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Badania fitoremediacji gleby zanieczyszczonej węglowodorami ropopochodnymi z zastosowaniem Glechoma hederacea

Wojtowicz Katarzyna, Jakubowicz Piotr

Nafta-Gaz

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2024

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R. 80, nr 6

352--360

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z fitoremediacją gleb zanieczyszczonych węglowodorami ropopochodnymi za pomocą Glechoma hederacea (bluszczyk kurdybanek) jako fitoremedianta. Materiał badawczy stanowiła gleba pobrana z terenu dołu urobkowego charakteryzująca się podwyższonym stężeniem TPH (całkowita zawartość węglowodorów) – 3789,12 mg/kg s.m. oraz WWA (wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne) – 7,53 mg/kg s.m. Badania fitoremediacji prowadzono w trzech układach: układ 1 – gleba wyjściowa GW + Glechoma hederacea, układ 2 – gleba wyjściowa GW + Glechoma hederacea + + bioaugmentacja biopreparatem (specjalistyczne konsorcjum mikrobiologiczne), układ 3 – gleba wyjściowa GW + Glechoma hederacea + + bioaugmentacja biopreparatem z dodatkiem γ-PGA (kwas γ-poliglutaminowy) przez sześć miesięcy w warunkach atmosferycznych. Dodatkowo zbadano skuteczność samooczyszczania gleby. Oceny efektywności stosowanych zabiegów fitoremediacyjnych dokonano na podstawie analiz chromatograficznych oraz toksykologicznych. Rezultaty badawcze wykazały, że zastosowanie metod kombinowanych (fitoremediacja wspomagana bioaugmentacją – układy 2 i 3) pozwalało na zwiększenie skuteczności procesu oczyszczania gleb zanieczyszczonych węglowodorami ropopochodnymi. Przeprowadzone analizy chromatograficzne wykazały, że stopień biodegradacji TPH po zakończeniu testu w układzie 1 wynosił 35,52%, natomiast WWA – 27,66%. Wspomaganie procesu fitoremediacji z wykorzystaniem Glechoma hederacea inokulacją biopreparatem (układ 2) wpłynęło na wzrost efektywności biodegradacji TPH (65,48%) i WWA (62,93%). Ponadto inokulacja gleby biopreparatem z dodatkiem γ-PGA (układ 3) spowodowała obniżenie zawartości TPH w badanej glebie o 74,90% oraz WWA o 73,85%. Skuteczność zabiegów fitoremediacji z zastosowaniem Glechoma hederacea uzupełniono o monitoring toksykologiczny z użyciem trzech testów toksykologicznych: Phytotoxkit™, Ostracodtoxkit F™ oraz Microtox®STP.

EN

The article presents issues related to the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons using Glechoma hederacea as a phytoremediation plant. The research material consisted of soil taken from a drill waste pit, characterized by an elevated TPH (total hydrocarbon content) concentration of 3789.12 mg/kg d. m. and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) 7.53 mg/kg d.m. Phytoremediation studies were carried out in three research systems: system 1 – initial soil GW + Glechoma hederacea, system 2 – initial soil GW + Glechoma hederacea + bioaugmentation with a biopreparation (a specialized microbial consortium), system 3 – initial soil GW + Glechoma hederacea + biopreparation with the addition of ƴ-PGA (ƴ-polyglutamic acid) for six months under atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the effectiveness of soil self-cleaning was tested. The effectiveness of the phytoremediation treatments used was assessed based on chromatographic and toxicological analyses. The research results proved that the use of combined methods (phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation – systems 2 and 3) allows to increase the effectiveness of the treatment process of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The chromatographic analyses performed showed that the degree of biodegradation of TPH after the test in system 1 was 35.52%, and that of PAHs was 27.66%. Supporting the phytoremediation process using Glechoma hederacea and inoculation with a biopreparation (system 2) increased the efficiency of biodegradation of TPH (65.48%) and PAHs (62.93%). Moreover, inoculation of soil with a biopreparation with addition of γ-PGA (system 3) resulted in reduction of TPH content in the tested soil by 74.90% and PAH content by 73.85%. The effectiveness of the applied phytoremediation treatments using Glechoma hederacea was supplemented with toxicological monitoring using three toxicological tests: PhytotoxkitTM, Ostracodtoxkit FTM and Microtox®STP.

