also pays attention to fixing the membranes to the substrate and the sensitivity of the membranes to mechanical damage.

17

Determination of State Variables in Textile Composite with Membrane During Complex Heat and Moisture Transport

Korycki Ryszard

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 3

328--334

EN

The cotton-based composite is equipped with a single/double semipermeable membrane made of polyurethane (PU) (100%), which blocks liquid transport to the surrounding environment. The complex problem analyzed involves the coupled transport of water vapor within the textile material, transport of liquid water in capillaries, as well as heat transport with vapor and liquid water. The problem can be described using the mass transport equation for water vapor, heat transport equation, and mass transport equation for liquid moisture, accompanied by the set of corresponding boundary and initial conditions. State variables are determined using a complex multistage solution procedure within the selected points for each layer. The distributions of state variables are determined for different configurations of membranes.

18

Wprowadzenie MWK do obrotu a UV

Patoka Krzysztof

Izolacje

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2021

|

R. 26, nr 10

54

PL

Wysokoparoprzepuszczalne membrany wstępnego krycia (oznaczane w [1] jako MWK) są sprzedawane w Polsce od 30 lat. W tym czasie zmieniły się normatywne zasady wprowadzania ich do sprzedaży.

19

City membrane training platforms. Health-promoting Spatial Instalations for Children and Teenagers

Pelczarski Michał

Builder

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2021

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R.25, nr 3

82--87

EN

This article is inspired by the research on membrane training platforms, which has been conducted by the author for over two years. Currently, they are at the stage of building an experimental prototype in a real scale. These studies are the result of cooperation between the Wrocław University of Technology and the Center "Lunares Space - simulated space base" in Piła and the cooperation with the Academy of Physical Education in Wrocław regarding training devices. The membrane training platform is a spatial membrane, mesh, rope or belt installation, stretched elastically on a light and economical, spatial rod structure. A membrane is understood as a bi-curved surface, which is an unstable substrate, generating significant deformations under a load from a human walking on it - simulating walking "in deep snow" or in conditions of reduced gravity. The author's experience, gained in the course of this scientific work, gave him the idea of applying a similar idea to health-promoting urban installations intended for children and adolescents. The author presents this concept against the background of currently known devices with a similar function and character. At the same time, he shows arguments in favor of the implementation of this unconventional proposal, justifying in detail the need to develop this type of activity for children and adolescents, and even for the elderly. The presented proposals for new functional and spatial forms, intended for location in open space, are based on the use of low-cost, single-layer, octagonal and hexagonal bar systems, designed in such a way as to form closed systems, well absorbing forces from polypropylene nets, tapes or membranes stretched inside. According to the author, apart from their functional tasks, these objects could create intriguing, attractive architectural forms, enriching the city space.

PL

Inspiracją niniejszego artykułu są prowadzone przez autora od ponad dwóch lat badania nad membranowymi platformami treningowymi. Aktualnie znajdują się one w stadium budowy doświadczalnego prototypu w skali rzeczywistej. Badania te są rezultatem współpracy Politechniki Wrocławskiej z Centrum „Lunares Space - symulowana baza kosmiczna” w Pile oraz współpracy z Akademią Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu w zakresie urządzeń treningowych. Membranowa platforma treningowa jest przestrzenną instalacją membranową, siatkową, linową lub taśmową, rozpiętą sprężyście na ekonomicznym, przestrzennym stelażu prętowym. Pod pojęciem membrany rozumie się powierzchnię dwukrzywiznową, która stanowi niestabilne podłoże generujące znaczne deformacje pod obciążeniem od chodzącego po niej człowieka – symulujące chodzenie „w głębokim śniegu” czy w warunkach zmniejszonej grawitacji. Doświadczenia autora, zdobyte w trakcie tej pracy naukowej, nasunęły mu koncepcję zastosowania podobnej idei dla prozdrowotnych instalacji miejskich przeznaczonych dla dzieci i młodzieży. Autor przedstawia tę koncepcję na tle znanych obecnie urządzeń, o podobnej funkcji oraz charakterze. Wykazuje równocześnie argumenty przemawiające za sensem realizacji tej niekonwencjonalnej propozycji, szczegółowo uzasadniając potrzeby rozwijania tego typu aktywności u dzieci i młodzieży, a nawet u osób starszych. Prezentowane propozycje nowych form funkcjonalno-przestrzennych przeznaczonych do lokalizacji w otwartej przestrzeni oparte są o wykorzystanie niskobudżetowych, jednopowłokowych systemów prętowych – oktagonalnych i heksagonalnych - projektowanych w taki sposób, by tworzyły systemy zamknięte dobrze przejmujące siły z rozpiętych wewnątrz siatek, taśm lub membran polipropylenowych. Zdaniem autora oprócz swych zadań użytkowych obiekty te mogłyby tworzyć intrygujące, atrakcyjne formy architektoniczne wzbogacające przestrzeń miasta.

20

Reduction of carbon footprint from spark ignition power facilities by the dual approach

Janusz-Szymańska Katarzyna, Grzywnowicz Krzysztof, Wiciak Grzegorz, Remiorz Leszek

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2021

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Vol. 42, no. 2

171--192

EN

Power generation units, suitable for individual users and small scale applications, are mainly based on spark ignition engines. In recently performed research, reductions of emissions coming from such units, especially considering carbon dioxide emissions, are deemed as the issue of particular importance. One of solutions, postponed to reduce impact of spark ignition engine-based units on the natural environment, is transition from fossil fuels into renewable gaseous fuels, as products of organic digestion. Nonetheless, development of new solutions is required to prevent further carbon dioxide emissions. The paper presents a novel dual approach developed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from stationary power units, basing on spark ignition engine. The discussed approach includes both reduction in carbon content in the fuel, which is realized by its enrichment with hydrogen produced using the solar energy-supported electrolysis process, as well as application of post-combustion carbon dioxide separation. Results of the performed analysis suggest profitability of transition from fossil into the hydrogen-enriched fuel mixture, with significant rise in operational parameters of the system following increase in the hydrogen content. Nevertheless, utilization of the carbon dioxide separation leads to vital soar in internal energy demand, causing vital loss in operational and economical parameters of the analyzed system.