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1

Zastosowanie analizy termograwimetrycznej w badaniach farb i powłok

Jurczyk Sebastian, Langer Ewa, Kamińska-Bach Grażyna

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2026

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nr 3

66--73

PL

Analiza termograwimetryczna stosowana jest do precyzyjnego oznaczania zmian masy próbki w funkcji temperatury lub czasu w kontrolowanej atmosferze. Metoda ta stanowi kluczowe narzędzie do oceny stabilności termicznej materiałów oraz do analizy ich procesów rozkładu termicznego, utleniania oraz kinetyki reakcji. Może być również zastosowana do analizy składu materiałów, w tym zawartości wilgoci, sadzy i napełniaczy w materiałach polimerowych. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki analizy składu farb ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem składników, których oznaczenie ilościowe jest trudne lub niemożliwe innymi metodami stosowanymi w badaniach farb i powłok. Potwierdzono, że analiza termograwimetryczna pozwala na ilościowe oznaczenie nie tylko spoiwa organicznego, ale również pigmentów organicznych i sadzy.

EN

Thermogravimetric analysis is used to precisely determine changes in sample mass as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere. It is a key tool for assessing the thermal stability of materials, thermal decomposition, oxidation, and reaction kinetics. It can also be used to analyze the composition of materials, including moisture, carbon black, and filler content in polymeric materials. This article presents selected results of paint composition analysis, with particular emphasis on components whose quantification is difficult or impossible using other methods used in paint and coating testing. It has been confirmed that TGA allows for the quantification of not only organic binders but also organic pigments and carbon black.

2

Nowe farby maskujące na podłoża z tworzyw polimerowych

Langer Ewa, Kopyciński Bartosz, Bodzek-Kochel Mariola

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2026

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nr 4

101--105

PL

Farby maskujące to grupa wyrobów lakierowych opracowywanych nie tylko pod kątem uzyskania właściwości ochronno-dekoracyjnych, ale także określonych charakterystyk spektralnych zapewniających odpowiedni stopień kamuflażu. Szczególnie istotny jest dobór odpowiednich składników, szczególnie spoiwa biorąc pod uwagę podłoże na jakie farby będą aplikowane. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia z procesu recepturowania farb maskujących na podłoża z tworzywa. Przedstawiono etap doboru spoiwa i koalescentów oraz pozostałych składników wyrobów lakierowych. Oznaczono właściwości farb i powłok z nich otrzymanych. Stwierdzono, że charakteryzowały się bardzo dobrą przyczepnością do podłoża jakim był poliamid. W zakresie barwy powłok i reemisji spełniały wymagania odpowiedniej normy obronnościowej. Ich charakterystyka potwierdza, że farby te mogą być stosowane do malowania elementów wykonanych z tworzywa, a wykorzystywanych w sektorze wojskowym.

EN

Camouflage paints are a group of products developed not only for their protective and decorative properties, but also for their specific spectral characteristics that ensure the appropriate level of camouflage. Selecting appropriate ingredients, especially binders, was particularly important considering the substrate to which the paints will be applied. This paper presents selected aspects of the camouflage paint formulation process for plastic substrates. The selection of binders, coalescing agents, and other paint product ingredients was discussed. The properties of the resulting paints and coatings were determined. Very good adhesion to a polyamide substrate was observed. In terms of coating color and re-emission, they met the requirements of the relevant defense standard. Their properties confirm that these paints can be used for painting plastic components used in the military sector.

3

Influence of corrosion on the fatigue resistance of a carbon steel with Ti and Cr nitrides based coatings

Vicen Martin, Zatkalíková Viera, Bokůvka Otakar, Nový František, Belan Juraj, Nikolic Ružica

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2025

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Vol. 7, iss. 1

295--304

EN

The quality of components and structures is directly related to degradation processes such as corrosion and fatigue that are concomitant phenomena during their operation. One of the options for increasing the quality of components and structures is the use of appropriate surface coating. In this paper is presented an experimental investigation of the corrosion influence on the fatigue resistance of the carbon steel with coatings based on Ti and Cr nitrides. The experimental work included determination of the chemical composition of the base material, heat treatment, microstructure evaluation, mechanical properties measurement, coating depositions, corrosion test and the fatigue tests by rotation bending of the deposited layers. The corrosion and fatigue tests have shown that the coating provides improvement of the corrosion resistance and that there was no reduction of the fatigue resistance.

