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Zrównoważony rozwój terenów pogórniczych w świetle wyzwań przyrodniczych

Fajfer Joanna, Dyczko Artur, Woźniak Gabriela

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 10

932--934

EN

The application of the principle of sustainable development in the reclamation and development of post-mining areas contributes to their effective and multifunctional use. Post-mining areas are characterized by individual and unique landscape values resulting from mining activities (including post-mining excavations, spoil heaps, waterlogged and drained areas), as well as from their natural surroundings. The use of this potential, while maintaining the natural balance in the process of reclamation and development of post-mining areas, promotes their adaptation to the environment. However, the implementation of these processes may be limited by among other things, economic, technological and natural conditions.

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Multi-aspect analysis of biomass production concerning taxonomic and functional trait composition of vegetation on heaps

Ryś Karolina, Dyczko Artur, Chmura Damian, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

74--89

EN

Studies on biodiversity and biomass productivity in ecosystems indicate that species richness and functional diversity drive ecosystem processes, including biomass productivity. Various models, such as unimodal, negative, and neutral, including complementarity and mass-ratio hypotheses, propose relationships between biodiversity and biomass. Despite numerous studies in natural and seminatural ecosystems, factors affecting biodiversity and biomass relationships remain controversial. This study analyses taxonomic and functional diversity as drivers of above-ground biomass and explores mechanisms influencing biomass production in spontaneous vegetation in post-mining mineral habitats. The study reveals that in the coal mines’ mineral novel ecosystems, the highest biomass in spontaneous vegetation is not significantly correlated with high diversity in vegetation species composition. Harsh conditions in mineral material habitats are reflected in plant species and the functional diversity of spontaneous vegetation. Successional development on post-coal mine heaps exhibits non-analogous species composition. Biotic and abiotic conditions shape gradients along which vegetation species composition is distributed, influencing functional and taxonomical diversity, and ultimately impacting biomass quality, quantity, and ecosystem function. Contrary to expectations, higher biomass is not linked to vegetation types with greater species composition diversity. Regardless of diversity measurement, areas with lower species diversity show higher accumulated biomass. This paradox suggests that factors beyond species diversity significantly impact biomass quantity in ecosystems. These findings challenge assumptions, emphasising the need for further research into specific mechanisms regulating biomass quantity in different vegetation types to refine our understanding of ecosystem dynamics.

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Identifying and understanding novel ecosystem functions : a scientific approach to nature restoration law

Hutniczak Agnieszka K., Bryś Wojciech, Dychkovskyi Roman, Gaj Renata, Dyczko Artur, Błońska Agnieszka, Bierza Karolina, Bacler-Żbikowska Barbara, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 64

203--210

EN

Human activity causes changes in habitat conditions. Where habitat conditions have been significantly altered by human activities, novel ecosystems emerge. This paper aims to analyse novel ecosystem parameters, particularly in relation to biodiversity and restoration law. It presents the role of novel ecosystems in ecosystem functioning and their significance within urban-industrial landscapes. Based on extensive literature reviews, that these ecosystems have been a subject of scientific interest for many years. However, comprehensive knowledge of these ecosystems still needs to be broadened. An interdisciplinary approach to their management is essential. The European Union (EU) has implemented various legislative and policy measures aimed at restoring and conserving natural ecosystems and biodiversity across different members states. Key initiatives include the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, EU Habitats Directive, and EU Funding Programs, all of which promote sustainable development and strengthen restoration laws. Only a proper identification and understanding of novel ecosystems and their ecological processes can contribute to implementing relevant legal actions. In the urban industry landscape, the poor mineral post-mining habitat sites have the unique potential to harbor and develop biodiversity hot spots in densely populated areas. Many of these sites with very harsh habitat conditions that have been left to spontaneous processes going on have become protected sites with outstanding biodiversity established (e.g., Bytom city). Such examples in Silesia (S Poland) provide proof that such solutions should be a constant element of the post-mining site management plans.

