Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Regulacje prawne w zakresie przewozu towarów niebezpiecznych różnymi środkami transportu

Kołdys K., Czech P., Filipczyk J., Turoń K., Urbańczyk R.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2017

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R. 18, nr 6

257--261, CD

PL

W artykule zostało omówione prawodawstwo z zakresu problematyki przewozu towarów niebezpiecznych. Scharakteryzowano akty prawne regulujące transport drogowy, kolejowy, śródlądowy, morski i lotniczy. Realizowanie przewozów zgodnie z wymaganiami zawartymi w omówionych przepisach gwarantuje optymalny poziom bezpieczeństwa, minimalizując wystąpienie wypadku, incydentu lub zdarzenia awaryjnego, które mogłoby doprowadzić do utraty zdrowia i życia ludzkiego, zniszczenia środowiska naturalnego oraz zniszczenia mienia.

EN

Substances, mixtures and articles meeting the criteria for classification as dangerous goods should be transported in accordance with the requirements set out in the relevant legislation, adequate for the type of transport. Conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by road transport have been determined in European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), by rail transport in Regulations concerning the International Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID), by inland waterway transport in European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (ADN), by sea transport in International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), by air transport in ICAO Technical Instructions for The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO TI) and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR). In addition, certain national laws, on the territory of countries are respected in this regard, but these regulations must not impair the safety level established by international regulations. The guidelines set up in this field allow to undertake by the participants the necessary measures in order to prevent threats to people, the environment and property, and in the case of an accident, incident or malfunction allow to undertake measures to reduce the spread of emerging risks and actions minimizing its effects.

2

Influence of selected service operations on the effectiveness of brake system operation

Witaszek K., Stanik Z., Filipczyk J.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 4

555--560

EN

This paper attempts to clarify what impact has selected technical maintenance tasks on the effectiveness of the braking system with special emphasis on the initial break-in period of associated components. Were conducted studies involving measurements of braking forces on a rolling station and road tests Renault Thalia of car braking during which was recorded deceleration, speed, temperature of brake discs and the force of the pressure on the brake pedal. Braking process on the rolling station was assessed with a braking efficiency ratio as a criterion. However, results collected during road tests allowed studying for more accurate of running-in process of car barking system elements. This was due to taking into account the total vehicle braking force compared with the force applied to the brake pedal. The study was performed for the discs and brake pads exhibiting a different degree of wear, with particular emphasis on the running-in elements occurring immediately after replacing brake pads. In this case, there is a noticeable loss of performance brake system, which persists after initial running in mating faces of the pad and the brake disc. This phenomenon is known from workshop car service practice, but there is a need for sensitization of staff at the Pre-reaching elements of the service operations, because operation of a vehicle with a temporarily reduced efficiency of the braking system on a public road has the potential to cause threats to the safety of road users.

3

Some issues of road emission for passenger cars and light duty vehicles sector in the aspects of environmental protection

Filipczyk J.

Transport Problems

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2015

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T. 10, z. 2

117--123

EN

The article presents the results of studies and investigations concerning some aspects of exhaust emission and methods of assessment of its influence on the environment. Some issues related to the modelling of emission level and costs of environmental protection have been discussed. The results of investigations concerning vehicle durability have been presented in the context of the need to meet more restrictive emission standards.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty studiów i badań dotyczących niektórych aspektów emisji spalin oraz metod oceny ich wpływy na środowisko. Omówiono niektóre problemy związane z modelowaniem poziomu emisji oraz kosztów ochrony środowiska. Przedstawiono rezultaty badań trwałości samochodów w kontekście spełniania wymagań bardziej restrykcyjnych standardów emisji spalin.

4

Analysis of periodical technical inspection systems in automotive transport. The experiences of Poland and Russia

Filipczyk J., Makarova I., Belyaev E.

Transport Problems

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2015

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T. 10, z. 4

121--128

EN

The increasing number of road accidents nowadays seems to by a global problem. Apart from the obvious causes of accidents, such as violation of road traffic rules by drivers and pedestrians, the drunk driving, poor quality of road infrastructure, the technical faults of vehicles should also be take into account. Reasons of technical failures can be the failure of parts, components and assemblies caused by aging, poor quality or non-observance of technological norms when they are installed. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of faults by applying warning methods, one of which is obligatory periodic technical inspection. The purpose of this article is to analyze the characteristic features of the systems of technical inspections in automotive transport used in Poland and Russia. It makes it possible to identify common features and distinctive features of systems in both countries.