4

Hybrid polymer materials with substantially improved mechanical properties

Sanocki Tadeusz, Sanocki Marek, Sanocka-Zajdel Agnieszka, Majcherczyk Henryk, Zajdel Magdalena, Bulanda Katarzyna, Oliwa Rafał, Oleksy Mariusz, Budzik Grzegorz, Stącel Monika

Polimery

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2025

|

Vol. 70, nr 3

194--203

EN

The results of the research project POIR.01.01.01-00-0760/18 implemented from the funds of the Smart Growth Operational Program in the years 2014-2020 entitled “Development of a new technology for manufacturing details from polymer materials with significantly improved mechanical and visual properties” at Splast Ltd. were presented. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the structure of the composites. The strongest interactions at the composite-coating interface were observed in the case of the use of varnish (interphase boundary width). The composites were characterized by gloss in the range of 32.6-448 GU, which classifies them as semi-gloss or glossy materials. SEM micrographs confirmed the correctness of the selection of materials, as evidenced by good fiber dispersion in the polymer matrix, while maintaining a characteristic round shape.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań projektu POIR.01.01.01-00-0760/18 realizowanego ze środków Programu Operacyjnego Inteligentny Rozwój w latach 2014-2020 pt. „Opracowanie nowej technologii wytwarzania detali z materiałów polimerowych o znacząco poprawionych właściwościach mechanicznych i wizualnych” w Splast Sp. z o.o. Do oceny struktury kompozytów użyto mikroskopię sił atomowych (AFM) i skaningową mikroskopię elektronową (SEM). Najsilniejsze oddziaływania na granicy faz kompozyt-powłoka zaobserwowano w przypadku zastosowania powłoki lakierniczej (szerokość granicy międzyfazowej). Kompozyty charakteryzowały się połyskiem w zakresie 32,6-448 GU, co klasyfikuje je jako materiały z półpołyskiem lub połyskiem. Mikrofotografie SEM potwierdziły poprawność doboru materiałów, o czym świadczy dobra dyspersja włókna w osnowie polimerowej, przy zachowaniu charakterystycznego okrągłego kształtu.

5

Digital image correlation in monitoring of fatigue damage development of MAR-M247 with aluminide coating

Kopec Mateusz

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2025

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Vol. 63 nr 3

551--556

EN

This study investigates the fatigue damage development in MAR-M247, a nickel-based superalloy with aluminide coating, using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The alloy’s microstructures, including fine, coarse, and columnar grains, were analyzed to understand their influence on fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature under controlled force, with strain evolution monitored through non-contact full-field DIC measurements. Results revealed that fine-grained MAR-M247 exhibited superior fatigue resistance due to uniform strain distribution, while coarse-grained and columnar structures showed pronounced strain localization and earlier crack initiation. The application of aluminide coatings did not significantly affect strain distribution across the different microstructures but highlighted complex interactions between coating and grain structure under cyclic loading. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing the performance of MAR-M247 for high-stress applications.

6

Assessment of aluminide coating integrity by using acoustic emission

Kopec Mateusz, Kukla Dominik, Kowalewski Zbigniew L.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2025

|

Vol. 63 nr 3

583--588

EN

Coatings are essential for protecting high-temperature components in aerospace and power generation industries. This study evaluates the integrity of aluminide coatings on MAR-M247, a nickelbased superalloy, under uniaxial tensile loading using acoustic emission (AE). Aluminide coatings, deposited via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), provide oxidation and corrosion resistance but are prone to damage under operational stresses. AE monitoring, a nondestructive evaluation method, detects transient elastic waves associated with damage events such as crack initiation and delamination. By analyzing AE signal characteristics like amplitude and energy, this research identifies acoustic signatures indicative of coating degradation. The findings highlight AE’s potential for real-time damage assessment, enabling early detection and predictive maintenance strategies in high-temperature applications.

