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1

An Investigation into the Equilibrium, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Mn(II) Ion Biosorption Using Pine Cones

Thaçi Bashkim, Hasani-Bekteshi Gentiana, Veseli Albana, Dylhasi Arta

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2026

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Vol. 52, no. 1

60--69

EN

It is now evident that the utilization of agricultural waste materials represents one of the most effective approaches for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, Kosovo pine cones were used as a natural, low-cost biosorbent to remove Mn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the biosorbent before and after Mn(II) treatment. The observed peak shifts after Mn(II) biosorption suggest interactions between manganese ions and functional groups, particularly hydroxyl and amino groups, rather than carboxyl and carbonyl groups. The main parameters affecting the biosorption process, such as pH, biosorbent dose, initial solvent concentration, contact time, and temperature, were investigated to determine optimal conditions. The efficiency of manganese biosorption was strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous solution, with optimal removal typically observed at a neutral pH of approximately 7. Isotherm parameters corresponding to the Langmuir and the Freundlich models were derived from the experimental data. The Langmuir isotherm model (R2 0.997) provided the best fit to the equilibrium data, with a maximum biosorption capacity of 36.90 mg/g at 288 K. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔSo, and ΔGo) were determined, indicating that the biosorption process is exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. The study confirms that pine cones are an efficient biomaterial for the treatment of Mn(II)-contaminated water.

2

Assessing the loading capacity of walnut peels as a nanobiomass for the biosorption of certain heavy metals from wastewater

Khalaf Sarah Adnan, Shartooh Sufyan Mohammed, Abdullah Shihan Mayada

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 2

169--182

EN

Bio-removal of heavy metal pollution remains a major challenge in environmental biotechnology. This paper focuses on the potential of carbon nanoparticles for biosorption of zinc, copper, and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions, employing economical and environmentally sound plant wastes. Walnut peels were washed by distilled water, mixed with KOH, burned at 650 °C, and treated ultrasonically to obtain carbon nanoparticles. Standard solutions of the heavy metals under study were prepared based on calculations of the molecular weights of the relevant metal salts Zn, Cu, and Cd, the metal ions were estimated in both treated and wastewater sample. The experiment included evaluating the effect of some environmental factors on the process of biosorption of heavy metals from wastewater to choose the optimal conditions for the adsorption process. These environmental factors included the initial metal concentration, pH, temperature, retention time, and biomass. The optimum conditions of initial metal concentration, pH, temperature, retention time, and biomass were recorded as 100 mg/l, pH of 7, 45 °C., 60 min., 0.2 g respectively. These results were supported by XRD examination, which indicated the presence of two Bragg diffraction peaks in the carbon nanoparticles, and TEM results also indicated the presence of inhomogeneous particles, as well as the irregular shape of the surface of the carbon nanoparticles with a large surface area, according to SEM examination. However, the optimal adsorption conditions were applied in a laboratory treatment unit, which showed its efficiency in removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. Carbon nanoparticles derived from walnut shells can be employed as excellent adsorbents for removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

3

Fungal Biomass for Water Softening via the Biosorption Process

Hołda Anna

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 4, no. 2

263--269

EN

Hardness in water, primarily caused by calcium and magnesium ions, poses significant operational, environmental, and health-related challenges. This study evaluates the potential of Aspergillus niger biomass (AN) and coconut-based activated carbon (AC) as lowcost biosorbents for water softening. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of contact time, shaking speed, pH, and adsorbent dosage on hardness removal from artificial hard water. The results demonstrate that both sorbents exhibit relatively rapid initial ion uptake, reaching equilibrium after 7 hours for AN and 11 hours for AC. Shaking speed showed only minor influence beyond 150 rpm, indicating that external mass transfer limitations were minimized at moderate agitation. Within the pH range of 5–9, hardness removal remained nearly constant, whereas literature data indicate a sharp increase in removal efficiency at pH values above 10 due to enhanced surface negativity. Increasing adsorbent dose improved removal efficiency up to a saturation threshold, with optimal performance observed at 15–20 g of biosorbent. Overall, A. niger biomass demonstrated promising softening capabilities, suggesting its potential application as an economical and sustainable alternative to conventional water softening technologies.