PL

Wzrost liczby wypadków drogowym jest obecnie ogólnoświatowym problemem. Razem z głównymi przyczynami wypadków drogowych, tj. naruszanie zasad ruchu drogowego przez kierowców i pieszych, jazdą po spożyciu alkoholu, niedostateczną jakością drogowej infrastruktury technicznej, powinno się także uwzględniać usterki samochodów, jako istotny czynnik pośredni. Przyczynami defektów technicznych samochodów mogą być uszkodzenia części i komponentów spowodowane starzeniem, złą jakością lub nieprzestrzeganiem norm technicznych podczas ich montażu. W celu zapobiegania występowania usterek możliwe jest stosowanie działań zapobiegawczych. Jednym z nich jest okresowe badanie techniczne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza specyfiki systemów kontroli stanu technicznego samochodów przyjętych w Polsce i Rosji oraz identyfikacja ich cech wspólnych oraz charakterystycznych.

5

Nowoczesne autobusy – obniżenie poziomu emisji zanieczyszczeń i hałasu na przestrzeni lat

Filipczyk J., Łazarz B.

Komunikacja Publiczna

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2015

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nr 2

17--27

PL

Poprawa stanu środowiska w centrach miast jest możliwa poprzez prowadzenie ruchu tranzytowego poza miastem, ograniczanie ruchu samochodów o wyższym stopniu emisji, a także zastępowanie transportu indywidualnego środkami transportu zbiorowego. Autobus, jako najbardziej uniwersalny środek transportu miejskiego, może w znacznej mierze zastąpić indywidualny transport osobowy w centrach miast, pod warunkiem spełnienia wymagań w zakresie ograniczenia do minimum emisji spalin i hałasu.

6

Prognozowanie zużycia paliwa na wybranej trasie przewozu

Filipczyk J.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

3566--3573

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących możliwości prognozowania czasu przejazdu, zużycia paliwa i związanych z tym kosztów przewozu na wybranym odcinku drogi. Ilość zużytego paliwa oblicza jest na podstawie danych dotyczących chwilowego zużycia paliwa w różnych stanach pracy silnika, bazy danych dotyczących infrastruktury drogowej oraz natężenia ruchu w różnych porach dnia. Baza danych dotyczących chwilowego zużycia paliwa została opracowana na podstawie pomiarów drogowych dla różnych parametrów ruchu (prędkość, przyspieszanie, hamowania, zatrzymanie) i obciążenia zależnego od masy rzeczywistej samochodu, profilu drogi i rodzaju wykonywanego manewru. Podczas badań rejestrowano dane z komputera pokładowego samochodu oraz parametry pracy silnika (prędkość obrotowa silnika, prędkość samochodu, czas wtrysku) mierzone przy użyciu systemu OBD. Na podstawie opracowanych baz danych przeprowadzono obliczenia prognozowanego zużycia paliwa dla przejazdu pomiędzy dwoma punktami dla różnych wariantów wyboru trasy i pory przejazdu. Wyniki obliczeń porównano z wynikami pomiarów. Badania wykazały, że istnieje możliwość szacowania kosztów przejazdu oraz emisji spalin dla samochodu na wybranym odcinku drogi z uwzględnieniem parametrów ruchu drogowego.

EN

The paper presents the results of research concerning possibility of forecasting travel time, fuel consumption and related costs of transport on the selected route. Amount of consumed fuel has been calculated from data of momentary fuel consumption in different operating conditions of the engine, a database of road and traffic infrastructure at different times of the day. The database of momentary fuel consumption was elaborated basing on the results of road tests for different movement parameters (speed, acceleration, deceleration, braking, stopping) and load which dependents on the real weight of vehicle, road profile and the type of manoeuvres. Data from the on-board computer of the car as well as engine parameters (engine rotation speed, vehicle speed, fuel injection time) from OBD system have been recorded. Basing on the compiled database, the calculations of forecasted fuel consumption for the journey between the two points for different variants of the route and time of the day have been made. The calculation results were compared with the results of road tests. Studies have shown that it is possible to estimate the cost of travel and the level of exhaust emissions for a car on the selected route, taking into account traffic parameters.

7

Causes of automotive turbocharger faults

Filipczyk J.