7

In-situ tem heating of FeNiCr/C coatings for hydrogen evolution reaction

Morgiel Jerzy, Maj Łukasz, Suszko Tomasz, Pomorska Małgorzata, Dobruchowska Ewa, Gulbiński Witold

Composites Theory and Practice

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2025

|

R. 25, nr 4

243--251

EN

The catalytic electrolysis of water enables this process to be performed at low over-potential, and therefore at a lower energy expenditure. Materials like Ni, Mo or W could substitute costly Pt in this role, especially when applied in the form of coatings. Experiments conducted to date have shown that the efficiency of electrolysis is still increasing in the case of metal nano-rods separated by carbon sheets. The present work is aimed at assessing the temperature stability of such a coating obtained by the magnetron sputtering of an AISI 316L (Fe69Cr18Ni11Mo2, in wt%) target in an atmosphere of Ar and C2H2. The use of in-situ TEM (transmission electron microscopy) heating allowed the start of crystallization of the so-produced coating to be determined, which occurred at ~400℃. Isothermal annealing at this temperature for 1 hour resulted in the predominant precipitation of α-Fe in parallel with a smaller amount of Ni, Fe, C rich nano-particles, while Cr was distributed relatively uniformly throughout the whole coating. Simultaneously, the amorphous carbon underwent transformation to graphite. The experiment showed that the amorphous metal carbon composite coatings developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) may be liable to crystallize in the case it was used in the catalytic electrolysis of superheated steam.

8

Testing the adhesion of finishing coatings on furniture fronts with a grooved surface

Oleńska Sylwia, Beer Piotr, Biernacka Justyna, Oleński Krzysztof

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2025

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No. 132

72--79

EN

Testing the adhesion of finishing coatings on furniture fronts with a grooved surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of finishing coatings applied to grooved furniture fronts. The study was conducted on two types of fronts used in a domestic environment for a period of one year. The impact of use and limiting the number of topcoat layers on the durability of the coatings was assessed. The results showed that after one year of use, the adhesion of the coatings decreased to a maximum of 45%. It was concluded that the analyzed fronts did not meet the requirements for resistance to mechanical damage, indicating the need to optimize the technology for applying finishing coatings. analysed fronts did not meet the requirements for resistance to mechanical damage, indicating the need to optimise

PL

Badanie przyczepności powłok wykończeniowych na frontach meblowych o powierzchni ryflowanej. Celem pracy była ocena przyczepności powłok wykończeniowych stosowanych na ryflowanych frontach meblowych. Badania przeprowadzono na dwóch rodzajach frontów użytkowanych w warunkach domowych przez okres jednego roku. Oceniono wpływ eksploatacji oraz ograniczenia liczby warstw farb nawierzchniowych na trwałość powłok. Wyniki wykazały, że po rocznym okresie użytkowania przyczepność powłok spadła do poziomu maksymalnie 45%. Stwierdzono, że analizowane fronty nie spełniają wymagań w zakresie odporności na uszkodzenia mechaniczne, co wskazuje na potrzebę optymalizacji technologii nakładania powłok wykończeniowych.