2

Phytoremediation in aquaculture in Poland as an element supporting the improvement of surface water quality

Gałczyńska Małgorzata, Wróbel Jacek, Korzelecka-Orkisz Agata, Tański Adam, Formicki Krzysztof

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 63

228--240

EN

Low and poor-quality water resources in Poland require rational and responsible use of them also in aquaculture. In recent years, there has been an increase in fish consumption, but also a change in consumer preferences. The development of innovative aquaculture methods leads to a reduction in water consumption, even by 20%, as is the case with recirculation aquaculture systems with salmonid fish production. In turn, sewage sludge generated in the purification process should be directed to the third stage of their purification, i.e. a hydrophyte lagoon. High requirements for the discharge of post-production water into aquatic ecosystems call for even more restrictive water management at every stage of fish production. The use of phytoremediation based on knowledge about the adaptation of aquatic and wetland plants to development in artificial aquatic ecosystems is an important element supporting the improvement of surface water quality. Thanks to the processes of rhizofiltration, phytoextraction and phytodegradation, hydrophytes effectively participate in reducing the concentration of nutrients and additionally metal ions. In turn, in fish farms focused on intensive carp production, part of the water drained from ponds in autumn can be subjected to phytoremediation in channels with an ecotone zone, thus improving the quality of these ecosystems. The key here is the selection of plants for the proposed solutions using phytoremediation and guaranteeing the effectiveness of this technology.

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Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Free Floating Constructed Wetlands Assisted by Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes

Sayanthan S., Hasan Hassimi Abu, Buhari Junaidah, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 8

237--252

EN

Floating phytoremediation offers a feasible, ecofriendly, and economically viable method for treating wastewater. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes in treating domestic wastewater with varying initial strength at different hydraulic retention time (HRT). This was to find out a best treatment combination of macrophyte, wastewater strength and HRT by optimizing those parameters. The growth parameters of the plants were assessed and linked to the removal of contaminants. The wastewater phytoremediation by E. crassipes and P. stratiotes conducted for twenty-two days in a green house. Result showed that Eichhornia crassipes able to treat 50% strength of wastewater (50 WH) efficiently with removal of ammonia by 97.4%, phosphate by 68.5%, and COD by 54.0%, respectively, at the HRT of three days. The corresponding initial concentrations of ammonia, phosphate, and COD were likely to be 6.62 mg/L, 2.54 mg/L, and 37 mg/L, respectively. The 50WH experimental units showed the lowest relative growth rate (RGR). The results proved the higher efficiency of E. crassipes in treating the domestic wastewater.

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Effectiveness of Endophytes Bacteria in Enhancing Floating Treatment Wetland to Treat Textile Wastewater

Fajri Joni Aldilla, Nurmiyanto Awaluddin, Sa'adah Nurun Nailis, Nuryana Isa, Anfaresi Shofi Latifah Nuha, Lathifah Annisa Nur

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

12--24

EN

This research investigated the association of consortium endophyte bacteria from different hosts to enhance the performance of Vetiveria zizanioides in treating textile wastewater using Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs). The endophyte bacteria were isolated from the roots of three natural plants (Oryza sativa, Colocasia esculenta, and Alternanthera philoxeroides) contaminated by textile wastewater. The selected isolated endophyte bacteria were subjected to the four FTWs reactors containing the Vetiveria sp. and ran for 30 days in a semi-batch system to evaluate their performance. FTWs reactors-augmented endophyte bacteria could reduce the COD, color, and heavy metals in textile wastewater. The highest removal efficiencies of COD (74%) and color (91%) were observed in FK2 (vegetated control) and F4 reactor, respectively. The addition of endophyte bacteria increased the heavy metal reductions of Pb (52%) and Cd (33%) in reactors of F3 and F4, respectively. This study exhibited that the consortium endophyte bacteria isolated from the contaminated plants could improve the FTWs reactor performance. Finally, they reduce the plant stresses in the contaminated wastewater by increasing the plant biomass in roots and shoots. These findings reveal that the consortium of natural endophyte bacteria from different hosts does not inhibit their function and association with the other host plant, but they contribute positive responses to the plant growth and pollutant degradation.