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Modelling ecosystem services : a tool for assessing novel ecosystems functioning in the urban-industrial landscape

Woźniak Gabriela, Bryś Wojciech, Dychkovskyi Roman, Dyczko Artur, Nowak Teresa, Piekarska-Stachowiak Anna, Trząski Leszek, Molenda Tadeusz, Hutniczak Agnieszka

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 63

168--175

EN

The necessary ecosystem services can be effectively provided through the diverse functioning and processes of ecosystems. Apart from services provided by natural and semi-natural ecosystems, the study on ecosystem development on mineral habitats, established as by-products of mining activity, have revealed surprising results. Unrecognised yet crucial ecosystem services can be provided by novel ecosystems that develop spontaneously on mineral sites created due to human activities, such as mineral mining. These mineral habitats and the ecosystems established de novo provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Modelling ecosystem functioning can simulate and predict the effects of interventions on ecosystem services provided by novel ecosystems. This approach supports adaptive management strategies that maximise desired services while minimising negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Understanding the functioning of novel ecosystems and their ecosystem services is crucial for enhancing resilience, promoting restoration efforts, and implementing sustainable land-use practices. Recognising the importance of ecosystem services provided by novel ecosystems and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes can foster public support for conservation initiatives and promote collaboration among diverse stakeholders. This approach is particularly important given that many activities related to the re-development of post-industrial areas, especially post-mining regions, have fallen short of achieving their objectives. The essential role of ecosystem services provided by natural, semi-natural, and novel ecosystems highlights the importance of the ecosystem functioning modelling approaches. Such approaches are needed to understand and quantify these services in the context of adhering to sustainable development principles during urban development.

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Factors driving plant diversity in the spontaneous vegetation of the novel ecosystem of post-coal mining spoil heaps and their relationship with soil respiration

Radosz Łukasz, Chmura Damian, Dyczko Artur, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

190--201

EN

The subject of the paper is the analysis of the relationship between spontaneous vegetation diversity and soil respiration in novel post-coal mine ecosystem. In the natural and semi-natural ecosystems, soil respiration process (Rs) is a crucial ecosystem function regulating terrestrial ecosystems’ carbon cycle. Soil respiration depends on the quality and quantity of the soil organic matter (SOM), the soil microbes’ activity, and root metabolism. The listed factors are directly related to the composition diversity of vegetation plant species (biochemistry). For many years, soil respiration parameters have been studied in natural and seminatural vegetation communities and ecosystems. However, there still need to be a greater understanding of the relationship between vegetation plant species diversity and soil respiration as a crucial ecosystem function. Plant species diversity has to be analysed through both the taxonomic diversity and the functional diversity. These approaches reflect the composition, structure, and function of plant species communities. We hypothesise that the diversity of the spontaneous vegetation species composition shapes the amount of soil respiration in a post-coal mine novel ecosystem. The soil respiration differs significantly along the vegetational types driven by habitat gradients and is significantly higher in highly functional richness and dispersion vegetation patches. Contrary to our expectation, soil respiration was the highest in the less diverse vegetation types - both taxonomical and functional evenness were non-significant factors. Only functional dispersion is weakly negative correlated with soil respiration level (SRL).

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Wetland Vegetation of Novel Ecosystems as the Biodiversity Hotspots of the Urban-Industrial Landscape

Błońska Agnieszka, Chmura Damian, Hutniczak Agnieszka, Bakr Jawdat, Wilczek Zbigniew, Dyczko Artur, Plewa Franciszek, Sotek Zofia, Popczyk Marcin, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 7