9

The effects of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on structure and mechanical properties of titanium dioxide coatings

Karolina Płatek, Leszek Łatka, Sokołowski Paweł, Kiełczawa Tomasz, Sajbura Adam

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 1

381--389

EN

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings, renowned for their photocatalytic properties, are of significant interest for environmental and industrial applications. This study investigates the deposition of black titanium oxide (BTO)-containing coatings using the Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) process, employing an argon-hydrogen plasma mixture. The influence of hydrogen flow rate, spray distance, and powder feed rate on the structure and mechanical properties of the resulting coatings was examined. Deposited coatings were examined in terms of their structure, thickness and porosity. Examination of the mechanical properties included hardness test and Young’s modulus measurement. Presence of fine droplets, both loose or agglomerated and partially sintered was revealed by SEM observations and mechanism of their formation was discussed. The examination of mechanical properties showed that within the examined parameters, spray distance has the greatest impact on Young’s modulus, hardness and porosity of the coatings, while the powder feed rate affects coatings thickness.

10

Study of agglomerated TiO2 and TiO2+Cr2O3 nanocoatings deposited by air plasma spraying on erosion wear

Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan, Erdogan Garip, Turar Zhangabay, Kakimzhanov Dauir

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 12

100--108

EN

In this study, agglomerated TiO2 and TiO2 nanopowders with Cr2O3 addition were tested for erosive wear in a slurry environment. Their abrasiveness, mass loss, and volume loss were investigated. The slag slurry was sieved to an average particle size of 450–515 μm, and media containing 10 wt% slag were prepared. Experiments were conducted at particle velocities of 2 m/s and 4 m/s with normal impact angles (90°). The results revealed that TiO2+Cr2O3 nanocoatings exhibited approximately 25% higher resistance to erosive wear compared to pure TiO2 coatings. Moreover, wear increased with rotational speed, highlighting the influence of mechanical conditions on coating performance. Overall, the addition of Cr2O3 significantly enhanced the mechanical stability and durability of the coatings. These findings provide important insights into the wear mechanisms of nanopowder-based coatings and demonstrate the potential of TiO2+Cr2O3 systems for improving the performance and service life of components operating under high-wear conditions, particularly in industries involving abrasive slurry flows and particulate impact, such as mining, energy, and chemical processing.

11

Comprehensive review of tool treatments and innovations in micro-milling precision and performance

Rathod Vipul Prabhakar, Wankhade Sandeep Haribhau

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 4

241--257

EN

Advancements in micro milling, tool treatments, and ultra-precision machining centers have significantly enhanced the fabrication of micro-scale components across various industries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in these areas, focusing on the impact of tool material innovations, surface treatments, and state-of-the-art machining centers on machining accuracy, surface finish, and tool longevity. The integration of advanced tool treatments and ultra-precision machining technologies has led to improved performance and expanded applications in fields such as biomedical engineering, electronics, and aerospace. The study discusses need and advantages of tool coating, and cryogenic treatment on tools for efficient machining and enhancement of tool life. Future research directions are also discussed, emphasizing the need for continued innovation to meet the growing demand for high-precision micro-manufacturing.

12

Renowacja rurociągów metodą SIPP - modyfikacja konstrukcji dyszy natryskowej, jako sposób optymalizacji procesu powlekania wewnętrznych części wodociągów

Bydałek Szymon, Włodarczyk Sylwia, Motylski Marcin, Ochowiak Marek, Krupińska Andżelika, Przybecki Artur

Technologia Wody

|

2024

|

Nr 2 (84)

54-56

13

The tool steels tribological properties after finish turning using PCBN blades

Jenek M., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Ociepa M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 125, nr 2