5

The Sulfur Dioxide Absorption Capacity of Plants Tecoma Stans and its Effect on Antioxidants

Al-Jaba Sura Razzaq Manhee, Al-Janabi Ameera O. Hussain

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 9

268--276

EN

The current study used to prove the efficiency of Tecoma stans to sulfur dioxide gas (SO2 )was at a concentration of 10 mg·m-3 which is equal to 3.82 ppm for the period from summer exposure (May – June 2023) to reduce SO2 thus reduce some gaseous pollutants that cause global warming and some air pollutants and know the effect of seasonal conditions to mitigate these pollutants. The physiological changes of the three replicates of study plant were observed through equal time periods daily for a period of seven days covered with polyethylene under controlled conditions represented by a greenhouse. The process was repeated three times between the three exposures provide rest periods for the plant for a week. During summer exposure, it was found that the concentration of flavonoids was significantly increased as compare to control (5.222 ± 0.27 mg/100 ml of extract) from 6.58 ± 0.43 to 6.24 ± 0.31 mg/100 ml of extract, but this concentration was increased after the third exposure into to 6.99 ± 0.29 mg/100 ml of extract. There was decrease in Tannins concentration after the second exposure (with concentration 1.5 ± 0.05 to 0.72 ± 0.01 µl/ml)), but this concentration was returned increased significantly to 1.36 ± 0.01 µl/ml) after the third exposure to SO2 . Also in The enzyme activities for peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) demonstrated varied responses to SO2 exposure, and T. stans showing distinct patterns of enzyme activation. The effect of POD and CAT increased in plants which exposure into SO2 , whereas CAT play important role in inhibition of ROS.

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Phytoremediation of Soils by Cultivation Miscanthus x Giganteus L. and Phalaris arundinacea L.

Romantschuk Ludmila, Matviichuk Nataliia, Mozharivska Inna, Matviichuk Bogdan, Ustymenko Volodymyr, Tryboi Oleksandra

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 6

137--147

EN

Restoring soil fertility and protecting it from pollution are complex scientific tasks of our time that require a set of physical, chemical and biological measures. An important theoretical and applied aspect is the development of new remediation methods to reduce soil degradation processes under the influence of chemical pollution. The publication analyzes the ecological features of the energy crops Miscanthus giganteus L. and Phalaris arundinacea L. as phytoremediation agents of soils contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and oil products. The content of toxicants in contaminated soils as a result of energy crops cultivation has significantly decreased, in particular, the content of mobile forms and the mass fraction of heavy metals. The greatest decrease was observed in the content of mobile forms of chromium: in the area contaminated with petroleum products by 0.55 mg/kg when growing reeds and by 1.06 mg/kg when growing miscanthus, and in the area contaminated with pesticides by 3.65 and 5.25 mg/kg, respectively. The gross stibium content decreased in the area contaminated with oil products by 60 mg/kg when growing reeds and by 69.61 mg/kg of soil when growing miscanthus, and by 65.68 and 78.35 mg/kg in the area contaminated with pesticides. The concentration of cadmium in the studied plots where energy crops were grown decreased in the range of 0.131–0.193 mg/kg when growing Phalaris arundinacea L. and by 0.187–0.312 mg/kg when growing Miscanthus giganteus L., respectively. The content of organic pollutants was also significantly reduced.

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Zielone ściany i dachy - nowatorskie rozwiązania dla zrównoważonego budownictwa

Brągoszewska Ewa, Matusik Remigiusz, Nowak Natalia

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2024

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T. 55, nr 5

34--36

PL

Zazielenianie elewacji i dachów budynków stanowi efektywną strategię odpowiadającą na potrzeby zmniejszenia zużycia energii i poprawy jakości życia mieszkańców. Roślinne pokrycie ścian i dachów przyczynia się nie tylko do wzrostu izolacyjności budynków, szczególnie tych pozbawionych termomodernizacji, lecz także do zwiększenia obszarów o aktywności biologicznej w miastach. W efekcie wspiera to retencję wód opadowych i ogranicza efekt miejskiej wyspy ciepła (UHI, Urban Heat Island). W kontekście zrównoważonego budownictwa istotne jest, że najważniejsze systemy certyfikacji, takie jak LEED i BREEAM, uwzględniają ocenę energochłonności budynków, podkreślając tym samym znaczenie zielonych technologii w sektorze budowlanym.

EN

Greening building facades and roofs represents an effective strategy in response to the need for energy consumption reduction and improvement of residents’ quality of life. Plant coverage on walls and roofs not only contributes to increased building insulation, especially for those without thermal modernization, but also to the expansion of areas with biological activity in cities. As a result, this supports the retention of rainwater and reduces the urban heat island effect (UHI, Urban Heat Island). In the context of sustainable construction, it is significant that leading certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM include assessments of building energy efficiency, emphasizing the importance of green technologies in the construction sector.