PL

Twardość wody, wynikająca głównie z obecności jonów wapnia i magnezu, stanowi istotne wyzwanie eksploatacyjne, środowiskowe oraz zdrowotne. W niniejszym badaniu oceniono potencjał biomasy Aspergillus niger (AN) oraz węgla aktywnego (AC) jako niskokosztowych biosorbentów do zmiękczania wody. Przeprowadzono eksperymenty okresowe mające na celu określenie wpływu czasu kontaktu, prędkości wytrząsania, pH oraz dawki sorbentu na usuwanie twardości ze sztucznie przygotowanej twardej wody. Wyniki wykazały, że oba sorbenty charakteryzują się stosunkowo szybkim początkowym wychwytem jonów, osiągając stan równowagi po 7 godzinach dla AN i po 11 godzinach dla AC. Prędkość wytrząsania miała jedynie niewielki wpływ powyżej 150 rpm, co wskazuje, że ograniczenia transportu masy w warstwie zewnętrznej były zminimalizowane przy umiarkowanej intensywności mieszania. W zakresie pH 5–9 usuwanie twardości pozostawało praktycznie niezmienne, podczas gdy dane literaturowe wskazują na gwałtowny wzrost efektywności przy pH powyżej 10 ze względu na zwiększoną ujemną polaryzację powierzchni. Zwiększenie dawki sorbentu poprawiało efektywność usuwania do momentu osiągnięcia progu nasycenia, przy czym optymalną wydajność obserwowano przy 15–20 g biosorbentu. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, biomasa A. niger wykazała obiecujące właściwości zmiękczające, wskazując na jej potencjalne zastosowanie jako ekonomicznej i zrównoważonej alternatywy dla konwencjonalnych technologii zmiękczania wody.

4

Hydrogen Peroxide Treated Desiccated Coconut Waste as a Biosorbent in Malachite Green Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Hussin Shuhaila Mohd, Al-Amrani Waheeba Ahmed, Suah Faiz Bukhari Mohd, Harimu La, Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

323--333

EN

Malachite green (MG), commonly employed in the textile and dyeing sectors, is a prevalent and enduring contaminant found in wastewater and the environment. Its presence poses harmful effects to humans and aquatic organisms. This work utilised hydrogen peroxide‑treated desiccated coconut waste (HPDCW) to remove MG from an aqueous solution. The HPDCW underwent characterisation utilising FTIR, SEM-EDX, pHslurry , and pHpzc . Based on the results obtained, it was found that HPDCW recorded a biosorption capacity of 211.88 mg/g, attained at a temperature of 302 K, a pH of 9, a contact period of 5 min, and a dosage of 0.02 g. MG biosorption rates accurately followed the pseudo‑second‑order kinetic model, while the equilibrium data presented a step‑shaped isotherm model. The relatively small percentages of MG desorption observed when using distilled water and HCl (0.01 and 0.02 M) indicate that electrostatic interaction is one of the mechanisms responsible for the interaction between MG and HPDCW. There is also a possibility of the involvement of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.

5

Biosorption of Lead and Copper by Epiphytic Rhizobacterial Species Isolated from Lepironia articulata and Scirpus grossus

Al-Ajalin Fayeq Abdelhafez, Idris Mushrifah, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Imron Muhammad Fauzul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

44--61

EN

In this study, biosorption potential of nine epiphytic bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Lepironia articulata and Scirpus grossus were assessed. Identification of the isolated epiphytic rhizobacteria using 16S rRNA analysis showed species belonging to the four genera of Bacillus, Enterobacter, Aeromonas, and Chromobacterium. Batch biosorption studies were carried out to assess the capacity of the isolated bacteria to act as Pb and Cu biosorbents. Different initial concentrations of the two heavy metals (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm) were used to determine the ability of the biosorbent to reach a tolerance level and then calculate the percentage of biosorption with respect to 0.1 g dry weight. Initial concentration of Pb and Cu exposed showed that the isolated bacteria have high tolerance up to 400 ppm. Bacteria prefer Pb ions over Cu, which is indicated by higher removal of Pb in all tested reactors. Bacillus sp. (coded Sc1) showed the highest biosorption capacity with 100% Pb and 97% Cu removal.