Transport Problems

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2013

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T. 8, z. 2

5--10

EN

This paper presents the results of examinations of turbocharger damages. The analysis of the causes of faults in 100 engines with turbochargers of cars, buses and trucks has been carried out. The incidence and structure of turbocharged engine faults has been compared to the causes of faults of naturally aspirated engines. The cause of damage, the possibility of early detection, the time between overhaul and the impact on engine operation for each case of fault was carried out as well. The results of examinations allowed to determine the most common causes of damages and how to prevent them.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań uszkodzeń turbosprężarek. Przeanalizowano przyczyny uszkodzeń 100 turbosprężarek silników samochodów osobowych, autobusów oraz samochodów ciężarowych. Porównano częstotliwość występowania uszkodzeń silników z turbosprężarkami z uszkodzeniami silników wolnossących. Dla poszczególnych przypadków określono przyczynę uszkodzenia, możliwość jego wczesnego wykrycia, resurs eksploatacyjny oraz wpływ na pracę silnika. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na określenie najczęstszych przyczyn uszkodzeń oraz sposobów zapobiegania im.

8

The possibilities of early fault detection of engines

Filipczyk J.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 4

79--84

EN

The results of investigation of 1,9 TDI engine (285 Nm, 85 kW, type AJM without any modification) equipped with injection units supplied conventional diesel fuel (ON) or B100 fuel (RME) have been presented in article. Investigations have been realized at the engine speed of 2000 rpm and variable load within the range of 0 to 275 Nm. The pressure, temperature and heat release velocity runs have been subjected to analysis. Particular attention has been paid to the release of the heat used for the effective work and internal energy increase of the working medium (enthalpy) during combustion inside the engine cylinder versus the crank angle for both investigated fuels. It was found among the others that mentioned fuels differ in the heat release, heat velocity and the maximal combustion temperature, which for the B100 fuel is bigger than for the conventional diesel fuel. Bigger combustion dynamics of tested biofuel (compared with standard diesel fuel) results higher concentrations of Nitrogen Oxides NOx in exhaust gases. The easiest way is of course the use of the later start of fuel injection biofuels and/or increase the exhaust gas recirculation EGR. These treatments, however, result in a worsening of the energy performance of the engine. It was concluded also that the combustion of RME works properly at higher engine loads. Then reduce the negative difference between the combustion of biofuel (RME) and standard Diesel fuel.

9

Aspects of the applications of composite materials in combustion engines

Posmyk A., Filipczyk J

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 4

357--361

EN

The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the possibilities of application of composite materials in the construction of internal combustion engines. The total mass of the engine can be reduced by allying composite materials, which have a much higher strength than hitherto applied conventional materials. Less thermal expansion allows reducing assembly clearance between the piston and cylinder. The surface topography after the process of machining of composite materials contains hollows, which act as trays for lubricant, wear products and pollution particulates. Therefore, it is possible to reduce friction, fuel consumption, level of exhaust emission and improve the durability of engine. During the investigations, the engine piston made of aluminium matrix composite has been tested. The tests were related to the influence of surface topography of the piston skirt containing Al2O3 particles on the adsorption of lubricating oil, which facilitates lubrication in small displacement test engine. Aluminium matrix composite materials have some disadvantages, too. The most important are higher finishing costs and higher wear of the other sliding element. To reduce the finishing costs of making the suitable surface, special methods for example water jet cutting, have been worked out. To reduce the wear of the other sliding element, reinforcing spherical particles without sharp edges should be applied. Covering the tribological partner-sliding surface with a composite surface layer (e.g. Cr+Al2O3) can result in a relevant reduction of its wear.

10

Brake deceleration of cars with light luggage trailers

Filipczyk J.

Transport Problems

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2012

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T. 7, z. 1

119-128

EN

This paper presents some aspects of employing measurements of deceleration for the technical analysis of the brake process of cars with light luggage trailers. The analysis of the deceleration enables to assess the technical state regarding traffic safety and it can also be used for analysing the course of traffic accidents. The measurements of deceleration enables to determine the influence of load on the brake process for different kinds of cars. This method can be employed as the only way of examining during the periodical inspections and services for some kinds of trailers.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono niektóre aspekty wykorzystania pomiaru opóźnienia hamownia do analizy procesu hamowania samochodu osobowego z lekką przyczepą bagażową. Analiza przebiegu opóźnienia hamowania umożliwia ocenę stanu technicznego w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym oraz może być wykorzystywana w analizie przyczyn kolizji drogowych. Pomiar opóźnienia hamowania umożliwia określenie wpływu ładunku na przebieg procesu hamownia dla różnych typów pojazdów. W przypadku niektórych typów przyczep jest jedyną metodą, którą można zastosować zarówno podczas obsługi pojazdu, jak i okresowego badania technicznego.