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Wpływ zielonej infrastruktury na jakość powietrza w środowisku zbudowanym

Rawski Kamil L.

Builder

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2024

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R.28, nr 1

32--35

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza aspektów związanych z planowaniem zielonej infrastruktury w miastach. Pod uwagę wzięto w szczególności takie kryteria, których uwzględnienie ma przyczynić się do poprawy jakości powietrza poprzez usuwanie różnego typu zanieczyszczeń. Praca obejmuje przegląd wyników badań na temat wykorzystania roślin do oczyszczania powietrza na różnych płaszczyznach: poprzez usuwanie szkodliwych związków chemicznych, wychwytywanie cząstek pyłów zawieszonych oraz wpływ na cyrkulację powietrza. Na podstawie zebranych danych opracowano zestaw wytycznych, które docelowo mogą posłużyć jako narzędzie do bardziej efektywnego planowania zieleni miejskiej. Całość została zwieńczona spisem przykładowych roślin, które mogą być wykorzystane do przygotowania optymalnego doboru gatunkowego w zależności lokalizacji projektu.

EN

The subject of this article is the analysis of aspects related to the planning of green infrastructure in cities. In particular, author have taken into account such criteria, that are expected to contribute to the improvement of air quality through the removal of various types of pollutants. The paper includes a review of research results on the use of plants for air treatment at different levels: through the removal of harmful chemical compounds, the capture of particulate matter and the effect on air circulation. On the basis of the collected data, a set of guidelines was developed, which can ultimately serve as a tool for more effective urban greenery planning. Author also propose the list of exemplary plants that can be used to prepare an optimal species selection depending on the project location.

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Zastosowanie Lotus corniculatus w badaniach biodegradacji TPH i WWA wspomaganej fitoremediacją

Wojtowicz Katarzyna, Steliga Teresa

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 7

443--454

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z etapową bioremediacją gleby zanieczyszczonej substancjami ropopochodnymi. Badania procesu bioremediacji gleby G6 wykonywano w dwóch etapach. W etapie I przeprowadzono biodegradację zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych na drodze inokulacji biopreparatem B1, opracowanym na bazie niepatogennych mikroorganizmów autochtonicznych. Badania prowadzono metodą pryzmowania ex situ przez okres 3 miesięcy w ściśle kontrolowanych warunkach temperaturowych. W II etapie badań wstępnie oczyszczoną glebę poddano procesowi biodegradacji (inokulacja biopreparatem B2) wspomaganej fitoremediacją w warunkach ex situ (metoda wazonowa) przez okres 6 miesięcy. W badaniach fitoremediacji wykorzystano komonicę zwyczajną (Lotus corniculatus), należącą do grupy naftofitów. Eksperymenty prowadzono w trzech układach: układ 1 – gleba G6-3 + komonica zwyczajna, układ 2 – gleba G6-3 + biopreparat B2 + komonica zwyczajna, układ 3 – gleba G6-3 + biopreparat B2 z dodatkiem γ-PGA (kwas γ-poliglutaminowy) + komonica zwyczajna. Oceny efektywności I i II etapu bioremediacji dokonano na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz chromatograficznych i testów toksykologicznych. Zrealizowane badania wykazały, że efektywność I etapu bioremediacji gleby G6 wynosiła 41,67% dla TPH (całkowita zawartość węglowodorów) i 34,73% dla WWA (wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne). Największą efektywność II etapu bioremediacji odnotowano w układzie 3, natomiast najniższą – w układzie 1. W wyniku II etapu bioremediacji wspomaganego fitoremediacją za pomocą komonicy zwyczajnej po 6 miesiącach badań osiągnięto spadek stężenia TPH w badanych układach o: 13,32% (układ 1), 39,65% (układ 2) oraz 51,79% (układ 3), natomiast efektywność II etapu biodegradacji WWA wynosiła 8,00% w glebie G6-3(1), 37,10% w glebie G6-3(2) oraz 51,34% w glebie G6-3(3). Wykonane testy toksykologiczne z zastosowaniem Phytotoxkit™, Ostracodtoxkit F™ oraz Microtox®SPT wykazały spadek właściwości toksycznych gleby po przeprowadzeniu procesu oczyszczania. Uzyskane wyniki analiz chromatograficznych i toksykologicznych wykazały, że wykorzystanie fitoremediacji w II etapie remediacji pozwala na zwiększenie efektywności procesu biodegradacji TPH i WWA.