6

Biosorpcja jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych : skuteczność procesu w warunkach ustalonych

Trawczyńska Ilona, Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 12

1364--1366

PL

Przedstawiono symulację biosorpcji jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych dla ustalonych wartości temperatury procesu. Ze względu na koszty związane z etapem chłodzenia często wymagane jest prowadzenie procesów w temperaturze zbliżonej do temperatury otoczenia. Na podstawie zaproponowanego modelu matematycznego obliczono skuteczność procesu biosorpcji w wąskim zakresie temp. 20-25°C, często stosowanym w przemyśle. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą dużej wrażliwości procesu biosorpcji na zmianę temperatury. Obliczone wartości efektywnego współczynnika dyfuzji Deᵀ mieszczą się w przedziale 0,55-0,67∙10⁻⁹ m²/s, a przedstawione wyniki potwierdzają możliwość łatwego prognozowania De za pomocą proponowanej metody.

EN

A math. model of the biosorption process of Cu ions by alginates was created. The biosorption efficiency was detd. using the values of the effective diffusion coeff. (De) depending on the temperature, pH of the Cu soln. (P) and alginate content in the granules (C). Formulas for calcg. P and C were developed for the biosorption process carried out at temp. in the range of 9.8-60.2°C. The results prove the sensitivity of the biosorption process to temp. changes. The calcns. enable easy prediction of the effective diffusion coeff. De of the biosorption process.

7

The Potential Biosorption of Copper and Manganese by Bacterial Cellulose in the Environment

Kroeksakul Patarapong, Ngamniyom Arin, Chongkolnee Boonsong

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

190--196

EN

This study investigated the efficiency of copper and manganese adsorption by bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from Komagataeibacter intermedius BE073. BC was collected from production processes in a village in Nakhon Nayok province. BC had high moisture content of 91.15±3.68%, an average water absorption index (WAI) of 5.30±0.362, an average tensile strength of 99.1 ±6.18 MPa, average elongation at break of 6.41±0.67%, and an average Young modulus of 1445±177 MPa. Structural analysis of the BC material shows that it is a cellulose powder with a main group. Measurements show that the Mn content in BC rapidly decreased after soaking in solution, and that the highest Cu absorption efficiency of BC during a 120 minute period was 15469 mg kg-1. The results of this study show that BC may be successfully used to absorb various heavy metal residues from leachate, particularly Cu solutions. BC cannot absorb Mn from solution, so it cannot be used to absorb Mn from leachate. However, studies have shown that BC can release Mn into solution. Therefore, BC may be effective for use in agriculture, as Mn is a micronutrient for plants.

8

Removal of Ni(II) Ions by Citric Acid-Functionalised Aloe vera Leaf Powder – Characterisation, Kinetics, and Isotherm Studies

Al-Amrani Waheeba Ahmed, Abdullah Rohaizan, Megat Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal, Suah Faiz Bukhari Mohd

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

217--227

EN

Aloe vera leaves (AVL), a by-product of agricultural waste, have been applied as a biosorbent for reducing Ni(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The biosorption capability of AVL powder was enhanced through chemical treatment with 0.10 M citric acid solution. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), pH of point-zero-charge (pHPZC), and pHslurry analyses were used to study the surface, and chemical properties of citric acid-treated Aloe vera leaf powder (CAAVLP). The setting for experiments such as pH solution, CAAVLP dose, initial concentration, and biosorption time was investigated. Maximum Ni(II) ion biosorption capability was determined to be 48.65 mg/g based on the Langmuir model at pH 6, a CAAVLP dose of 0.02 g, initial Ni(II) concentrations of 5 to 50 mg/L and biosorption time of 120 min. The data for the isotherm and kinetics were well matched with the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models, respectively, with high regression correlation (R2) and low chi-square (χ2) values. The presence of more-COOH groups after treating AVL with citric acid resulted in more Ni(II) ions being able to be removed.