317--331

EN

Wetlands represent a small proportion of all habitats. Still, they are very important features within the landscape, particularly in the ecosystem mosaic. They are composed of many specifically adapted organisms. Wetlands spontaneously establish and provide a significant source of heterogeneity and diversity in an urban-industrial landscape. Most of Earth’s wetlands are at risk or have disappeared due to human activity. Apart from natural wetlands, unique anthropogenic wetlands are observed in southern Poland. The aim of study was to assess and analyze the water quality and the spontaneous wetland vegetation which has developed on anthropogenic wetland habitats. The study was conducted on the spontaneous wetland vegetation developed in habitats that emerged due to mineral excavation activities of quarries in the Silesia Upland and Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The research subjects were wetlands that provide special water chemistry conditions for developing the peat bog vegetation. Water sampling and analyses, vegetation recording, and vegetation numerical analyses were conducted on studied wetlands. The results of a study conducted on flooded post-excavation sites revealed that diverse wetland spontaneous vegetation colonized such habitats. This research showed that anthropogenic wetlands can provide habitats for the development of outstanding biodiversity and form a refuge for calcareous plant species and the subsequently assembled rare peat bog vegetation. The high moisture and the increased presence of magnesium and calcium ions are developing in some sites of the post-mineral excavations. Such habitat conditions in anthropogenic wetlands enhance the occurrence of rare calciphilous species. Maintaining the relevant water conditions is crucial for the protection of these sites. The study presented that, quite frequently, the human-induced transformation results in establishing habitats that provide conditions for refuge organisms, mostly plants crucial for conservation perspective, particularly in the urban-industrial landscape. The additional importance of this study is related to the fact that the area of wetlands decreased. Therefore such anthropogenic wetlands should be integrated into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation.

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The Abiotic Habitat Factors and Soil Carbon Dioxide Release under Spontaneous Vegetation in Coal Mine Heaps

Radosz Łukasz, Chmura Damian, Dyczko Artur, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 6

239--257

EN

This research is focused on examining the link between the abiotic conditions of coal mine heaps (specifically, the type of spontaneous vegetation) and their respiration rates. The hypothesis is that there is a significant correlation between the carbon content of the soil substrate and the respiration rate of the coal mine heap among the abiotic factors studied. The investigation was carried out on the mineral material found in coal mining heaps, which consisted of Carboniferous mineral rock material. The fieldwork spanned the vegetation seasons from 2018 to 2022. Various physicochemical parameters of the substrate samples were analyzed, including soil organic carbon content, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total nitrogen (TN), available forms of phosphorus (P2O5 ) content, available magnesium (MgO) concentration, exchangeable cations (K+, Na+), and moisture. Soil respiration measurements were taken using the TARGAZ-1 analyzer. The amount of carbon dioxide released at the sites studied ranged from 0.00158 to 1.21462 [g CO2/m2/h]. It was found that the carbon content and all the environmental factors tested had a significant impact on soil respiration (p=0.001), except total nitrogen (p=0.893). The factors most strongly correlated with soil respiration were potassium (K), alkaline phosphatase, and SRL (soil respiration). Of the taxa analyzed, only the below-ground conditions provided by the vegetation communities dominated by Centaurea stoebe showed a significant correlation with SRL. Three dominant plant species influenced the development of below-ground conditions, leading to negative effects. On the other hand, the below-ground conditions associated with vegetation patches dominated by Daucus carota showed the strongest negative correlation.

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Abiotic Habitat Conditions in Coal Mines Heap Novel Ecosystems Concerning the Biomass Amount of Spontaneous Vegetation

Ryś Karolina, Chmura Damian, Dyczko Artur, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

79--100

EN

Biomass, primarily derived from photosynthesizing plants harnessing solar energy, is crucial for ecosystem functioning and diverse services. This study delved into the unique ecosystem of coal mine heaps, exploring unexpected relations between abiotic factors and biomass in spontaneous vegetation. Biomass quantity and quality are influenced by such factors as plant photosynthesis efficiency, necessitating an understanding of dynamics on post-mining sites. The conducted investigation focused on diverse spontaneous vegetation on coal mine heaps, analyzing abiotic conditions such as soil texture, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, carbon, magnesium, sodium, and acidity. Contrary to the adopted hypothesis, nitrogen content negatively correlates with soil total nitrogen, carbon, and water holding capacity. However, the biomass of dominant plant species positively correlates with available phosphorus, pH, calcium, and sodium. These unexpected relationships highlight biomass dynamics complexity in novel ecosystems on coal mine heaps, stressing the need to consider spontaneous vegetation biomass as a valuable resource and ecosystem service in urban-industry landscapes. The obtained findings expand scientific inquiry and have practical implications for post-industrial area reclamation. Understanding biomass potential in identified vegetation types provides insights into biomass character on coal mine heaps, crucial for maximizing spontaneous vegetation potential and transforming post-industrial landscape reclamation approaches.