11

Piston damages - case studies and possibilities of early detection

Filipczyk J., Stanik Z.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 4

179-184

EN

Damages of car engine pistons are one of the most expensive failures regarding final consequences and possibilities of engine repair. There have been many research works carried out so far regarding the materials, manufacturing techniques, geometrical shapes and reliability of engine pistons. Notwithstanding all these studies, there is a huge number of piston damage cases. This work is concerned with causes of piston damages and possibilities of early detections. Damaged piston of petrol and diesel engines in passenger and light duty cars have been analyzed. A compendium of case studies of damaged piston causes has been presented. The analysis of different types of damage mechanisms such as thermal and mechanical fatigue, seizure due to insufficient clearances, poor lubrication, overheating and damages due to abnormal combustion have been presented in this work. Faults of electronic control system, engine management malfunction, ignition-timing faults were recognized as the most frequent initial causes of piston damages. Possibilities of early diagnostics of particular causes of damages have been elaborated and presented in the context of total costs of repairs.

12

Faults of buses and coaches in the aspects of securing safety in road traffic

Filipczyk J.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 3

111-116

EN

The safety of buses in road traffic is very important because of potential hazards of peoples' life and health, damage and loss of freight and high costs of crash effects. The technical state of all vehicles has been examined during required periodical inspections, but in spite of this, the technical conditions of large number of vehicles have been poor. The range of inspections and their frequency have been determined according to the law of each country. The methodology and frequency has been determined in accordance with domestic legislation. The methodology of technical inspections concerns only some important systems of vehicles but not all. For example, anti-lock systems, retarders, adaptive cruise control systems, speed limitation devices etc. have not been examined. The results of examinations of 120 buses and coaches have been presented in this paper. Tests were carried out in scope of securing safety in road traffic. The methodology of compulsory periodical inspections was applied during initial tests. Vehicles were examined on typical control stands and in road tests. A special methodology for road tests for coaches with anti-lock systems was elaborated. Additional checks were carried out in cases when the results of basic tests were unsatisfactory. More than 50 vehicles of the total number of examined buses were faulty.

13

Faults of duty vehicles in the aspects of securing safety

Filipczyk J.

Transport Problems

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2011

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T. 6, z. 1

105-110

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań 500 samochodów użytkowych w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa użytkowania w ruchu drogowym. W badaniach wstępnych wykorzystano metodykę obowiązkowych okresowych badań kontrolnych. Badania prowadzono na stanowiskach kontrolnych oraz podczas prób drogowych. Dla samochodów wyposażonych w układy ABS pracowano specjalną metodykę badania. W przypadku stwierdzenia nieodpowiedniego stanu technicznego przeprowadzono dodatkowe badania w celu określenia przyczyn niesprawności. Ponad 280 pojazdów z grupy którą poddano kontroli było niesprawne.

EN

This paper presents the results of examinations of 500 duty vehicles. Tests were carried out in scope of securing safety in road traffic. The methodology of compulsory periodical inspections was applied during initial tests. Vehicles were examined on typical control stands and in road tests. A special methodology for road tests for heavy duty vehicles with anti-lock systems was elaborated. Additional checks were carried out in cases when the results of basic tests were dissatisfying. Above 280 vehicles of the total number of examined vehicles were faulty.

14

The relation between the technical state and the exhaust gasses emission for a group of particular vehicle age

Filipczyk J., Kutrzyk-Nykiel A.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 4

105-111

EN

The article presents the results of investigations concerning the relations between the technical state of cars and the exhaust gasses emission for different groups of vehicles. First, the measurements of the test group of4000 different vehicles have been made. Those measurements have been elaborated in order to define typical damages of vehicles. The percentage of faulty vehicles and the type of faults was estimated. The damages of vehicles have been carried out using typical diagnostic methods, electrical value measurements and exhaust gasses analysis. Those measurements also provided information about the number of vehicles with high level of gas emission. The results of investigations were compared to the requirements of each model of a given year. Next, the measurements of the test group of 1000 vehicles have been made in accordance with ECE Regulations and the methodology of periodical car inspection. Those measurements also gave information about the level of emission from each vehicle. The results of investigations were compared to the requirements of each model of a given year and the percentage of high polluting vehicles has been presented. The vehicles have been divided into different exhaust emission legislation classes. Next, the relation between the number of faulty vehicles and the level of exhaust emission for the first and the second group of vehicles has been elaborated and presented. The results of investigations and analysis show the number of faulty vehicles and its influence on the level of emission.