56--66

EN

Purpose: The work aimed to determine the possibility of replacing the grinding operation of Vanadis 4 Extra Super Clean and Vanadis 23 Extra Super Clean powder steels with a turning operation using PCBN cutting tools available on the market. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents tribological properties test results of two kinds of hardened powder tool steels, i.e. Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean and Vanadis 23 SuperClean, as well as Sverker 21 alloy steel after finish turning with coated and uncoated polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tools. The tribological properties of the materials, including friction coefficient and wear intensity, were studied and analysed. Findings: The largest increase in wear intensity in the entire range of the tested loads was obtained for tribological pairs with samples treated with uncoated blades and TiAlN-coated blades, regardless of the type of material. The analysis showed that in the entire range of the tested tribological pair loading, Sverker 21 – X153CrMoV12 alloy steel, the highest values of the mean friction coefficient were obtained for the samples treated with uncoated blades and TiAlN coated blades. Different results were obtained during the research on the tribological properties of both powder steels. In the entire range of the tested load, the highest values of the average friction coefficient were obtained for the samples machined with TiN-coated blades. Research limitations/implications: Despite the obvious advantages, hard machining of powder steels is not widely used in industry today. The reasons for the relatively low popularity of turning heat-treated materials, including powder steels, can be found in the still very high costs of PCBN tools, making it necessary to select optimal machining parameters and appropriate cutting tools to ensure production economic viability. Practical implications: The tool steels' tribological properties after finish turning using PCBN blades are similar to those properis obtained after the grinding process. Originality/value: The analysis showed the possibility of replacing the grinding process with finish turning using PCBN blades of steel tools. However, this process requires properly selecting the blade type suitable for the processed material.

14

Assessment of the effectiveness of selected coatings for protection against UV radiation in glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP)

Smoleń Jakub, Bechcińska Karolina, Smok Weronika, Olesik Piotr, Stępień Krzysztof

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

|

R. 24, nr 1

65--71

EN

The paper describes the effectiveness of selected protective coatings against ultraviolet radiation in glass fiber reinforced composites. Epoxy resin matrix GFRP composites with 1 mm thick coatings were produced. Four types of coatings were compared: pure epoxy resin, epoxy resin with the addition of a UV stabilizer from the benzophenone group, epoxy resin with an addition of graphite (screening function) and a commercial polyester gelcoat. The composites were irradiated for 1000 h with ultraviolet radiation from three separate radiation ranges: UVA, UVB, UVC. The changes in the surface appearance, flexural strength and chemical structure were described. The results shows that UV radiation caused changes in the surface condition for the reference samples (coating without additives), such as yellowing and matting. Also, a reduction in the flexural strength by over 10% and changes in the chemical structure, mainly caused by oxidation processes and the cracking of chemical bonds were observed. The most beneficial protection was found to be the UV stabilizer from the benzophenone group, the addition of which provides UV protection over the entire radiation range and protects the material against negative changes in the coating’s chemical structure. Also, similar results were obtained for the samples with the graphite coating.

PL

Opisano skuteczność wybranych powłok ochronnych przed promieniowaniem ultrafioletowym w kompozytach wzmacnianych włóknem szklanym. Wytworzono kompozyty GFRP z żywicą epoksydową i powłokami o grubości 1 mm. Porównano cztery rodzaje powłok: czysta żywica epoksydowa, żywica epoksydowa z dodatkiem stabilizatora UV z grupy benzofenonów, żywica epoksydowa z dodatkiem grafitu (funkcja ekranizowania) oraz komercyjny żelkot poliestrowy. Kompozyty poddawano działaniu promieniowania UV przez trzy różne zakresy promieniowania: UVA, UVB, UVC przez 1000 godzin. Opisano zmiany w wyglądzie powierzchni, wytrzymałości na zginanie i strukturze chemicznej. Wyniki pokazują, że promieniowanie UV spowodowało zmiany w stanie powierzchni dla próbek referencyjnych (powłoka bez dodatków), takie jak żółknięcie i matowienie. Zaobserwowano również redukcję wytrzymałości na zginanie o ponad 10% i zmiany w strukturze chemicznej, głównie spowodowane procesami utleniania i pękaniem wiązań chemicznych. Najkorzystniejszą ochroną okazał się stabilizator UV z grupy benzofenonów, dodatek którego zapewnia ochronę UV w całym zakresie promieniowania i chroni materiał przed negatywnymi zmianami w strukturze chemicznej powłoki. Podobne wyniki uzyskano także dla próbek z powłoką z dodatkiem grafitu.