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The diversity and plant species composition of the spontaneous vegetation on coal mine spoil heaps in relation to the area size

Woźniak Gabriela, Bakr Jawdat, Dyczko Artur, Jarosz Jacek, Ryś Karolina, Radosz Łukasz, Kaul Szymon, Adamik Kamila, Besenyei Lynn, Prostański Dariusz

Mining Machines

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2023

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vol. 41, iss. 1

68--84

EN

Any newly created area includes human-created habitats such as the mineral material of post-coal mining spoil heaps undergoing natural colonization and ecosystem development during the succession processes of vegetation colonization. The study of the factors that influence the succession dynamics, and the mechanisms behind this, have a long history (including the species-area relationship or Arrhenius equation). Nevertheless, the list of scientific questions is increasing. One of the significant issues in the study of these processes is the relationship between factors influencing the Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) relationships. The main prerequisite is the relationships between the plant species' assemblage mechanisms including diversity and the variety of assembly rules concerning the environmental abiotic habitat processes and these properties are not straightforward. At the large scale, parameters such as age and area of the colonized sites are considered to be important. These relationships are more complicated in newly established post-mineral excavation habitats where novel ecosystems are developing. Regardless of the degree of disturbances, vegetation re-establishes in such environments, as a result of spontaneous succession, by the colonization and establishment of the best-adapted organisms. In the habitats of post-coal mining spoil heaps with pure oligotrophic mineral conditions, the non-analogous, newly formed composition of flora, fauna, and saprophytes has been stated in many previous field studies. This study aimed to explore the biodiversity versus area size relationships, in particular, it investigated the species composition and diversity found in the development of the spontaneous vegetation formed during primary succession on mineral substrate habitats of postcoal mining spoil heaps of different area sizes. We tested the hypothesis: species diversity of the vegetation patches on coal mine spoil heaps becomes more diverse on larger sites over time. These results indicate that the area size of the spoil heap significantly affects the diversity of the vegetation. Regardless of which of the characteristics of the vegetation type (dominant species) is compared, the vegetation on the heaps differs depending on its area size.

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Impact of Selected Plant Species on Enzymatic Activity of Soil Substratum on Post-Mining Heaps

Błońska Agnieszka, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Sierka Edyta, Besenyei Lynn, Magurno Franco, Frydecka Kinga, Bierza Wojciech, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

138--144

EN

The natural mineral resources (hard coal, sands, dolomites, lead and zinc ores) found in the Silesia and the excavation of them led to significant transformation or even degradation of the environment. The landscape of Upper Silesia was dominated by heaps created as a result of the accumulation of post-mining coal waste. These postindustrial sites are characterised by difficult conditions for the development of plant communities. Nevertheless, the heaps are spontaneously overgrowing and over time, a separate ecosystem can be observed (for heaps). The article analyzes the enzymatic activity of the substrate in relation to the selected dominant grass (Monocots) and herbaceous (Dicots) plant species. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of particular enzymes in soil substratum of the vegetation patches dominated by grass and herbaceous plants.

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Diversity of Vegetation Dominated by Selected Grass Species on Coal-Mine Spoil Heaps in Terms of Reclamation of Post-Industrial Areas

Błońska Agnieszka, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Sierka Edyta, Bierza Wojciech, Magurno Franco, Besenyei Lynn, Ryś Karolina, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

209--217

EN

Grasses have a considerable potential for the adaptation to various, often extreme, habitat conditions. The aim of the work was to present the vegetation diversity of the coal-mine spoil heaps with the dominant share of grasses and to identify the main factors responsible for this diversity in the aspect of post-industrial land reclamation. The communities differ in reference to the species preferences to light, moisture, soil fertility and reaction, which is reflected in the wide variety of microhabitats in the area. It was shown that the increase in the abundance of certain grass species, including Calamagrostis epigejos, Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea, Phragmites australis, has a significant negative impact on the species richness, species diversity and the uniformity of distribution of species of the plant community. Preliminary analyses revealed that on post-mining waste, the biomass production of the dominant species is negatively correlated with biodiversity. The knowledge about the biology and ecology of grass species, as well as on the assembly rules may be used in the reclamation of degraded areas. Gaining the knowledge about the vegetation diversity of the coal-mine spoil heaps with the dominant share of grasses can be useful in planning the reclamation works, taking into account natural processes, which leads to the creation of a permanent vegetation cover at a given site, protecting it against water or wind erosion. In the future these areas may provide a number of important ecosystem services.