15

Wpływ ukształtowania terenu na poziom hałasu komunikacyjnego w pobliżu autostrady A4 na odcinku Katowice - Ruda Śląska

Kutrzyk-Nykiel A., Filipczyk J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2010

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z. 68

91-100

PL

W artykule zostały przedstawione wyniki pomiarów poziomu hałasu, przeprowadzone na autostradzie A4, na odcinku Katowice - Ruda Śląska. Pomiary przeprowadzono w trzech punktach pomiarowych, które został wybrane ze względu na ukształtowanie terenu. W każdym punkcie pomiarowym pomiary wykonano po obu stronach drogi, w różnych odległościach od krawędzi jezdni. Uzyskane wyniki zostały przeanalizowane w zależności od ukształtowania terenu, odległości od drogi oraz liczby i rodzaju pojazdów.

EN

The following paper presents the results of the measurements of the traffic noise near motorway between Katowice and Ruda Śląska. The measurements have been made in three different measuring points. In each point, the measurements have been made in different distances from the road. The results were analised depending on the landform features, the distance from road, the number of vehicles and the type of vehicles.

16

Wpływ ograniczenia ruchu tranzytowego w mieście na poziom hałasu komunikacyjnego

Filipczyk J., Kutrzyk-Nykiel A., Wieszała R.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2010

|

z. 69

29-34

PL

W artykule zostały przedstawione wyniki badań poziomu hałasu komunikacyjnego, przeprowadzonych na drodze lokalnej przed oraz po otwarciu odcinka autostrady A4. Odcinek pomiarowy został wybrany na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy natężenia ruchu pojazdów. Przed otwarciem odcinka autostrady pomiędzy węzłem Batory w Chorzowie a węzłem Sośnica w Gliwicach, stanowiącego obwodnicę dla południowych dzielnic miasta Ruda Śląska, droga lokalna, dla której przeprowadzono pomiary, była główną arterią dla ruchu tranzytowego wschód - zachód.

EN

The following paper presents the results of the measurements of the traffic noise near local road before and after, the next part of motorway has been opened. The section of motorway has been chosen taking into consideration the analysis of number of vehicles. Before the next part of motorway, between the Batory interchange in Chorzów and the Sośnica interchange in Gliwice, was opened, the local road had been the main transit road from east to west.

17

The inspections of cars in the scope of traffic safety and environmental protection - the present situation and the prospects of development

Filipczyk J.

Transport Problems

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2010

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T. 5, z. 4

115-122

EN

This paper presents study results of the possibilities of car inspections development. The studies have been conducted for ten years. The applied methodology is compared to possibilities of examination methods which are facilitated in each type of modern examination equipment. The structure of car faults, which was detected during periodical inspections, have been compared to the structure of the faults which was detected by applying the examination methods with are not used by common inspection methodology.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 10 lat badań dotyczących rozwoju możliwości w zakresie badań technicznych pojazdów. Porównano stosowaną metodykę z możliwościami jakie stwarzają poszczególne typy urządzeń pomiarowych. Porównano strukturę uszkodzeń pojazdów jakie wykryto podczas badań technicznych ze strukturą uszkodzeń jakie wykryto przy pomocy metodologii nie stosowanej w badaniach kontrolnych.

18

The influence of the type of road, the type of vehicle and the age structure on the road transport emission

Kutrzyk A., Filipczyk J.

Transport Problems

|

2010

|

T. 5, z. 1

55-62

EN

The total emission level is heavily dependent on the number of vehicles. Additionally, the type of vehicles and their age structures are very important. The structure of vehicles also depends on the type of the road. The article presents the results of calculations of the pollutants emission from the road transport. Total emission was calculated with combination of the investigation results i.e. the type of vehicles and their age structures for different types of roads. The investigations have been made for different classes of roads with different types of vehicles. The traffic line has been recorded in the same length of time. On the basis of analysis of the recorded traffic line, the number and the type of vehicles have been estimated. The classification of vehicles have been made according to the level of emission i.e. passenger cars, light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, busses and others, taking into consideration the age structures of vehicles. The level of total traffic emission has been calculated on the basis of results. There has been used the Copert programme methodology. The results of the calculations have been made with combination of the type of road, the speed of vehicles, the type of vehicles and their age structure, are presented.