EN

: The article presents issues related to the staged bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum substances. The study of the G6 soil bioremediation process was conducted in two stages. In stage I, the biodegradation of petroleum-derived pollutants was carried out by inoculation with biopreparation B1, developed on the basis of non-pathogenic autochthonous microorganisms. The tests were performed using the ex-situ piling method, for a period of 3 months, under strictly controlled temperature conditions. In the second stage of the research, the pre-cleaned soil was subjected to biodegradation (inoculation with biopreparation B2), assisted by phytoremediation, in ex-situ conditions (pot method), for a period of 6 months. In phytoremediation studies, bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) belonging to the group of naphthophytes was used. The experiments were carried out in three systems: system 1 – soil G6-3 + trefoil, system 2 – soil G6-3 + biopreparation B2 + trefoil, system 3 – soil G6-3 + biopreparation B2 with the addition of γ-PGA (γ-polyglutamic acid) + trefoil. The effectiveness of the first and second stages of bioremediation was assessed on the basis of chromatographic analyses and toxicological tests. The conducted research showed that the efficiency of the first stage of G6 soil bioremediation was 41.67% for TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) and 34.73% for PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The highest efficiency of the 2nd stage of bioremediation was noted in system 3, and the lowest in system 1. As a result of the 2nd stage of bioremediation, supported by phytoremediation with bird's-foot trefoil, after 6 months of research, the concentration of TPH in the tested systems decreased by: 13.32% (system 1), 39.65% (arrangement 2) and 51.79% (arrangement 3), while the efficiency of the second stage of PAH biodegradation was 8.00% in soil G6-3(1), 37.10% in soil G6-3(2) and 51.34% in G6-3(3) soil. The conducted toxicological tests applying PhytotoxkitTM Ostracodtoxkit FTM and Microtox®SPT showed a decrease in the toxic properties of soil after the cleaning process. The obtained results of chromatographic and toxicological analyses showed that the use of phytoremediation in the second stage of remediation allows us to increase the efficiency of the biodegradation of TPH and PAHs.

10

Removal of Cadmium (II) by Adsorption Using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Dried Biomass

Rosidah, Rahayu Sata Yoshida Sri, Susanti Evi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

246--253

EN

Using water hyacinth as a phytoremediation agent produces abundant biomass due to periodic harvesting in the system. One of the alternative uses of water hyacinth biomass can be a bio-sorbent to absorb metal contamination in the waters. This study aims to determine the quality of activated water hyacinth bio-sorbent, potentially reducing metal cadmium (Cd). The research was conducted from January to April 2022. The results showed that the parameters of water content, iodine absorption, and methylene blue in water hyacinth bio-sorbent had met the quality standard of activated carbon based on SNI No. 06-3730-1995. In contrast, the ash content still did not. In water, hyacinth stem bio-sorbents (stems + ZnCl2 and stems 300 °C + ZnCl2) obtained higher ash content (25.87 and 73.30%) than the ash content of water hyacinth root and leaf bio-sorbent with the same activation treatment. The optimum adsorption capacity (Qe) for the roots + ZnCl2 occurred at a contact time of 45 minutes which was 8.13 mg/g with an absorption efficiency (Ef) of 34.20%. For the root 300 °C + ZnCl2, the optimum adsorption capacity and absorption efficiency occurred at a contact time of 8 hours, namely 9.08 mg/g and 38.66%, respectively. The optimum adsorption capacity and absorption efficiency of the leaves + ZnCl2 occurred at a contact time of 4 hours, namely 7.63 mg/g and 32.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, at the leaves 300 °C + ZnCl2, the optimum adsorption capacity and absorption efficiency occurred at a contact time of 8 hours with a value of Qe = 11.84 mg/g and Ef = 49.35%.