15

The Effect of HVOF Spray Distance on Solid Particle Erosion Resistance of WC-based Cermets Bonded by Co, Co-Cr and Ni Deposited on Mg-alloy Substrate

Jonda Ewa, Łatka Leszek, Lont Aleksandra, Gołombek Klaudiusz, Szala Mirosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

115--128

EN

Magnesium alloys are very interesting engineering materials because of their high strength-to-density ratio. On the other hand, they are characterized by low hardness as well as low erosion resistance. Because of these reasons, their applications in the industry are very limited. The article presents the results of the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying of the hard cermet coatings onto AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate. Three feedstock powders were used in the process with composition (wt.%): WC-12Co, WC-10Co-4Cr and WC-20Cr3C2Ni. The spray distance (SD) was selected as a variable parameter with values equal to 320 and 400 mm. Observations carried out under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed a typical HVOF-sprayed microstructure with a compact structure and low porosity (below 3 vol.%). The hardness of the manufactured coatings, ranging from 912 HV0.2 to 1328 HV0.2, what was significantly higher than the substrate. The solid particle erosion tests were carried out according to the ASTM G76-04 standard. Erosive experiments were done for 30°, 60° and 90° inclination angles of the nozzle using Al2O3 abrasive. Erosion tests confirm that cermets exhibit substantial erosion resistance better than the substrate. The highest erosion resistance was noted for WC-10Co-4Cr coatings. The erosion rate for cermet coatings was mostly below 0.9 mg/min, whereas for the AZ31 it was more than 1.5 mg/min. In the case of the average erosion value, it was between 12 and 22 times lower than for the substrate. Results analysis reveal that shorter spray distance decreases porosity, increases hardness, and finally supports erosion resistance of the cermets.

16

The geometric surface structure of hardened powder tool steels after finish turning using coated and uncoated PCBN cutting tools

Jenek Mariusz, Frankovsky P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 121, nr 2

221--230

EN

The work aimed to determine the possibility of replacing the grinding operation of Vanadis 4 Extra Super Clean and Vanadis 23 Extra Super Clean powder steels with a turning operation using PCBN cutting tools available on the market. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents test results of the geometric surface structure of tempered steels such as powder steel (Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean, Vanadis 23 SuperClean) and alloy steel (Sverker 21) after finish turning with coated and uncoated regular boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tools. Selected roughness parameters, 3D topographies, depth and degree of material strengthening, as well as residual stresses on machined surfaces, were studied and analysed. Findings An analysis of the machined surfaces of Van4 and Van23 powder steels indicates that the lowest values of both roughness parameters were obtained after machining with TiAlN-coated blades. The conducted analysis has revealed a strengthening of the surface layer of all machined surfaces, regardless of the type of machined material and the type of tool. The surface parameters of Van23 powder steel were similar to the ones obtained after the grinding operation, after machining with each type of tested blade. Van4 and Van23 powder steel surfaces examined had the highest compressive stresses among all turned surfaces. Research limitations/implications The research should be extended to include commercially available powder materials and coated tools. Practical implications It is possible to obtain a surface layer with properties corresponding to the grinding process in the turning process. Research has shown the possibility of replacing the grinding process with turning. Such a solution is only possible for the tested materials when using a PCBN blade with a TiAlN coating. It does not cause a reduction in the parameters of the surface layer. Originality/value The analysis carried out showed many advantages of using coated tools for turning a given group of materials, such as, i.e. lower values of the key roughness parameters of the machined surfaces or the absence of adverse phenomena on the machined surfaces (side flow, material sticking) which adversely affect the functional properties of the surfaces after machining.