9

Experimental Observations and Assessment of Landfill Leachate Bioremediation by Autochthonous Fungi Species and their Effective Geoactivities

Muksy Renjbar, Kolo Kamal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

312--327

EN

Autochthonous fungi are potential successful agents in the process of bioremediation through their efficient adaptation to pollutant toxicity and competition with other microorganisms that are present in the leachate treatment plant. The leachate from municipal waste landfills was an important source of fungi. Even though some of these fungi have the potential to be human pathogens, such strains wh en used in biolo gical treatment approaches may serve as a possible tool for integrating the leachate bioremediation process because of the extracellular enzymes produced by fungal strains. In this study, the leachate sample was tested with regard to four parameters, including total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and the decolorization of the leachate sample by a number of indigenous species of fungi, which were observed by use of the culture techniques. The scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, UV-spectrum, and reflected and transmitted polarizing light microscope were used in the research project to o bserve and assess the obtained data from the experimental work. The results indicated the various levels of efficiency of the isolated fungal strains in eliminating color, lowering TDS, EC, and pH through their geoactivities potential in metal biosorption and immobilization by biomineralization of new minerals in the growth environment and eventually reducing the metal bioavailability and toxicity.

10

Utilization of Ziziphus lotus Fruit as a Potential Biosorbent for Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution

El Yakoubi Nosair, Ennami Mounia, El Ansari Zineb Nejjar, Ait Lhaj Farida, Bounab Loubna, El Kbiach Mohammed L'bachir, El Bouzdoudi Brahim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

135--146

EN

The removal of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by the Ziziphus lotus fruits powder, as inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent, was studied in batch mode. Fruits powder (FP) revealed the highest uptake rate at pH=8 and pH=7 for Cd(II) and Pb(II) consecutively. The best metal adsorption rate is obtained with a temperature ranging from 25 to 30 °C, a contact time of 90 min, an initial ionic concentration of 100 mg/L, and a biosorbent dosage ranging from 3.5 to 5 g/L.The experimental kinetic data of the biosorption process for both heavy metal ions were fitted by the pseudo second order model. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacities were 33.94 mg/g and 69.06 mg/g for Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively. The main chemical groups which are involved in the trapping of Cd(II) and Pb(II) and which have been revealed by FTIR spectral analysis are: N–C, O=C, H-O, H-C, and O–C. The present research confirms that Z. lotus fruits could be exploited as a low-cost and an effective biosorbent for the elimination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution.

11

Impact of temperature, bed height, and particle size on Ni(II) removal in a continuous system: Modelling the break curve

Villabona-Ortíz Ángel, Tejada-Tovar Candelaria, Ortega-Toro Rodrigo, Peña-Romero Keily, Botello-Urbiñez Ciro

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

257--264

EN

The objective of this research was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the shell biomass (Dioscorea rotundata), taking into account the impact of temperature, bed height, and particle size on the removal of nickel(II) ions in aqueous solution in a continuous fixed-bed column system; performing the modelling of the break curve. The biomass was characterised by SEM-EDS analysis. The analysis found that it represents a rough, heterogeneous structure, rich in carbon and oxygen, with mesopores, and is suitable for removing heavy metals. It also determined the optimum parameters of the bed height, particle size, and temperature, keeping the pH and the initial concentration of the solution constant. The results revealed that the bed height and the particle size are the two most influential variables in the process. Ni(II) removal efficiencies range between 85.8 and 98.43%. It was found that the optimal conditions to maximise the efficiency of the process are temperature of 70°C, 1.22 mm particle size, and 124 mm bed height. The break curve was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, Dose-Response, and Yoon-Nelson models, with the Dose-Response model showing the best affinity with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9996. The results obtained in this research showed that yam shell could be suggested as an alternative for use in the removal of Ni(II) ions present in an aqueous solution in a continuous system.