11

Recent Progress of Phytoremediation-Based Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Yuliasni Rustiana, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Marlena Bekti, Hidayat Mohamad Rusdi, Kadier Abudukeremu, Ma Peng Cheng, Imron Muhammad Fauzul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

208--220

EN

Phytoremediation is considered of a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology and has been used successfully for the remediation of soils and water contaminated with various pollutants. Specifically for full scale application to treat industrial wastewater, phytoremediation is used as sole technology for different types of wetlands. However, phytoremediation of polluted water in wetland type reactor has been mostly studied as black box. The method to measure the performance is only based on pollutant removal efficiency and there is very limited information available about of the pollutant removal mechanisms and process dynamics in these systems. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to briefly review basic processes of phytoremediation, its mechanisms and parameters, and its interaction between rhizo-remediation and microbe-plant. In addition, this chapter also elaborated phytoremediation challenges and strategies for full-scale application, its techniques to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants by aquatic plants in water, and some examples of applications in industries.

12

Potential of Neptunia oleracea L. as a Phytoremediation Agent for Petroleum Liquid Waste

Hardestyariki Dwi, Fitria Syarifa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

88--94

EN

This present study to determine the potential of Neptunia oleracea as a phytoremediation agent for petroleum liquid waste in terms of various parameters such as physical temperature, and chemical parameters, namely pH, sulfide, and ammonia. Crude oil liquid waste is a hazardous waste if discharged directly into the environment, especially water. In this research, a method of biological treatment of petroleum liquid waste was used by utilizing aquatic plants, namely Neptunia oleracea. Phytoremediation is a way to treat waste that still contains contaminants thus levels can be minimized and even accumulated by various types of plants. This phytoremediation technique uses a simple bioreactor with various concentrations of petroleum liquid waste, namely control (0% waste), 10% waste, 20% waste, and 30% waste. The results of this study can be seen that the Neptunia oleracea plant is able to survive in petroleum liquid waste with a treatment time of approximately 3 weeks. In testing the levels of ammonia and sulfide after treatment showed fluctuating results from week to week. This is a response from Neptunia oleracea which uses these compounds in its metabolic processes. The ability of Neptunia oleracea to reduce sulfide and ammonia levels indicates that this plant can be used as a phytoremediation agent for petroleum liquid waste.

13

Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Treatment by Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus through Constructed Wetlands

Sial Taufique Ahmed, Teewno Abdul Majid, Memon Sheeraz Ahmed, Mahar Rasool Bux, Korai M. Safar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

303--314

EN

A sustainable performance evaluation of pilot-scale was carried through horizontal sub-surface Constructed Wetlands system for treating the leachate from constructed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill at Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro. The CWs were planted with Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus with sand and gravel. The leachate had been treated with two different cycles, first cycle was performed in the winter season whereas second cycle in summer, to differentiate the performance with seasonal variation. Chemical parameters of leachate pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids TSS, Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), Total Phosphate PO43- (TP) and heavy metals, Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) were tested with intervals of certain weeks. The tests result showed that all parameters experienced a considerable reduction in their concentrations. Significant reduction efficiencies were recorded for parameters, BOD with 53–82%, COD with 32–46%, TSS with 59–75%, NH3-N with 90–92%, NO3-N with 85–87%, and TP with 48–64%, and heavy metals Pb and Cu with 28–48% respectively in four weeks of the first cycle by all three plants. Whereas, in the second cycle, the removal efficiencies of BOD 78–93%, COD 63–76%, TSS 52–83%, NH3-N 90–91% and NO3-N 91–92% and heavy metals Pb and Cu with 21–58% respectively in five weeks were observed by all three plants. Along with the experimentation, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals UN SDGs are also highlighted. This study helps achieving tremendous SDGs accompanying treatment of leachate.

14

Improving Wastewater Quality System Using the Internet of Things-Based Phytoremediation Method

Noerhayati Eko, Suprapto Bambang, Rahmawati Anita, Mustika Soraya Norma

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

254--262

EN

Water is an important part of all living things, including humans, animals, and plants, but concern for clean water is decreasing due to numerous human activities, which cause pollution. Water pollution is characterized by changes in physical, chemical and biological contents due to the wastes generated from the actions of living things, such as water irrigation. Therefore, this research aimed to overcome irrigation wastewater pollution using the Internet of Things (IoT)-based phytoremediation method, water hyacinth, apu-apu, and lotus. It was carried out using a tool monitoring system based on IoT technology with parameters for measuring pH, temperature, and water turbidity through the internet network. The results showed that the acidity level increased by 7–8 with a decrease in COD using water hyacinth, apu-apu, and lotus by 41.55%, 32.77%, and 32.91%, respectively. The BOD level using water hyacinth, as well as apu-apu and lotus decreased by 37.82%, and 31.54%, respectively. The decrease in phosphate level using water hyacinth, apu-apu and lotus was by 3.55%. Finally, the decrease in nitrate level using water hyacinth plants, apu-apu and lotus was 13.83%, 9.61% and 19.61%, respectively.