17

Surface Topography and Tribological Properties of Cutting Tool Coatings

Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena, Madej Monika

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 6

39--48

EN

The surface topography formed during the technological process has an influence on the wear characteristics and modifies the surface topography of friction components during the operation process, including cutting tools. It is therefore important to carry out research to find the best material and construction solutions to increase their durability and reliability. The research and analysis covered selected coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN) applied to cutting tools for their anti-wear properties. The coatings were obtained through physical vapour deposition PVD. For the purpose of evaluating the tribological properties of the coatings, friction-wear tests were carried out in rotary motion on a ball-on-disc device (ball made of 100 Cr6 steel, discs made of SW7M steel coated with selected coatings) at a constant load (10N), under coolant lubrication conditions. Investigations of the surface topography before and after tribological tests were carried out on a confocal microscope. The friction coefficient and the amount of wear (wear track) of the coatings were shown to vary under the same operating conditions. The highest friction coefficient was obtained for the TiCN coating (0.199), while the lowest for the TiN coating (0.144) – the surface topography of the balls deteriorated (parameters Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku increased in value). The highest linear wear (281.1 µm) was obtained for the TiAlN coating (the coating was torn halfway through the test), where the ball surface topography has improved (lowered values of parameters Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku, Spd, Spc).

18

Papiery barierowe otrzymywane metodą zadruku fleksograficznego

Wierzchowski Artur, Bartkowiak Artur

Przegląd Papierniczy

|

2022

|

R. 78, nr 8

444--447

PL

W artykule, będącym wprowadzeniem do dalszych badań, przedstawiono otrzymywanie papierów opakowaniowych metodą nanoszenia warstwy barierowej techniką fleksograficzną. Omówiono właściwości wybranych papierów oraz wymagania, jakim powinny odpowiadać papiery barierowe. Stwierdzono, że opakowania wytworzone z tych papierów można poddać recyklingowi, co zostanie ostatecznie potwierdzone w kolejnych etapach badań.

EN

This article is an introduction to further research on obtaining barrier paper using flexographic printing technique. Properties of selected base papers and the requirements for coated papers are discussed. It war found that packaging produced from these papers can be recycled what will be confirmed in next publications.

19

Key determinants for high-alloyed cast irons for mechanical engineering

Pacha-Gołębiowska H., Piekarska W.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 27, no. 1

146--167

EN

This work presents the factors determining cast iron, and particularly austenitic high-alloy cast iron as a construction material, which is ranked among the leading casting alloys of iron with carbon, mainly due to its very good service properties, which makes it dedicated as a material for automotive castings, pipe and fitting castings and components resistant to elevated temperatures, corrosion and abrasive wear. Construction materials currently used in industry have increasingly better properties and their potential is depleting quickly. This forces the manufacturers to adjust the requirements and production capabilities of cast iron using the most modern technologies that give the expected beneficial economic and operating effects. The paper quotes the results of research in the field of the offered technologies that give special surface features to machine parts made of cast iron by modernising the parameters of the technological process of obtaining high-alloy austenitic cast iron, i.e., by applying coatings, as well as by appropriate surface treatment, the aim of which is and reinforce the material surface with those properties which are important in a given application.

20

Effect of plasma nitriding process on the fatigue and high temperature corrosion resistance of Inconel 740H nickel alloy

Kopec Mateusz, Gorniewicz Dominika, Kukla Dominik, Barwinska Izabela, Jóźwiak Stanisław, Sitek Ryszard, Kowalewski Zbigniew L.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 1

art. no. e57, 2022

EN

The paper presents a comparison of microhardness, fatigue and high temperature corrosion of Inconel 740H nickel alloy in its as-received state and the same material with nitrided surface layers. The nitrided layers were produced using traditional glow discharge nitriding (specimens nitriding on the cathode potential) and an active screen (specimens nitriding at the plasma potential). A microstructure of the layers was characterized through the scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties of the nitrided Inconel 740H alloy were examined using microhardness measurements and standard fatigue tests. It was found that Inconel 740H with a nitrided surface exhibited an improved fatigue response of 50 MPa in the whole range of stress amplitudes from 350 to 650 MPa and almost 325% increase of hardness for plasma modified surface and 250% for cathode modified surface. Additionally, the application of cathode nitriding enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloy in question and effectively protected it against a high temperature oxidation.