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Uziarnienie podłoża jako czynnik różnicujący zbiorowiska roślinne występujące na zwałowiskach karbońskiej skały płonnej

Ryś Karolina, Radosz Łukasz, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Błońska Agnieszka, Hutniczak Agnieszka, Woźniak Gabriela

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

29--36

PL

W pracy podjęto próbę ukazania różnorodności roślinności zwałowisk karbońskiej skały płonnej z dominującym udziałem traw i roślin zielnych, a także rozpoznanie preferencji uziarnienia podłoża wraz z biomasą powstającą w płatach roślinności zdominowanych przez różne gatunki traw i roślin zielnych. Skład florystyczny zbiorowisk opiera się głównie na dominacji jednego gatunku czy współdominacji gatunków rodzimych zielnych tj.: Chamaenerion palustre, Daucus carota, Centaurea stoebe, Lotus corniculatus, Tussilago farfara, Melilotus alba lub obcych: Erigeron annuus, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Solidago gigantea oraz gatunków traw tj.: Calamagrostis epigejos, Solidago gigantea, Poa compressa, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis. W poszczególnych zbiorowiskach odnotowano od 23 do 55 gatunków roślin. Do najbardziej różnorodnych gatunkowo należą zbiorowiska z wysokim pokryciem takich gatunków jak: Poa compressa (H'–1,89), Daucus carota (H'–1,82), Festua arundinacea (H'–1,45), Calamagrostis epigejos (H'–1,42), natomiast najmniejszą różnorodnością odznacza się zbiorowisko z udziałem Phragmites australis (H'–0,91). Analiza uziarnienia podłoża na zwałowiskach karbońskiej skały płonnej wykazała zależność między gatunkiem dominanta, a składem granulometrycznym oraz zawartością materii organicznej w podłożu.

EN

The study attempts to show the diversity of vegetation of Carboniferous waste dumps with a predominant proportion of grasses and herbaceous plants, as well as recognition of soil grain preferences with biomass arising in patches of vegetation dominated by various species of grass and herbaceous plants. The floristic composition of the communities is based mainly on the dominance of one species or co-dominance of native herbaceous species i.e.: Chamaenerion palustre, Daucus carota, Centaurea stoebe, Lotus corniculatus, Tussilago farfara, Melilotus alba or aliens: Erigeron annuus, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Solidago gigantea and grass species, i.e. Calamagrostis epigejos, Solidago gigantea, Poa compressa, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis. In individual communities from 23 to 55 species of plants were recorded. The most diverse species include communities with high coverage of such species as: Poa compressa (H'–1.89), Daucus carota (H'–1.82), Festua arundinacea (H'–1.45), Calamagrostis epigejos (H'–1.42), while the smallest variety is characterized by the community with the participation of Phragmites australis (H'–0.91). Analysis of the grain size of the subsoil on the Carboniferous waste dumps showed a relationship between the dominant species and the granulometric composition as well as the content of organic matter in the subsoil.

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Rola fauny glebowej w zróżnicowaniu roślinności na zwałowisku karbońskiej skały płonnej

Radosz Łukasz, Ryś Karolina, Chmura Damian, Hutniczak Agnieszka, Woźniak Gabriela