PL

Poziom emisji zanieczyszczeń zależy przede wszystkim od liczby pojazdów poruszających się po drodze. Dodatkowo istotne są struktury rodzajowa oraz wiekowa pojazdów. Struktura pojazdów zależy natomiast w dużym stopniu od rodzaju drogi. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń poziomu emisji wybranych składników spalin emitowanych w ruchu drogowym. Obliczenia zostały przeprowadzone z uwzględnieniem wyników badań struktur rodzajowej i wiekowej pojazdów dla różnych typów dróg. Badania strumienia pojazdów wykonano na drogach różnej kategorii, przy różnej strukturze pojazdów. Rejestrowano strumień pojazdów w określonych odcinkach czasowych. Na podstawie analizy obrazu zarejestrowanego strumienia określono liczbę i rodzaj pojazdów. Pojazdy podzielono na kategorie według poziomu emisji, tj. samochody osobowe, samochody dostawcze, ciężarowe, autobusy i inne, uwzględniając strukturę wiekową. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników oszacowano poziom emisji szkodliwych składników spalin. Obliczenia zostały wykonane za pomocą metodyki przyjętej w programie Copert. Przedstawiono wyniki szacunkowego poziomu emisji spalin w zależności rodzaju drogi, prędkości jazdy, struktur wiekowej i rodzajowej pojazdów.

19

The impact of selected factors on increasing level of exhaust emission from vehicles

Filipczyk J., Kutrzyk-Nykiel A.

Transport Problems

|

2010

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T. 5, z. 3

115-122

EN

The article presents the results of the investigations of the influence of different factors on the traffic exhaust emission. The measurements of the test group of 300 different vehicles have been made. Those measurements provided information about the level of emission from each vehicle. Additionally, the investigations provided information about factors such as mileage, model year etc. of vehicles. Next, the percentage of fault vehicles and the type of faults were estimated. The relation between exhaust emission, vehicle age and mileage of vehicles have been made. The simulation of the traffic emission from vehicles was made, taking into consideration the fact that the vehicles are all in good technical conditions and for the case of real technical conditions of vehicles. This investigation has shown that the technical conditions of the vehicles have an important influence on the estimated emission level. Additionally, it has been shown how the exhaust emission depends on the age structure and the mileage of vehicles.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań wpływu wybranych czynników na wzrost poziomu emisji toksycznych składników spalin. Przeprowadzono badania stanu technicznego pojazdów z uwzględnieniem poziomu emisji poszczególnych składników spalin dla grupy 300 pojazdów. Dodatkowo uwzględniony został przebieg oraz wiek badanych pojazdów. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań uzyskano informacje dotyczące liczby pojazdów, które przekraczają dopuszczalny poziom emisji. Wykonano charakterystyki przedstawiające zależności pomiędzy emisją poszczególnych składników spalin a wiekiem pojazdów oraz przebiegiem. Dodatkowo, przeprowadzono badania symulacyjne wpływu stanu technicznego pojazdu na obliczany poziom emisji gazów spalinowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonej symulacji pokazują, iż stan techniczny pojazdów wpływa na szacowany poziom emisji spalin. Rezultaty przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że uwzględnienie stanu technicznego pojazdów może mieć znaczący wpływ na szacowany poziom emisji w ruchu drogowym.

20

The study on the effects of different opening ranges of waste-gate on improving the work parameters of spark ignition engine

Filipczyk J.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 3

93-98

EN

The experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of different opening ranges of waste gate of a turbocharged medium displacement spark ignition engine on improving work parameters such as exhaust emission, torque characteristics and fuel consumption. The object of the experimental tests was an engine with modified intake and exhaust manifolds. The intake and exhaust manifold modification included only implementation of turbocharger with the variable geometry turbine. The values of boost pressure were controlled by the system with waste gate valves with a changeable characteristic and a control valve. Work parameters of waste-gate valves have been selected experimentally. Boost pressure had to be reduced to 1.3 and to 1.5 bar in the range of medium values of throttle opening. The system with waste-gate allowed to increase significantly the torque value at low engine speed range as well as to reduce the boost pressure at high engine speed range for throttle opening values above 50%. In total range engine work, emission of particular exhaust gas components did not exceed the values of the emission suitable for normally aspirated engine. It provided the stable engine 's running in all conditions including variable engine speed and in the whole range of throttle opening angle with restricted fuel consumption. The application of changeable characteristics in the waste gate valve which reduces the charging pressure by controlling characteristics variable of the valve depending on the engine work parameters was controlled by electronic system. The controlled system allows improving parameters of engine performance in wide range of engine's rotation speed.