12

Increasing Effectiveness of Heavy Metal Sorption by Biosorbent Microalgae Beads

Rinanti Astri, Fachrul Melati Ferianita, Hadisoebroto Rositayanti, Minarti Astari, Sunaryo Thalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

50--57

EN

This research was conducted to overcome the Cu2+ heavy metal pollution in the environment through a biotechnological approach with heavy metal sorption process by microalgae beads. Biosorbent in form of beads was produced from Chlorella sorokiniana, Monoraphidium sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus tropical microalgae mobilized with Naalginate polymer. The sorption process is observed on a controlled batch culture with variations of temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C), and observation periods (200th, 220th, 250th, 270th min) as contact time. The absorption efficiency on each temperature variation reaches more than 90%, but the highest absorption efficiency rate is at 92.20% on 35 °C temperature and 200 minutes of contact time. Biosorbent beads with 2–3 mm of diameters show the best sorption ability than the 3–4 mm and 4–5 mm ones. Sorption process is also evident with the existence of intensity alteration on amide, ketone, and sulfhydryl function groups which were consistently weakened until the end of the sorption process. The beads utilized in this research are potentially reusable as biosorbent. Thus, further examination is required to acknowledge the maximum reutilization rate of the beads as biosorbent on heavy metal absorption process.

13

Biosorption Capacity of Activated Sludge Sand Bed for Removal of Copper from Treated Wastewater

Trybułowski Łukasz, Rogowska Weronika, Zakrzewski Jakub

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

61--69

EN

In this paper, the biosorption capacity of activated sludge sand bed was investigated for copper removal from wastewater. A sand bed consisting of three layers was used for the study: (1) filter gravel with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, (2) a biological part inoculated with 200 ml of flocculent activated sludge with a dry weight of 5 kg/m3, (3) filter sand with a grain diameter of about 3 mm. The filter was fed with model wastewater prepared with sodium acetate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate I and II basic. The source of Cu ions in the wastewater was CuSO4. The model wastewater used in this study was collected every 24 hours. The experiment was terminated when the concentration of Cu in the treated wastewater sample was equal to that in the treated wastewater. Such a phenomenon was indicative of the depletion of the sorption capacity of the tested bed, which was observed after 26 days. The concentration of copper in raw and effluent from the bed was studied using atomic absorption spectroscopy (ASA) in samples mineralized in nitric acid (HNO3) with the addition of perhydrol (H2O2). Two equilibrium models, Langmuir and Freudlich, were analyzed to study the absorption isotherms.

14

Praktyczne aspekty eksploatacji filtrów węglowych

Lasocka-Gomuła Iwona, Weber Łukasz

Technologia Wody

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2021

|

Nr 2 (76)

34--38

PL

Technologia procesu uzdatniania wody dzieli się na dwa stopnie. Pierwszy, bardzo dobrze rozpoznany, oparty na procesie napowietrzania, koagulacji i filtracji przez złoża kwarcowe lub antracytowo-kwarcowe, drugi oparty na filtracji przez granulowany węgiel aktywny, najczęściej połączony z procesem ozonowania. Wielu jednak producentów wody nie decyduje się na proces ozonowania z uwagi na koszty inwestycyjne oraz koszty eksploatacyjne wpływające na cenę wyprodukowania 1 m3 wody.

15

The Use of Algae in the Process of Cadmium and Lead Ions Removal from Wastewater

Cygnarowska Katarzyna

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2021

|

Tom 23

823--834

EN

The study presents the possibility of using chlorophyta in the removal of cadmium and lead ions from industrial wastewater produced after the washing of equipment used in the manufacture of battery and batteries. The process was conducted with the use of two algal cultures: Raphidocelis subcapitata produced in laboratory conditions, and a mixed chlorophyta population collected from a natural, eutrophicated water reservoir with heavy metal ions present in the water and sludge. The study showed that the effectiveness of a pure algal culture is comparable to that of a mixed chlorophyta population, characterized by greater diversity of functional groups at binding sites and higher resistance to stress that may occur in the wastewater environment. The maximum effectiveness of ions sorption was 64% for cadmium (mixed algal population) and 60% for lead (Raphidocelis subcapitata).

16

Sorption of selected radionuclides from liquid radioactive waste by sorbents of biological origin : the alkaline earth alginates

Fuks Leon, Oszczak-Nowińska Agata

Nukleonika

|

2021

|

Vol. 66, No. 4

153--158

EN

The sorption of 241Am3+, 85Sr2+ and 137Cs+ by calcium, strontium and barium alginates has been studied under different operation conditions. The most prominent adsorption was found in the pH range of 5–6 for all systems, even if the observed dependence on the acidity of the solution was small. The most favourable time for the adsorption process was found to be about 2 h for calcium alginate and 4 h for the other two sorbents.