15

Exploring the Phytoremediation Capability of Athyrium filix-femina, Ludwigia peruviana and Sphagneticola trilobata for Heavy Metal Contamination

Aveiga Ana, Banchón Carlos, Sabando Roxanna, Delgado María

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

165--174

EN

Heavy metals are one of the leading environmental pollutants that are hazardous to the health of humans, soils, plants, and aquatic life. This study investigated the potential of Athyrium filix-femina, Ludwigia peruviana, and Sphagneticola trilobata for phytoextraction of Al, Ag, Cd, Cr, Ga, and Sr. To evaluate the heavy metal uptake by the plants, a pot experiment was conducted using uncontaminated soil mixed with a heavy metal solution. At the end of thirty days of planting, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were calculated. Cd accumulated to a greater degree in the shoots of A. filix-femina and L. peruviana than in their roots (8% and 12% respectively). Conversely, S. trilobata accumulated 27% more Cd in its roots than in its shoots. In all three plant species, roots had significantly higher heavy metal concentrations than shoots. These findings demonstrate that L. peruviana, A. filix-femina, and S. trilobata have high potential for phytoextraction and bioaccumulation of Cd, Sr, Ag, and Ga. The herbaceous nature of these plants, coupled with their deep roots and rapid growth rates, make them promising candidates for phytoremediation in heavy metal-contaminated soils.

16

Assessment of Phytoremediation of 137Cs Contaminated Soils During the Cultivation of Nectar-Pollinating Plants

Razanov Serhii, Kutsenko Mykola, Klymenko Mykola, Bakhmat Mykola, Klymenko Oleksandr, Bakhmat Oleh, Holubieva Tetiana, Kovalchuk Nataliia, Mazurak Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

316--321

EN

The man-made activity of mankind has led to the emergence of many global problems and caused the deterioration of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil). Of particular concern is the contamination of agricultural land with toxicants, in particular, radionuclides, which, entering the soil – plant – human body food chain, can reach toxic levels. Therefore, an important task is the removal of hazardous substances from the soil. Phytoremediation can be one of the effective methods for reducing its pollution. The article examines the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soils contaminated as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in certain territories of Polissia of Ukraine (Korosten district of Zhytomyr region). Nectar-pollinating plants were selected for the research, which was carried out for two years: great globe-thistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), and white melilot (Melilotus albus). The results of the research showed that in the dry vegetative mass of milk thistle, great globe-thistle, and white melilot, the specific activity of 137Cs over the two years of research was in the range from 30.8 Bq/kg to 238.5 Bq/kg, the accumulation coefficient – from 0.135 to 0.985, and the hazard coefficient – from 0.055 to 0.395. The highest indicators of specific activity and accumulation coefficient of 137Cs were observed in the vegetative mass of the white melilot, which amounted to 238.5 Bq/kg and 0.96, respectively, comparatively lower values – 2.3 times and 2.3 times were found in the vegetative mass of milk thistle, 2.8 times and 7.1 times – in the vegetative mass of the great globe-thistle. At this level of accumulation of 137Cs in the vegetative mass of nectarine plants from the soil, on average, over two years of research, 1130550 Bq of this radionuclide was removed from the soil per hectare of agricultural land with milk thistle, 621250 Bq with great globe-thistle, and 2851650 Bq with white melilot. The removal of 137Cs with the vegetative mass of nectarine plants reduced the content of this radionuclide in the soil per 1 kg – from 3.4% to 8% on average over two years of research.

17

Łąki kwietne w pasie zieleni

Wolski Karol

Drogi Publiczne

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2023

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nr 1

40--46

PL

W ostatnich kilku latach modne i lobbowane stają się „łąki kwietne”. Pojawiają się one niemal we wszystkich terenach zieleni ogrodach naturalistycznych, parkach, w tym w pasach drogowych w miastach czy nawet na autostradach. Np. w Krakowie w zieleni miejskiej istnieje już kilkadziesiąt ha łąk kwietnych, głównie w parkach. Te łąki zakłada się także w Poznaniu, we Wrocławiu, w Białymstoku, w Warszawie nawet przed Pałacem Kultury i Nauki. Łąki kwietne bez wątpienia są zbiorowiskami roślinnymi o większej bioróżnorodności i są o wiele cenniejsze przyrodniczo niż zwykłe trawniki. Niektóre źródła podają, że są miejscem bytowania nawet 300 gatunków drobnych zwierząt: owadów, płazów, gadów, ptaków, drobnych ssaków. Swoją niszę znajdują tutaj zwłaszcza zapylacze.