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

21--28

PL

W pracy przedstawiono relacje między ilością fauny glebowej w zróżnicowaniu roślinności na zwałach pogórniczych. Dotychczas, badacze wiele uwagi poświęcali rozwojowi i zróżnicowaniu zespołów roślinnych na terenach poprzemysłowych uwzględniając m.in. hałdy skały płonnej. Znacznie słabiej poznano ilościowy i jakościowy udział wybranych grup mezo-fauny (nicienie i wazonkowce), w podłożu glebowym terenów poeksploatacyjnych. Poznanie tych zależności może mieć duże znaczenie praktyczne w planowaniu i realizowaniu prac zmierzających do odtwarzania siedlisk na terenach powstałych w związku z eksploatacją surowców mineralnych. Jednym z czynników warunkujących wzrost roślin oraz ich odporność na stres, jest aktywność organizmów glebowych. Stwierdzono marginalnie istotną zależność między różnorodnością gatunkową płatów roślinności, mierzoną wartością wskaźnika Shannona-Wiener’a a liczebnością wazonkowców (rs=0.31, p=0.05). Procentowe pokrycie gatunku dominującego, jego obfitość, jak również, łączne procentowe pokrycie roślin i mszaków, wielkość suchej masy oraz pokrycie ogólne roślin zielnych istotnie wpływa na liczbę wazonkowców.

EN

The work analyzes the relationship between the amount of soil fauna in the diversity of vegetation on post-mining dumps. Until now, researchers have devoted a lot of attention to the development and diversity of plant communities in post-industrial areas, including heaps of gangue. The quantitative and qualitative participation of selected meso-fauna groups (Nematoda, Enchytraeidae) in the soil base of post-mining areas was much less known. Understanding these relationships can be of great practical importance in planning and implementing surveying works to restore habitats in areas created in connection with the exploitation of mineral resources. Activity of soil organisms is one of the factors conditioning plant growth and their resistance to stress. A marginally significant relationship was found between the species diversity of the patches of vegetation, measured by the value of the Shannon-Wiener index, and the abundance of vase vessels (rs=0.31, p=0.05). The percentage coverage of the dominant species, its abundance, as well as the total percentage coverage of plants and bryophytes, dry matter volume and general coverage of herbaceous plants significantly affects the number of vassels.

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Pojęcie rekultywacji w naukach biologicznych wobec nowych wyzwań środowiskowych

Hutniczak Agnieszka, Borowski Gabriel, Woźniak Gabriela

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

14--20

PL

Utrwaliło się przekonanie, że działalność wydobywcza powoduje duże zmiany środowiska, w tym ubożenie szaty roślinnej, świata zwierzęcego i przekształcenia stosunków wodnych. Tereny poprzemysłowe (w tym pogórnicze i poeksploatacyjne) były klasyfikowane jako tereny zdegradowane, a nawet zdewastowane. Zgodnie z tym podejściem dalsze wykorzystanie tych terenów nie było możliwe bez wykonania zabiegów rekultywacyjnych i przywrócenia, bądź też nadania, wartości użytkowych. W skrajnych przypadkach o rzeczywistości biologiczno-przyrodniczej środowiska decydowała klasyfikacja administracyjno-prawna, a nie obiektywne wartości parametrów biologicznych. Skuteczne metody i kierunki zagospodarowania terenów poprzemysłowych mogą przywrócić tym terenom nową wartość użytkową oraz umożliwić ich wykorzystanie jako unikatowych siedlisk roślinnych. Długotrwałe działania rekultywacyjne ograniczają skutki globalnych zmian (global change mitigation). W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono techniczno-rolnicze aspekty pojęcia rekultywacji oraz określono jej miejsce w naukach biologicznych.

EN

It has been believed that mining activities have always and exclusively caused large changes in the environment, including the impoverishment of plant cover, the animal world and the transformation of water resources. This makes that post-industrial areas (including post-mining and after-care) have been classified as degraded or even devastated. According to this approach a further use of these areas was not possible without reclamation and restoration or even creating a use value. In extreme cases, these were not the objective values of biological parameters, but the administrative and legal classification which determined the biological and natural environment. Effective methods of post-industrial area use as well as directions referring to this are extremely important because they can restore the new utility value to the area and they can enable the use of areas after the exploitation of mineral resources as unique plant habitats. Long-term reclamation activities limit the effects of global change mitigation. This article presents technical and agricultural aspects of the concept of reclamation and determine where its place in biological sciences is.