17

Kinetic modelling of biosorption for hydrocarbon removal from wastewater using a modified logistic equation

Knapik Ewa, Stopa Jerzy

Journal of Geotechnology and Energy

|

2021

|

Vol. 38, no. 1

27--34

EN

The application of raw and modified biomass to remove hydrocarbons from wastewater by adsorption is a common practice. A mathematical modeling of biosorption kinetics is a crucial step to optimize the remediation process. In the present study, kinetic studies were carried out to describe the sorption process of crude oilon waste sunflower stalk pith. To increase sorption capacity, the pith surface was modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles. The maximum loading of sorption for raw and hydrophobized material was 17.76 g/g and 19.62 g/g for crude oil, respectively. The system reached the equilibrium stage after 24 hours. The uptake profiles have been described by the pseudo-first order rate equation and the pseudo-second order rate equation. The calculated results were compared with experimental data and their fit was poor. To predict biosorption kinetics, a new mathematically efficient procedure based on a modified logistic equation was developed. The results indicate that the sunflower pith is an eco-friendly sorbent with significant potential for the removal of crude oil from water phase.

18

Biosorption of Pb(II) by the resistant Enterobacter sp. : Investigated by kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

Liu Lei, Xia Mengya, Hao Jianwen, Xu Haoxi, Song Wencheng

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

|

Vol. 47, no. 3

28--36

EN

The Pb(II)-resistant bacterium was isolated from heavy metal-contained soils and used as a biosorbent to remove Pb(II). The strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The effect of biosorption properties (pH value, Pb(II) concentration, bacterial concentration and temperature) on Pb(II) was investigated by batch experiments. Results of FTIR and XPS showed that the biosorption process mainly involved some oxygen-containing groups (-OH and -COOH groups). The experimental results and equilibrium data were fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. The experimental biosorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the maximum biosorption capacity was 40.75 mg/g at 298 K. The calculated ΔGо and ΔHо were –4.06 and 14.91(kJ/mol), respectively, which indicated that biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Results show that Enterobacter sp. will be an efficient biosorbent for Pb(II) removal.

19

Simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals from water by novel lemon-peel based biomaterial

Šabanović Elma, Memić Mustafa, Sulejmanović Jasmina, Selović Alisa

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2020

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Vol. 22, nr 1

46--53

EN

Simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals in complex multi metal system is insuffnciently explored. This research gives results of key process parameters optimization for simultaneous removal of Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution (batch system). New lemon peel-based biomaterial was prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), while the quantifi cation of metals was made by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Simultaneous removal of seven metals ions was favorable at pH 5 with 300 mg/50 mL solidliquid phase ratio, within 60 min at room temperature with total obtained adsorption capacity of 46.77 mg g–1. Kinetic modeling showed that pseudo-second order kinetic and Weber-Morris diffusion models best describe the adsorption mechanism of all seven heavy metals onto lemon peel.

20

Reduction and Biosorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Acid- -Modifi ed Guava Seeds: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

Ortíz-Gutiérrez Marel, Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva Ruth, Martínez-Miranda Verónica, Hernández-Cristóbal Orlando, Cortés-Martínez Raúl

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2020

|

Vol. 22, nr 4

36--47

EN

The use of guava seeds (GS) and acid-modified guava seeds (MGS) for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Batch-type experiments were performed with Cr(VI) aqueous solutions and biosorbents to determine the kinetic and equilibrium sorption parameters. Results indicated that GS and MGS were capable of reducing and remove Cr(VI) from solutions, but the reduction was only observed at some experimental conditions. Infrared analysis showed that several functional groups were involved in the reduction, and biosorption of Cr(VI), particularly alcohol, phenolic, carboxylic, and methoxymethyl structures. The mechanisms of reduction and biosorption depended upon the type of biosorbent, pH, and temperature of the system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the kinetic sorption data, and the Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) model describes the isotherm data in most cases. Significantly high total chromium biosorption capacities were obtained. Acid modification of guava seeds improves chromium biosorption performance.