18

Study on the removal efficiency of antibiotics in coastal wetlands by Suaeda and Nelumbo nucifera

Ma Junwen, Cui Yubo, Kuang Peijing, Ma Chengdong, Zhang Mingyue, Chen Zhaobo, Zhao Ke

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 2

59--65

EN

This study mainly focused on the current situation of antibiotic pollution in coastal wetlands by screening for four common antibiotics (norfloxacin – NOR, ofloxacin – OFL, azithromycin – AZM, and roxithromycin – RXM) and two coastal wetland plants (Suaeda and Nelumbo nucifera), to determine the removal of antibiotic pollution by phytoremediation technology and its mechanism. We aimed to provide ideas for the remediation of antibiotics in coastal wetlands and their mechanisms of action in the context of intensive farming. The results showed that both plants had remediation effects on all four antibiotics, the phytoremediation of NOR and OFL was particularly significant, and the remediation effect of N. nucifera was better than that of Suaeda . The removal rates of the four antibiotics by Suaeda and N. nucifera at low antibiotic concentrations (10–25 μg/L) reached 48.9–100% and 77.3–100%, respectively. The removal rates of the four antibiotics at high antibiotic concentrations (50–200 μg/L) reached 7.5–73.2% and 22–84.6%, respectively. Moreover, AZM was only detected in trace amounts in the roots of N. nucifera, and RXM was not detected in either plant body.

19

Sensitivity of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. to selected metals and its suitability for phytoremediation of waters contaminated with metals. A mesocosm study

Gałczyńska Małgorzata, Wróbel Jacek, Bednarz Katarzyna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

67--77

EN

Anthropogenic pollution leads to increased concentrations of metals in the freshwater and macrophyte. Aquatic plants substantially contribute to the structure, function as well as and service provision of aquatic ecosystems. Our microcosm experiments were to test the possibility of the physiological response of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae to metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe at three level of concentration) contaminated waters. Biomass was analysed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. At the same time contents of photosynthetic pigments in leaves were estimated spectrophotometrically. We found that this macrophyte had the ability to grow in contaminated waters, but the effects of high concentration of isolated metals in water will indicate changes consisting in the disappearance of a significant part of biological populations were which manifested in alteration of the content of photosynthetic pigments as well as this plant’s growth. We show that generally stress of Zn and Cu influenced the drop of dry biomass which was connected with a positive correlation between the amount of dry biomass and the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids, or only carotenoids, respectively. The highest stress of Pb and Fe (third concentrations of these metals) also influenced the drop of biomass. We concluded that none of Cd concentrations were toxic to this plant, but the effect of Mn stress was not unequivocal. Moreover, plant growth was stimulated by low Fe concentrations (first concentration) demonstrating the hormesis effect. When plants were exposed to this metal, there was no evidence of damage to the photosynthetic processes.

20

Potential of Two Vegetable Plants in Reducing Lead Contamination in Soil

Lestari Mahayu Woro, Rosyidah Anis

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

320--326

EN

Phytoremediation is the technique of using green plants to remove toxic pollutants from heavy metal contaminated soil through degradation and detoxification mechanisms. Therefore, this research examines the potential of two types of vegetable crops, namely Crassocephalum crepidioides and Amaranthus sp., in reducing Pb contamination in polluted soil. The treatments tested were planting media in polybags dosed with 0.3 and 6 g/polybag of Pb 1 week before planting. The method used was a randomized block design, with each treatment being repeated three times. Furthermore, each treatment consists of three sample plants. The growth evaluation started 6 days after planting and was performed every 6 days. The evaluation was conducted on plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, Pb levels in roots and shoots, and Translocation Factor (TF). The results showed that the higher the Pb in the media, the lower the rate of change in plant height, leaf area, biomass, and chlorophyll content. Additionally, C. crepidioides and Amaranthussp. absorb Pb in the soil with a phytoextraction mechanism, thereby remediating heavy metal contaminated soil, as indicated by the TF value > 1. In conclusion,soil remediation should be performed using C. crepidioides, considering that it is less popular as a vegetable in Indonesia.